Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510793
Thomas-Michael Winkel, L. S. Dutta, Hartmut Grabinski
A very accurate, novel determination of the characteristic impedance of interconnects on semiconducting substrates has been developed. The method is based upon high frequency, S-parameter measurements of two transmission lines of different lengths. The influence of the contact structures of the measurement probes are taken into account with the help of three additional measurements. The mathematical background of the method is presented. A comparison of the results obtained from measurements and from calculations is given and shows an excellent agreement.
{"title":"An accurate determination of the characteristic impedance of lossy lines on chips based on high frequency S-parameter measurements","authors":"Thomas-Michael Winkel, L. S. Dutta, Hartmut Grabinski","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510793","url":null,"abstract":"A very accurate, novel determination of the characteristic impedance of interconnects on semiconducting substrates has been developed. The method is based upon high frequency, S-parameter measurements of two transmission lines of different lengths. The influence of the contact structures of the measurement probes are taken into account with the help of three additional measurements. The mathematical background of the method is presented. A comparison of the results obtained from measurements and from calculations is given and shows an excellent agreement.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116762287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510788
Qing K. Zhu, W. Dai
This paper presents the motivation and a case study for a new clock distribution technique: route the global clock on package. This technique can be used in single chips and multichip modules based on area I/Os of the flip chip technology. Due to 2-4 order lower interconnect resistance on package layers, the clock skew and path delay of the clock network are significantly reduced.
{"title":"Chip and package co-design technique for clock networks","authors":"Qing K. Zhu, W. Dai","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510788","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the motivation and a case study for a new clock distribution technique: route the global clock on package. This technique can be used in single chips and multichip modules based on area I/Os of the flip chip technology. Due to 2-4 order lower interconnect resistance on package layers, the clock skew and path delay of the clock network are significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129442769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510780
T. Xue, E. Kuh, Qingjian Yu
This paper presents a sensitivity-based wiresizing algorithm for interconnect delay optimization of lossy transmission line topology under MCM technologies. Our approach computes the maximum delay and its sensitivities with respect to the widths of wires in the topology via high order moments based on an exact moment matching model. Compared with other approaches, it achieves analytical sensitivity computation and calculates higher order moments (sensitivities) recursively from lower order moments for tree network. It can yield optimal wiresizing solution for interconnect delay minimization. Experiments show that the delay estimation using high order moments is very accurate compared with SPICE simulation and our approach can reduce the maximum rising delay by over 60% with small penalty in routing area. Besides delay optimization, the final solution eliminates the over-shoot of response waveform and is robust under parameter variations.
{"title":"A sensitivity-based wiresizing approach to interconnect optimization of lossy transmission line topologies","authors":"T. Xue, E. Kuh, Qingjian Yu","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510780","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a sensitivity-based wiresizing algorithm for interconnect delay optimization of lossy transmission line topology under MCM technologies. Our approach computes the maximum delay and its sensitivities with respect to the widths of wires in the topology via high order moments based on an exact moment matching model. Compared with other approaches, it achieves analytical sensitivity computation and calculates higher order moments (sensitivities) recursively from lower order moments for tree network. It can yield optimal wiresizing solution for interconnect delay minimization. Experiments show that the delay estimation using high order moments is very accurate compared with SPICE simulation and our approach can reduce the maximum rising delay by over 60% with small penalty in routing area. Besides delay optimization, the final solution eliminates the over-shoot of response waveform and is robust under parameter variations.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131571126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510763
G. Bolotin
This paper presents a flexible, computer architecture based on stacked interchangeable modules. The architecture is ideally suited to implementation using stacked multichip modules (MCMs). The architecture, by making use of all sides of a module stack, allows simple, single bussed modules, together with a gate-way module, to be easily configured into a variety of more complicated architectures.
{"title":"Space-cube: a flexible computer architecture based on stacked modules","authors":"G. Bolotin","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510763","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a flexible, computer architecture based on stacked interchangeable modules. The architecture is ideally suited to implementation using stacked multichip modules (MCMs). The architecture, by making use of all sides of a module stack, allows simple, single bussed modules, together with a gate-way module, to be easily configured into a variety of more complicated architectures.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114874822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510775
P. Dehkordi, T. Powell, D. Bouldin
This paper discusses the design and development of a general-purpose programmable DSP subsystem packaged in a multichip module. The subsystem contains a 32-bit floating-point programmable DSP processor along with 256 K-byte of SRAM; 128 K-byte of FLASH memory, 10 K-gate FPGA and a 6-channel 12-bit ADC. The complete subsystem is interconnected on a 37 mm by 37 mm MCM-D substrate and packaged in a 320-pin ceramic quad flat pack. The design has been submitted to the MIDAS brokerage service to be fabricated by Micro Module Systems. Our experience shows that low-volume MCM prototyping is achievable and somewhat affordable for universities. The design flow electrical and thermal analyses, CAD tools, cost and lessons learned are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Development of a DSP/MCM subsystem assessing low-volume, low-cost MCM prototyping for universities","authors":"P. Dehkordi, T. Powell, D. Bouldin","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510775","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design and development of a general-purpose programmable DSP subsystem packaged in a multichip module. The subsystem contains a 32-bit floating-point programmable DSP processor along with 256 K-byte of SRAM; 128 K-byte of FLASH memory, 10 K-gate FPGA and a 6-channel 12-bit ADC. The complete subsystem is interconnected on a 37 mm by 37 mm MCM-D substrate and packaged in a 320-pin ceramic quad flat pack. The design has been submitted to the MIDAS brokerage service to be fabricated by Micro Module Systems. Our experience shows that low-volume MCM prototyping is achievable and somewhat affordable for universities. The design flow electrical and thermal analyses, CAD tools, cost and lessons learned are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127113395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510795
A. Kahng, S. Muddu
With fast switching speeds and large interconnect trees (MCMs), the resistance and inductance of interconnect has a dominant impact on logic gate delay. In this paper, we propose a new /spl Pi/ model for distributed RC and RLC interconnects to estimate the driving point admittance at the output of a CMOS gate. Using this model we are able to compute the gate delay efficiently, within 25% of SPICE-computed delays. Our parameters depend only on total interconnect tree resistance and capacitance at the output of the gate, Previous "effective load capacitance" methods, applicable only for distributed RC interconnects, are based on /spl Pi/ model parameters obtained via a recursive admittance moment computation. Our model should be useful for iterative optimization of performance-driven routing or for estimation of gate delay and rise times in high-level synthesis.
{"title":"Efficient gate delay modeling for large interconnect loads","authors":"A. Kahng, S. Muddu","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510795","url":null,"abstract":"With fast switching speeds and large interconnect trees (MCMs), the resistance and inductance of interconnect has a dominant impact on logic gate delay. In this paper, we propose a new /spl Pi/ model for distributed RC and RLC interconnects to estimate the driving point admittance at the output of a CMOS gate. Using this model we are able to compute the gate delay efficiently, within 25% of SPICE-computed delays. Our parameters depend only on total interconnect tree resistance and capacitance at the output of the gate, Previous \"effective load capacitance\" methods, applicable only for distributed RC interconnects, are based on /spl Pi/ model parameters obtained via a recursive admittance moment computation. Our model should be useful for iterative optimization of performance-driven routing or for estimation of gate delay and rise times in high-level synthesis.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127160639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510774
J. Peltier, W. Hansford
The MCM Designers' Access Service (MIDAS) allows designers to obtain prototype and small quantities of MCMs. The service currently maintains relationships with several MCM-D foundries, including: nChip in San Jose, CA; Micromodule Systems (MMS) in Cupertino, CA; and IBM Microelectrons in Hopewell Junction, NY. MIDAS provides a low-cost service achieved through a multi-project environment where the customers share tooling and substrate manufacturing costs. The service offers design support, distributes foundry design kits, groups the projects onto regularly scheduled runs, places orders, and supplies fully assembled modules. As well, MIDAS offers a limited selection of open-tooled, second-level packages, bare tested die (KGD), and test sockets. MIDAS functions as a technology enabler by supplying the designer with an interface "transparent" to the fabricator and common to multiple vendors. Foundries prefer to work with a single source who coordinates the details of user interactions. Thus, they avoid dealing with multiple customers and spare valuable overhead. The service operates on an on-going basis and has delivered modules to customers from each foundry. Commercial, military and educational/research institutions utilize the service. This paper discusses the background and current status of MIDAS. Additionally, plans for accessing mixed signal MCM technologies and flip chip bumping and assembly are reviewed.
{"title":"Flexible access to MCM technology via the multichip module designers' access service (MIDAS)","authors":"J. Peltier, W. Hansford","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510774","url":null,"abstract":"The MCM Designers' Access Service (MIDAS) allows designers to obtain prototype and small quantities of MCMs. The service currently maintains relationships with several MCM-D foundries, including: nChip in San Jose, CA; Micromodule Systems (MMS) in Cupertino, CA; and IBM Microelectrons in Hopewell Junction, NY. MIDAS provides a low-cost service achieved through a multi-project environment where the customers share tooling and substrate manufacturing costs. The service offers design support, distributes foundry design kits, groups the projects onto regularly scheduled runs, places orders, and supplies fully assembled modules. As well, MIDAS offers a limited selection of open-tooled, second-level packages, bare tested die (KGD), and test sockets. MIDAS functions as a technology enabler by supplying the designer with an interface \"transparent\" to the fabricator and common to multiple vendors. Foundries prefer to work with a single source who coordinates the details of user interactions. Thus, they avoid dealing with multiple customers and spare valuable overhead. The service operates on an on-going basis and has delivered modules to customers from each foundry. Commercial, military and educational/research institutions utilize the service. This paper discusses the background and current status of MIDAS. Additionally, plans for accessing mixed signal MCM technologies and flip chip bumping and assembly are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121762379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510768
K. Sienski, C. Field, C. Schreiner, M. Chivers
Mixed signal designs consisting of analog and digital components bridge the gap between the sensor and data processor in a broad range of systems. As digital MCM technology matures, it becomes feasible to consider incorporating more of a system on a single substrate. In many cases, the opportunity for expansion lies in the analog and digital conversion circuitry. This paper describes the development of a mixed signal module that integrates an A/D converter and digital sub-band tuner in a single MCM. Physical isolation structures are developed to shield the analog signals from electromagnetic noise generated by the digital circuitry. A laser customized rapid prototyping technique is used to implement the design on an MCM-D substrate.
{"title":"Mixed signal digital sub-band tuner multichip module","authors":"K. Sienski, C. Field, C. Schreiner, M. Chivers","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510768","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed signal designs consisting of analog and digital components bridge the gap between the sensor and data processor in a broad range of systems. As digital MCM technology matures, it becomes feasible to consider incorporating more of a system on a single substrate. In many cases, the opportunity for expansion lies in the analog and digital conversion circuitry. This paper describes the development of a mixed signal module that integrates an A/D converter and digital sub-band tuner in a single MCM. Physical isolation structures are developed to shield the analog signals from electromagnetic noise generated by the digital circuitry. A laser customized rapid prototyping technique is used to implement the design on an MCM-D substrate.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114378748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510781
J. Parkerson, L. Schaper
A design implementation package for the automation of advanced IMP MCM topologies has been developed. The IMPS topology is a patented development of the University of Arkansas which allows a complete MCM with low impedance power distribution and dense signal interconnect, to be built on only two metal layers. The IMPS topology consists of a large number of interwoven power distribution lines. The large volume of layout structures in the IMPS topology, requires the assistance of a computer-aided design package. This paper describes advanced IMPS topologies and how the IMPS design package, along with Mentor Graphics MCM Design Station, implement the different types of meshes. An example design is used to illustrate the use of the methodology. The advanced IMPS topologies described include the nonuniform IMPS mesh, which allows for higher signal interconnect density at congested locations; the partitioned IMPS mesh, which allows for different mesh structures at different locations in the same design and the asymmetric IMPS mesh, which allows for variations in power supply impedances.
{"title":"Advanced interconnected mesh power system (IMPS) MCM topologies","authors":"J. Parkerson, L. Schaper","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510781","url":null,"abstract":"A design implementation package for the automation of advanced IMP MCM topologies has been developed. The IMPS topology is a patented development of the University of Arkansas which allows a complete MCM with low impedance power distribution and dense signal interconnect, to be built on only two metal layers. The IMPS topology consists of a large number of interwoven power distribution lines. The large volume of layout structures in the IMPS topology, requires the assistance of a computer-aided design package. This paper describes advanced IMPS topologies and how the IMPS design package, along with Mentor Graphics MCM Design Station, implement the different types of meshes. An example design is used to illustrate the use of the methodology. The advanced IMPS topologies described include the nonuniform IMPS mesh, which allows for higher signal interconnect density at congested locations; the partitioned IMPS mesh, which allows for different mesh structures at different locations in the same design and the asymmetric IMPS mesh, which allows for variations in power supply impedances.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123054755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-06DOI: 10.1109/MCMC.1996.510778
W. Hong, W. Sun, W. Wei-Ming Dai
Measured Equation of Invariance (MEI) is a new concept in computational electromagnetics. It has been demonstrated that the MEI is such an efficient boundary truncation technique that the meshes can be terminated very close to the object and still strictly preserves the sparsity of the FD equations. Therefore, the final system matrix encountered by MEI is a sparse matrix with size similar to that of integral equation methods. However, complicated Green's function and disagreeable Sommerfeld integrals make the traditional MEI very difficult, if not impossible, to be applied to analyze multilayer and multiconductor interconnects. In this paper, we propose the Geometry Independent MEI (GIMEI) which substantially improved the original MEI method. We use GIMEI for capacitance extraction of general two-dimension VLSI multilayer and multiconductor interconnect. Numerical results are in good agreement with various published data. We also include a simple three-dimensional example and compared GIMEI with FASTCAP from MIT. The accuracy is maintained while GIMEI care generally an order of magnitude faster than FASTCAP with much less memory usage.
{"title":"Fast parameters extraction of multilayer and multiconductor interconnects using geometry independent measured equation of invariance","authors":"W. Hong, W. Sun, W. Wei-Ming Dai","doi":"10.1109/MCMC.1996.510778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCMC.1996.510778","url":null,"abstract":"Measured Equation of Invariance (MEI) is a new concept in computational electromagnetics. It has been demonstrated that the MEI is such an efficient boundary truncation technique that the meshes can be terminated very close to the object and still strictly preserves the sparsity of the FD equations. Therefore, the final system matrix encountered by MEI is a sparse matrix with size similar to that of integral equation methods. However, complicated Green's function and disagreeable Sommerfeld integrals make the traditional MEI very difficult, if not impossible, to be applied to analyze multilayer and multiconductor interconnects. In this paper, we propose the Geometry Independent MEI (GIMEI) which substantially improved the original MEI method. We use GIMEI for capacitance extraction of general two-dimension VLSI multilayer and multiconductor interconnect. Numerical results are in good agreement with various published data. We also include a simple three-dimensional example and compared GIMEI with FASTCAP from MIT. The accuracy is maintained while GIMEI care generally an order of magnitude faster than FASTCAP with much less memory usage.","PeriodicalId":126969,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Multi-Chip Module Conference (Cat. No.96CH35893)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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