Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0519
H. Narahara, F. Gao
The continued effects of the global spread of COVID-19 have reaffirmed that restrictions on the movement of people and products have geopolitical consequences. In addition, the impacts involved in the decarbonization of the global environment have further strengthened the growing demand for the building of a sustainable society. These factors have had no small impact on the global economy and on global manufacturing as well. In this context, the demand for the realization of new manufacturing technologies that can respond to changes in social and economic environments has been growing. This special issue focuses on recent advances in manufacturing technologies that maximize product quality and reduce costs, with an emphasis on the machinery industry. This special issue of the IJAT contains 12 papers. These include works on cutting technology, machining metrology, advanced machine tools, gear manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing, and more. The first five papers are proposals for new cutting technologies and elucidations of cutting phenomena. The next three papers are new proposals for machining measurements. The next two papers are on precision positioning technologies and a rack gear compensation technology. The last two papers are theoretical investigations into the basic phenomenon of additive manufacturing and its applications. These papers were originally presented at the 10th International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in the 21st Century (LEM21), held in Kitakyushu, Japan in 2021. The papers have been revised and expanded at the request of the editors. The editors would like to thank all authors for their comprehensive efforts in making this special issue possible, and would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their hard work. We wish them all the best in their future research in this field of manufacturing technology.
{"title":"Editorial: Recent Progress in Manufacturing Technology","authors":"H. Narahara, F. Gao","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0519","url":null,"abstract":"The continued effects of the global spread of COVID-19 have reaffirmed that restrictions on the movement of people and products have geopolitical consequences. In addition, the impacts involved in the decarbonization of the global environment have further strengthened the growing demand for the building of a sustainable society. These factors have had no small impact on the global economy and on global manufacturing as well. In this context, the demand for the realization of new manufacturing technologies that can respond to changes in social and economic environments has been growing.\u0000 This special issue focuses on recent advances in manufacturing technologies that maximize product quality and reduce costs, with an emphasis on the machinery industry. This special issue of the IJAT contains 12 papers. These include works on cutting technology, machining metrology, advanced machine tools, gear manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing, and more. The first five papers are proposals for new cutting technologies and elucidations of cutting phenomena. The next three papers are new proposals for machining measurements. The next two papers are on precision positioning technologies and a rack gear compensation technology. The last two papers are theoretical investigations into the basic phenomenon of additive manufacturing and its applications.\u0000 These papers were originally presented at the 10th International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in the 21st Century (LEM21), held in Kitakyushu, Japan in 2021. The papers have been revised and expanded at the request of the editors.\u0000 The editors would like to thank all authors for their comprehensive efforts in making this special issue possible, and would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their hard work. We wish them all the best in their future research in this field of manufacturing technology.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"9 1","pages":"519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75234635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1299/jsmelem.2021.10.051-069
Yuto Yamazaki, T. Takada, H. Kato, S. Sakamoto
Titanium alloys are widely used as aerospace materials, especially for turbine blades, due to their excellent mechanical properties. In the high-efficiency machining of titanium alloy turbine blades, the feed rate for ball-end milling is limited to 1000 mm/min due to the low thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity of the titanium alloy. These characteristics result in tool damage and an increase in the cutting temperature, significantly reducing the machined surface accuracy. A new processing method is thus needed for achieving a high accuracy and high efficiency in titanium alloy machining. It has been reported that driven rotary machining of hardened steel improves the machined surface and increases the processing efficiency, suggesting that high-efficiency machining can be realized by employing hale machining with a rotary tool. In this study, hale machining was performed using a driven rotary tool and the effects of different cutting conditions and cutting environment on the machining characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the tool life was longest at a feed rate of 9000 mm/min among the three feed conditions because the number of times of adhesion and detachment decreased with the decreasing friction distance of the cutting edge. Furthermore, it was clarified that adhesion formation at the cutting edge was suppressed by lubrication with an oil mist in a minimum quantity lubrication environment. This lubrication effect reduced the tool damage and adherence at the cutting edge, significantly extending the tool life and improving the machined surface quality compared to the results obtained in a wet environment.
{"title":"High-Efficiency Machining of Titanium Alloy Using Combined Machining Method of Driven Rotary Tool and Hale Machining","authors":"Yuto Yamazaki, T. Takada, H. Kato, S. Sakamoto","doi":"10.1299/jsmelem.2021.10.051-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2021.10.051-069","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium alloys are widely used as aerospace materials, especially for turbine blades, due to their excellent mechanical properties. In the high-efficiency machining of titanium alloy turbine blades, the feed rate for ball-end milling is limited to 1000 mm/min due to the low thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity of the titanium alloy. These characteristics result in tool damage and an increase in the cutting temperature, significantly reducing the machined surface accuracy. A new processing method is thus needed for achieving a high accuracy and high efficiency in titanium alloy machining. It has been reported that driven rotary machining of hardened steel improves the machined surface and increases the processing efficiency, suggesting that high-efficiency machining can be realized by employing hale machining with a rotary tool. In this study, hale machining was performed using a driven rotary tool and the effects of different cutting conditions and cutting environment on the machining characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the tool life was longest at a feed rate of 9000 mm/min among the three feed conditions because the number of times of adhesion and detachment decreased with the decreasing friction distance of the cutting edge. Furthermore, it was clarified that adhesion formation at the cutting edge was suppressed by lubrication with an oil mist in a minimum quantity lubrication environment. This lubrication effect reduced the tool damage and adherence at the cutting edge, significantly extending the tool life and improving the machined surface quality compared to the results obtained in a wet environment.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"15 1","pages":"520-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80218514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0562
Meng-Hao Yang, Feng Zhang, K. Teramoto
The deformation of the thermal workpiece in the end-milling process has a significant effect on the accuracy of machining. In-process direct measurement of workpiece deformation is difficult because process disturbances occur during machining. On the other hand, local temperatures of the workpiece can be easily and accurately measured using common measuring methods. This study aims to develop a monitoring method for workpiece deformations. A sensor-configured thermal simulation is proposed by combining local temperature measurements with thermal simulations to estimate the thermal states of the workpiece in small-lot production. Furthermore, an empirical modeling method is introduced to estimate the workpiece deformation from measured temperatures, thereby accelerating process time. A reliable estimation requires the selection of appropriate measuring points. Using multiple linear regression (MLR), a statistics-based selection method is proposed to establish a relationship between thermal deformation and temperatures of measuring points in various machining situations. During the end-milling process, the predicted time-series of deformations at the machining point and temperatures of the measuring points are regarded as output variables and input variables, respectively, in the finite element method (FEM)-based thermal simulation. The number of measuring points is determined by evaluating Akaike information criterion (AIC), and effective measuring points are selected using the p-value index. The proposed systematic construction method is evaluated using simulation-based case studies. The constructed temperature-based model for measuring workpiece deformation corresponded well to the FEM simulation. Therefore, the constructed model can represent workpiece deformation with the minimum number of measuring points.
热工件在立铣削加工过程中的变形对加工精度有重要影响。由于加工过程中会出现加工干扰，因此在加工过程中直接测量工件变形是困难的。另一方面，使用常用的测量方法可以方便、准确地测量工件的局部温度。本研究旨在开发一种工件变形监测方法。提出了一种传感器组态热模拟方法，将局部温度测量与热模拟相结合，以估计小批量生产中工件的热状态。此外，还引入了一种经验建模方法，通过测量温度来估计工件变形，从而加快了加工时间。可靠的估计需要选择适当的测量点。利用多元线性回归(MLR)，提出了一种基于统计的选择方法，建立了不同加工情况下测点的热变形与温度之间的关系。在基于有限元法的铣削过程热仿真中，将加工点变形预测时间序列和测量点温度预测时间序列分别作为输出变量和输入变量。通过评价赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion, AIC)确定测点数量，利用p值指标选择有效测点。采用基于仿真的案例研究对提出的系统构建方法进行了评估。所建立的基于温度的工件变形测量模型与有限元模拟结果吻合较好。因此，所构建的模型可以用最少的测点来表示工件的变形。
{"title":"Statistics-Based Measuring Point Selection for Monitoring the Thermal Deformation of a Workpiece in End-Milling","authors":"Meng-Hao Yang, Feng Zhang, K. Teramoto","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0562","url":null,"abstract":"The deformation of the thermal workpiece in the end-milling process has a significant effect on the accuracy of machining. In-process direct measurement of workpiece deformation is difficult because process disturbances occur during machining. On the other hand, local temperatures of the workpiece can be easily and accurately measured using common measuring methods. This study aims to develop a monitoring method for workpiece deformations. A sensor-configured thermal simulation is proposed by combining local temperature measurements with thermal simulations to estimate the thermal states of the workpiece in small-lot production. Furthermore, an empirical modeling method is introduced to estimate the workpiece deformation from measured temperatures, thereby accelerating process time. A reliable estimation requires the selection of appropriate measuring points. Using multiple linear regression (MLR), a statistics-based selection method is proposed to establish a relationship between thermal deformation and temperatures of measuring points in various machining situations. During the end-milling process, the predicted time-series of deformations at the machining point and temperatures of the measuring points are regarded as output variables and input variables, respectively, in the finite element method (FEM)-based thermal simulation. The number of measuring points is determined by evaluating Akaike information criterion (AIC), and effective measuring points are selected using the p-value index. The proposed systematic construction method is evaluated using simulation-based case studies. The constructed temperature-based model for measuring workpiece deformation corresponded well to the FEM simulation. Therefore, the constructed model can represent workpiece deformation with the minimum number of measuring points.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"110 1","pages":"562-571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83864097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0625
S. Taki, Shohei Yonezawa
The ocular movements of skilled and unskilled engine lathe operators were analyzed as a preliminary step in developing a method for supporting the transfer of skills in engine lathe machining. An attempt was made to elucidate the difference in skilled and unskilled workers operating a lathe with a digital position display device (digital readout display meter) that can display the machining status of the workpieces. The impact of the digital position display device was investigated by evaluating and comparing the quality of each production from the operations. In addition, because skillful estimation is necessary for most manufacturing tasks, the differences between the ranges of visual examination of workers were analyzed while a workpiece was being measured.
{"title":"Motion Analysis of Lathe Machining Work Using a Digital Position Display Device","authors":"S. Taki, Shohei Yonezawa","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0625","url":null,"abstract":"The ocular movements of skilled and unskilled engine lathe operators were analyzed as a preliminary step in developing a method for supporting the transfer of skills in engine lathe machining. An attempt was made to elucidate the difference in skilled and unskilled workers operating a lathe with a digital position display device (digital readout display meter) that can display the machining status of the workpieces. The impact of the digital position display device was investigated by evaluating and comparing the quality of each production from the operations. In addition, because skillful estimation is necessary for most manufacturing tasks, the differences between the ranges of visual examination of workers were analyzed while a workpiece was being measured.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"3 1","pages":"625-633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88484514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0421
Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Yuya Nagahata, F. Kobayashi
Food texture is one of the most important factors in determining the personal palatability of foods, so food companies require food texture measurement and evaluation in developing novel food products. However, instruments are not fast enough or strong enough to imitate human mastication. To measure the textures of different foods, this study proposes a sensor stand that uses a rod-type actuator. The target speed and force of the sensor stand are 100 mm/s and 100 N, respectively. A food texture sensor that imitates the structure of a human tooth is attached to the sensor stand. The sensor stand and a desktop computer make up the measurement system. Using the system, the fundamental characteristics of the sensor stand with the texture sensor are demonstrated. Verification experiments confirm that the sensor stand satisfies the target values of speed and force. Experiments on actual food items also demonstrate the effectiveness of the measurement system in evaluating food textures.
{"title":"Food Texture Measurement System Using Rod Type Actuator for Imitation of Human Mastication","authors":"Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Yuya Nagahata, F. Kobayashi","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0421","url":null,"abstract":"Food texture is one of the most important factors in determining the personal palatability of foods, so food companies require food texture measurement and evaluation in developing novel food products. However, instruments are not fast enough or strong enough to imitate human mastication. To measure the textures of different foods, this study proposes a sensor stand that uses a rod-type actuator. The target speed and force of the sensor stand are 100 mm/s and 100 N, respectively. A food texture sensor that imitates the structure of a human tooth is attached to the sensor stand. The sensor stand and a desktop computer make up the measurement system. Using the system, the fundamental characteristics of the sensor stand with the texture sensor are demonstrated. Verification experiments confirm that the sensor stand satisfies the target values of speed and force. Experiments on actual food items also demonstrate the effectiveness of the measurement system in evaluating food textures.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"50 1","pages":"421-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77258914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0464
N. Nobunaga, S. Kumagai, M. Sasaki
Electrostatic Si resonator was applied to sense the voltage at the facing electrode in a highly isolated approach. The resonant frequency shifts under the effect of the electrical field from the facing electrode connected to the high voltage (corresponding to the battery). Here, two resonators are fabricated. The electrical isolation was obtained by driving the resonators to be floated electrically. The charging of the resonator causes the fluctuation of the driving performance, degrading the sensing resolution. The driving voltage was set to be bipolar to avoid the fluctuation. This novel method stabilizes the resonant frequency realizing 0.25 V accuracy against 80 V. Feasibility for measuring the voltage up to 420 V is demonstrated.
{"title":"Bipolar Electrostatic Driving of Isolated Micro-Resonator for Sensing High Voltage of Battery Output with Resolution","authors":"N. Nobunaga, S. Kumagai, M. Sasaki","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0464","url":null,"abstract":"Electrostatic Si resonator was applied to sense the voltage at the facing electrode in a highly isolated approach. The resonant frequency shifts under the effect of the electrical field from the facing electrode connected to the high voltage (corresponding to the battery). Here, two resonators are fabricated. The electrical isolation was obtained by driving the resonators to be floated electrically. The charging of the resonator causes the fluctuation of the driving performance, degrading the sensing resolution. The driving voltage was set to be bipolar to avoid the fluctuation. This novel method stabilizes the resonant frequency realizing 0.25 V accuracy against 80 V. Feasibility for measuring the voltage up to 420 V is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"1 1","pages":"464-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85236428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0497
Hiroto Tanaka, Y. Morimoto, Akio Hayashi, H. Yamaoka
Parallel mechanisms with multiple links have been expected to be used in machining because they are higher in rigidity, accuracy, and output power than series mechanisms, such as industrial robots. However, unlike conventional machine tools, which consist of linear and rotary axes, parallel mechanisms have a large number of error factors. In the parallel link mechanism, there is no guide surface that physically guarantees linearity, and all accuracy is determined by the operating performance of the composite axes. This makes it difficult to identify any error factors. Therefore, a kinematics model is devised, and the behavior of the tool tip is checked by inputting the encoder information during the actual operation of a specific axis. Based on the results, we evaluate the machining characteristics of the target machine tool. The target machine tool in this study is a 5-axis machine tool that combines a 3-DOF parallel mechanism consisting of three linear motion axes and a 2-DOF serial mechanism consisting of two rotary axes. In our previous research, we tried to build a forward kinematics model. Although its prediction accuracy was insufficient, it was possible to actually identify the cause of the defect in the quality of the machined surface using the servo position information of the kinematics machine. However, we have not been able to construct an inverse kinematics model that is suitable for calculating the correction position command value to improve the quality of the machined surface. In this study, based on the shape creation theory, we devise and evaluate the kinematics model of a robotic machine tool that has a parallel mechanism. As a result of comparing the kinematics model with the 3D-CAD model in order to evaluate the accuracy of the former, it was confirmed that the proposed method has high simulation accuracy. Then, machining tests were carried out to evaluate the machining accuracy by measuring, based on proposed kinematics model, the machined surfaces in order to identify the mechanism that affects the texture of the machined surface. In addition, we performed a circle interpolation to confirm the effects of reversing the motion of each drive axis on the behavior of the tool tip. As a result, it is considered that the linear motion axis has a large effect on the behavior of the tool tip on the quadrant glitch of each drive axis. It was also found that the effects of the 1st- and 3rd-axes on the behavior of the tool tip are different from those of the 2nd-axis.
{"title":"Posture Evaluation Based on Forward Kinematics and Inverse Kinematics of Parallel Link Type Machine Tool","authors":"Hiroto Tanaka, Y. Morimoto, Akio Hayashi, H. Yamaoka","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0497","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel mechanisms with multiple links have been expected to be used in machining because they are higher in rigidity, accuracy, and output power than series mechanisms, such as industrial robots. However, unlike conventional machine tools, which consist of linear and rotary axes, parallel mechanisms have a large number of error factors. In the parallel link mechanism, there is no guide surface that physically guarantees linearity, and all accuracy is determined by the operating performance of the composite axes. This makes it difficult to identify any error factors. Therefore, a kinematics model is devised, and the behavior of the tool tip is checked by inputting the encoder information during the actual operation of a specific axis. Based on the results, we evaluate the machining characteristics of the target machine tool. The target machine tool in this study is a 5-axis machine tool that combines a 3-DOF parallel mechanism consisting of three linear motion axes and a 2-DOF serial mechanism consisting of two rotary axes. In our previous research, we tried to build a forward kinematics model. Although its prediction accuracy was insufficient, it was possible to actually identify the cause of the defect in the quality of the machined surface using the servo position information of the kinematics machine. However, we have not been able to construct an inverse kinematics model that is suitable for calculating the correction position command value to improve the quality of the machined surface. In this study, based on the shape creation theory, we devise and evaluate the kinematics model of a robotic machine tool that has a parallel mechanism. As a result of comparing the kinematics model with the 3D-CAD model in order to evaluate the accuracy of the former, it was confirmed that the proposed method has high simulation accuracy. Then, machining tests were carried out to evaluate the machining accuracy by measuring, based on proposed kinematics model, the machined surfaces in order to identify the mechanism that affects the texture of the machined surface. In addition, we performed a circle interpolation to confirm the effects of reversing the motion of each drive axis on the behavior of the tool tip. As a result, it is considered that the linear motion axis has a large effect on the behavior of the tool tip on the quadrant glitch of each drive axis. It was also found that the effects of the 1st- and 3rd-axes on the behavior of the tool tip are different from those of the 2nd-axis.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"38 1","pages":"497-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73703667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0478
Kento Goda, H. Kajiwara, M. Aoyagi
A multi-degree-of-freedom, spherical ultrasonic motor (MDOF-SUSM) has been proposed to reduce the size and weight of actuator systems capable of MDOF motion. The MDOF-SUSM is expected to be used in manipulators and spacecraft because of its noiseless, self-holding, and non-magnetic properties. Previous studies have shown the feasibility of the MDOF-SUSM using a spherical stator, but the weight of the device was problematic. This paper describes a hemispherical shell stator devised to reduce the weight of the MDOF-SUSM. For the prototype stator, a suitable vibration mode search and an excitation method were investigated using finite element analysis (FEA). A combination of l2m1-mode and l1m0-mode was selected and found to be excitable by an arched piezoelectric ceramic plate bonded to the opening. A stator support mechanism using four tuning forks was also devised. The vibration characteristics of the prototype stator were experimentally investigated. The results of FEA and displacement measurement confirmed the formation of multiple natural vibration modes that can be used for rotation. Rotation with three degrees of freedom was confirmed to be possible by combining the vibration modes. In short, a hemispherical shell stator for the MDOF-SUSM was created, and it is lighter in weight than the MDOF-SUSM that used a spherical stator.
{"title":"Examination of Hemispherical Shell Stator for Lightweight Spherical Ultrasonic Motor","authors":"Kento Goda, H. Kajiwara, M. Aoyagi","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0478","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-degree-of-freedom, spherical ultrasonic motor (MDOF-SUSM) has been proposed to reduce the size and weight of actuator systems capable of MDOF motion. The MDOF-SUSM is expected to be used in manipulators and spacecraft because of its noiseless, self-holding, and non-magnetic properties. Previous studies have shown the feasibility of the MDOF-SUSM using a spherical stator, but the weight of the device was problematic. This paper describes a hemispherical shell stator devised to reduce the weight of the MDOF-SUSM. For the prototype stator, a suitable vibration mode search and an excitation method were investigated using finite element analysis (FEA). A combination of l2m1-mode and l1m0-mode was selected and found to be excitable by an arched piezoelectric ceramic plate bonded to the opening. A stator support mechanism using four tuning forks was also devised. The vibration characteristics of the prototype stator were experimentally investigated. The results of FEA and displacement measurement confirmed the formation of multiple natural vibration modes that can be used for rotation. Rotation with three degrees of freedom was confirmed to be possible by combining the vibration modes. In short, a hemispherical shell stator for the MDOF-SUSM was created, and it is lighter in weight than the MDOF-SUSM that used a spherical stator.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"156 1","pages":"478-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79887108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0436
Satoshi Tsuruhara, Ryo Inada, K. Ito
The tap-water-driven McKibben artificial muscle has many advantages and is expected to be applied in mechanical systems that require a high degree of cleanliness. However, the muscle has strong asymmetric hysteresis characteristics that depend on the load, and these problems prevent its widespread use. In this study, a novel control method, model predictive control with a servomechanism based on inverse optimization with adaptive model matching, was developed. This control method was applied to the muscle by using a high-precision mathematical model employing an asymmetric Bouc-Wen model. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved a high tracking performance for a given reference frequency, with a mean absolute error of 0.13 mm in the steady-state response and with easier controller tuning. Furthermore, the contributions of the controller elements of the proposed method were evaluated. The results show that the contribution of the adaptive system was higher than that of the servo system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of adaptive model matching was verified.
{"title":"Model Predictive Displacement Control Tuning for Tap-Water-Driven Artificial Muscle by Inverse Optimization with Adaptive Model Matching and its Contribution Analyses","authors":"Satoshi Tsuruhara, Ryo Inada, K. Ito","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0436","url":null,"abstract":"The tap-water-driven McKibben artificial muscle has many advantages and is expected to be applied in mechanical systems that require a high degree of cleanliness. However, the muscle has strong asymmetric hysteresis characteristics that depend on the load, and these problems prevent its widespread use. In this study, a novel control method, model predictive control with a servomechanism based on inverse optimization with adaptive model matching, was developed. This control method was applied to the muscle by using a high-precision mathematical model employing an asymmetric Bouc-Wen model. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved a high tracking performance for a given reference frequency, with a mean absolute error of 0.13 mm in the steady-state response and with easier controller tuning. Furthermore, the contributions of the controller elements of the proposed method were evaluated. The results show that the contribution of the adaptive system was higher than that of the servo system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of adaptive model matching was verified.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"20 1","pages":"436-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82760897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0385
K. Furutani
Actuators are components that are essential to the moving, manipulating, or deforming of objects. Historically, conventional electromagnetic motors as well as pneumatic and hydraulic actuators have been developed to sophistication. In the past several decades, however, many other kinds of actuators based on novel principles have also been proposed. These have employed physical or/and chemical effects, such as piezoelectric, electrostatic, or giant magnetostrctive effects, as well as thermal expansion, phase transformation, or ion mobility in polymers. Not only the novel actuators but also conventional ones have been continually evolving in astounding ways. These actuators have been embedded not only in conventional machines but also in smart ones, such as artificial muscles for robots and power assist systems, electric vehicles, and machine tools. By combining the actuators with the Internet of Things (IoT), they are also used to test equipment. In addition, there is no doubt that the technologies involved in the development of novel actuators and the improvement of their efficiency are key to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as actuators currently consume a huge aggregate amount of energy. In sum, actuators have the potential to be central to the development of innovative machines. This special issue features one review, six research papers, and three technical papers on the most recent advances in various types of actuators. These papers cover topics that include magnetic levitation technologies for precision motion control, electromagnetic motors, fluid power actuators, electrostatic actuators embedded in micro-electromechanical systems, and an ultrasonic motor, plus their applications. All the papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. I believe that this special issue will help the readers to enhance their understanding and knowledge of actuators and their applications. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the excellent contributions of all the authors, and I appreciate the incisive efforts of reviewers in producing this special issue.
{"title":"Editorial: State-of-the-Art Actuators: Design, Analysis, Control, Materials, Systems, and Applications","authors":"K. Furutani","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0385","url":null,"abstract":"Actuators are components that are essential to the moving, manipulating, or deforming of objects. Historically, conventional electromagnetic motors as well as pneumatic and hydraulic actuators have been developed to sophistication. In the past several decades, however, many other kinds of actuators based on novel principles have also been proposed. These have employed physical or/and chemical effects, such as piezoelectric, electrostatic, or giant magnetostrctive effects, as well as thermal expansion, phase transformation, or ion mobility in polymers. Not only the novel actuators but also conventional ones have been continually evolving in astounding ways. These actuators have been embedded not only in conventional machines but also in smart ones, such as artificial muscles for robots and power assist systems, electric vehicles, and machine tools. By combining the actuators with the Internet of Things (IoT), they are also used to test equipment. In addition, there is no doubt that the technologies involved in the development of novel actuators and the improvement of their efficiency are key to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as actuators currently consume a huge aggregate amount of energy. In sum, actuators have the potential to be central to the development of innovative machines.\u0000 This special issue features one review, six research papers, and three technical papers on the most recent advances in various types of actuators. These papers cover topics that include magnetic levitation technologies for precision motion control, electromagnetic motors, fluid power actuators, electrostatic actuators embedded in micro-electromechanical systems, and an ultrasonic motor, plus their applications.\u0000 All the papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. I believe that this special issue will help the readers to enhance their understanding and knowledge of actuators and their applications. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the excellent contributions of all the authors, and I appreciate the incisive efforts of reviewers in producing this special issue.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"18 1","pages":"385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88743609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：