Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3611451
Tasnim Tamanna;Orchi Hassan
We propose a field-free purely current-driven spin oscillator device featuring a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with an in-plane magnetized free and fixed layer. Our approach involves the application of a large pulse followed by a small dc current to induce spin oscillation without the need for any external magnetic field. We demonstrate that for stable sustained oscillation, the initial large pulse amplitude needs to be ~3× the zero-field critical current of the free layer (FL) magnet, and the smaller dc current amplitude needs to be set at ~0.4× the zero-field critical current. The frequency of oscillation depends primarily on the amplitude of the dc current applied. For magnets with an energy barrier between 25 and 80 kBT, the device can oscillate in the microwave frequency range (6–8 GHz) with sub-mA current and power consumption in the range of few tens of microwatts.
{"title":"Dynamic Control of Field-Free Spin Oscillator Through Current Pulse Modulation","authors":"Tasnim Tamanna;Orchi Hassan","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3611451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3611451","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a field-free purely current-driven spin oscillator device featuring a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with an in-plane magnetized free and fixed layer. Our approach involves the application of a large pulse followed by a small dc current to induce spin oscillation without the need for any external magnetic field. We demonstrate that for stable sustained oscillation, the initial large pulse amplitude needs to be ~3× the zero-field critical current of the free layer (FL) magnet, and the smaller dc current amplitude needs to be set at ~0.4× the zero-field critical current. The frequency of oscillation depends primarily on the amplitude of the dc current applied. For magnets with an energy barrier between 25 and 80 kBT, the device can oscillate in the microwave frequency range (6–8 GHz) with sub-mA current and power consumption in the range of few tens of microwatts.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3610542
Yang Li;Jingen Wu;Yiwei Xu;Jiacheng Qiao;Yongjun Du;Heng Huang;Fuzhe Fan;Zhiguang Wang;Zhongqiang Hu;Ming Liu
Calibration is essential to three-axis magnetometers in most applications. Typically, the ellipsoid calibration method considers a sensor’s positive sensitive directions along its geometric axes as default, which may lead to inaccurate sensitivities and misalignments. In this work, we propose a modified ellipsoid calibration algorithm to eliminate such indeterminacy. A three-axis magnetometer comprised of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors and a 3-D printed structure was calibrated to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. It realized 1.68° and 3.94° average errors of azimuth and elevation, respectively, for spatial dc magnetic field angle detection. Also, we demonstrate a two-step method for angle resolving and a Monte Carlo simulation method for calibration performance prediction based on uncertainties. The proposed method reveals significant potential for calibration and evaluation of three-axis magnetometers.
{"title":"A Modified Ellipsoid Calibration Method for Three-Axis Magnetometer Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistive Sensors","authors":"Yang Li;Jingen Wu;Yiwei Xu;Jiacheng Qiao;Yongjun Du;Heng Huang;Fuzhe Fan;Zhiguang Wang;Zhongqiang Hu;Ming Liu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3610542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3610542","url":null,"abstract":"Calibration is essential to three-axis magnetometers in most applications. Typically, the ellipsoid calibration method considers a sensor’s positive sensitive directions along its geometric axes as default, which may lead to inaccurate sensitivities and misalignments. In this work, we propose a modified ellipsoid calibration algorithm to eliminate such indeterminacy. A three-axis magnetometer comprised of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors and a 3-D printed structure was calibrated to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. It realized 1.68° and 3.94° average errors of azimuth and elevation, respectively, for spatial dc magnetic field angle detection. Also, we demonstrate a two-step method for angle resolving and a Monte Carlo simulation method for calibration performance prediction based on uncertainties. The proposed method reveals significant potential for calibration and evaluation of three-axis magnetometers.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetoresistance-superconductor composite magnetic sensors, as high-sensitivity detectors for weak magnetic fields, have significant application potential in fields, such as magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography, and high-precision nondestructive testing. However, with the continuous improvement in the magnetic field resolution of magnetoresistance-superconductor composite magnetic sensors, their detection range is progressively shrinking, which makes it difficult to meet the required measurement range for magnetic fields. This article addresses this issue by proposing a magnetic field feedback compensation system based on magnetoresistance-superconductor composite magnetic sensors, aimed at satisfying the sensor's high sensitivity and wide measurement range requirements. Theoretical and experimental results fully verify that the feedback compensation system can greatly improve the range of TMR-superconducting composite devices on the basis of ensuring their sensitivity. The work in this article will be helpful to the research and practical application in highly sensitive magnetoresistance sensor.
{"title":"Research on Magnetic Field Feedback Compensation System Based on Highly Sensitive TMR-Superconducting Composite Magnetic Sensor","authors":"Siyuan Han;Yue Wu;Liye Xiao;Zhenhu Jin;Jiamin Chen","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3610630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3610630","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetoresistance-superconductor composite magnetic sensors, as high-sensitivity detectors for weak magnetic fields, have significant application potential in fields, such as magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography, and high-precision nondestructive testing. However, with the continuous improvement in the magnetic field resolution of magnetoresistance-superconductor composite magnetic sensors, their detection range is progressively shrinking, which makes it difficult to meet the required measurement range for magnetic fields. This article addresses this issue by proposing a magnetic field feedback compensation system based on magnetoresistance-superconductor composite magnetic sensors, aimed at satisfying the sensor's high sensitivity and wide measurement range requirements. Theoretical and experimental results fully verify that the feedback compensation system can greatly improve the range of TMR-superconducting composite devices on the basis of ensuring their sensitivity. The work in this article will be helpful to the research and practical application in highly sensitive magnetoresistance sensor.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3604525
Samuel J. R. Holt;Andrea Petrocchi;Martin Lang;Swapneel A. Pathak;Hans Fangohr
Finite difference-based micromagnetic simulations are a powerful tool for the computational investigation of magnetic structures. In this article, we demonstrate how the discretization of continuous micromagnetic equations introduces a numerical “discretization anisotropy.” We demonstrate that, in certain scenarios, this anisotropy operates on an energy scale comparable to that of intrinsic physical phenomena. Furthermore, we illustrate that selecting appropriate finite difference stencils and minimizing the size of the discretization cells are effective strategies to mitigate the discretization anisotropy.
{"title":"Discretization Anisotropy in Finite Difference Micromagnetic Simulations","authors":"Samuel J. R. Holt;Andrea Petrocchi;Martin Lang;Swapneel A. Pathak;Hans Fangohr","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3604525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3604525","url":null,"abstract":"Finite difference-based micromagnetic simulations are a powerful tool for the computational investigation of magnetic structures. In this article, we demonstrate how the discretization of continuous micromagnetic equations introduces a numerical “discretization anisotropy.” We demonstrate that, in certain scenarios, this anisotropy operates on an energy scale comparable to that of intrinsic physical phenomena. Furthermore, we illustrate that selecting appropriate finite difference stencils and minimizing the size of the discretization cells are effective strategies to mitigate the discretization anisotropy.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11159113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical disks are the ideal option for cold data storage because of their large capacity, extended lifespan, and low power consumption. To guarantee data dependability, strong error correction codes (ECCs) are needed since an increase in optical disk storage density raises the error rate. Generalized integrated interleaved (GII) codes based on Reed–Solomon (RS) codes can provide adequate data reliability at high code rates. However, the GII codes suffer from high decoding complexity due to nested decoding, which increases hardware resource consumption. Moreover, existing GII decoders are not optimized for the burst error characteristics in optical disk storage, limiting their error correction capability. In this paper, we propose an area-efficient OGII decoder architecture tailored for optical storage. The OGII decoder incorporates two key techniques: 1) a pipelining technique to reduce overall hardware resource consumption and 2) an error-erasure correction algorithm to enhance burst error correction capability. However, the key equation solver (KES) block remains the core component of the OGII decoder, and the introduction of the error-erasure correction algorithm increases complexity. Therefore, we propose a crisscross inverse-free Berlekamp–Massey architecture (CIBMA) to reduce hardware resource consumption and improve utilization efficiency in the core decoder module. Hardware implementation results demonstrate that under equivalent error correction capability, compared with traditional RS decoders in optical disk storage, the OGII achieves a 7.2% higher code rate and 15% lower power consumption with only $1.17times $ hardware resource utilization. Simulation experiments under identical code rates show that with a raw symbol error rate of 0.02 and additional burst errors, the OGII decoder reduces block error rate by 4–5 orders of magnitude compared with conventional GII decoders, and 3–4 orders of magnitude compared with traditional RS decoders. For the core CIBMA module in OGII, it achieves at least 20% hardware resource reduction and 50% improvement in pipeline utilization efficiency compared with other architectures based on error-erasure correction algorithms.
{"title":"OGII: An Optimized Generalized Integrated Interleaved Decoder for Optical Disk Storage","authors":"Tianwei Gui;Meng Zhang;Wei Li;Zheng Fang;Changsheng Xie;Fei Wu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3606217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3606217","url":null,"abstract":"Optical disks are the ideal option for cold data storage because of their large capacity, extended lifespan, and low power consumption. To guarantee data dependability, strong error correction codes (ECCs) are needed since an increase in optical disk storage density raises the error rate. Generalized integrated interleaved (GII) codes based on Reed–Solomon (RS) codes can provide adequate data reliability at high code rates. However, the GII codes suffer from high decoding complexity due to nested decoding, which increases hardware resource consumption. Moreover, existing GII decoders are not optimized for the burst error characteristics in optical disk storage, limiting their error correction capability. In this paper, we propose an area-efficient OGII decoder architecture tailored for optical storage. The OGII decoder incorporates two key techniques: 1) a pipelining technique to reduce overall hardware resource consumption and 2) an error-erasure correction algorithm to enhance burst error correction capability. However, the key equation solver (KES) block remains the core component of the OGII decoder, and the introduction of the error-erasure correction algorithm increases complexity. Therefore, we propose a crisscross inverse-free Berlekamp–Massey architecture (CIBMA) to reduce hardware resource consumption and improve utilization efficiency in the core decoder module. Hardware implementation results demonstrate that under equivalent error correction capability, compared with traditional RS decoders in optical disk storage, the OGII achieves a 7.2% higher code rate and 15% lower power consumption with only <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.17times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> hardware resource utilization. Simulation experiments under identical code rates show that with a raw symbol error rate of 0.02 and additional burst errors, the OGII decoder reduces block error rate by 4–5 orders of magnitude compared with conventional GII decoders, and 3–4 orders of magnitude compared with traditional RS decoders. For the core CIBMA module in OGII, it achieves at least 20% hardware resource reduction and 50% improvement in pipeline utilization efficiency compared with other architectures based on error-erasure correction algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 10","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605690
Jinji Sun;Mengsu Zhao;Daiyong Chen;Haifeng Zhang
In magnetoencephalography (MEG) and cold atom clocks systems, measurement of target signals requires a near-zero magnetic environment. To achieve this, it is critical to apply an external magnetic field to minimize the internal field. However, external magnetic compensation remains challenging due to the nonlinear relationship between the external magnetic field and remnant magnetism. Precise and parsimonious modeling for this nonlinear characteristic is important to enhance the magnetic compensation performance. Currently, two methods are employed for modeling the nonlinear behavior: analytical methods involve complex computational procedures and are easily subject to geometric constraints of the shell; direct fitting methods are unsuitable for high-precision tasks. In this article, a 3-D modeling method for the nonlinear relationship is proposed. The remanent magnetism is divided into the sum of the linearly attenuated magnetic field from the external environment and the induced magnetic field from the material. The nonlinear magnetization behavior of the material is then described by the Bouc–Wen (BW) model. Thus, the remanent magnetization nonlinear model is obtained based on the attenuated magnetic field, induced magnetic field, and the BW model (AIF-BW model). The results show that the AIF-BW model is superior to existing methods in terms of calculation accuracy and computational simplicity. And it is applicable to shielding layers with different geometries. On the other hand, the model is in the form of a first-order derivative equation, which allows to establish a close connection between the magnetic shielding problem and control theory. Therefore, this study has important application significance for active magnetic compensation technology.
{"title":"Nonlinear Modeling Research on External Magnetic Field and Remanent Magnetism in Magnetic Shielding Shell","authors":"Jinji Sun;Mengsu Zhao;Daiyong Chen;Haifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605690","url":null,"abstract":"In magnetoencephalography (MEG) and cold atom clocks systems, measurement of target signals requires a near-zero magnetic environment. To achieve this, it is critical to apply an external magnetic field to minimize the internal field. However, external magnetic compensation remains challenging due to the nonlinear relationship between the external magnetic field and remnant magnetism. Precise and parsimonious modeling for this nonlinear characteristic is important to enhance the magnetic compensation performance. Currently, two methods are employed for modeling the nonlinear behavior: analytical methods involve complex computational procedures and are easily subject to geometric constraints of the shell; direct fitting methods are unsuitable for high-precision tasks. In this article, a 3-D modeling method for the nonlinear relationship is proposed. The remanent magnetism is divided into the sum of the linearly attenuated magnetic field from the external environment and the induced magnetic field from the material. The nonlinear magnetization behavior of the material is then described by the Bouc–Wen (BW) model. Thus, the remanent magnetization nonlinear model is obtained based on the attenuated magnetic field, induced magnetic field, and the BW model (AIF-BW model). The results show that the AIF-BW model is superior to existing methods in terms of calculation accuracy and computational simplicity. And it is applicable to shielding layers with different geometries. On the other hand, the model is in the form of a first-order derivative equation, which allows to establish a close connection between the magnetic shielding problem and control theory. Therefore, this study has important application significance for active magnetic compensation technology.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605351
Wei Yan;Bing Peng
The performance of dual-stator axial flux permanent magnet machines (AFPMMs) is constrained by significant eddy current loss in the permanent magnets (PMs). In this article, a method is proposed to reduce PM eddy current loss by employing sandwich rotor to divert the armature field harmonics. Based on the minimum reluctance principle, the feasibility of sandwich rotor preventing armature field harmonics from penetrating in PM is first investigated. Then, a general quasi-3D magnetic field analytical model based on the subdomain method is established, and the effectiveness of soft magnetic material in diverting high-order armature field harmonics is quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, a PM eddy current loss evaluation model using equivalent resistance network is developed. The overall performance, including no-load back electromotive force (EMF), output torque, and PM eddy current loss with different thicknesses of soft magnetic material, is analyzed, and guidelines are provided for the design of sandwich-rotor AFPMMs. Finally, a prototype is manufactured, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are confirmed through finite element method (FEM) and prototype experiments.
{"title":"Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Loss Reduction in Dual-Stator Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines With Sandwich Rotor","authors":"Wei Yan;Bing Peng","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605351","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of dual-stator axial flux permanent magnet machines (AFPMMs) is constrained by significant eddy current loss in the permanent magnets (PMs). In this article, a method is proposed to reduce PM eddy current loss by employing sandwich rotor to divert the armature field harmonics. Based on the minimum reluctance principle, the feasibility of sandwich rotor preventing armature field harmonics from penetrating in PM is first investigated. Then, a general quasi-3D magnetic field analytical model based on the subdomain method is established, and the effectiveness of soft magnetic material in diverting high-order armature field harmonics is quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, a PM eddy current loss evaluation model using equivalent resistance network is developed. The overall performance, including no-load back electromotive force (EMF), output torque, and PM eddy current loss with different thicknesses of soft magnetic material, is analyzed, and guidelines are provided for the design of sandwich-rotor AFPMMs. Finally, a prototype is manufactured, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are confirmed through finite element method (FEM) and prototype experiments.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large synchronous machines designed for high-speed operation often feature a solid rotor construction that guarantees the needed robustness against centrifugal forces. The rotor solid steel is exposed to air-gap field ripples due to stator slotting, which cause eddy currents possibly leading to overheating and efficiency issues. Milling circumferential grooves in the solid-pole surface is a common provision to limit such eddy currents. This article proposes a methodology to investigate the effect of grooving on rotor losses using either suited experimental tests or finite element analysis (FEA) of a 3-D model tailored to minimize the computational burden. Such methodology is applied to a custom prototype device, obtaining a good accordance between the results provided by the two independent approaches. This confirms the validity of the proposed solution, which can thus be used to investigate and optimize application-related designs.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Methods to Estimate Eddy-Current Losses in Grooved Solid Rotors as Used in Synchronous Machines","authors":"Matteo Olivo;Cesare Ciriani;Mario Mezzarobba;Alberto Tessarolo;Paolo Bolognesi","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3605077","url":null,"abstract":"Large synchronous machines designed for high-speed operation often feature a solid rotor construction that guarantees the needed robustness against centrifugal forces. The rotor solid steel is exposed to air-gap field ripples due to stator slotting, which cause eddy currents possibly leading to overheating and efficiency issues. Milling circumferential grooves in the solid-pole surface is a common provision to limit such eddy currents. This article proposes a methodology to investigate the effect of grooving on rotor losses using either suited experimental tests or finite element analysis (FEA) of a 3-D model tailored to minimize the computational burden. Such methodology is applied to a custom prototype device, obtaining a good accordance between the results provided by the two independent approaches. This confirms the validity of the proposed solution, which can thus be used to investigate and optimize application-related designs.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 10","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3604424
Ze Yao;Xinyu Bi;Wuliang Yin;Lu Ma
The article proposes an alternating-frequency electromagnetic approach for the measurement of flow velocity and fluid conductivity. The system integrates nested inductive coils and electrodes, applying high- and low-frequency excitations to generate a dynamic primary magnetic field within the measurement domain. As conductive fluids traverse this domain, both induced and motional electromotive forces (EMFs) are generated. By analyzing the electrode potentials and phase angles associated with coil-induced voltages, the system extracts real-time information about flow velocity and fluid conductivity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method enables co-located, high-resolution measurements of velocity and conductivity, offering a new pathway for flow measurement.
{"title":"An Alternating-Frequency Electromagnetic Fusion Method for Flow Measurement","authors":"Ze Yao;Xinyu Bi;Wuliang Yin;Lu Ma","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3604424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3604424","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes an alternating-frequency electromagnetic approach for the measurement of flow velocity and fluid conductivity. The system integrates nested inductive coils and electrodes, applying high- and low-frequency excitations to generate a dynamic primary magnetic field within the measurement domain. As conductive fluids traverse this domain, both induced and motional electromotive forces (EMFs) are generated. By analyzing the electrode potentials and phase angles associated with coil-induced voltages, the system extracts real-time information about flow velocity and fluid conductivity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method enables co-located, high-resolution measurements of velocity and conductivity, offering a new pathway for flow measurement.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 10","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3601469
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3601469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3601469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 9","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11142838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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