Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3491653
Jacob T. Pawlik;Tomasz Karpisz;Yasaman Kazemipour;Nicholas Derimow;Sarah R. Evans;Bryan T. Bosworth;James C. Booth;Nathan D. Orloff;Christian J. Long;Angela C. Stelson
We demonstrate a glass microwave microfluidic device for determining the permittivity of a wide range of liquid chemicals from 100 MHz to 30 GHz with associated uncertainties. Conventional microwave microfluidic devices use polymer-based microfluidic layers for fluid delivery, but these polymers swell in organic solvents and are not suitable for many applications. Our device incorporates glass microfluidic channels with platinum coplanar waveguides (CPWs) to provide a solvent-resistant architecture for broadband dielectric spectroscopy. We utilize broadband scattering parameter measurements with a vector network analyzer (VNA) on a wafer probing station and multiline thru-reflect–line (mTRL) calibrations to extract the distributed circuit parameters of transmission lines and solve for fluid permittivity. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of the device by measuring the permittivity of four organic solvents difficult to measure otherwise: hexane, heptane, decane, and toluene.
{"title":"Glass Microwave Microfluidic Devices for Broadband Characterization of Diverse Fluids","authors":"Jacob T. Pawlik;Tomasz Karpisz;Yasaman Kazemipour;Nicholas Derimow;Sarah R. Evans;Bryan T. Bosworth;James C. Booth;Nathan D. Orloff;Christian J. Long;Angela C. Stelson","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3491653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3491653","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a glass microwave microfluidic device for determining the permittivity of a wide range of liquid chemicals from 100 MHz to 30 GHz with associated uncertainties. Conventional microwave microfluidic devices use polymer-based microfluidic layers for fluid delivery, but these polymers swell in organic solvents and are not suitable for many applications. Our device incorporates glass microfluidic channels with platinum coplanar waveguides (CPWs) to provide a solvent-resistant architecture for broadband dielectric spectroscopy. We utilize broadband scattering parameter measurements with a vector network analyzer (VNA) on a wafer probing station and multiline thru-reflect–line (mTRL) calibrations to extract the distributed circuit parameters of transmission lines and solve for fluid permittivity. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of the device by measuring the permittivity of four organic solvents difficult to measure otherwise: hexane, heptane, decane, and toluene.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489515
{"title":"Connect. Support. Inspire.","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 11","pages":"6790-6790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488633
{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 11","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489513
{"title":"IEEE Open Access Publishing","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 11","pages":"6792-6792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488637
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 11","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3481877
Seungjun Lee;Jongheun Lee;Juseop Lee
This work presents a mathematical procedure for solving coupling matrix synthesis problems with arbitrary topologies. A discussion on the properties of arbitrary response-preserving similarity transformations is provided. Based on this property, the proposed method rigorously addresses every possible coupling matrix complying with a desired target topology. This method applies to arbitrary target topologies, both redundant and non-redundant. In cases where there are an infinite number of solutions, this procedure yields a parameterized equation representing all such solutions.
{"title":"Rigorous Approach to Coupling Matrix Synthesis Problem With Arbitrary Topology","authors":"Seungjun Lee;Jongheun Lee;Juseop Lee","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3481877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3481877","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a mathematical procedure for solving coupling matrix synthesis problems with arbitrary topologies. A discussion on the properties of arbitrary response-preserving similarity transformations is provided. Based on this property, the proposed method rigorously addresses every possible coupling matrix complying with a desired target topology. This method applies to arbitrary target topologies, both redundant and non-redundant. In cases where there are an infinite number of solutions, this procedure yields a parameterized equation representing all such solutions.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"335-351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3486585
Mohamed Eleraky;Tzu-Yuan Huang;Yuqi Liu;Hua Wang
This article introduces a comprehensive design and optimization approach aimed at significantly improving the power gain of a given device to achieve the theoretical maximum stable power gain, denoted as $4U$ (with U representing Mason’s Unilateral power gain), across a wide bandwidth. To evaluate the wideband gain enhancement of the device, a device-level Gain-Bandwidth Product (GBW) metric is presented. The proposed technique leverages a high-order embedding network, specifically complex neutralization, applied to a differential power device pair. The detailed optimization process is presented alongside theoretical modeling. To address the limited output power at the D-band, a highly efficient power-combining network is co-designed with the output-matching network of the power amplifier (PA). To validate the proposed methodology, a D-band three-stage PA with two-way power combining was implemented using the GlobalFoundries 45-nm SOI process. The amplifier occupies a compact active area of $0.116~text {mm}^{2}$ . Small-signal measurements demonstrate a peak power gain of 21.7- and a 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of 15 GHz, covering the frequency range from 117 to 132 GHz. The enhanced power gain enables the PA drivers to operate efficiently and linearly in class-AB biasing mode at 127.5 GHz, delivering a saturated output power ( $P_{text {sat}}$ ) of 11.9 dBm, output power at 1 dB compression point ( $text {OP}_{1,text {dB}}$ ) of 11.85 dBm, and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 15%. This allows the PA to achieve an average output power of 7.1 (5.9) dBm under 64-QAM (128-QAM) modulation with a data rate of 27 (16.8) Gb/s. The PA shows an average modulation efficiency of 6.9% (5.15%) with an rms error vector magnitude ( $text {EVM}_{text {rms}}$ ) better than −24.8 (−25.7) dB.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Complex Neutralization Gain-Boosting Technique With Low-Loss Power Combining for Efficient, Linear D-Band Power Amplifiers","authors":"Mohamed Eleraky;Tzu-Yuan Huang;Yuqi Liu;Hua Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3486585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3486585","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a comprehensive design and optimization approach aimed at significantly improving the power gain of a given device to achieve the theoretical maximum stable power gain, denoted as \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4U$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (with U representing Mason’s Unilateral power gain), across a wide bandwidth. To evaluate the wideband gain enhancement of the device, a device-level Gain-Bandwidth Product (GBW) metric is presented. The proposed technique leverages a high-order embedding network, specifically complex neutralization, applied to a differential power device pair. The detailed optimization process is presented alongside theoretical modeling. To address the limited output power at the D-band, a highly efficient power-combining network is co-designed with the output-matching network of the power amplifier (PA). To validate the proposed methodology, a D-band three-stage PA with two-way power combining was implemented using the GlobalFoundries 45-nm SOI process. The amplifier occupies a compact active area of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.116~text {mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Small-signal measurements demonstrate a peak power gain of 21.7- and a 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of 15 GHz, covering the frequency range from 117 to 132 GHz. The enhanced power gain enables the PA drivers to operate efficiently and linearly in class-AB biasing mode at 127.5 GHz, delivering a saturated output power (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) of 11.9 dBm, output power at 1 dB compression point (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {OP}_{1,text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) of 11.85 dBm, and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 15%. This allows the PA to achieve an average output power of 7.1 (5.9) dBm under 64-QAM (128-QAM) modulation with a data rate of 27 (16.8) Gb/s. The PA shows an average modulation efficiency of 6.9% (5.15%) with an rms error vector magnitude (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {EVM}_{text {rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) better than −24.8 (−25.7) dB.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489517
{"title":"Introducing IEEE Collabratex","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3489517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 11","pages":"6791-6791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3487917
Hao Yan;Hanxiang Zhang;Powei Liu;Bayaner Arigong
In this article, a sideband switchable RF/analog processing single sideband (SSB) mixer is proposed to synchronize the phase in open-loop distributed array system. The proposed SSB mixer is composed of single balanced mixer, Wilkinson power divider, switches, transmission line delays, RF Hilbert transformer, and T-junction combiner. The design theory is developed for phase synchronization in distributed array based on the sequential switched sideband signal, and detail design approach is developed for the proposed RF/analog processing switchable SSB mixer. By switching the transmission line delays, different sidebands are controlled in the proposed SSB mixer. To verify the design concept, a prototype SSB mixer is designed and validated in simulation and experiment, and the results align well with design theory. Different from other SSB mixer, this is first time a RF/analog processing switchable band SSB mixer is proposed to show great potential for exploring novel wireless communication technique.
{"title":"A Switchable Band RF/Analog Processing Single-Sideband Mixer for Distributed Array Phase Synchronization","authors":"Hao Yan;Hanxiang Zhang;Powei Liu;Bayaner Arigong","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3487917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3487917","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a sideband switchable RF/analog processing single sideband (SSB) mixer is proposed to synchronize the phase in open-loop distributed array system. The proposed SSB mixer is composed of single balanced mixer, Wilkinson power divider, switches, transmission line delays, RF Hilbert transformer, and T-junction combiner. The design theory is developed for phase synchronization in distributed array based on the sequential switched sideband signal, and detail design approach is developed for the proposed RF/analog processing switchable SSB mixer. By switching the transmission line delays, different sidebands are controlled in the proposed SSB mixer. To verify the design concept, a prototype SSB mixer is designed and validated in simulation and experiment, and the results align well with design theory. Different from other SSB mixer, this is first time a RF/analog processing switchable band SSB mixer is proposed to show great potential for exploring novel wireless communication technique.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488635
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3488635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 11","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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