An open cavity anti-resonant reflecting waveguide is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of salinity and temperature. Femtosecond laser micromachining is used to introduce a pair of open channels on a hollow core fiber (HCF) based anti-resonant reflecting waveguide. Results indicate that the anti-resonant reflecting guiding mechanism still exists even when large rectangular channels are introduced to the cavity wall. The strength of the anti-resonant reflecting effect is influenced by the geometric size of the rectangular channels. Sea water salinity measurement is realized with such a device. The intensity at the resonant wavelength increases with increasing salinity, exhibiting a sensitivity of 2.05 dB/% within a 2%-7% saline concentration range, while the transmission Dips shift toward shorter wavelength with a sensitivity of -0.84 nm/%. The temperature sensitivity is 0.049 nm/°C across a temperature range of 30°C-80°C. By tracing the wavelength change of two transmission Dips, the salinity and temperature can be determined simultaneously. The proposed device has advantages such as simple structure and fast response, which has promising applications in marine environmental science and medical biology.
{"title":"Open Cavity Anti-Resonant Reflecting Waveguide for Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature","authors":"Shuhui Liu;Ruiying Cao;Jin Qiu;Quanrong Deng;Wei Huang;Weijun Tong","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3609729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3609729","url":null,"abstract":"An open cavity anti-resonant reflecting waveguide is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of salinity and temperature. Femtosecond laser micromachining is used to introduce a pair of open channels on a hollow core fiber (HCF) based anti-resonant reflecting waveguide. Results indicate that the anti-resonant reflecting guiding mechanism still exists even when large rectangular channels are introduced to the cavity wall. The strength of the anti-resonant reflecting effect is influenced by the geometric size of the rectangular channels. Sea water salinity measurement is realized with such a device. The intensity at the resonant wavelength increases with increasing salinity, exhibiting a sensitivity of 2.05 dB/% within a 2%-7% saline concentration range, while the transmission Dips shift toward shorter wavelength with a sensitivity of -0.84 nm/%. The temperature sensitivity is 0.049 nm/°C across a temperature range of 30°C-80°C. By tracing the wavelength change of two transmission Dips, the salinity and temperature can be determined simultaneously. The proposed device has advantages such as simple structure and fast response, which has promising applications in marine environmental science and medical biology.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 6: Photon. for Climate Chng. Mitigation and Adapt.","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Port wine stains (PWS), congenital vascular malformation, affecting 3 ‰–5 ‰ of newborns, pose significant psychological and social challenges. Current treatments, including vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT), exhibit variable efficacy due to interpatient heterogeneity in vascular characteristics. Here, we present a multi-parametric quantitative method using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to characterize PWS lesions, analyzing 26 vascular indicators in 100 patients. Our method effectively discriminates patients with distinct therapeutic responses and identifies morphological vascular changes linked to treatment outcomes. By integrating quantitative vascular data with clinical parameters via machine learning, we developed a predictive model that distinguished no-response (NR) from moderate-improvement (MI) and high-improvement (HI) groups with accuracies of 75% and 91%, respectively. This study highlights the importance of understanding vascular pathology to advance personalized treatment strategies for PWS, offering a novel framework for non-invasive evaluation and management of vascular lesions.
{"title":"Multi-Parametric Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Quantifies Heterogeneous Therapeutic Responses in Port Wine Stains","authors":"Xiwan Zhang;Defu Chen;Jinbin Li;Xiaoyu Yang;Yidi Liu;Haixia Qiu;Ying Gu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3609623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3609623","url":null,"abstract":"Port wine stains (PWS), congenital vascular malformation, affecting 3 ‰–5 ‰ of newborns, pose significant psychological and social challenges. Current treatments, including vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT), exhibit variable efficacy due to interpatient heterogeneity in vascular characteristics. Here, we present a multi-parametric quantitative method using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to characterize PWS lesions, analyzing 26 vascular indicators in 100 patients. Our method effectively discriminates patients with distinct therapeutic responses and identifies morphological vascular changes linked to treatment outcomes. By integrating quantitative vascular data with clinical parameters via machine learning, we developed a predictive model that distinguished no-response (NR) from moderate-improvement (MI) and high-improvement (HI) groups with accuracies of 75% and 91%, respectively. This study highlights the importance of understanding vascular pathology to advance personalized treatment strategies for PWS, offering a novel framework for non-invasive evaluation and management of vascular lesions.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3607094
Francesco Nardo;Ricardo Barrios;Jan Tepper;Peter Krötz;Jonas Krimmer;Sebastian Randel
Optical fiber bundles (FBs) can offer significant benefits in the design of free-space optical communication systems. Until now, their primary use has been for imaging of difficultto- access areas in medical and chemical applications. This work explores the optical and communication properties of FBs as light guiders to connect multiple optical heads to a central laser communication terminal in high altitude platforms, specifically, on the properties of FBs as part of a receiver module. We characterize the optical properties of a 1.829 m-long FB from Schott AG, designed for image guiding of visible wavelengths, both at 850 nm and at 1550 nm. A 1.25 Gbit/s data transmission using on-off keying modulation at 1550 nm is demonstrated with bit error ratio (BER) measurements. To evaluate the impact of atmospheric turbulence, a spatial light modulator is used to simulate an air-to-air optical link between two aircrafts at an altitude of 10 km, separated by 20 km. Including transmission losses, to achieve a BER of $10^{-6}$, the FB introduces a link budget penalty of 6.55 dB in the absence of turbulence and 7.94 dB under turbulent conditions, compared to an optical link without it. Future improvements for FB performances in the infrared C-band are expected through optimized material selection.
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Optical Fiber Bundles for Free-Space Optical Communication in High-Altitude Platforms","authors":"Francesco Nardo;Ricardo Barrios;Jan Tepper;Peter Krötz;Jonas Krimmer;Sebastian Randel","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3607094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3607094","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber bundles (FBs) can offer significant benefits in the design of free-space optical communication systems. Until now, their primary use has been for imaging of difficultto- access areas in medical and chemical applications. This work explores the optical and communication properties of FBs as light guiders to connect multiple optical heads to a central laser communication terminal in high altitude platforms, specifically, on the properties of FBs as part of a receiver module. We characterize the optical properties of a 1.829 m-long FB from Schott AG, designed for image guiding of visible wavelengths, both at 850 nm and at 1550 nm. A 1.25 Gbit/s data transmission using on-off keying modulation at 1550 nm is demonstrated with bit error ratio (BER) measurements. To evaluate the impact of atmospheric turbulence, a spatial light modulator is used to simulate an air-to-air optical link between two aircrafts at an altitude of 10 km, separated by 20 km. Including transmission losses, to achieve a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-6}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the FB introduces a link budget penalty of 6.55 dB in the absence of turbulence and 7.94 dB under turbulent conditions, compared to an optical link without it. Future improvements for FB performances in the infrared C-band are expected through optimized material selection.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592486
{"title":"Call for Papers: Special issue on Self-Injection Locked Lasers and Associated Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11130532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592488
{"title":"Call for Papers: Special issue on Advances in Semiconductor Surface-emitting Lasers: VCSELs and PCSELs","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592488","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11130479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592434
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11130535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3600154
Vincent W. S. Chan
This paper addresses the architecture of free space optical communications and networks (of which satellites are an important modality) from the Physical to the Transport and Application Layers. Optical wireless networks have the potential to serve space-space, space-terrestrial/aircraft, aircraft-aircraft, data centers and metropolitan area networks. Though the technologies in these applications are similar in nature, the architecture constructs and protocol tuning can be very different. Free space optical networks have two attributes that are not encountered in fiber networks and they are: its ability to connect without pre-deployment of infrastructures and to reconfigure its connection topology by beam steering in time scales of ms-s to adapt to traffic loads (as high as 100 Tbps per connection), satellite and mobile platform movements, switching node states and atmospheric conditions. This paper provides a historical perspective on the key development of free space optical communications and presents the research forefront of a multi-layer approach to optical wireless networks and how the network architecture can be tuned to specific applications, concluding with identifying possible novel applications.
{"title":"Free Space Optical Communication and Network Architecture - Fundamentals, History and Looking Forward","authors":"Vincent W. S. Chan","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3600154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3600154","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the architecture of free space optical communications and networks (of which satellites are an important modality) from the Physical to the Transport and Application Layers. Optical wireless networks have the potential to serve space-space, space-terrestrial/aircraft, aircraft-aircraft, data centers and metropolitan area networks. Though the technologies in these applications are similar in nature, the architecture constructs and protocol tuning can be very different. Free space optical networks have two attributes that are not encountered in fiber networks and they are: its ability to connect without pre-deployment of infrastructures and to reconfigure its connection topology by beam steering in time scales of <italic>ms-s</i> to adapt to traffic loads (as high as 100 Tbps per connection), satellite and mobile platform movements, switching node states and atmospheric conditions. This paper provides a historical perspective on the key development of free space optical communications and presents the research forefront of a multi-layer approach to optical wireless networks and how the network architecture can be tuned to specific applications, concluding with identifying possible novel applications.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592438
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11130536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592440
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Topic Codes and Topics","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3592440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11130533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-15DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3589155
Michele Lacerenza;Mauro Buttafava
{"title":"Editorial Interview: Shaping the Neurophotonics Frontier: Industrial Insights into the Future of Non-Invasive Brain Monitoring","authors":"Michele Lacerenza;Mauro Buttafava","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3589155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3589155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11126921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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