Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3453441
Alexander Haag;Ahmet Çağrı Ulusoy
This article presents a novel design method for power amplifiers (PAs). The method enables the systematic design of efficient PA cores with large device parallelization by resonating out parasitic capacitances inside the core. The method is compared with direct device parallelization and improves available output power and power-added efficiency (PAE) for large PA cores. A PAE advantage of 6%–8% for a fixed saturated output power of 30 dBm is predicted at 28 GHz. To demonstrate the capability of the method, a high-power Ka-band PA in 130-nm silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS using resonated amplifier cores is designed. At 28 GHz, the PA achieves a saturated output power of 30.8 dBm at a maximum PAE of 25.5%. For a 200-MSym/s 64-QAM signal, an average output power of 22.8 dBm at an average PAE of 7.1% is demonstrated.
{"title":"A 30.8-dBm SiGe Ka-Band Power Amplifier Using Resonated Amplifier Cores","authors":"Alexander Haag;Ahmet Çağrı Ulusoy","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3453441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3453441","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel design method for power amplifiers (PAs). The method enables the systematic design of efficient PA cores with large device parallelization by resonating out parasitic capacitances inside the core. The method is compared with direct device parallelization and improves available output power and power-added efficiency (PAE) for large PA cores. A PAE advantage of 6%–8% for a fixed saturated output power of 30 dBm is predicted at 28 GHz. To demonstrate the capability of the method, a high-power Ka-band PA in 130-nm silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS using resonated amplifier cores is designed. At 28 GHz, the PA achieves a saturated output power of 30.8 dBm at a maximum PAE of 25.5%. For a 200-MSym/s 64-QAM signal, an average output power of 22.8 dBm at an average PAE of 7.1% is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 2","pages":"988-997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452313
Lei Liu, Lei Zhu, Zheng-Bin Wang, Ye-Rong Zhang
{"title":"Proposal and Synthesis of Self-Packaged Wideband Bandpass Power Divider With Constant Power Ratio and Full Phase Difference Range","authors":"Lei Liu, Lei Zhu, Zheng-Bin Wang, Ye-Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452946
Yan Zhang, Bin Xia, Junfa Mao
{"title":"A Design Approach for Asymmetric Coupled Line Fixed Attenuators and Their Application in Microwave Power Detecting Circuits","authors":"Yan Zhang, Bin Xia, Junfa Mao","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3450891
Weile Zhai;Ruihao Wang;Xiaozhe Wang;Fangjing Shi;Xiaoyan Pang;Yongsheng Gao;Wanzhao Cui
Radar target simulator (RTS) is extensively used in the development, debugging, and operation of automotive millimeter-wave radar systems. However, the performance of the traditional RTS based on digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) is limited by the complexity and spurious of radio frequency (RF) front end, the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and inherent delays in digital signal processing, which is hard to meet the urgent needs of wide bandwidth, low spurious distortion, high precision, and low delay. To solve this problem, a simple, multiband universal, high precision, and low-spur photonic RTS photonic RTS based on all-optical IQ upconverter is proposed. The experiment shows that the moving direction can be switched by flexible control of up- and down-frequency shifts, and accurate simulation of the target with different speeds can be achieved by a large-range-tunable Doppler frequency shift. In addition, the distance of the target can be flexibly tuned by optical delay, and the radar scattering cross section (RCS) can be simulated by wide-range power attenuation. Due to all-optical operation, the simulator has the advantages of adjustable working frequency (L–K band), large modulation bandwidth (dc to gigahertz level), and high spurious suppression (>30 dB). Moreover, the amplitude and phase of the generated simulated signal can also be adjusted, which is of great value in electronic warfare jamming and forwarding systems.
{"title":"Wideband Photonic Radar Target Simulator Based on All-Optical IQ Upconverter","authors":"Weile Zhai;Ruihao Wang;Xiaozhe Wang;Fangjing Shi;Xiaoyan Pang;Yongsheng Gao;Wanzhao Cui","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3450891","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3450891","url":null,"abstract":"Radar target simulator (RTS) is extensively used in the development, debugging, and operation of automotive millimeter-wave radar systems. However, the performance of the traditional RTS based on digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) is limited by the complexity and spurious of radio frequency (RF) front end, the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and inherent delays in digital signal processing, which is hard to meet the urgent needs of wide bandwidth, low spurious distortion, high precision, and low delay. To solve this problem, a simple, multiband universal, high precision, and low-spur photonic RTS photonic RTS based on all-optical IQ upconverter is proposed. The experiment shows that the moving direction can be switched by flexible control of up- and down-frequency shifts, and accurate simulation of the target with different speeds can be achieved by a large-range-tunable Doppler frequency shift. In addition, the distance of the target can be flexibly tuned by optical delay, and the radar scattering cross section (RCS) can be simulated by wide-range power attenuation. Due to all-optical operation, the simulator has the advantages of adjustable working frequency (L–K band), large modulation bandwidth (dc to gigahertz level), and high spurious suppression (>30 dB). Moreover, the amplitude and phase of the generated simulated signal can also be adjusted, which is of great value in electronic warfare jamming and forwarding systems.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 2","pages":"1203-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3439441
Huacheng Zhu;Qianyu Yi;Fengming Yang;Daming Fan;Wencong Zhang;Xiangwei Tang;Hongyou Zheng;Yang Yang
Variations in load shape, volume, and permittivity significantly impact microwave energy conversion efficiency within multimode heating cavities. This study introduces a wedge dielectric plate that enables asymmetric microwave propagation when being in contact with a load, thereby enhancing heating efficiency and robustness under load variations. First, based on the transformation optics theory, an asymmetric waveguide is established by the wedge dielectric plate. Experimental results show varying microwave transmission efficiencies in both forward and reverse directions. Second, a microwave multimode cavity with a dielectric substrate is designed. When the dielectric wedge, dielectric substrate, and load are in physical contact, an efficient microwave transmission path will be formed to enable directed propagation toward the load via surface waves. Simulation results show over 90% heating efficiency with loads of varying volumes, dielectric properties, and shapes. Finally, microwave heating experiments are conducted and compared with a domestic oven using different loads. The proposed method achieves approximately 40% higher temperature increase at 750 W. This method is advantageous due to its low manufacturing cost, high power, robustness, and versatility, making it highly suitable for industrial applications.
{"title":"Efficient Microwave Heating of Arbitrary Loads in Multimode Cavities Employing Transformation Optics-Designed Dielectric Wedges","authors":"Huacheng Zhu;Qianyu Yi;Fengming Yang;Daming Fan;Wencong Zhang;Xiangwei Tang;Hongyou Zheng;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3439441","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3439441","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in load shape, volume, and permittivity significantly impact microwave energy conversion efficiency within multimode heating cavities. This study introduces a wedge dielectric plate that enables asymmetric microwave propagation when being in contact with a load, thereby enhancing heating efficiency and robustness under load variations. First, based on the transformation optics theory, an asymmetric waveguide is established by the wedge dielectric plate. Experimental results show varying microwave transmission efficiencies in both forward and reverse directions. Second, a microwave multimode cavity with a dielectric substrate is designed. When the dielectric wedge, dielectric substrate, and load are in physical contact, an efficient microwave transmission path will be formed to enable directed propagation toward the load via surface waves. Simulation results show over 90% heating efficiency with loads of varying volumes, dielectric properties, and shapes. Finally, microwave heating experiments are conducted and compared with a domestic oven using different loads. The proposed method achieves approximately 40% higher temperature increase at 750 W. This method is advantageous due to its low manufacturing cost, high power, robustness, and versatility, making it highly suitable for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 2","pages":"801-811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiming at supporting diverse applications, integrated communication, sensing, and power transfer (ICSPT) is anticipated to be a key feature of 6G networks. In ICSPT scenarios, power amplifiers (PAs) suffer from dynamic effects due to rapid switching between different operating modes, posing new challenges for PA linearization. In this article, a novel digital predistortion (DPD) method is proposed to effectively compensate for PA distortion in such scenarios. To accurately characterize these dynamic effects with low complexity, we introduce a method for calculating dynamic state variables that represent the dynamic behavior of PAs. For communication mode, these variables are incorporated into a neural network (NN) model, leveraging NN’s powerful fitting capability to track changes in PA’s nonlinear characteristics due to mode switching. For sensing and power transfer modes, the variables are used to fine-tune the input signal, compensating for fluctuations in PA’s gain. Experimental validations were conducted on a millimeter-wave (mmWave) gallium nitride (GaN) PA at a center frequency of 27 GHz. The PA was excited by 40/200-MHz NR signals for communication mode, 100/500-MHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signals for sensing mode, and a CW signal for power transfer mode. The test demonstrates that the proposed method significantly improves transmission performance while maintaining similar complexity.
{"title":"Digital Predistortion of Millimeter-Wave GaN Power Amplifiers for 6G Integrated Communication, Sensing, and Power Transfer Scenarios","authors":"Yucheng Yu;Luqi Yu;Ruijia Liu;Xiao-Wei Zhu;Peng Chen;Chao Yu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452555","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452555","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at supporting diverse applications, integrated communication, sensing, and power transfer (ICSPT) is anticipated to be a key feature of 6G networks. In ICSPT scenarios, power amplifiers (PAs) suffer from dynamic effects due to rapid switching between different operating modes, posing new challenges for PA linearization. In this article, a novel digital predistortion (DPD) method is proposed to effectively compensate for PA distortion in such scenarios. To accurately characterize these dynamic effects with low complexity, we introduce a method for calculating dynamic state variables that represent the dynamic behavior of PAs. For communication mode, these variables are incorporated into a neural network (NN) model, leveraging NN’s powerful fitting capability to track changes in PA’s nonlinear characteristics due to mode switching. For sensing and power transfer modes, the variables are used to fine-tune the input signal, compensating for fluctuations in PA’s gain. Experimental validations were conducted on a millimeter-wave (mmWave) gallium nitride (GaN) PA at a center frequency of 27 GHz. The PA was excited by 40/200-MHz NR signals for communication mode, 100/500-MHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signals for sensing mode, and a CW signal for power transfer mode. The test demonstrates that the proposed method significantly improves transmission performance while maintaining similar complexity.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452433
Pau Casacuberta, Amir Ebrahimi, Paris Vélez, Lijuan Su, Xavier Canalias, Kamran Ghorbani, Ferran Martín
{"title":"Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics","authors":"Pau Casacuberta, Amir Ebrahimi, Paris Vélez, Lijuan Su, Xavier Canalias, Kamran Ghorbani, Ferran Martín","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2024.3452433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452632
Mohamed M. Fahmi;Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz;Raafat R. Mansour
A comprehensive methodology is presented for the systematic design of multiway filtering isolated quadrature couplers based on coupled resonator lattices. The basic design principle for the multiport combiner is first introduced as a mapping between a pair of synchronously tuned coupled resonators and a transmission line (TL) section whose electrical length corresponds to a quarter wavelength at the resonant frequency. Once this mapping is set, it can be seamlessly utilized to design the multiway filtering couplers based on resonator lattices. A number of cross-coupled resonator networks that realize three-, four-, and five-way couplers are then introduced. The proposed topology enables in-line power combiner architectures, which are very useful in the realization of high-power systems. Moreover, it boasts advantageous graceful degradation characteristics in case of faults at any of the inputs. Design examples realized in both coaxial and ridge waveguide resonators are then presented, as examples of the available RF/microwave technologies suitable for implementation. A proof-of-concept prototype was fully validated with fabrication and testing, demonstrating good results.
{"title":"Multiport Isolated Quadrature Combiners With Filtering Characteristics Based on Multiway Canonical Resonator Lattices","authors":"Mohamed M. Fahmi;Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz;Raafat R. Mansour","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452632","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452632","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive methodology is presented for the systematic design of multiway filtering isolated quadrature couplers based on coupled resonator lattices. The basic design principle for the multiport combiner is first introduced as a mapping between a pair of synchronously tuned coupled resonators and a transmission line (TL) section whose electrical length corresponds to a quarter wavelength at the resonant frequency. Once this mapping is set, it can be seamlessly utilized to design the multiway filtering couplers based on resonator lattices. A number of cross-coupled resonator networks that realize three-, four-, and five-way couplers are then introduced. The proposed topology enables in-line power combiner architectures, which are very useful in the realization of high-power systems. Moreover, it boasts advantageous graceful degradation characteristics in case of faults at any of the inputs. Design examples realized in both coaxial and ridge waveguide resonators are then presented, as examples of the available RF/microwave technologies suitable for implementation. A proof-of-concept prototype was fully validated with fabrication and testing, demonstrating good results.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"266-276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2024.3454126
Kun Li, Bin Liu, Tiedi Zhang, Pei-Ling Chi, Tao Yang
{"title":"A 16–34 GHz CMOS Reconfigurable Bandpass Filter Using Mode-Switching Transformer","authors":"Kun Li, Bin Liu, Tiedi Zhang, Pei-Ling Chi, Tao Yang","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2024.3454126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2024.3454126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2024.3449128
Xiaopeng Wang, Kazuki Nomoto, Gianluca Fabi, Marco Farina, Debdeep Jena, Huili Grace Xing, James C. M. Hwang
{"title":"Quantitative Scanning Microwave Microscopy for Transfer Characteristics of GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors","authors":"Xiaopeng Wang, Kazuki Nomoto, Gianluca Fabi, Marco Farina, Debdeep Jena, Huili Grace Xing, James C. M. Hwang","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2024.3449128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2024.3449128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：