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Background and objectives: This research is considered the first of its kind in Kirkuk City to study the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), the levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), and Fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and some biochemical variables in T2DM patients who uncontrolled the disease (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C)˃8%) and compared with patients who controlled the disease (HbA1C˂7%) and healthy controls (HbA1C≤5.5%), and find the correlation among them.

Methods: This research included 184 persons [128 patients (70 uncontrolled DM and 58 controlled DM + 56 healthy patients] aged (40-80) years from both sexes. The current study is divided into three groups: uncontrolled DM patients (G1) and controlled DM patients (G2) are compared to healthy controls (G3). Activity of LCAT, concentration of Apo A1, FABP4, insulin, fasting serum glucose (FSG), lipid profile and HbAc1% were evaluated and -correlated.

Results: The study found a significant rise in in HbAc1(%), FSG, TG, Cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and FABP4 levels in uncontrolled diabetic patients (G1) compared to controlled diabetes (G2) and healthy controls (G3). At the same time, there are no significant (P value =0.2) differences between controlled DM patients (G2) and controlled healthy groups (G3). The study found no significant differences in insulin level among DM patients (G1), controlled DM patients (G2), and healthy controls (G3) (P = 0.2) while the LCAT activity, the concentration of HDL and ApoA1showed significant decreased (P=0.01) among G1, G2, compared to G3.

Background and objectives: This prospective study was conducted at the University Hospital NAO "MUS" (Semey Medical University, Non-Profit Joint-Stock Company (NCJSC) of Semey, Kazakhstan. The objective of our investigation was to delineate potential risk factors associated with coagulopathy among patients presenting with mechanical jaundice.

Materials and methods: One hundred eighty-six patients who underwent surgical procedures between October 2020 and September 2022 in Semey, located in East Kazakhstan, were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore independent associations between non-coagulopathy and its respective correlates.

Results: The gender distribution among participants was as follows: 68 men (36.6%) and 118 women (63.4%), with an average age of 62.2 years (95% confidence interval: 52-72.4). Coagulopathy was observed in 87.9% of patients (N=163). Nine risk factors associated with the development of coagulopathy were included in the binary logistic regression model: nationality (p=0.005), local residence (p=0.01), obesity (p=0.0001), hemoglobin concentration (p=0.003), platelet count (p=0.008), total bilirubin level (p=0.031), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.001), soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (p=0.034), and international normalized ratio (INR) (p=0.005).

Conclusions: The majority of patients developed coagulopathy, and key sources of its occurrence were identified. Surgeons need to pay closer attention to patients of Kazakh ethnicity with obesity, as well as to those with mild anemia, elevated levels of platelet count, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes, alanine aminotransferase, and international normalized ratio, as they are more likely to develop coagulopathy. Additionally, patients with moderate or severe jaundice are also more prone to the development of coagulopathy.

Median sternotomy has been the conventional approach for correction of atrial septal defect despite poor cosmetic results at times. Right anterior minithoracotomy was, therefore, assessed as an alternative procedure with a better cosmetic outcome.

Material and methods: from April 2008 through February 2017 102 patients underwent correction of atrial septal defect with the use of normothermic perfusion on a beating heart through right anterior minithoracotomy involving a short incision through the fourth intercostals space and the direct cannulation. The 75 were female and 27 male end the averaging age 19,2±2,0 years. The corrected defects included atrial septal defect type II, atrial septal defect with short aortic edge, atrial septal defect with short inferior edge, atrial septal defect with short superior edge, sinus venosus superior type atrial septal defect and sinus venosus inferior type atrial septal defect. The length of the skin incision varied from 4 to 10 cm, depending on the age of the patient.

Results: There was no operative or late mortality or major morbidity. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 19±4 minutes, the duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery in patients was 2,4±0,9 hours. Cosmetic result was very satisfactory in all patients.

Conclusions: The right anterior minithoracotomy incision is a safe and effective alternative to a median sternotomy for correction of atrial septal defect. Cosmetic results are highly satisfactory.

Objective: Explore the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) combined with somatostatin in the treatment of severe pancreatitis (SAP) patients.

Methods: A retrospective study method was adopted to select 95 patients with SAP who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2022 for clinical research. Among them, 48 patients received routine treatment+somatostatin (control group), and other 47 patients received ultrasound guided PCD treatment on the basis of the control group (research group). The differences in the peripheral white blood cells (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α(TNF- α), prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), plasma thromboxane 2 (TXA2), blood amylase, serum albumin (ALB), acute physiological function and chronic health score (APACHE II), sequential organ failure score (SOFA), and clinical efficacy were compared. The ICU treatment time, hospital stay, and incidence of complications were also recorded for the two groups of patients.

Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in APACHE II score and SOFA score between the research group and the control group (P>0.05); The APACHE II scores of the research group after 14 days of treatment and 28 days of treatment were lower than those of the control group. The SOFA scores of the research group after 28 days of treatment were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in WBC, PCT, IL-6, TNF-α, PGI2, TXA2, blood amylase, and ALB levels between the research group and control group (P>0.05); PCT, IL-6, TNF-α, TXA2 and blood amylase levels in the research group after 28 days of treatment were lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); The ICU treatment time and hospitalization time of the research group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); After 28 days of treatment, clinical efficacy evaluation was conducted, and the overall efficacy of the research group patients was better than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); The complication rate of the research group was 27.66%, and that of the control group was 47.92%, which was significantly lower in the research group than in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Ultrasound guided PCD combined with somatostatin treatment for SAP patients can more effectively alleviate the degree of inflammatory response, effectively alleviate the severity of the patient's condition, reduce the occurrence of related complications, and improve clinical treatment effectiveness.

The prevalence of deaths from cervical cancer (CC) in the word was around 350.000 in the last 5 years, indicating the need to analyze the potential causality and current management approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding CC, including its risk factors, signs and symptoms and early detection methods, as well as the awareness and attitude of participants toward the screening tests.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and October of 2023 in a representative sample of 18-59 years old Armenian women. Data were generated using structured interviews with self-administered questionnaire and adopted from similar studies and translated into Armenian.

Results: Majority of the survey respondents demonstrated moderate awareness about the risk factors, signs and symptoms of the condition. The poorest knowledge regarding the preventive colposcopy screening method of CC was observed. Comparison of demographic characteristics of participants and their awareness regarding the inquired topics revealed evident relationship between the disease rate and studied variables. A strong relationship was observed between the awareness of CC risk factors and CC symptoms of the disease and age groups, residency, number of children, insurance and employment status, level of education and level of income.

Conclusion: The short period of the survey and a fast track of data analysis with independent variables has revealed the region-specific current rates for the assessed variables and their relationship. The study added more facts to the existing body of knowledge about the implementation strategies and limitations of CC screening programs.

Anti-cancer therapy with anthracyclines and trastuzumab has raised concerns regarding cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study aimed to assess left ventricular (LV) ultrasound parameters in BC postmenopausal women during a 2-year follow-up period after starting anti-cancer therapy.

Methods: We studied 74 women with early-stage BC with, a mean age of 62.3 (SD-8.6), who underwent adjuvant doxorubicin or doxorubicin + trastuzumab therapy. Parameters such as LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), and mitral annulus systolic velocity(S') were evaluated. Serial evaluations were conducted at baseline(T0) and the first (T1), second (T2), third (T3), sixth (T4), ninth (T5), twelfth (T6), and twenty-fourth month (T7) following the initiation of the chemotherapy. Cardioprotective therapy (CPT) was administered to high-risk patients and those with worsening LV systolic parameters. A multiple regression model was employed to assess the combined effects of various factors and co-factors on the outcome variables. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated using the survival analysis tools (Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional model).

Results: A total of 27 (36.5%) patients developed CTRCD, although no patients were presented with symptomatic heart failure. LVGLS started to decline one month after the first anthracycline dose (T1) in 13.5% of the cohort and 34.5% of patients with CTRCD (p<0.000). From the third month, 10.8% of the patients showed a decrease in EF%, including 27.6% of patients with CTRCD in (P<0.000). Throughout, the study, S' remained within the normal range in patients without CTRCD, only patients with CTRCD showed a decline in S'.

Conclusions: This prospective study revealed that:1) The dynamic assessment of GLS should be prioritized for the early detection of systolic dysfunction .2) S' possesses a high diagnostic value for identifying cardiotoxicity. 3) Implementing the optimal medical cardioprotective strategies and closely monitoring LV systolic function can prevent serious cardiac complications in patients undergoing highly cardiotoxic anti-cancer treatment.

The aim is to evaluate ciprofloxacin toxicity in the liver and kidneys by assessing their functioning, histological alterations, and GFAP expression in chicks. In the acute trial, the chicks were divided into 3 groups of six. The 1st was the control. The 2nd and 3rd received injections of 250 and 500 mg/kg cipro. In the subchronic experiment, the animals were separated into two groups: the 1st group was control and 2nd groups were administered 125 mg/kg cipro for two weeks. The acute treatment at a dose of 500 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in AST (alanine aminotransferase), ALT (aspartate aminotransferase), Mg (magnesium), and Ca (calcium), as did the subchronic trial at a level of 125 mg/kg. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was measured at ciprofloxacin dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg in the acute trial, as well as 125 mg/kg in the subchronic study. Histological examination revealed mild to severe lesions in the liver and kidneys treated with 250-500 mg/kg. The dose of 125 mg/kg resulted in significant coagulative necrosis of liver cells, sinusoidal enlargement, and severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Severe coagulative necrosis of the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules, and glomerular atrophy were all observed. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP in brain tissue showed a high positive result. We concluded that high doses of ciprofloxacin caused obvious biochemical and histological abnormalities in the liver and kidneys, cholinesterase inhibition in response to kidney and liver injuries, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the brain.

Introduction: With COVID-19, there are isolated reports of a change in the free radical oxidation of blood lipids in the body of patients, however, the state of the half-AOS of saliva remains unexplored. At the same time, the editors of three scientific medical journals have already adopted the author's concept of the name of the disease - "COVID - 19 - POST-COVID SYNDROME".

Material and methods: The saliva of 63 patients with postcovid syndrome (PСS) served as the object of the study. The individual sensitivity of patients to xenobiotics was determined using the isoniazid method. According to the results of sensitivity to xenobiotics, patients were divided into groups: resistant, sensitive and very sensitive groups.

Results: Thus, the results of the conducted studies indicate a significant increase in the intensity of free radical lipid oxidation in postcovid syndrome, an increase in the prooxidant index of saliva associated with the sensitivity of the body to xenobiotics. The work carried out made it possible to determine the feasibility of using a medical leech for the rehabilitation of patients with PKS, depending on sensitivity to xenobiotics. The use of hirudotherapy inhibits the intensity of free radical oxidation processes, makes it possible to prevent the development of oxidative stress.

Conclusion: PKS is characterized by activation of the processes of lipoperoxidation of saliva, an increase in the content of primary, secondary and final POL products in it. The degree of increase in the prooxidant index in the saliva of patients with PKS depends on the sensitivity of the body to xenobiotics.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequently occurring and common respiratory disease which has an incidence of 13.7% among people over 40 years in China, and now nearly 100 million people at home suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To observe the effect of Low molecular weight heparin sodium in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) comorbid with pulmonary heart disease (PHD) on blood vessels.

Methods: A total of 92 patients with AECOPD accompanied by PHD in our Hospital from January 2019 to May 2021 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was given basic treatment while the observation group was treated with basic treatment in combination with Low molecular weight heparin sodium. The changes of blood gas, hemorheology, cardiac function and serum factors were recorded to analyze their curative effect and safety.

Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.65% (44 cases per 46 cases), which was significantly higher than that of the control group with 82.61% (38 cases per 46 cases), with statistical significance (P<0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), pH, nitric oxide (NO), and oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the two groups were higher than those before treatment while 4-hydroxymenealdehyde (4-HNE), endothelin-1 (ET-1), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs -CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hemorheology indexes were decreased compared with those before treatment. After treatment, the improvement of the above indexes in the observation group was higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) with no significant difference in adverse reactions between them(P>0.05).

Conclusion: Low molecular weight heparin sodium can reduce inflammation and improve hemorheology by regulating the balance of blood vessels, thus improve the curative effect in the treatment of AECOPD accompanied by PHD.

The study of individual anatomical variability has long attracted attention, with this topic being widely covered in the works of both domestic and foreign scientists. The aim of our work is to study the individual anatomical variability of the facial section of the skull, taking into account gender and craniotype, based on computed tomography data.

Material and methods: The material for our study consisted of 80 results from computed tomography (CT) scans of the human head, without any existing pathologies of the bone tissue.

Results: Brachycrania was established in males with a cranial index ranging from 80.6 to 92.4 (with x̄=86.68, σ=3.20, and mx̄=0.91), and in females from 80.2 to 88.3 (with x̄=84.32, σ=2.81, and mx̄=0.77). Similarly, mesocrania was confirmed by our data, with males showing a range from 76.8 to 79.2 (with x̄=77.93, σ=1.72, and mx̄=0.68), and females from 75.6 to 79.1 (with x̄=77.12, σ=1.74, and mx̄=0.59). Dolichocrania presented a variability range of cranial index values in adult males from 71.8 to 74.6 (with x̄=73.80, σ=1.52, and mx̄=0.63), and in females from 72.2 to 73.9 (with x̄=72.67, σ=1.48, and mx̄=0.59).

Conclusions: The individual anatomical variability of the facial section of the skull, taking into account gender and craniotype, based on computed tomography data was detected. Cranial profile characteristics of the facial skeleton are dependent on both gender and on the existing craniotype. We were able to establish clear differences between male and female skulls, particularly in terms of overall linear dimensions, the shapes of lateral polygons, and profilograms. A clear description of the brachycranial, mesocranial, and dolichocranial craniotypes was obtained, along with their relationships to other existing skull types.