Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3304601
Hamed Pezeshki
This paper introduces an ultracompact lab-on-a-chip device with a size of $8times 0.8~mu text{m}^{mathrm{ 2}}$ for surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. This device comprises of a unique hybrid plasmonic-photonic vertical coupler, for light-coupling between the device and a light source, and a heptamer plasmonic nanotweezer for trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles. The coupler with its nanoscale size of $0.73times 0.8~mu text{m}^{mathrm{ 2}}$ offers maximum coupling efficiency and directivity of −4.2 dB and 17.8 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth across the wavelength range of $sim {1} - {1}.{13} , mu text{m}$ . Based on a finite element method, it is theoretically shown that the tear-drop based nanotweezer can empower the device to yield a very high Raman gain of $geq {10}^{{17}}$ , making the detection at the single-molecule level possible. The proposed device can exhibit low damage to bioparticles through the use of near infrared wavelengths range with lower energy photons. Due to its short optical path, this device is expected to improve the Raman signal to noise ratio by reducing the level of background in-coherent Raman signals. Finally, thanks to its configuration, this device can enable the creation of parallel measurement channels, paving the way toward the development of high-throughput and mass-produced biosensors.
{"title":"Ultracompact Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Surface-Enhanced Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering","authors":"Hamed Pezeshki","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3304601","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3304601","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an ultracompact lab-on-a-chip device with a size of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 0.8~mu text{m}^{mathrm{ 2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. This device comprises of a unique hybrid plasmonic-photonic vertical coupler, for light-coupling between the device and a light source, and a heptamer plasmonic nanotweezer for trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles. The coupler with its nanoscale size of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.73times 0.8~mu text{m}^{mathrm{ 2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 offers maximum coupling efficiency and directivity of −4.2 dB and 17.8 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth across the wavelength range of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim {1} - {1}.{13} , mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Based on a finite element method, it is theoretically shown that the tear-drop based nanotweezer can empower the device to yield a very high Raman gain of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$geq {10}^{{17}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, making the detection at the single-molecule level possible. The proposed device can exhibit low damage to bioparticles through the use of near infrared wavelengths range with lower energy photons. Due to its short optical path, this device is expected to improve the Raman signal to noise ratio by reducing the level of background in-coherent Raman signals. Finally, thanks to its configuration, this device can enable the creation of parallel measurement channels, paving the way toward the development of high-throughput and mass-produced biosensors.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 2","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10010744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, DNA encoding has shown its potential to store the vital information of the image in the form of nucleotides, namely ${A}, {C}, {T}$ , and ${G}$ , with the entire sequence following run-length and GC-constraint. As a result, the encoded DNA planes contain unique nucleotide strings, giving more salient image information using less storage. In this paper, the advantages of DNA encoding have been inherited to uplift the retrieval accuracy of the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system. Initially, the most significant bit-plane-based DNA encoding scheme has been suggested to generate DNA planes from a given image. The generated DNA planes of the image efficiently capture the salient visual information in a compact form. Subsequently, the encoded DNA planes have been utilized for nucleotide patterns-based feature extraction and image retrieval. Simultaneously, the translated and amplified encoded DNA planes have also been deployed on different deep learning architectures like ResNet-50, VGG-16, VGG-19, and Inception V3 to perform classification-based image retrieval. The performance of the proposed system has been evaluated using two corals, an object, and a medical image dataset. All these datasets contain 28,200 images belonging to 134 different classes. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme achieves perceptible improvements compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
最近，DNA 编码显示了其潜力，它能以核苷酸（即 A、C、T 和 G）的形式存储图像的重要信息，整个序列遵循运行长度和 GC 限制。因此，编码后的 DNA 平面包含独特的核苷酸字符串，用更少的存储空间提供更多突出的图像信息。本文继承了 DNA 编码的优点，以提高基于内容的图像检索（CBIR）系统的检索精度。最初，我们提出了一种最重要的基于位平面的 DNA 编码方案，用于从给定图像生成 DNA 平面。生成的图像 DNA 平面能以紧凑的形式有效捕捉到突出的视觉信息。随后，编码后的 DNA 平面被用于基于核苷酸模式的特征提取和图像检索。同时，经过翻译和放大的编码 DNA 平面还被部署在不同的深度学习架构上，如 ResNet-50、VGG-16、VGG-19 和 Inception V3，以执行基于分类的图像检索。我们使用两个珊瑚、一个物体和一个医学图像数据集对所提议系统的性能进行了评估。所有这些数据集包含属于 134 个不同类别的 28 200 张图像。实验结果证实，与其他最先进的方法相比，所提出的方案实现了可感知的改进。
{"title":"DNA Encoding-Based Nucleotide Pattern and Deep Features for Instance and Class-Based Image Retrieval","authors":"Jitesh Pradhan;Arup Kumar Pal;Sk Hafizul Islam;Chiranjeev Bhaya","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3303512","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3303512","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, DNA encoding has shown its potential to store the vital information of the image in the form of nucleotides, namely \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${A}, {C}, {T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, with the entire sequence following run-length and GC-constraint. As a result, the encoded DNA planes contain unique nucleotide strings, giving more salient image information using less storage. In this paper, the advantages of DNA encoding have been inherited to uplift the retrieval accuracy of the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system. Initially, the most significant bit-plane-based DNA encoding scheme has been suggested to generate DNA planes from a given image. The generated DNA planes of the image efficiently capture the salient visual information in a compact form. Subsequently, the encoded DNA planes have been utilized for nucleotide patterns-based feature extraction and image retrieval. Simultaneously, the translated and amplified encoded DNA planes have also been deployed on different deep learning architectures like ResNet-50, VGG-16, VGG-19, and Inception V3 to perform classification-based image retrieval. The performance of the proposed system has been evaluated using two corals, an object, and a medical image dataset. All these datasets contain 28,200 images belonging to 134 different classes. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme achieves perceptible improvements compared with other state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10358423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3303345
Souvik Kundu;Shawana Tabassum;Ritwesh A. Kumar;E. Dale Abel;Ratnesh Kumar
This paper reports a sensor architecture for continuous monitoring of biomarkers directly in the blood, especially for ICU/CCU patients requiring critical care and rapid biomarker measurement. The sensor is based on a simple optical fiber that can be inserted through a catheter into the bloodstream, wherein gold nanoparticles are attached at its far distal end as a plasmonic material for highly sensitive opto-chemical sensing of target biomolecules (glucose in our application) via the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. For specificity, the nanoparticles are functionalized with a specific receptor enzyme that enables the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based targeted bio-sensing. Further, a micro dialysis probe is introduced in the proposed architecture, which facilitates continuous monitoring for an extended period without fouling the sensor surface with cells and blood debris present in whole blood, leading to prolonged enhanced sensitivity and limit of detection, relative to existing state-of-the-art continuous monitoring devices that can conduct direct measurements in blood. To establish this proof-of-concept, we tested the sensor device to monitor glucose in-vivo involving an animal model, where continuous monitoring was done directly in the circulation of living rats. The sensor’s sensitivity to glucose was found to be 0.0354 a.u./mg.dl−1 with a detection limit of 50.89 mg/dl.
{"title":"Plasmonic Optical Fiber Based Continuous in-Vivo Glucose Monitoring for ICU/CCU Setup","authors":"Souvik Kundu;Shawana Tabassum;Ritwesh A. Kumar;E. Dale Abel;Ratnesh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3303345","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3303345","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a sensor architecture for continuous monitoring of biomarkers directly in the blood, especially for ICU/CCU patients requiring critical care and rapid biomarker measurement. The sensor is based on a simple optical fiber that can be inserted through a catheter into the bloodstream, wherein gold nanoparticles are attached at its far distal end as a plasmonic material for highly sensitive opto-chemical sensing of target biomolecules (glucose in our application) via the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. For specificity, the nanoparticles are functionalized with a specific receptor enzyme that enables the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based targeted bio-sensing. Further, a micro dialysis probe is introduced in the proposed architecture, which facilitates continuous monitoring for an extended period without fouling the sensor surface with cells and blood debris present in whole blood, leading to prolonged enhanced sensitivity and limit of detection, relative to existing state-of-the-art continuous monitoring devices that can conduct direct measurements in blood. To establish this proof-of-concept, we tested the sensor device to monitor glucose in-vivo involving an animal model, where continuous monitoring was done directly in the circulation of living rats. The sensor’s sensitivity to glucose was found to be 0.0354 a.u./mg.dl−1 with a detection limit of 50.89 mg/dl.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9953605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3302773
Saswati Pal;Sudip Misra;Ranjan K. Mallik
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are recognized as an unparalleled therapy for tissue damage rendered by COVID-19 infection and subsequent hyper-inflammatory immune response. However, the natural targeting mechanism of exosomes is challenging to detect the damaged tissue over long diffusion distances efficiently. The coordinated movement of exosomes is desired for successful identification of target sites. In this work, we propose a molecular communication model, CoTiR, with a bio-inspired directional migration strategy (DMS) for guided propagation of exosomes to target the damaged tissues. The model includes directional propagation, reception, and regeneration of tissue. The proposed model has the potential to be used in designing efficient communication systems in the nanodomain. We compare the proposed model to the basic random propagation model and show the efficacy of our model regarding the detection of multiple targets and the detection time required. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model requires a shorter period of time for a similar number of exosomes to detect the targets compared to the basic random propagation model. Furthermore, the results reveal a 99.96% decrease in the collagen concentration in the absence of inflammatory cytokine molecules compared to the collagen concentration in the presence of inflammatory cytokine molecules.
{"title":"COTiR: Molecular Communication Model for Synthetic Exosome-Based Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Saswati Pal;Sudip Misra;Ranjan K. Mallik","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3302773","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3302773","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are recognized as an unparalleled therapy for tissue damage rendered by COVID-19 infection and subsequent hyper-inflammatory immune response. However, the natural targeting mechanism of exosomes is challenging to detect the damaged tissue over long diffusion distances efficiently. The coordinated movement of exosomes is desired for successful identification of target sites. In this work, we propose a molecular communication model, CoTiR, with a bio-inspired directional migration strategy (DMS) for guided propagation of exosomes to target the damaged tissues. The model includes directional propagation, reception, and regeneration of tissue. The proposed model has the potential to be used in designing efficient communication systems in the nanodomain. We compare the proposed model to the basic random propagation model and show the efficacy of our model regarding the detection of multiple targets and the detection time required. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model requires a shorter period of time for a similar number of exosomes to detect the targets compared to the basic random propagation model. Furthermore, the results reveal a 99.96% decrease in the collagen concentration in the absence of inflammatory cytokine molecules compared to the collagen concentration in the presence of inflammatory cytokine molecules.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9972527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3298600
M. Okan Araz;Ahmet R. Emirdagi;M. Serkan Kopuzlu;Murat Kuscu
Molecular Communications (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules to encode and transfer information. Many efforts have been devoted to developing novel modulation techniques for MC based on various distinguishable characteristics of molecules, such as their concentrations or types. In this paper, we investigate a particular modulation scheme called Ratio Shift Keying (RSK), where the information is encoded in the concentration ratio of two different types of molecules. RSK modulation is hypothesized to enable accurate information transfer in dynamic MC scenarios where the time-varying channel characteristics affect both types of molecules equally. To validate this hypothesis, we first conduct an information-theoretical analysis of RSK modulation and derive the capacity of the end-to-end MC channel where the receiver estimates concentration ratio based on ligand-receptor binding statistics in an optimal or suboptimal manner. We then analyze the error performance of RSK modulation in a practical time-varying MC scenario, that is mobile MC, in which both the transmitter and the receiver undergo diffusion-based propagation. Our numerical and analytical results, obtained for varying levels of similarity between the ligand types used for ratio-encoding, and varying number of receptors, show that RSK can significantly outperform the most commonly considered MC modulation technique, concentration shift keying (CSK), in dynamic MC scenarios.
分子通信（MC）是一种利用分子编码和传输信息的生物启发通信技术。许多人致力于根据分子的各种可区分特性（如浓度或类型）为 MC 开发新型调制技术。在本文中，我们研究了一种名为 "比移键控（RSK）"的特殊调制方案，在这种方案中，信息以两种不同类型分子的浓度比进行编码。根据假设，RSK 调制能在动态 MC 场景中实现准确的信息传输，在这种场景中，时变信道特性对两种分子的影响相同。为了验证这一假设，我们首先对 RSK 调制进行了信息理论分析，并得出了端到端 MC 信道的容量，在这种信道中，接收器根据配体-受体结合统计数据以最优或次优方式估计浓度比。然后，我们分析了 RSK 调制在实际时变 MC 场景（即移动 MC）中的误差性能，在这种场景中，发射器和接收器都经历了基于扩散的传播。我们对用于比率编码的配体类型之间不同程度的相似性和不同数量的受体进行的数值和分析结果表明，在动态 MC 场景中，RSK 的性能明显优于最常用的 MC 调制技术--浓度偏移键控（CSK）。
{"title":"Ratio Shift Keying Modulation for Time-Varying Molecular Communication Channels","authors":"M. Okan Araz;Ahmet R. Emirdagi;M. Serkan Kopuzlu;Murat Kuscu","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3298600","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3298600","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular Communications (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules to encode and transfer information. Many efforts have been devoted to developing novel modulation techniques for MC based on various distinguishable characteristics of molecules, such as their concentrations or types. In this paper, we investigate a particular modulation scheme called Ratio Shift Keying (RSK), where the information is encoded in the concentration ratio of two different types of molecules. RSK modulation is hypothesized to enable accurate information transfer in dynamic MC scenarios where the time-varying channel characteristics affect both types of molecules equally. To validate this hypothesis, we first conduct an information-theoretical analysis of RSK modulation and derive the capacity of the end-to-end MC channel where the receiver estimates concentration ratio based on ligand-receptor binding statistics in an optimal or suboptimal manner. We then analyze the error performance of RSK modulation in a practical time-varying MC scenario, that is mobile MC, in which both the transmitter and the receiver undergo diffusion-based propagation. Our numerical and analytical results, obtained for varying levels of similarity between the ligand types used for ratio-encoding, and varying number of receptors, show that RSK can significantly outperform the most commonly considered MC modulation technique, concentration shift keying (CSK), in dynamic MC scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"176-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9924621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3298444
Subhash Chandra Pal;Dimitrios Toumpanakis;Johan Wikström;Chirag Kamal Ahuja;Robin Strand;Ashis Kumar Dhara
Segmentation of major brain vessels is very important for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders and subsequent surgical planning. Vessel segmentation is an important preprocessing step for a wide range of algorithms for the automatic diagnosis or treatment of several vascular pathologies and as such, it is valuable to have a well-performing vascular segmentation pipeline. In this article, we propose an end-to-end multiscale residual dual attention deep neural network for resilient major brain vessel segmentation. In the proposed network, the encoder and decoder blocks of the U-Net are replaced with the multi-level atrous residual blocks to enhance the learning capability by increasing the receptive field to extract the various semantic coarse- and fine-grained features. Dual attention block is incorporated in the bottleneck to perform effective multiscale information fusion to obtain detailed structure of blood vessels. The methods were evaluated on the publicly available TubeTK data set. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques with dice of 0.79 on the whole-brain prediction. The statistical and visual assessments indicate that proposed network is robust to outliers and maintains higher consistency in vessel continuity than the traditional U-Net and its variations.
{"title":"Multi-Level Residual Dual Attention Network for Major Cerebral Arteries Segmentation in MRA Toward Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disorders","authors":"Subhash Chandra Pal;Dimitrios Toumpanakis;Johan Wikström;Chirag Kamal Ahuja;Robin Strand;Ashis Kumar Dhara","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3298444","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3298444","url":null,"abstract":"Segmentation of major brain vessels is very important for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders and subsequent surgical planning. Vessel segmentation is an important preprocessing step for a wide range of algorithms for the automatic diagnosis or treatment of several vascular pathologies and as such, it is valuable to have a well-performing vascular segmentation pipeline. In this article, we propose an end-to-end multiscale residual dual attention deep neural network for resilient major brain vessel segmentation. In the proposed network, the encoder and decoder blocks of the U-Net are replaced with the multi-level atrous residual blocks to enhance the learning capability by increasing the receptive field to extract the various semantic coarse- and fine-grained features. Dual attention block is incorporated in the bottleneck to perform effective multiscale information fusion to obtain detailed structure of blood vessels. The methods were evaluated on the publicly available TubeTK data set. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques with dice of 0.79 on the whole-brain prediction. The statistical and visual assessments indicate that proposed network is robust to outliers and maintains higher consistency in vessel continuity than the traditional U-Net and its variations.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3294330
J. Divya;S. Selvendran;A. Sivanantha Raja;Vamsi Borra
A dual-channel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based plasmonic sensor is proposed in this paper for the simultaneous detection of two different analytes using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The sensor employs a 50 nm-thick layer of chemically stable gold on both cleaved surfaces of the PCF to induce the SPR effect. This configuration offers superior sensitivity and rapid response, making it highly effective for sensing applications. Numerical investigations are conducted using the finite element method (FEM). After optimizing the structural parameters, the sensor exhibits a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 10000 nm/RIU and an amplitude sensitivity of −216 RIU $^{-{1}}$ between the two channels. Additionally, each channel of the sensor exhibits its unique maximal wavelength and amplitude sensitivities for different refractive index (RI) ranges. Both channels demonstrate a maximal wavelength sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU. In the RI range of 1.31-1.41, Channel 1 (Ch1) and Channel 2 (Ch2) achieved their maximum amplitude sensitivities of −85.39RIU $^{-{1}}$ and -304.52 RIU $^{-{1}}$ , respectively, with a resolution of ${5}times {10} ^{-{5}}$ . This sensor structure is noteworthy for its ability to measure both amplitude and wavelength sensitivity, providing enhanced performance characteristics suitable for various sensing purposes in chemical, biomedical, and industrial fields.
{"title":"A Novel Plasmonic Sensor Based on Dual-Channel D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber for Enhanced Sensitivity in Simultaneous Detection of Different Analytes","authors":"J. Divya;S. Selvendran;A. Sivanantha Raja;Vamsi Borra","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3294330","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3294330","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-channel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based plasmonic sensor is proposed in this paper for the simultaneous detection of two different analytes using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The sensor employs a 50 nm-thick layer of chemically stable gold on both cleaved surfaces of the PCF to induce the SPR effect. This configuration offers superior sensitivity and rapid response, making it highly effective for sensing applications. Numerical investigations are conducted using the finite element method (FEM). After optimizing the structural parameters, the sensor exhibits a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 10000 nm/RIU and an amplitude sensitivity of −216 RIU\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 between the two channels. Additionally, each channel of the sensor exhibits its unique maximal wavelength and amplitude sensitivities for different refractive index (RI) ranges. Both channels demonstrate a maximal wavelength sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU. In the RI range of 1.31-1.41, Channel 1 (Ch1) and Channel 2 (Ch2) achieved their maximum amplitude sensitivities of −85.39RIU\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and -304.52 RIU\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, respectively, with a resolution of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${5}times {10} ^{-{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. This sensor structure is noteworthy for its ability to measure both amplitude and wavelength sensitivity, providing enhanced performance characteristics suitable for various sensing purposes in chemical, biomedical, and industrial fields.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10178050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9773117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3289787
Hafezeh Nabipour;Sohrab Rohani
The current study developed a drug delivery system through the green chemistry-based synthesis of a biologically friendly metal-organic framework (bio-MOF) called Asp-Cu, which included copper ions and the environmentally friendly molecule L(+)-aspartic acid (Asp). For the first time, diclofenac sodium (DS) was loaded onto the synthesized bio-MOF simultaneously. The system’s efficiency was then improved by encapsulating it with sodium alginate (SA). FT-IR, SEM, BET, TGA, and XRD analyses confirmed that DS@Cu-ASP was successfully synthesized. DS@Asp-Cu was found to release the total load within 2 h when used with simulated stomach media. This challenge was overcome by coating DS@Cu-ASP with SA (SA@DS@Cu-ASP). SA@DS@Cu-ASP displayed limited drug release at pH 1.2, and a higher percentage of the drug was released at pH 6.8 and 7.4 due to the pH-responsive nature of SA. $Itextit {n vitro}$ cytotoxicity screening showed that SA@DS@Cu-ASP could be an appropriate biocompatible carrier with >90% cell viability. The on-command drug carrier was observed to be more applicable biocompatible with lower toxicity, as well as adequate loading properties and responsiveness, indicating its applicability as a feasible drug carrier with controlled release.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of pH-Responsive Metal–Organic Frameworks for Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium","authors":"Hafezeh Nabipour;Sohrab Rohani","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3289787","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3289787","url":null,"abstract":"The current study developed a drug delivery system through the green chemistry-based synthesis of a biologically friendly metal-organic framework (bio-MOF) called Asp-Cu, which included copper ions and the environmentally friendly molecule L(+)-aspartic acid (Asp). For the first time, diclofenac sodium (DS) was loaded onto the synthesized bio-MOF simultaneously. The system’s efficiency was then improved by encapsulating it with sodium alginate (SA). FT-IR, SEM, BET, TGA, and XRD analyses confirmed that DS@Cu-ASP was successfully synthesized. DS@Asp-Cu was found to release the total load within 2 h when used with simulated stomach media. This challenge was overcome by coating DS@Cu-ASP with SA (SA@DS@Cu-ASP). SA@DS@Cu-ASP displayed limited drug release at pH 1.2, and a higher percentage of the drug was released at pH 6.8 and 7.4 due to the pH-responsive nature of SA. \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Itextit {n vitro}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 cytotoxicity screening showed that SA@DS@Cu-ASP could be an appropriate biocompatible carrier with >90% cell viability. The on-command drug carrier was observed to be more applicable biocompatible with lower toxicity, as well as adequate loading properties and responsiveness, indicating its applicability as a feasible drug carrier with controlled release.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3290609
Sunil Kumar;Prabhat Kumar Sharma;Manav R. Bhatnagar
This work adopts a game theoretic approach to analyze the behavior of transmitter nanomachines (TNMs) in a diffusive 3-dimensional (3-D) channel. In order to communicate the local observations about the region of interest (RoI) to a common supervisor nanomachine (SNM), TNMs transmit information-carrying molecules to SNM. For the production of information-carrying molecules, all the TNMs share the common food molecular budget (CFMB). The TNMs apply cooperative and greedy strategic efforts to get their share from the CFMB. In the cooperative case, all the TNMs communicate to SNM as a group, therefore they cooperatively consume the CFMB to increase the group outcome, whereas, in the greedy scenario, all TNMs decide to perform alone and thus greedily consume the CFMB to increase their individual outcomes. The performance is evaluated in terms of the average rate of success, the average probability of error, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of RoI detection. The derived results are verified through Monte-Carlo and particle-based simulations (PBS).
{"title":"Game-Theoretic Analysis of Fusion Rules Over Molecular Reporting Channels","authors":"Sunil Kumar;Prabhat Kumar Sharma;Manav R. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3290609","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3290609","url":null,"abstract":"This work adopts a game theoretic approach to analyze the behavior of transmitter nanomachines (TNMs) in a diffusive 3-dimensional (3-D) channel. In order to communicate the local observations about the region of interest (RoI) to a common supervisor nanomachine (SNM), TNMs transmit information-carrying molecules to SNM. For the production of information-carrying molecules, all the TNMs share the common food molecular budget (CFMB). The TNMs apply cooperative and greedy strategic efforts to get their share from the CFMB. In the cooperative case, all the TNMs communicate to SNM as a group, therefore they cooperatively consume the CFMB to increase the group outcome, whereas, in the greedy scenario, all TNMs decide to perform alone and thus greedily consume the CFMB to increase their individual outcomes. The performance is evaluated in terms of the average rate of success, the average probability of error, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of RoI detection. The derived results are verified through Monte-Carlo and particle-based simulations (PBS).","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3292131
Joana Angjo;Ali E. Pusane;H. Birkan Yilmaz;Ertugrul Basar;Tuna Tugcu
The actuation accuracy of sensing tasks performed by molecular communication (MC) schemes is a very important metric. Reducing the effect of sensors fallibility can be achieved by improvements and advancements in the sensor and communication networks design. Inspired by the technique of beamforming used extensively in radio frequency communication systems, a novel molecular beamforming design is proposed in this paper. This design can find application in tasks related to actuation of nano machines in MC networks. The main idea behind the proposed scheme is that the utilization of more sensing nano machines in a network can increase the overall accuracy of that network. In other words, the probability of an actuation error reduces as the number of sensors that collectively take the actuation decision increases. In order to achieve this, several design procedures are proposed. Three different scenarios for the observation of the actuation error are investigated. For each case, the analytical background is provided and compared with the results obtained by computer simulations. The improvement in the actuation accuracy by means of molecular beamforming is verified for a uniform linear array as well as for a random topology.
分子通信（MC）方案所执行的传感任务的执行精度是一个非常重要的指标。传感器和通信网络设计的改进和进步可以降低传感器易损性的影响。受射频通信系统中广泛使用的波束成形技术的启发，本文提出了一种新型分子波束成形设计。这种设计可应用于 MC 网络中与纳米机器驱动相关的任务。建议方案背后的主要理念是，在网络中利用更多的传感纳米机器可以提高该网络的整体精度。换句话说，随着共同做出执行决策的传感器数量增加，执行错误的概率也会降低。为此，我们提出了几种设计程序。本文研究了观察致动误差的三种不同情况。针对每种情况，都提供了分析背景，并与计算机模拟获得的结果进行了比较。对于均匀线性阵列和随机拓扑结构，通过分子波束成形技术提高致动精度的效果得到了验证。
{"title":"Molecular Beamforming for Actuation in Molecular Communication Networks","authors":"Joana Angjo;Ali E. Pusane;H. Birkan Yilmaz;Ertugrul Basar;Tuna Tugcu","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3292131","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2023.3292131","url":null,"abstract":"The actuation accuracy of sensing tasks performed by molecular communication (MC) schemes is a very important metric. Reducing the effect of sensors fallibility can be achieved by improvements and advancements in the sensor and communication networks design. Inspired by the technique of beamforming used extensively in radio frequency communication systems, a novel molecular beamforming design is proposed in this paper. This design can find application in tasks related to actuation of nano machines in MC networks. The main idea behind the proposed scheme is that the utilization of more sensing nano machines in a network can increase the overall accuracy of that network. In other words, the probability of an actuation error reduces as the number of sensors that collectively take the actuation decision increases. In order to achieve this, several design procedures are proposed. Three different scenarios for the observation of the actuation error are investigated. For each case, the analytical background is provided and compared with the results obtained by computer simulations. The improvement in the actuation accuracy by means of molecular beamforming is verified for a uniform linear array as well as for a random topology.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 1","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9742315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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