Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106193
Ji-Dong Gu
{"title":"Plastics degradation by mealworm is being challenged","authors":"Ji-Dong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106169
Adam Krajewski, Michał Drożdżek, Piotr Witomski
The rot of Pinus sylvestris L. sapwood caused by Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst. and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd was conducted at various times. The content of holocellulose, cellulose and lignin in control blocks and decayed blocks was determined. Subsequently control blocks after brown rot and white rot were exposed for four weeks to feeding on termites Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in cocompulsion tests according to ASTM D 3345-08 (2017) procedure. Weight mass losses of wood caused by fungi were calculated, termite eating and jointly for both degradation factors in all experimental variants. The visual method of assessing the grade of wood damage recommended in ASTM D 3345-08 (2017) turned out to be unreliable. The correlation between the losses of wood after decomposition by fungi and the losses of holocellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as the coefficient of determination was calculated. Termites destroyed wood more quickly and to a greater extent if it was partially decayed by fungus than wood without any rot. The degradation of wood by termites increases with the decomposition state of wood by fungi and the loss of holocellulose and especially hemicellulose.
松果霉（Coniophora puteana）引起的松材腐病p .岩溶。和彩板草（L.）劳埃德在不同时期被指挥过。测定了对照块和腐烂块中纤维素、纤维素和木质素的含量。随后，根据ASTM D 3345-08（2017）程序，将褐腐病和白腐病后的对照块暴露于以白蚁Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837)（等翅目：鼻白蚁科）为食的共强迫试验中，为期4周。计算了真菌引起的木材重量质量损失，白蚁的摄食和两种降解因素在所有实验变异体中的共同作用。ASTM D 3345-08（2017）中推荐的评估木材损伤等级的视觉方法被证明是不可靠的。计算了真菌分解后木材的损失量与全纤维素、纤维素和木质素的损失量的相关关系及决定系数。与未腐烂的木材相比，被真菌部分腐烂的木材被白蚁破坏的速度更快，程度也更大。随着木材被真菌分解的状态和全纤维素尤其是半纤维素的损失，白蚁对木材的降解也会增加。
{"title":"The influence of the decay degree of Pinus sylvestris L. sapwood by fungi on the feeding of termites Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837) in compulsion test","authors":"Adam Krajewski, Michał Drożdżek, Piotr Witomski","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rot of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L. sapwood caused by <em>Coniophora puteana</em> (Schumach.) P. Karst. and <em>Trametes versicolor</em> (L.) Lloyd was conducted at various times. The content of holocellulose, cellulose and lignin in control blocks and decayed blocks was determined. Subsequently control blocks after brown rot and white rot were exposed for four weeks to feeding on termites <em>Reticulitermes flavipes</em> (Kollar, 1837) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in cocompulsion tests according to ASTM D 3345-08 (2017) procedure. Weight mass losses of wood caused by fungi were calculated, termite eating and jointly for both degradation factors in all experimental variants. The visual method of assessing the grade of wood damage recommended in ASTM D 3345-08 (2017) turned out to be unreliable. The correlation between the losses of wood after decomposition by fungi and the losses of holocellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as the coefficient of determination was calculated. Termites destroyed wood more quickly and to a greater extent if it was partially decayed by fungus than wood without any rot. The degradation of wood by termites increases with the decomposition state of wood by fungi and the loss of holocellulose and especially hemicellulose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106194
Amin Mojiri , John L. Zhou , Bahareh KarimiDermani , Mohammadtaghi Vakili , Shahabaldin Rezania
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review examines the sources, transport mechanisms, and ecological impacts of MPs in aquatic environments, and critically evaluates the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies including bioremediation innovations. Alarmingly high concentrations of MPs have been recorded, with estimates reaching the millions of MPs per liter in water bodies. Several studies reveal that certain microbial consortia, particularly those involving fungi and specific algae, show removal efficiencies exceeding 90%, though scalability and efficacy in natural settings are limited by environmental variability. Additionally, machine learning models have demonstrated high accuracy in detecting and classifying MPs, especially when leveraging neural networks. These technologies hold promises for real-time monitoring and management of MP pollution but require extensive datasets and robust training to achieve operational reliability. The review also highlights the potential of engineered bioremediation technologies to effectively address MP pollution.
{"title":"Microplastics in aquatic environments: Bridging occurrence and mitigation through machine learning detection and bioremediation strategies","authors":"Amin Mojiri , John L. Zhou , Bahareh KarimiDermani , Mohammadtaghi Vakili , Shahabaldin Rezania","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review examines the sources, transport mechanisms, and ecological impacts of MPs in aquatic environments, and critically evaluates the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies including bioremediation innovations. Alarmingly high concentrations of MPs have been recorded, with estimates reaching the millions of MPs per liter in water bodies. Several studies reveal that certain microbial consortia, particularly those involving fungi and specific algae, show removal efficiencies exceeding 90%, though scalability and efficacy in natural settings are limited by environmental variability. Additionally, machine learning models have demonstrated high accuracy in detecting and classifying MPs, especially when leveraging neural networks. These technologies hold promises for real-time monitoring and management of MP pollution but require extensive datasets and robust training to achieve operational reliability. The review also highlights the potential of engineered bioremediation technologies to effectively address MP pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106195
Yu'na Kan , Shengcheng Zhai , Yuandi Jiang , Bingwei Chen , Guangyuan Bai , Tomoya Imai
Understanding the chemical structure and pyrolysis characteristics of wood at varying stages of degradation is crucial for elucidating the degradation mechanisms of brown-rot fungi and facilitating the value-added utilization of degraded wood. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to classify Masson pine and spruce after brown-rot fungal degradation by Gloeophyllum trabeum. Clustering analysis classified the degraded wood into three distinct severity grades, with lignin content serving as the key parameter for this classification. FT-IR analysis revealed considerable variability in slight degraded samples, attributed to differential degradation rates between earlywood and latewood. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed brown-rot fungal degradation lowered the pyrolysis temperature and the initial activation energy of Masson pine. These changes were attributed to the breakdown of the dense wood structure, lignin enrichment, and weakened interactions between chemical components. Furthermore, the FT-IR band intensity ratio R(I1263/I2900), C/O ratio from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and char yield exhibited strong correlations with lignin content, demonstrating their potential as reliable indicators for predicting chemical composition and classifying brown-rot fungal degradation severity. This study provided a rapid, quantitative prediction of chemical composition and classification in brown-rot degraded wood, providing a basis for its classification and utilization.
{"title":"Classification and characteristics of wood degraded by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum based on chemical structure and pyrolysis","authors":"Yu'na Kan , Shengcheng Zhai , Yuandi Jiang , Bingwei Chen , Guangyuan Bai , Tomoya Imai","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the chemical structure and pyrolysis characteristics of wood at varying stages of degradation is crucial for elucidating the degradation mechanisms of brown-rot fungi and facilitating the value-added utilization of degraded wood. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to classify Masson pine and spruce after brown-rot fungal degradation by <em>Gloeophyllum trabeum</em>. Clustering analysis classified the degraded wood into three distinct severity grades, with lignin content serving as the key parameter for this classification. FT-IR analysis revealed considerable variability in slight degraded samples, attributed to differential degradation rates between earlywood and latewood. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed brown-rot fungal degradation lowered the pyrolysis temperature and the initial activation energy of Masson pine. These changes were attributed to the breakdown of the dense wood structure, lignin enrichment, and weakened interactions between chemical components. Furthermore, the FT-IR band intensity ratio R(I<sub>1263</sub>/I<sub>2900</sub>), C/O ratio from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and char yield exhibited strong correlations with lignin content, demonstrating their potential as reliable indicators for predicting chemical composition and classifying brown-rot fungal degradation severity. This study provided a rapid, quantitative prediction of chemical composition and classification in brown-rot degraded wood, providing a basis for its classification and utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106192
Fang Ma , Shuxin Tan , Yi Jiang , Nihong Yao , Zhengzheng Cao , Qiaoyun Huang , Wenli Chen
Bacteria contribute significantly to the remediation of cadmium pollution, however, the understanding of functional strains from a genetic evolutionary perspective has been limited. In this study, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HC89 efficiently adsorbed 120 mg/L Cd(II) (CdCl2) under acidic conditions (pH 4) within 48 h, exhibiting broad heavy metal tolerance. Optimized cultivation via response surface methodology enhanced its performance. The strain-adapted rice showed a 69.60 % reduction in aboveground Cd content and a 16.23 %, 15.85 %, and 12.77 % increase in plant height, root length, and fresh weight, respectively, as compared with the control. Notably, physiological improvements included a 28.13 % decrease in malondialdehyde and a 79.50 % increase in chlorophyll, confirming HC89's Cd-lowering and growth-promoting effects. Pan-genomic analysis of 44 S. maltophilia genomes revealed 50 core genes among 123 heavy metal-related genes, indicating stable evolutionary conservation of functional traits. This study identifies S. maltophilia HC89 as a promising resource for Cd bioremediation and provides genomic insights into the species' heavy metal resistance mechanisms.
{"title":"Cadmium bioremediation and oxidative stress mitigation of acid-tolerant microbial strain in rice based on pan-genomic analysis","authors":"Fang Ma , Shuxin Tan , Yi Jiang , Nihong Yao , Zhengzheng Cao , Qiaoyun Huang , Wenli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria contribute significantly to the remediation of cadmium pollution, however, the understanding of functional strains from a genetic evolutionary perspective has been limited. In this study, <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> HC89 efficiently adsorbed 120 mg/L Cd(II) (CdCl<sub>2</sub>) under acidic conditions (pH 4) within 48 h, exhibiting broad heavy metal tolerance. Optimized cultivation via response surface methodology enhanced its performance. The strain-adapted rice showed a 69.60 % reduction in aboveground Cd content and a 16.23 %, 15.85 %, and 12.77 % increase in plant height, root length, and fresh weight, respectively, as compared with the control. Notably, physiological improvements included a 28.13 % decrease in malondialdehyde and a 79.50 % increase in chlorophyll, confirming HC89's Cd-lowering and growth-promoting effects. Pan-genomic analysis of 44 <em>S. maltophilia</em> genomes revealed 50 core genes among 123 heavy metal-related genes, indicating stable evolutionary conservation of functional traits. This study identifies <em>S. maltophilia</em> HC89 as a promising resource for Cd bioremediation and provides genomic insights into the species' heavy metal resistance mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106191
Zahra Mohammadizadeh Tahroudi, Sinu Sunny, Gavin R. Flematti, Georg Fritz, Rob Atkin
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a prevalent plastic material that presents significant environmental concerns due to its resistance to degradation and plasticizer content. While insects like mealworms and superworms have been suggested as potential biodegraders of PVC, several critical questions remain unexplored: Can mealworms and superworms utilize plasticized PVC as a carbon source, and how do varying dioctyl phthalate (DOP) concentrations affect consumption, survival, and polymer degradation mechanisms? This study addresses these questions by feeding PVC formulations containing 50–100 % PVC with varying DOP concentrations to individually housed mealworms and superworms. Growth, survival, and metamorphosis patterns were monitored, while gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to study polymer changes. Our results reveal a fundamental disconnect between physical consumption and biochemical utilization. While both species consumed PVC, with consumption rates increasing proportionally with DOP content (reaching 0.20 mg/day in superworms at 50 % DOP), this mechanical processing failed to translate into metabolic benefit. Instead, PVC exposure proved actively toxic, with survival rates falling below starvation controls, indicating that consumed PVC disrupts normal physiological processes rather than serving as a carbon source. Importantly, GPC analysis revealed no molecular weight changes in consumed PVC, confirming the absence of biochemical depolymerization despite enhanced consumption of plasticized formulations. These findings demonstrate that while plasticizers facilitate mechanical breakdown through polymer softening, the organisms cannot achieve the biochemical transformation necessary for PVC utilization. These findings provide the first systematic evidence that neither mealworms nor superworms can effectively utilize PVC or its plasticizers as carbon sources for metabolism, challenging previous assumptions about insects' capacity for PVC biodegradation. Future research should focus on alternative approaches for addressing PVC waste accumulation.
{"title":"Mealworms and superworms fail to biodegrade PVC despite consumption","authors":"Zahra Mohammadizadeh Tahroudi, Sinu Sunny, Gavin R. Flematti, Georg Fritz, Rob Atkin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a prevalent plastic material that presents significant environmental concerns due to its resistance to degradation and plasticizer content. While insects like mealworms and superworms have been suggested as potential biodegraders of PVC, several critical questions remain unexplored: Can mealworms and superworms utilize plasticized PVC as a carbon source, and how do varying dioctyl phthalate (DOP) concentrations affect consumption, survival, and polymer degradation mechanisms? This study addresses these questions by feeding PVC formulations containing 50–100 % PVC with varying DOP concentrations to individually housed mealworms and superworms. Growth, survival, and metamorphosis patterns were monitored, while gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to study polymer changes. Our results reveal a fundamental disconnect between physical consumption and biochemical utilization. While both species consumed PVC, with consumption rates increasing proportionally with DOP content (reaching 0.20 mg/day in superworms at 50 % DOP), this mechanical processing failed to translate into metabolic benefit. Instead, PVC exposure proved actively toxic, with survival rates falling below starvation controls, indicating that consumed PVC disrupts normal physiological processes rather than serving as a carbon source. Importantly, GPC analysis revealed no molecular weight changes in consumed PVC, confirming the absence of biochemical depolymerization despite enhanced consumption of plasticized formulations. These findings demonstrate that while plasticizers facilitate mechanical breakdown through polymer softening, the organisms cannot achieve the biochemical transformation necessary for PVC utilization. These findings provide the first systematic evidence that neither mealworms nor superworms can effectively utilize PVC or its plasticizers as carbon sources for metabolism, challenging previous assumptions about insects' capacity for PVC biodegradation. Future research should focus on alternative approaches for addressing PVC waste accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodeterioration of mural paintings in hypogeal environments is often driven by complex microbial communities. This study investigates the microbial colonization responsible for visible alterations on the mural paintings of the Tomba delle Leonesse, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the aim of identifying the microorganisms producing the black spots and olive-green biofilms and assessing their viability. Black-stained areas were sampled using sucrose-enriched traps to evaluate the metabolic reactivity of the resident microorganisms. Once viability was confirmed, a combination of cultivation methods and Nanopore sequencing was used to characterize the microbial taxa involved. Raman spectroscopy and proteomic analyses also revealed melanin production by several isolated fungal strains. The results reveal a viable and metabolically responsive microbial community contributing to biodeterioration. Although these microorganisms may be dormant under current conditions, they retain the capacity to rapidly reactivate in response to environmental changes. This suggests that even small changes—such as increased humidity, nutrient inputs from visitors, or the application of traditional biocides—could trigger uncontrolled microbial proliferation. These findings highlight the importance of adopting precautionary, microbiologically informed conservation strategies. In addition, the identification of enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis suggests that targeted metabolic inhibitors may offer a promising alternative to traditional biocide treatments.
壁画在水下环境中的生物退化通常是由复杂的微生物群落驱动的。本研究调查了导致联合国教科文组织世界遗产Tomba delle Leonesse壁画上可见变化的微生物定殖，目的是确定产生黑点和橄榄绿生物膜的微生物并评估其生存能力。用蔗糖富集陷阱对黑色染色区域取样，以评估常驻微生物的代谢反应性。一旦确定了生存能力，就结合培养方法和纳米孔测序来确定所涉及的微生物分类群。拉曼光谱和蛋白质组学分析也揭示了几种分离的真菌菌株产生黑色素。结果显示，一个有活力和代谢反应的微生物群落有助于生物降解。虽然这些微生物在当前条件下可能处于休眠状态，但它们保留了迅速重新激活以响应环境变化的能力。这表明，即使是很小的变化——比如湿度的增加、游客的营养投入或传统杀菌剂的使用——也可能引发不受控制的微生物增殖。这些发现强调了采取预防性、微生物保护策略的重要性。此外，对参与黑色素生物合成的酶的鉴定表明，靶向代谢抑制剂可能是传统杀菌剂治疗的一个有希望的替代方案。
{"title":"Multidisciplinary characterization of fungi and cyanobacteria involved in biodeterioration of the Tomba delle Leonesse, Tarquinia, Italy","authors":"Matilde Kratter , Marzia Beccaccioli , Francesca Benedetti , Luca Buccini , Anacleto Proietti , Gianluca Zanellato , Maria Cristina Tomassetti , Marco Rossi , Luigi Faino , Massimo Reverberi , Katell Bathany , Caroline Tokarski , Mariano Battistuzzi , Beatrice Boccia , Nicoletta La Rocca , Teresa Rinaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodeterioration of mural paintings in hypogeal environments is often driven by complex microbial communities. This study investigates the microbial colonization responsible for visible alterations on the mural paintings of the <em>Tomba delle Leonesse</em>, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the aim of identifying the microorganisms producing the black spots and olive-green biofilms and assessing their viability. Black-stained areas were sampled using sucrose-enriched traps to evaluate the metabolic reactivity of the resident microorganisms. Once viability was confirmed, a combination of cultivation methods and Nanopore sequencing was used to characterize the microbial taxa involved. Raman spectroscopy and proteomic analyses also revealed melanin production by several isolated fungal strains. The results reveal a viable and metabolically responsive microbial community contributing to biodeterioration. Although these microorganisms may be dormant under current conditions, they retain the capacity to rapidly reactivate in response to environmental changes. This suggests that even small changes—such as increased humidity, nutrient inputs from visitors, or the application of traditional biocides—could trigger uncontrolled microbial proliferation. These findings highlight the importance of adopting precautionary, microbiologically informed conservation strategies. In addition, the identification of enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis suggests that targeted metabolic inhibitors may offer a promising alternative to traditional biocide treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106189
Fei Liu , Meng Huang , Chenyu Li , Linlin Chen , Yongming Zhang , Bruce E. Rittmann
For the biological treatment of nitrogenous organic wastewater (NOW), oxidation of the organics (i.e., COD or BOD) must be augmented by efficient total nitrogen (TN) removal, because ammonium nitrogen is released during the biodegradation of the organics. Wastewater from the production of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is a typical NOW, as biodegradation of NMP releases ammonium. Classical wastewater treatment processes for TN removal involve complex nitrification and denitrification steps. In this work, a strain of fungus, Apiotrichum loubieri, was isolated from acclimated biomass and employed to enhance NMP treatment in one stage via ammonium uptake for biosynthesis. Three protocols -- NMP-acclimated biomass alone, NMP-acclimated biomass plus A. loubieri, and NMP-acclimated biomass plus A. loubieri and glucose added -- were employed for NMP biodegradation and TN removal. The first two protocols did not achieve effective TN removal, although NMP disappeared. However, the third protocol achieved simultaneous NMP and TN removals. TN removal was mostly attributed to biosynthesis, during which NMP and glucose contributed about 33 % and 67 %, respectively, of the electron donor for biomass synthesis and uptake of NH4+-N. Meanwhile, the electron-distribution coefficient (fs) was 0.47 e– eq to biomass/e– eq from the donors, a low value reflecting the electrons needed for initial mono-oxygenations. High-throughput, whole-gene sequencing of the acclimated biomass and A. loubieri supported that, while that the acclimated biomass carried out NMP biodegradation, A. loubieri was responsible for TN removal through biosynthesis.
对于含氮有机废水（NOW）的生物处理，有机物的氧化（即COD或BOD）必须通过有效的总氮（TN）去除来增强，因为在有机物的生物降解过程中会释放铵态氮。n -甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）生产废水是一种典型的NOW，因为NMP的生物降解释放出铵。去除总氮的经典废水处理工艺包括复杂的硝化和反硝化步骤。本研究从驯化的生物质中分离出一株卢比里尖孢霉（Apiotrichum loubieri），通过氨吸收进行生物合成，在一个阶段加强NMP处理。三种方案——NMP驯化的生物量单独，NMP驯化的生物量加卢比氏线虫，以及NMP驯化的生物量加卢比氏线虫和葡萄糖——用于NMP的生物降解和TN的去除。虽然NMP消失了，但前两种方案并未有效去除TN。然而，第三种方案同时实现了NMP和TN的去除。TN的去除主要归功于生物合成，其中NMP和葡萄糖分别贡献了约33%和67%的电子供体用于生物质合成和NH4+-N的吸收。同时，供体的电子分配系数（fs）为0.47 e - eq /生物量/e - eq，反映了初始单氧化所需的电子。驯化生物量和loubieri的高通量全基因测序支持驯化生物量进行NMP生物降解，而loubieri则通过生物合成来去除TN。
{"title":"Simultaneous N-methyl pyrrolidone and total-nitrogen removals in a single aerobic process","authors":"Fei Liu , Meng Huang , Chenyu Li , Linlin Chen , Yongming Zhang , Bruce E. Rittmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the biological treatment of nitrogenous organic wastewater (NOW), oxidation of the organics (i.e., COD or BOD) must be augmented by efficient total nitrogen (TN) removal, because ammonium nitrogen is released during the biodegradation of the organics. Wastewater from the production of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is a typical NOW, as biodegradation of NMP releases ammonium. Classical wastewater treatment processes for TN removal involve complex nitrification and denitrification steps. In this work, a strain of fungus, <em>Apiotrichum loubieri</em>, was isolated from acclimated biomass and employed to enhance NMP treatment in one stage via ammonium uptake for biosynthesis. Three protocols -- NMP-acclimated biomass alone, NMP-acclimated biomass plus <em>A</em>. <em>loubieri</em>, and NMP-acclimated biomass plus <em>A</em>. <em>loubieri</em> and glucose added -- were employed for NMP biodegradation and TN removal. The first two protocols did not achieve effective TN removal, although NMP disappeared. However, the third protocol achieved simultaneous NMP and TN removals. TN removal was mostly attributed to biosynthesis, during which NMP and glucose contributed about 33 % and 67 %, respectively, of the electron donor for biomass synthesis and uptake of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N. Meanwhile, the electron-distribution coefficient (<em>f</em><sub>s</sub>) was 0.47 e<sup>–</sup> eq to biomass/e<sup>–</sup> eq from the donors, a low value reflecting the electrons needed for initial mono-oxygenations. High-throughput, whole-gene sequencing of the acclimated biomass and <em>A. loubieri</em> supported that, while that the acclimated biomass carried out NMP biodegradation, <em>A. loubieri</em> was responsible for TN removal through biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As bioleaching proceeds, the accumulation of hazardous substances (for example, organic matter) is detrimental to the survival of microorganisms. Microorganisms can cooperate with each other to resist the harsh environment. Unfortunately, little is known about how archaea improve bacterial growth and activity to cope with environmental stress. Here, bioleaching of sulphide ore (chalcopyrite and pyrite) was carried out by co-culture and pure culture of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Ferroplasma acidiphilum under organic matter. The results showed that the copper and ferric extraction in the co-culture system were increased by 31.5 % and 31.7 % compared to the pure culture system of L. ferriphilum, respectively. In addition, L. ferriphilum grown better in the co-culture system compared with that in the pure culture system. Importantly, the results revealed that expression level of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and stress resistance were significantly upregulated in L. ferriphilum in the co-culture system compared to the pure culture system. This study is of great significance in gaining insights into the mechanisms of interactions between bioleaching microorganisms in extreme environments, and provides useful insights into how to improve bioleaching performance.
{"title":"Ferroplasma acidiphilum enhance the growth and activity of Leptospirillum ferriphilum by affecting the genes expression of oxidative phosphorylation and stress resistance under organic matter stress","authors":"Yuguang Wang , Xiangdan Zhou , Zhiqiang Wu , Lumiao Bian , Hongbo Zhou , Zhu Chen , Chenbing Ai , Haina Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As bioleaching proceeds, the accumulation of hazardous substances (for example, organic matter) is detrimental to the survival of microorganisms. Microorganisms can cooperate with each other to resist the harsh environment. Unfortunately, little is known about how archaea improve bacterial growth and activity to cope with environmental stress. Here, bioleaching of sulphide ore (chalcopyrite and pyrite) was carried out by co-culture and pure culture of <em>Leptospirillum ferriphilum</em> and <em>Ferroplasma acidiphilum</em> under organic matter. The results showed that the copper and ferric extraction in the co-culture system were increased by 31.5 % and 31.7 % compared to the pure culture system of <em>L. ferriphilum</em>, respectively. In addition, <em>L. ferriphilum</em> grown better in the co-culture system compared with that in the pure culture system. Importantly, the results revealed that expression level of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and stress resistance were significantly upregulated in <em>L. ferriphilum</em> in the co-culture system compared to the pure culture system. This study is of great significance in gaining insights into the mechanisms of interactions between bioleaching microorganisms in extreme environments, and provides useful insights into how to improve bioleaching performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106186
Parvaze Ahmad Wani , Unzilla Amin , Abbas Ahmad Khan , Bashir Ahmad Ganai , Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan , Md Niamat Ali , Sehrish Shafi
Human activities introduce petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment, where they are recognized as hazardous compounds. Bacteria can degrade hydrocarbons by utilizing carbon and nitrogen off which these hydrocarbons are made off. Based on above facts, aim of this study was to observe the mechanism used by Bacillus cereus strain BY-6 for hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated soil. Present study reported degradation of compounds such as dodecane, nonane, n-hexadecanoic acid and naphthalene by Bacillus cereus strain BY-6 after 20 days of incubation in petroleum contaminated soil. Formation of vinyl carbon, aldehyde protons, boron nitrite and dibarium calcium tetranitridotungstate along with bio-film formation through expression of chemotaxis sensory proteins were mechanisms used by Bacillus cereus strain BY-6 for hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated soil. Degradation, xenobiotic and antioxidant proteins and genes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, xenobiotic reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, alkane monoxygenase, efflux pump etc were identified through liquid chromatograph—tendem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on above results, it is concluded that strain BY-6 can be utilized for mass production which may restore petroleum contaminated soil to its natural form.
{"title":"Antioxidant and xenobiotic proteins driven hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated soil by bio-film forming Bacillus cereus BY-6","authors":"Parvaze Ahmad Wani , Unzilla Amin , Abbas Ahmad Khan , Bashir Ahmad Ganai , Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan , Md Niamat Ali , Sehrish Shafi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities introduce petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment, where they are recognized as hazardous compounds. Bacteria can degrade hydrocarbons by utilizing carbon and nitrogen off which these hydrocarbons are made off. Based on above facts, aim of this study was to observe the mechanism used by <em>Bacillus cereus</em> strain BY-6 for hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated soil. Present study reported degradation of compounds such as dodecane, nonane, n-hexadecanoic acid and naphthalene by <em>Bacillus cereus</em> strain BY-6 after 20 days of incubation in petroleum contaminated soil. Formation of vinyl carbon, aldehyde protons, boron nitrite and dibarium calcium tetranitridotungstate along with bio-film formation through expression of chemotaxis sensory proteins were mechanisms used by <em>Bacillus cereus</em> strain BY-6 for hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated soil. Degradation, xenobiotic and antioxidant proteins and genes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, xenobiotic reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, alkane monoxygenase, efflux pump etc were identified through liquid chromatograph—tendem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on above results, it is concluded that strain BY-6 can be utilized for mass production which may restore petroleum contaminated soil to its natural form.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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