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[The train and the "Spanish señorita":the flu epidemic in Diamantina, 1918]. [火车和“西班牙señorita”:1918年迪亚曼蒂纳的流感流行]。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100024
Ramon Feliphe Souza
Resumo O artigo analisa a epidemia de gripe de 1918 em Diamantina, no interior de Minas Gerais. A partir de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, discute como o ramal ferroviário da Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas, inaugurado em 1914, contribuiu para a chegada da doença à cidade que, até então, era representada no discurso de suas elites como isolada e salubre. Aborda as imbricadas relações entre a expansão dos sistemas de transportes pelo interior do Brasil, o meio ambiente, o conhecimento científico e os processos saúde/doença.
这篇文章分析了1918年发生在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州迪亚曼蒂纳镇的流感疫情。参考文献和文献资料被用来调查Vitória-Minas铁路(Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas)的影响,该铁路于1914年开通,对疾病在该镇的到来产生了影响,直到那时,在其精英的话语中,疾病一直被认为是不健康和孤立的。讨论了交通系统在巴西的传播、环境、科学知识和健康-疾病过程之间的相互关系。
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引用次数: 0
Reports by explorers and travelers and the first scientific studies on ayahuasca (dating from 1850 to 1950) within the current debate on the “psychedelic renaissance” 探索者和旅行者的报告和对死藤水的第一次科学研究(1850年至1950年)在当前关于“迷幻剂复兴”的辩论中。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100023en
Vinícius Maurício de Lima, Maria Gabriela Silva Martins da Cunha Marinho
Abstract This article describes the associations and controversies between indigenous and western uses of ayahuasca between 1850 and 1950 in relation to the “psychedelic renaissance.” This movement has gained scientific attention since 2000, but hearkens back to the 1960s and 1970s, when anti-drug policy halted research on the “therapeutic potential” of psychoactive substances. Pioneering studies on ayahuasca date back to the early twentieth century and mention reports of expeditions to Amazonia from 1850 onward. Here, these articles and reports are analyzed according to the historical aspect of actor-network theory and recent studies. We infer that history casts light on the current political debate about indigenous uses, classifications, and meanings, pharmaceutical interest in ayahuasca, and the debate on “drugs.”
摘要:本文描述了1850年至1950年间与“迷幻文艺复兴”相关的土著和西方死藤水使用之间的联系和争议。自2000年以来,这一运动得到了科学界的关注,但让人想起了20世纪60年代和70年代,当时禁毒政策停止了对精神活性物质“治疗潜力”的研究。对死藤水的开创性研究可以追溯到20世纪初,并提到了1850年以后对亚马逊河流域的探险报告。本文从行动者网络理论的历史沿沿性和最新研究成果两个方面对这些文章和报道进行分析。我们推断,历史揭示了当前关于土著使用、分类和意义的政治辩论,对死藤水的制药兴趣,以及关于“毒品”的辩论。
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引用次数: 1
Dejar morir: la trágica gestión de la pandemia de la covid-19 en Brasil 让死亡:巴西covid-19大流行的悲惨管理
4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100050
Claudia Agostoni
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引用次数: 0
Saúde urbana, direito à cidade e as comunidades de Manguinhos no Rio de Janeiro 里约热内卢的城市健康、城市权利和Manguinhos社区
4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100063
Luís Carlos Soares Madeira Domingues, Rosângela Lunardelli Cavallazzi
Resumo O artigo propõe uma leitura crítica do contexto histórico urbanístico e social das comunidades de Manguinhos considerando a fundamentação teórico-metodológica do campo da saúde urbana, apoiada no paradigma da determinação social da saúde e do direito à cidade. O recorte de análise para a identificação dos processos críticos de determinação social da saúde considerou a relevância da superação das necessidades habitacionais como condição indispensável para o direito à cidade e à saúde. A constatação da permanência dos processos mencionados, mesmo após os vultosos investimentos em urbanização realizados em Manguinhos, aponta para a necessidade de revisão das políticas públicas relacionadas e a inserção efetiva e emancipatória da população nessas políticas.
本文以健康和城市权利的社会决定范式为基础,考虑到城市卫生领域的理论和方法基础,对Manguinhos社区的城市和社会历史背景进行批判性解读。确定健康社会决定的关键过程的分析方法认为,克服住房需求是城市权和健康权的必要条件。即使在曼吉尼奥斯进行了大量的城市化投资之后,上述进程仍然存在,这表明有必要审查有关的公共政策,并有效和解放地将人口纳入这些政策。
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引用次数: 0
Limits of the Rockefeller Foundation fellowship funding: Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais and international nursing, 1936-1966 洛克菲勒基金会奖学金资助的限制:Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais和国际护理,1936-1966
4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100046en
Ricardo dos Santos Batista
Abstract The article analyses Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais’ international nursing education as a Rockefeller Foundation fellow, during the Portuguese Estado Novo. It studies the local contexts influence on the international philanthropic agency’s actions, culminating in disputes with World Health Organization over the Portuguese nurse as staff. The sources are two dossiers on Maria Tito de Morais and her two fellowship cards collected at the Rockefeller Archive Center, a report of the Directorate-General of Health of Portugal and the journal A Tribuna, consulted at the Brazilian Digital Library. In conclusion, the Rockefeller Foundation’s strategies, when funding Maria Tito de Morais’ education aiming to hire her did not guarantee control over her professional trajectory.
摘要本文分析Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais作为洛克菲勒基金会成员在葡萄牙新国家期间的国际护理教育。它研究了当地环境对国际慈善机构行动的影响,最终导致与世界卫生组织就葡萄牙护士作为工作人员的争议。资料来源是洛克菲勒档案中心收集的关于Maria Tito de Morais的两份档案和她的两张奖学金卡,葡萄牙卫生总局的一份报告和巴西数字图书馆查阅的《论坛》杂志。总之,洛克菲勒基金会在资助玛丽亚·蒂托·德·莫莱(Maria Tito de Morais)的教育时,旨在聘用她的策略,并不能保证控制她的职业轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
[Sport and eugenics: the linao game regulation project by the Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, Santiago de Chile, 1929]. [体育和优生学:由俱乐部de Gimnasia和Deportes,智利圣地亚哥,1929年的linao比赛规则项目]。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100017
Alex Ovalle, Daniel Briones

The source presented is the Linao Game Regulation Project, prepared by the Club Gimnasia y Deportes, and published in Santiago in 1929. The brochure consists of a speech by Dr. Luis Bisquertt and the normative corpus of linao, an ancestral ball game. Its transcription is useful for the historical study of sport, and research on the modernization of traditions in the national construction. It is also useful to understand the pedagogical and eugenic discourses, associated with the professional activity developed by the first physical education teachers at the beginning of the twentieth century.

资料来源是1929年在圣地亚哥出版的由Gimnasia和Deportes俱乐部编写的《利瑙游戏管理项目》。这本小册子由Luis Bisquertt博士的演讲和linao(一种祖先的球类运动)的规范语料库组成。它的抄录对体育的历史研究和国家建设中传统现代化的研究都是有益的。理解与二十世纪初第一批体育教师的专业活动相关的教学和优生话语也是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Development and the social sciences: international agencies in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s. 发展与社会科学:20世纪60年代巴西贫民窟的国际机构。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100015
Rachel de Almeida Viana

An analysis is presented of the work of three international entities in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s: Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e Organização de Comunidade; Ação Comunitária do Brasil; and the United Nations. These entities conveyed the ideal of developmentalism through technical cooperation with countries deemed underdeveloped, drawing on the pure and applied social sciences through community development. Documents from the Anthony Leeds archive at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz were used to analyze these entities' actions in the favelas and their conceptions of development. Their official documents were compared, including newspapers and programs, as well as fieldnotes and letters by social scientists engaged in fieldwork in favelas in the period.

本报告分析了1960年代三个国际实体在巴西贫民窟的工作:巴西-运动、发展和社会组织;a o Comunitária do Brasil;以及联合国。这些实体通过与被认为不发达的国家进行技术合作,通过社区发展利用纯粹和应用的社会科学,传达了发展主义的理想。来自Casa de Oswaldo Cruz的Anthony Leeds档案的文件被用来分析这些实体在贫民窟的行动和他们的发展概念。比较了他们的官方文件,包括报纸和节目,以及在这一时期从事贫民窟田野调查的社会科学家的实地记录和信件。
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引用次数: 0
"Social malaise... demonic agitation:" anarchism according to the criminology of the French physician Alexandre Lacassagne. “社会不适……恶魔般的煽动:"根据法国医生亚历山大·拉卡萨尼的犯罪学,这是无政府主义。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100002
Bruno Corrêa de Sá E Benevides

This article analyzes the way anarchism and its followers were understood in L'assassinat du président Carnot, by the French physician Alexandre Lacassagne. A few months before the book was published, in June 1894, the president of France, Sadi Carnot, had been killed by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. Lacassagne was called upon to perform the autopsy of Carnot's body and a psychiatric examination of Caserio. The results of these two analyses were published in the aforementioned book. He made his observations on the anarchist in the broader context of criminological debates pursued in the late nineteenth century, which were not restricted solely to the authors of Italian criminology.

本文分析了法国医生亚历山大·拉卡萨涅在《卡诺总统暗杀案》中对无政府主义及其追随者的理解方式。在这本书出版的几个月前,也就是1894年6月,法国总统萨迪·卡诺被意大利无政府主义者圣·杰罗尼莫·卡塞里奥杀害。拉卡萨尼被要求对卡诺的尸体进行尸检,并对卡塞里奥进行精神检查。这两个分析的结果发表在前面提到的书中。他对无政府主义者的观察是在十九世纪晚期犯罪学辩论的大背景下进行的,而这不仅仅局限于意大利犯罪学的作者。
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引用次数: 0
When art therapy went chemical: Alfred Bader, pharmacology, and art brut, c.1950-1970s. 艺术治疗何时转向化学疗法:阿尔弗雷德·巴德、药理学和艺术疗法,约1950- 70年代。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702022000500007
Jelena Martinovic

This article analyzes how psychopharmacology transformed the relationship between art and psychiatry. It outlines a novel genealogy of art therapy, repositioning its origins in the context of evolving clinical practices and discourses on mind-altering drugs. Evaluating the use of psychotropic drugs in connection with psychopathology of art in the first half of the twentieth century, the article then focuses on two post-Second World War experiments involving psilocybin conducted by psychiatrist Alfred Bader and pharmacologist Roland Fischer. Illustrating how consciousness was foregrounded in discussions about mental health and illness, the examples showcase how psychotherapists increasingly sought to articulate art brut and modernist aesthetics in a neurobiological fashion to define madness as a social disease.

本文分析了精神药理学如何改变艺术与精神病学之间的关系。它概述了一种新的艺术治疗谱系,在不断发展的临床实践和关于改变思维的药物的话语的背景下重新定位它的起源。评估精神药物在二十世纪上半叶与艺术精神病理学相关的使用,文章然后集中在第二次世界大战后由精神病学家阿尔弗雷德·巴德和药理学家罗兰·费舍尔进行的两次涉及裸盖菇素的实验。这些例子说明了意识在关于心理健康和疾病的讨论中是如何被置于重要地位的,它们展示了心理治疗师如何越来越多地试图以神经生物学的方式阐明艺术和现代主义美学,以将疯狂定义为一种社会疾病。
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引用次数: 1
Conflictos y protestas de la enfermería argentina durante la pandemia de covid-19 covid-19大流行期间阿根廷护士的冲突和抗议
4区 哲学 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100060
Karina Ramacciotti, Adriana María Valobra
Resumen El interés de este artículo es estudiar cómo la pandemia de la covid-19, al intensificar rutinas laborales, potenció conflictos estructurales en el sector de enfermería en Argentina. Para ello, utilizamos una estrategia metodológica cuantitativa y cualitativa que nos permite comprender en profundidad las prácticas y las representaciones de enfermeros y enfermeras durante la pandemia a partir de la realización de una encuesta autoadministrada y entrevistas en profundidad. En primer lugar, analizamos los conflictos acontecidos por la sobrecarga laboral y la falta de insumos para la protección contra la covid-19. En segundo lugar, revisamos las estrategias de reclamos colectivos por medio de sindicatos y de movimientos autoconvocados.
摘要本文的重点是探讨如何covid-19大爆发,加强劳动例程,单用护理部门的结构性冲突在阿根廷。为此,我们采用了定量和定性的方法学策略,通过自我管理调查和深度访谈,深入了解护士在大流行期间的做法和表现。首先,我们分析了因工作超负荷和缺乏covid-19防护用品而发生的冲突。其次,我们回顾了通过工会和自我召集运动进行集体抗议的策略。
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引用次数: 0
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Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos
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