Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469815
Ahmed Hamed Ahmed Adam;Jiawei Chen;Minghan Xu;Salah Kamel;Ghazally I. Y. Mustafa;Zaki A. Zaki;Emad M. Ahmed
DC microgrids, which use various energy sources, require an energy storage system (ESS) to stabilize the grid systems. Multiport active bridge (MAB) bidirectional DC-DC converters offer several advantages over other converters, including higher power density, bidirectional functionality, reduced component counts, soft switching ability, and a reduced number of conversion stages. However, these converters are affected by the cross-coupling effect of the control variable, with the power dissipated at each port significantly impacting the system response to step changes. This causes unstable DC bus voltage, slow dynamic response, large overshoot, and limits its reliability. To address this issue, a power decoupling with feedforward compensation based on model predictive control (MPC) and fuzzy compensation control (FCC) was developed. The proposed control strategy can achieve good transient performance (lower settling time, overshoot/undershoot in the controlled variables), excellent decoupling control performance, and high control flexibility with good precision to comply with DC voltage regulations. This article investigates the PD-MPC-FCC and its implementation in a triple active bridge (TAB) converter with multi-winding high-frequency transformers. The proposed MPC-FFC integrates MPC with fuzzy compensation control. The MPC aims to obtain more precise current reference values and implement current feedforward control to stabilize the DC bus voltage, while the FCC adaptively compensates for steady-state voltage errors. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental case study using Typhoon 602 validates the TAB converter’s performance with the proposed PD-MPC-FCC strategy. Additionally, a comparison with previous works confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. The HIL experimental setup and comparative analysis results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, providing faster dynamic characteristics and port power decoupling operation capability.
{"title":"Power Decoupling Enhancement of a Triple Active Bridge Converter With Feedforward Compensation Based on Model Predictive Control and Fuzzy Logic Controller in DC Microgrid Systems","authors":"Ahmed Hamed Ahmed Adam;Jiawei Chen;Minghan Xu;Salah Kamel;Ghazally I. Y. Mustafa;Zaki A. Zaki;Emad M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469815","url":null,"abstract":"DC microgrids, which use various energy sources, require an energy storage system (ESS) to stabilize the grid systems. Multiport active bridge (MAB) bidirectional DC-DC converters offer several advantages over other converters, including higher power density, bidirectional functionality, reduced component counts, soft switching ability, and a reduced number of conversion stages. However, these converters are affected by the cross-coupling effect of the control variable, with the power dissipated at each port significantly impacting the system response to step changes. This causes unstable DC bus voltage, slow dynamic response, large overshoot, and limits its reliability. To address this issue, a power decoupling with feedforward compensation based on model predictive control (MPC) and fuzzy compensation control (FCC) was developed. The proposed control strategy can achieve good transient performance (lower settling time, overshoot/undershoot in the controlled variables), excellent decoupling control performance, and high control flexibility with good precision to comply with DC voltage regulations. This article investigates the PD-MPC-FCC and its implementation in a triple active bridge (TAB) converter with multi-winding high-frequency transformers. The proposed MPC-FFC integrates MPC with fuzzy compensation control. The MPC aims to obtain more precise current reference values and implement current feedforward control to stabilize the DC bus voltage, while the FCC adaptively compensates for steady-state voltage errors. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental case study using Typhoon 602 validates the TAB converter’s performance with the proposed PD-MPC-FCC strategy. Additionally, a comparison with previous works confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. The HIL experimental setup and comparative analysis results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, providing faster dynamic characteristics and port power decoupling operation capability.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469631
Joseph Tang Ching Seng;Jun Jiat Tiang;Surajo Muhammad;Yew Chiong Lo
This paper presents a wide incident angle, wideband, and polarization-insensitive unit cell frequency-selective surface (FSS) on single- and double-glazing glass. The 5G signal losses due to the shielding of building materials lead to high penetration losses that degrade the data rates, energy, and spectral density. The transmission coefficient of glass is lower than that of the materials used in buildings. So, investigating and enhancing radio frequency signal losses on glassy windows at sub-6GHz frequency band is crucial to increase the transmission coefficient. This paper uses three different transparent materials: ITO-PET film, silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a polymer substrate, and silver on a pet substrate as an FSS coating material for glassy windows to enhance the transmission coefficient at the n77 and n78 bands. The optimization of unit cell parameters was implemented using the Trust Region Framework (TRF) algorithm. The investigation for single and double glazing has shown that the thicker the glass, the lower the transmission coefficient. Moreover, the simulation result of the proposed FSS can support up to ${85}^{o}$ and ${75}^{o}$ for single- and double-glazing glass, respectively. A maximum of 17 dB enhancement was obtained from single-glazing glass, and a maximum of 10 dB enhancement was obtained from double-glazing glass. Thus, the designed FSS structure can enhance 5G signal transmission from outdoors to indoors.
{"title":"Investigation and Enhancement of Radio Frequency Signal Losses of Glassy Window","authors":"Joseph Tang Ching Seng;Jun Jiat Tiang;Surajo Muhammad;Yew Chiong Lo","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469631","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a wide incident angle, wideband, and polarization-insensitive unit cell frequency-selective surface (FSS) on single- and double-glazing glass. The 5G signal losses due to the shielding of building materials lead to high penetration losses that degrade the data rates, energy, and spectral density. The transmission coefficient of glass is lower than that of the materials used in buildings. So, investigating and enhancing radio frequency signal losses on glassy windows at sub-6GHz frequency band is crucial to increase the transmission coefficient. This paper uses three different transparent materials: ITO-PET film, silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a polymer substrate, and silver on a pet substrate as an FSS coating material for glassy windows to enhance the transmission coefficient at the n77 and n78 bands. The optimization of unit cell parameters was implemented using the Trust Region Framework (TRF) algorithm. The investigation for single and double glazing has shown that the thicker the glass, the lower the transmission coefficient. Moreover, the simulation result of the proposed FSS can support up to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${85}^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${75}^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for single- and double-glazing glass, respectively. A maximum of 17 dB enhancement was obtained from single-glazing glass, and a maximum of 10 dB enhancement was obtained from double-glazing glass. Thus, the designed FSS structure can enhance 5G signal transmission from outdoors to indoors.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469636
Nojoom A. Alnajem;Manal Binkhonain;M. Shamim Hossain
Detecting semantic similarity between textual requirements is a crucial task for various natural language processing (NLP)-based requirements engineering (RE) applications. It is also challenging due to the nature of these requirements, which are written in natural language (NL), include domain knowledge, and often follow pre-defined templates that contain duplicated words. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown promising results in measuring semantic similarity between texts. Siamese neural networks (SNNs), a class of DNNs, are widely used for measuring similarity between various data types, demonstrating their capability and independence of language and domain. Nevertheless, SNNs have a limited use in measuring semantic requirements similarity (SRS). In this paper, a novel metric-based learning method is proposed using SNNs that combines a sentence Transformer model (LLM) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks with a backward network layer to measure semantic similarity between pairs of requirements. The proposed method is evaluated on an annotated SRS dataset that was built based on public datasets (i.e., PROMISE and PURE) and compared with other state-of-the-art methods (i.e., fine-tuning and zero-shot methods) using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score classification metrics. The results show that the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 95.42% and an F1-score of 95.71%, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.
{"title":"Siamese Neural Networks Method for Semantic Requirements Similarity Detection","authors":"Nojoom A. Alnajem;Manal Binkhonain;M. Shamim Hossain","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469636","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting semantic similarity between textual requirements is a crucial task for various natural language processing (NLP)-based requirements engineering (RE) applications. It is also challenging due to the nature of these requirements, which are written in natural language (NL), include domain knowledge, and often follow pre-defined templates that contain duplicated words. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown promising results in measuring semantic similarity between texts. Siamese neural networks (SNNs), a class of DNNs, are widely used for measuring similarity between various data types, demonstrating their capability and independence of language and domain. Nevertheless, SNNs have a limited use in measuring semantic requirements similarity (SRS). In this paper, a novel metric-based learning method is proposed using SNNs that combines a sentence Transformer model (LLM) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks with a backward network layer to measure semantic similarity between pairs of requirements. The proposed method is evaluated on an annotated SRS dataset that was built based on public datasets (i.e., PROMISE and PURE) and compared with other state-of-the-art methods (i.e., fine-tuning and zero-shot methods) using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score classification metrics. The results show that the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 95.42% and an F1-score of 95.71%, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469248
Juanita Zainudin;Nazlena Mohamad Ali;Alan F. Smeaton;Mohamad Taha Ijab
Widely distributed misinformation shared across social media channels is a pressing issue that poses a significant threat to many aspects of society’s well-being. Inaccurate shared information causes confusion, can adversely affect mental health, and can lead to mis-informed decision-making. Therefore, it is important to implement proactive measures to intervene and curb the spread of misinformation where possible. This has prompted scholars to investigate a variety of intervention strategies for misinformation sharing on social media. This study explores the typology of intervention strategies for addressing misinformation sharing on social media, identifying 4 important clusters – cognition-based, automated-based, information-based, and hybrid-based. The literature selection process utilized the PRISMA method to ensure a systematic and comprehensive analysis of relevant literature while maintaining transparency and reproducibility. A total of 139 articles published from 2013–2023 were then analyzed. Meanwhile, bibliometric analyses were conducted using performance analysis and science mapping techniques for the typology development. A comparative analysis of the typology was conducted to reveal patterns and evolution in the field. This provides valuable insights for both theory and practical applications. Overall, the study concludes that scholarly contributions to scientific research and publication help to address research gaps and expand knowledge in this field. Understanding the evolution of intervention strategies for misinformation sharing on social media can support future research that contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable solutions to this persistent problem.
{"title":"Intervention Strategies for Misinformation Sharing on Social Media: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"Juanita Zainudin;Nazlena Mohamad Ali;Alan F. Smeaton;Mohamad Taha Ijab","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469248","url":null,"abstract":"Widely distributed misinformation shared across social media channels is a pressing issue that poses a significant threat to many aspects of society’s well-being. Inaccurate shared information causes confusion, can adversely affect mental health, and can lead to mis-informed decision-making. Therefore, it is important to implement proactive measures to intervene and curb the spread of misinformation where possible. This has prompted scholars to investigate a variety of intervention strategies for misinformation sharing on social media. This study explores the typology of intervention strategies for addressing misinformation sharing on social media, identifying 4 important clusters – cognition-based, automated-based, information-based, and hybrid-based. The literature selection process utilized the PRISMA method to ensure a systematic and comprehensive analysis of relevant literature while maintaining transparency and reproducibility. A total of 139 articles published from 2013–2023 were then analyzed. Meanwhile, bibliometric analyses were conducted using performance analysis and science mapping techniques for the typology development. A comparative analysis of the typology was conducted to reveal patterns and evolution in the field. This provides valuable insights for both theory and practical applications. Overall, the study concludes that scholarly contributions to scientific research and publication help to address research gaps and expand knowledge in this field. Understanding the evolution of intervention strategies for misinformation sharing on social media can support future research that contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable solutions to this persistent problem.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469368
K. B. Ajitha Shenoy
Finding the shortest vector in a lattice is a NP-hard problem. The best known approximation algorithm for this problem is LLL algorithm with the approximation factor of $alpha ^{frac {n-1}{2}}$ , $alpha geq frac {4}{3}$ , which is not a good approximation factor. This work proposes a new polynomial time approximation algorithm for the shortest lattice vector problem. The proposed method makes use of only integer arithmetic and does not require Gram-Schmidt orthogonal basis for generating reduced basis. The proposed method is able to obtain an approximation factor of $frac {1}{(1-delta)}$ , where $0 leq delta lt 1$ .
{"title":"A Novel Approximation Algorithm for the Shortest Vector Problem","authors":"K. B. Ajitha Shenoy","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469368","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the shortest vector in a lattice is a NP-hard problem. The best known approximation algorithm for this problem is LLL algorithm with the approximation factor of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha ^{frac {n-1}{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha geq frac {4}{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, which is not a good approximation factor. This work proposes a new polynomial time approximation algorithm for the shortest lattice vector problem. The proposed method makes use of only integer arithmetic and does not require Gram-Schmidt orthogonal basis for generating reduced basis. The proposed method is able to obtain an approximation factor of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$frac {1}{(1-delta)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, where \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0 leq delta lt 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469089
Ibrahim Taabane;Daniel Menard;Anass Mansouri;Selima Sahraoui;Ali Ahaitouf
The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, finalized in 2020 by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) and the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG), marks a major advancement in video compression technology, offering a 50% efficiency improvement over its predecessor, the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. A key innovation in the VVC standard is the Quad Tree with nested Multi-Type Tree (QTMTT) structure, essential for the partitioning process. However, this enhancement has led to increased coding complexity, posing challenges for real-time applications. To address this, our paper focuses on optimizing the partitioning process in the VVC encoder under the Random Access (RA) configuration. We propose a novel approach that leverages inter-prediction by integrating both coding and motion information across inter-frames to enhance coding efficiency. This solution is implemented on the Fraunhofer Versatile Video Encoder (VVenC). It utilizes a set of lightweight Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) binary classifiers to accurately predict the optimal split mode for each Coding Unit (CU). Consequently, our approach significantly accelerates the VVenC encoding process. Experimental results show that our method reduces the runtime of the slower preset by 43.21%, with only a slight bitrate increase of 2.9%. These improvements not only significantly reduce computational complexity but also outperform several existing state-of-the-art methods.
{"title":"Low Complexity Learning-Based QTMTT Partitioning Scheme for Inter Coding in VVC Encoder","authors":"Ibrahim Taabane;Daniel Menard;Anass Mansouri;Selima Sahraoui;Ali Ahaitouf","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469089","url":null,"abstract":"The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, finalized in 2020 by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) and the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG), marks a major advancement in video compression technology, offering a 50% efficiency improvement over its predecessor, the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. A key innovation in the VVC standard is the Quad Tree with nested Multi-Type Tree (QTMTT) structure, essential for the partitioning process. However, this enhancement has led to increased coding complexity, posing challenges for real-time applications. To address this, our paper focuses on optimizing the partitioning process in the VVC encoder under the Random Access (RA) configuration. We propose a novel approach that leverages inter-prediction by integrating both coding and motion information across inter-frames to enhance coding efficiency. This solution is implemented on the Fraunhofer Versatile Video Encoder (VVenC). It utilizes a set of lightweight Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) binary classifiers to accurately predict the optimal split mode for each Coding Unit (CU). Consequently, our approach significantly accelerates the VVenC encoding process. Experimental results show that our method reduces the runtime of the slower preset by 43.21%, with only a slight bitrate increase of 2.9%. These improvements not only significantly reduce computational complexity but also outperform several existing state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469270
Zichao Yang;Rongrong Pan
Digitalization is now playing an empowering role in the process of servitization, which changes the approach to product and service delivery for service-oriented manufacturers (SM) and sales service integrators (SSI). However, few studies concentrate on the pricing and coordination of the product service supply chain (PSSC) under digital transformation. The purpose of the study is to explore how digitalization supports servitization and enables value co-creation among stakeholders in the supply chain by influencing pricing decisions. We take the automobile manufacturing industry as an example, and construct a two-stage Stackelberg game model of PSSC considering the product network externality and service digitalization level. The optimal pricing strategies under centralized and decentralized decisions are given, and the coordination contract of PSSC is designed. The results show that the optimal values of variables in the digital environment are higher in general than in the non-digital environment. The emphasis of SM on digitalization is positively related to the product network externality, the service delivery advantage, the digitalization level, and the profit of advanced services. We also find that basic and advanced services of SSI are gradually losing the potential to create value, whereas the advanced service of SM continues to generate higher profits. Service delivery advantages of SM and SSI can enhance the profitability of advanced services. The dual revenue-sharing contract can realize the coordination of PSSC. The results contribute to related studies on digitalization, servitization, as well as pricing and coordination in the product service supply chain.
{"title":"Pricing and Coordination Strategy of Product Service Supply Chain Under Digital Transformation","authors":"Zichao Yang;Rongrong Pan","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469270","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization is now playing an empowering role in the process of servitization, which changes the approach to product and service delivery for service-oriented manufacturers (SM) and sales service integrators (SSI). However, few studies concentrate on the pricing and coordination of the product service supply chain (PSSC) under digital transformation. The purpose of the study is to explore how digitalization supports servitization and enables value co-creation among stakeholders in the supply chain by influencing pricing decisions. We take the automobile manufacturing industry as an example, and construct a two-stage Stackelberg game model of PSSC considering the product network externality and service digitalization level. The optimal pricing strategies under centralized and decentralized decisions are given, and the coordination contract of PSSC is designed. The results show that the optimal values of variables in the digital environment are higher in general than in the non-digital environment. The emphasis of SM on digitalization is positively related to the product network externality, the service delivery advantage, the digitalization level, and the profit of advanced services. We also find that basic and advanced services of SSI are gradually losing the potential to create value, whereas the advanced service of SM continues to generate higher profits. Service delivery advantages of SM and SSI can enhance the profitability of advanced services. The dual revenue-sharing contract can realize the coordination of PSSC. The results contribute to related studies on digitalization, servitization, as well as pricing and coordination in the product service supply chain.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469570
Yuxiang Ouyang;Guiyi Li;Siyu Linlong
The terminal airspace is considered the most complex area within the air traffic system, as it encompasses multiple nearby airports whose operations are interdependent, thereby increasing the complexity of management. A thorough understanding of airspace traffic patterns and operational characteristics is crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of air traffic. The paper proposes a data-driven analysis framework for traffic patterns in multi-airport terminal airspace. This framework utilizes machine learning methods applied to airport arrival and departure trajectory data to explore the operational characteristics within the terminal airspace. The framework comprises (i) a trajectory pattern identification module, which identifies trajectory patterns from a large volume of trajectories and analyzes the characteristics of these patterns, and (ii) a traffic flow pattern identification module, which utilizes the trajectory pattern to identify traffic flow patterns within the terminal airspace, thereby characterizing the operational structure of airspace traffic flows and the spatiotemporal dependency between trajectory patterns. This framework can analyze the operational characteristics of trajectory patterns, route intersections, and traffic flow patterns within the airport terminal area. It helps managers better understand aircraft behavior in the terminal area, identify risk locations at intersections in the airspace, and reveal typical traffic flow structures. This supports the optimization of terminal area airspace structure and provides decision-making tools. By analyzing the terminal airspace operations of two airports in Shanghai (ZSPD and ZSSS), the framework’s outcomes and capabilities are demonstrated. The study found that the airspace design of ZSPD is relatively complex, identifying multiple prevalent trajectory patterns. It also revealed that the airspace traffic flow structure exhibits certain temporal regularities, which aids in predicting the airspace’s operational structure and capacity, thereby facilitating informed decision-making.
{"title":"A Data-Driven Framework for Operational Analysis and Traffic Pattern Identification in Multi-Airport Terminals","authors":"Yuxiang Ouyang;Guiyi Li;Siyu Linlong","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469570","url":null,"abstract":"The terminal airspace is considered the most complex area within the air traffic system, as it encompasses multiple nearby airports whose operations are interdependent, thereby increasing the complexity of management. A thorough understanding of airspace traffic patterns and operational characteristics is crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of air traffic. The paper proposes a data-driven analysis framework for traffic patterns in multi-airport terminal airspace. This framework utilizes machine learning methods applied to airport arrival and departure trajectory data to explore the operational characteristics within the terminal airspace. The framework comprises (i) a trajectory pattern identification module, which identifies trajectory patterns from a large volume of trajectories and analyzes the characteristics of these patterns, and (ii) a traffic flow pattern identification module, which utilizes the trajectory pattern to identify traffic flow patterns within the terminal airspace, thereby characterizing the operational structure of airspace traffic flows and the spatiotemporal dependency between trajectory patterns. This framework can analyze the operational characteristics of trajectory patterns, route intersections, and traffic flow patterns within the airport terminal area. It helps managers better understand aircraft behavior in the terminal area, identify risk locations at intersections in the airspace, and reveal typical traffic flow structures. This supports the optimization of terminal area airspace structure and provides decision-making tools. By analyzing the terminal airspace operations of two airports in Shanghai (ZSPD and ZSSS), the framework’s outcomes and capabilities are demonstrated. The study found that the airspace design of ZSPD is relatively complex, identifying multiple prevalent trajectory patterns. It also revealed that the airspace traffic flow structure exhibits certain temporal regularities, which aids in predicting the airspace’s operational structure and capacity, thereby facilitating informed decision-making.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This systematic review investigates compression algorithms for three-dimensional content, focusing on recent advancements. It categorizes the methodologies into traditional, learning-based, and semantic approaches. The review includes 52 studies selected based on criteria including publication date, peer review status, and relevance to the field. The analysis highlights the significant contributions of learning-based and semantic techniques in advancing 3D content compression. Notably, some reviewed learning-based methods demonstrated over 95% improvement in rate optimization compared to standard point cloud compression methods. Despite the comprehensive coverage, the review acknowledges certain limitations due to potential biases in study selection and the inherent heterogeneity of the included research. The findings underscore the importance of continued exploration in learning-based and semantic compression for enhancing the efficiency and applicability of 3D content technologies.
{"title":"A Systematic Survey Into Compression Algorithms for Three-Dimensional Content","authors":"Ivaylo Bozhilov;Radostina Petkova;Krasimir Tonchev;Agata Manolova","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469549","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review investigates compression algorithms for three-dimensional content, focusing on recent advancements. It categorizes the methodologies into traditional, learning-based, and semantic approaches. The review includes 52 studies selected based on criteria including publication date, peer review status, and relevance to the field. The analysis highlights the significant contributions of learning-based and semantic techniques in advancing 3D content compression. Notably, some reviewed learning-based methods demonstrated over 95% improvement in rate optimization compared to standard point cloud compression methods. Despite the comprehensive coverage, the review acknowledges certain limitations due to potential biases in study selection and the inherent heterogeneity of the included research. The findings underscore the importance of continued exploration in learning-based and semantic compression for enhancing the efficiency and applicability of 3D content technologies.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motors for electric drive systems applied to electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) need to be compact and to have high power density to reduce vehicle weight, to expand the living space, and to lower costs. Several means of reducing the size of motors can be utilized. In this study, we focused on shortening the axial length of the stator coil. The axial length of the entire motor can be shortened by reducing the axial length of the stator coil end, and the length of the frame that houses the motor can be reduced. In our previous report, we proposed a permanent magnet synchronous motor that has a stator consisting of a stator coil with rectangular wires joined at the axial center of the stator core to shorten the axial length of the entire motor. However, one of the issues with the proposed coil, the possibility of the coil falling off due to thermal stresses generated in the coil, had not been considered. In addition, a large difference was found between the measured and analyzed coil temperatures, along with a problem in the evaluation of high-frequency iron loss. As a result, thermal stress could not be evaluated accurately. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate the thermal stress of the coil. The study, reported herein, included an investigation on the effect of harmonic iron loss on the temperature of various parts of the motor to improve the accuracy of loss analysis. We directly measured the iron loss of electromagnetic steel sheets at various frequencies to investigate up to what frequency the iron loss data used in the building factor calculation for the iron loss analysis would be required. Then, temperature analysis was performed at the operating point under the most severe temperature conditions, and shear stress was evaluated using the calculated temperatures of each part to determine whether or not the welding-less coils would pull out. As a result of our review, the maximum frequency of iron loss data for electromagnetic steel sheets used to calculate the building factor for iron loss calculations was found to be at least 20 kHz. In addition, the coil temperature was within ±10 K of the value obtained when the motor was designed under the condition of no mating area, and the motor with the welding-less coil exhibited the same characteristics as those of the designed value. In the next step, the coil’s adhesion strength exceeding the thermal stress, we found that the insulation configuration did not break under thermal stress and that coil dislocation did not occur. Therefore, we found that the welding-less coils are useful as coils constituting a motor.
应用于电动汽车（EV）和插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）的电力驱动系统的电机需要结构紧凑、功率密度高，以减轻车重、扩大生存空间并降低成本。缩小电机尺寸的方法有多种。在本研究中，我们重点关注缩短定子线圈的轴向长度。通过缩短定子线圈端部的轴向长度，可以缩短整个电机的轴向长度，同时还可以缩短容纳电机的机架长度。在我们之前的报告中，我们提出了一种永磁同步电机，其定子由定子线圈组成，矩形导线在定子铁芯的轴向中心连接，从而缩短了整个电机的轴向长度。然而，拟议线圈的一个问题，即线圈中产生的热应力导致线圈脱落的可能性，并未得到考虑。此外，还发现测量和分析的线圈温度之间存在很大差异，而且在评估高频铁损时也存在问题。因此，无法准确评估热应力。因此，我们进行了一项初步研究，以评估线圈的热应力。本文报告的研究包括谐波铁损对电机各部分温度影响的调查，以提高损耗分析的准确性。我们直接测量了电磁钢板在不同频率下的铁损，以研究铁损分析的建筑系数计算中使用的铁损数据需要达到什么频率。然后，在最恶劣温度条件下的工作点进行温度分析，并利用计算得出的各部分温度评估剪应力，以确定无焊接线圈是否会拉断。经过审查，我们发现用于计算铁损计算建筑系数的电磁钢板铁损数据的最大频率至少为 20 千赫。此外，线圈温度与在无接合区条件下设计电机时获得的值在±10 K 范围内，无焊接线圈的电机表现出与设计值相同的特性。在下一步，即线圈的粘附强度超过热应力时，我们发现绝缘结构在热应力下没有断裂，线圈也没有发生错位。因此，我们发现无焊接线圈可用作构成电机的线圈。
{"title":"Evaluation of Adhesion Strength of Coils of a High-Speed Motor Applying Welding-Less Coils","authors":"Masanori Sawahata;Masahiro Hori;Takafumi Hara;Ryoichi Takahata","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469379","url":null,"abstract":"Motors for electric drive systems applied to electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) need to be compact and to have high power density to reduce vehicle weight, to expand the living space, and to lower costs. Several means of reducing the size of motors can be utilized. In this study, we focused on shortening the axial length of the stator coil. The axial length of the entire motor can be shortened by reducing the axial length of the stator coil end, and the length of the frame that houses the motor can be reduced. In our previous report, we proposed a permanent magnet synchronous motor that has a stator consisting of a stator coil with rectangular wires joined at the axial center of the stator core to shorten the axial length of the entire motor. However, one of the issues with the proposed coil, the possibility of the coil falling off due to thermal stresses generated in the coil, had not been considered. In addition, a large difference was found between the measured and analyzed coil temperatures, along with a problem in the evaluation of high-frequency iron loss. As a result, thermal stress could not be evaluated accurately. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate the thermal stress of the coil. The study, reported herein, included an investigation on the effect of harmonic iron loss on the temperature of various parts of the motor to improve the accuracy of loss analysis. We directly measured the iron loss of electromagnetic steel sheets at various frequencies to investigate up to what frequency the iron loss data used in the building factor calculation for the iron loss analysis would be required. Then, temperature analysis was performed at the operating point under the most severe temperature conditions, and shear stress was evaluated using the calculated temperatures of each part to determine whether or not the welding-less coils would pull out. As a result of our review, the maximum frequency of iron loss data for electromagnetic steel sheets used to calculate the building factor for iron loss calculations was found to be at least 20 kHz. In addition, the coil temperature was within ±10 K of the value obtained when the motor was designed under the condition of no mating area, and the motor with the welding-less coil exhibited the same characteristics as those of the designed value. In the next step, the coil’s adhesion strength exceeding the thermal stress, we found that the insulation configuration did not break under thermal stress and that coil dislocation did not occur. Therefore, we found that the welding-less coils are useful as coils constituting a motor.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10697180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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