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Nanoclay Reinforced Ternary Blends Based on Biodegradable Polymers for Drug Delivery Application. 基于可生物降解聚合物的纳米粘土增强三元共混物的药物传递应用。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6585305
Mohsin Ali, Sadullah Mir, Obaid-Ur-Rahman Abid, Mirza Arfan Yawer, Ihsan Ullah

In this study, ternary blends based on chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (nanoclay) clay were synthesized. These ternary blends were evaluated as transdermal drug delivery patches using tramadol as a model drug. The FTIR study showed interaction among important functional groups and compatibility among the mixing components. Among drug-loaded formulations, composite MA12 shows maximum thermal stability with 27.9% weight residue at 540°C. The prepared formulations exhibited crystalline nature as observed by XRD analysis. SEM studies revealed that there are no gaps and cracks in prepared films and nanoclay was found dispersed in the formulations. The swelling ratio was higher in pH 1.2 as compared to pH 4.5 and pH 6.8 buffers, and there was an increase in swelling with an increase in PVA concentration. Moreover, the drug release test performed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 showed that tramadol release from nanocomposite films increases with an increase in PEG concentration. Permeation studies indicated that the rate of permeation increased with a decrease in PVA concentration. The permeation rate was found to be higher for samples without nanoclay. The overall results suggest nanocomposite films as excellent candidates for transdermal drug delivery application.

本研究以壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇为基础,用有机改性蒙脱土(纳米粘土)增强三元共混物。以曲马多为模型药物,对这些三元共混物作为透皮给药贴剂进行了评价。FTIR研究表明,重要官能团之间存在相互作用,混合组分之间存在相容性。在载药制剂中,复合MA12在540℃时的热稳定性最高,残留量为27.9%。XRD分析表明,所制备的配方具有结晶性。扫描电镜研究表明,制备的薄膜中没有缝隙和裂缝,纳米粘土分散在配方中。与ph4.5和ph6.8缓冲液相比,ph1.2缓冲液的溶胀率更高,并且随着PVA浓度的增加,溶胀率增加。此外,在pH为6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中进行的药物释放试验表明,随着PEG浓度的增加,纳米复合膜的曲马多释放量增加。渗透研究表明,随着PVA浓度的降低,渗透速率增加。不含纳米粘土的样品的渗透速率更高。综上所述,纳米复合膜是经皮给药的理想候选材料。
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引用次数: 1
Emerging Development of Auto-Charging Sensors for Respiration Monitoring. 用于呼吸监测的自动充电传感器的新兴发展。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-29 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7098989
Hamza Abu Owida, Muhammad Al-Ayyad, Jamal I Al-Nabulsi

In recent years, the development of biomedical monitoring systems, including respiration monitoring systems, has been accelerated. Wearable and implantable medical devices are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and management of disease and illness. Respiration can be monitored using a variety of biosensors and systems. Auto-charged sensors have a number of advantages, including low cost, ease of preparation, design flexibility, and a wide range of applications. It is possible to use the auto-charged sensors to directly convert mechanical energy from the airflow into electricity. The ability to monitor and diagnose one's own health is a major goal of auto-charged sensors and systems. Respiratory disease model output signals have not been thoroughly investigated and clearly understood. As a result, figuring out their exact interrelationship is a difficult and important research question. This review summarized recent developments in auto-charged respiratory sensors and systems in terms of their device principle, output property, detecting index, and so on. Researchers with an interest in auto-charged sensors can use the information presented here to better understand the difficulties and opportunities that lie ahead.

近年来,包括呼吸监测系统在内的生物医学监测系统的发展速度加快。可穿戴和植入式医疗设备在疾病的诊断和管理中变得越来越重要。呼吸可以使用各种生物传感器和系统进行监测。自动充电传感器具有许多优点,包括低成本、易于准备、设计灵活性和广泛的应用。可以使用自动充电传感器将气流中的机械能直接转换为电能。监测和诊断自身健康状况的能力是自动充电传感器和系统的主要目标。呼吸系统疾病模型的输出信号尚未得到彻底的研究和清楚的理解。因此,弄清它们之间的确切相互关系是一个困难而重要的研究问题。这篇综述从设备原理、输出特性、检测指标等方面总结了自动充电呼吸传感器和系统的最新发展。对自动充电传感器感兴趣的研究人员可以利用这里提供的信息来更好地了解未来的困难和机遇。
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引用次数: 1
Extraction of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Silica from Agriculture Waste and Its Application in Synthesis of Wheat Gluten and Fish Scales Derived Bioplastic. 从农业废弃物中提取微晶纤维素和二氧化硅及其在合成小麦面筋和鱼鳞生物塑料中的应用
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-24 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2297364
S Samraj, K Senthilkumar, P Induja, M Venkata Ratnam, G V Aatral, G V S Ramakrishna

Plastics play a significant part in human life and the world we live in. The use of plastics results in detrimental effects on the natural world, which compels us to look for viable replacements. As a result of their enhanced capacity to biodegrade, bioplastics are becoming increasingly important materials. In recent years, there has been a rapid ascent in the utilization of biopolymers in various applications. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact that silica obtained from rice hull ash (RHA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from groundnut husk have on the properties of bioplastic obtained from wheat gluten and fish scales. The usage of fish scales has been shown to have a positive effect on weight reduction and debasement rates. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is utilized in a wide range of concentrations, and the influence of MCC on bioplastic is researched. The biodegradability tests of bioplastic revealed that the plastic lost 35% of its weight in just 14 days. The experiments that were done to evaluate the chemical stability and tensile strength of the bioplastic indicated that the MCC content has a significant effect in improving the characteristics of the material.

塑料在人类生活和我们生活的世界中扮演着重要的角色。塑料的使用对自然界产生了有害的影响,这迫使我们寻找可行的替代品。由于其生物降解能力的增强,生物塑料正成为越来越重要的材料。近年来,生物聚合物在各种应用中的应用迅速上升。本研究的目的是研究从稻壳灰(RHA)中获得的二氧化硅和从花生壳中获得的微晶纤维素(MCC)对从小麦面筋和鱼鳞中获得的生物塑料性能的影响。鱼鳞的使用已被证明对体重减轻和贬值率有积极作用。微晶纤维素(MCC)的应用范围很广,研究了微晶纤维素对生物塑料的影响。生物塑料的可生物降解性测试显示,这种塑料在14天内减轻了35%的重量。对生物塑料的化学稳定性和抗拉强度进行了评价,结果表明MCC含量对生物塑料的性能有显著的改善作用。
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引用次数: 1
Use of Eggshells as Bone Grafts around Commercially Pure Titanium Implant Screws Coated with Nano Calcium Sulfate. 用蛋壳作为骨移植物围绕覆有纳米硫酸钙的商业纯钛植入螺钉。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-10 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8722283
Dher Riyadh Kadhim, Thekra Ismael Hamad, Abdalbseet A Fatalla

Background: Implant insertion in regions with poor bone quantity, such as the posterior maxilla, is potentially associated with an increased rate of implant failure. Calcium sulfate can be used as the coating material for commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and as the bone graft material around implants when bound to eggshell powder to enhance the bone quality and quantity of bone defect regions. This study performed a torque removal test to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshell powder as a bone substitute for filling bone defects around CpTi-coated implants coated with nanocrystalline calcium sulfate.

Materials and methods: Eighty screw implant designs were used in the tibiae of 20 white New Zealand rabbits. A total of uncoated 20 screws constituted the control group, and the remaining 60 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate nanoparticles were used as the experimental groups as follows: 20 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate were used alone in the tibiae without gaps around them, 20 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate were used with the gaps made around them and filled with eggshell powder as the bone graft material, and 20 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate were used with the gaps made around them left unfilled.

Results: After 2 to 6 weeks of healing, a significant improvement in bone regeneration and an increase in torque removal values were observed when the bone defect around the CpTi implant coated with nano calcium sulfate was filled with eggshell powder as the bone substitute.

Conclusions: Nano calcium sulfate particles applied through the dip-coating method can successfully work as the coating material of CpTi implants. These particles work in synergy with eggshell powder to act as the bone graft around the implants.

背景:种植体植入骨量不足的区域,如后上颌,可能与种植体失败率增加有关。硫酸钙可作为市售纯钛(CpTi)的涂层材料,与蛋壳粉结合后可作为种植体周围的植骨材料,提高骨缺损区域的骨质和骨量。本研究进行了扭矩去除试验,以评估蛋壳粉作为骨替代物填充纳米硫酸钙涂层cpti植入物周围骨缺损的有效性。材料与方法:对20只新西兰白兔胫骨采用80种螺钉种植体设计。将未包覆的螺钉20枚作为对照组,其余60枚包覆纳米硫酸钙的螺钉作为实验组,分别为:应用纳米硫酸钙包膜螺钉20枚,在胫骨周围无间隙单独使用;应用纳米硫酸钙包膜螺钉20枚,在胫骨周围造出间隙后填充蛋壳粉作为植骨材料;应用纳米硫酸钙包膜螺钉20枚,在胫骨周围造出间隙后不填充。结果:愈合2 ~ 6周后,纳米硫酸钙涂层CpTi种植体周围骨缺损用蛋壳粉填充骨替代物,骨再生明显改善,扭矩去除值增加。结论:采用浸包法制备纳米硫酸钙颗粒可作为CpTi种植体的包覆材料。这些颗粒与蛋壳粉协同工作,充当植入物周围的骨移植物。
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引用次数: 7
Layer-by-Layer Fabrication of PAH/PAMAM/Nano-CaCO3 Composite Films and Characterization for Enhanced Biocompatibility. PAH/PAMAM/纳米caco3复合膜的逐层制备及其增强生物相容性的表征
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-31 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6331465
Naemi Tonateni Shifeta, Shindume Lomboleni Hamukwaya, Qi An, Huiying Hao, Melvin Mununuri Mashingaidze

Nanoparticle production and functionalization for various biomedical uses are still challenging. Polymer composites constituted of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles have good biocompatibility with physiological tissue and fluids, making them excellent candidates for biomedical applications. This study investigated the characteristics of polymeric/nano-CaCO3 composite films based on a PAH/PAMAM matrix, which were fabricated through layer-by-layer synthesis on quartz glass substrates. It was found that the as-prepared elastic moduli of the resultant (PAH/PAMAM) n -CaCO3 (where n represents the number of bilayers) composite films varied from 1.40 to 23.70 GPa for different degrees of cross-linking when 0.1 M nano-CaCO3 particles were incorporated into the polymer matrix. The highly cross-linked (PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3 composite film had the highest recorded elastic modulus of 23.70 GPa, while it was observed that for all the composite films fabricated for the present study, the addition of the nano-CaCO3 particles approximately doubled the elastic modulus regardless of the degree of polymerization. Live/Dead assays were used to determine whether the produced composite films were compatible with human lung fibroblast cells. The findings indicate that the (PAH/PAMAM)7.5-CaCO3 composite film had the most positive effect on cell growth and proliferation, with the (PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3 composite film demonstrating significant ion transport behavior with low impedance, which was considered good for in vivo rapid cell-to-cell communication. Therefore, the (PAH/PAMAM)7.5-CaCO3 and (PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3 composite films are potential tissue engineering biomaterials, but further studies are essential to generate more data to evaluate the suitability of these composites for this and other biomedical functions.

用于各种生物医学用途的纳米颗粒的生产和功能化仍然具有挑战性。由聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)、聚烯丙胺盐酸盐(PAH)和碳酸钙(CaCO3)纳米颗粒组成的聚合物复合材料具有良好的生理组织和液体生物相容性,是生物医学应用的理想选择。本文研究了基于PAH/PAMAM基质的聚合物/纳米caco3复合薄膜的性能,该薄膜是在石英玻璃衬底上逐层合成的。研究发现,当0.1 M纳米caco3颗粒掺入聚合物基体时,所制备的(PAH/PAMAM) n -CaCO3 (n表示双层层数)复合膜的弹性模量在1.40 ~ 23.70 GPa之间,交联程度不同。高交联(PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3复合膜的弹性模量最高,为23.70 GPa,而我们观察到,对于本研究制备的所有复合膜,纳米caco3颗粒的加入几乎使弹性模量增加了一倍,而不考虑聚合程度。采用活/死试验确定所制备的复合膜是否与人肺成纤维细胞相容。结果表明,(PAH/PAMAM)7.5-CaCO3复合膜对细胞生长和增殖的影响最为积极,其中(PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3复合膜具有显著的低阻抗离子传输行为,有利于细胞间的体内快速通信。因此,(PAH/PAMAM)7.5-CaCO3和(PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3复合膜是潜在的组织工程生物材料,但需要进一步的研究来获得更多的数据来评估这些复合材料在这一和其他生物医学功能上的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Component Composition and Biological Activity of Various Extracts of Onosma gmelinii (Boraginaceae). 龙葵科龙葵各种提取物的成分组成及生物活性研究
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-22 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4427804
Sergey V Shilov, Gulbaram O Ustenova, Lashyn N Kiyekbayeva, Ilya S Korotetskiy, Natalia V Kudashkina, Natalya V Zubenko, Raikhan A Parenova, Ardak B Jumagaziyeva, Zhanar A Iskakbayeva, Sabina T Kenesheva

Onosma roots are widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases throughout the world. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the component composition and biological activity of various extracts from the roots of Onosma gmelinii collected in the highlands of the Kakpakty Mountains of the Almaty region (Republic of Kazakhstan). Extracts were obtained by three different methods: percolation extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The component composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), naphthoquinones by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and spectrophotometric method. In this study, the presence of shikonin and its derivatives in the extracts was confirmed. The concentration of naphthoquinones during CO2 extraction was about 40%, during ultrasonic extraction about 3%, and during percolation extraction about 1.3%. The GC-MS method identified 69 chemical compounds in the ultrasonic extract, 46 compounds in the CO2 extract, and 51 compounds in the percolation extract. The extracts were tested on a panel of bacteria and viruses: two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027); nine Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-39, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 51625, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC BAA-660, Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51575, Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221); and two fungal species (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida albicans ATCC 2091); five subtypes of influenza virus A (A/FPV/Weybridge/78 (H7N7), A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 (H1N1), A/black-headed gull/Atyrau/743/04 (H13N6), A/FPV/Rostock/1934 (H7N1), A/Almaty/8/98 (H3N2)). The root extracts of Onosma gmelinii showed antibacterial activity in different degrees against all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains, while no inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria was observed. The results indicated that the ultrasonic extract effectively inhibits the growth of the majority of tested Gram-positive bacteria (MBC from 18.3 to 293.0 µg/mL). CO2 extract had the greatest bactericidal activity (MBC from 0.1 to 24.4 µg/mL). Percolation extract insignificantly inhibited bacterial growth (MBC from 2343.8 to 4687.5 µg/mL). CO2 extract and ultrasonic extract significantly reduced the activity of C. albicans. The results of the antiviral action showed that the ultrasonic extract has the greatest effectiveness against different subtypes of the influenza virus A, while other extracts did not show significant activity.

在世界各地的传统医学中,野草根被广泛用于治疗各种疾病。本研究首次研究了采自哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图地区Kakpakty山区高地的山茱萸(Onosma gmelinii)根中各种提取物的成分组成和生物活性。采用三种不同的提取方法:渗透提取、超声辅助提取和超临界二氧化碳提取。采用气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)、薄层色谱法(TLC)和分光光度法测定提取物的成分组成。本研究证实了紫草素及其衍生物在紫草提取物中的存在。CO2提取时萘醌类化合物的浓度约为40%,超声波提取时约为3%,渗流提取时约为1.3%。GC-MS法鉴定超声波提取物中有69种化合物,CO2提取物中有46种化合物,渗滤提取物中有51种化合物。提取液在一组细菌和病毒上进行测试:两种革兰氏阴性细菌(大肠杆菌ATCC 8739,铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 9027);9种革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538-P、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC BAA-39、表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 51625、表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 12228、化脓性链球菌ATCC 19615、肺炎链球菌ATCC BAA-660、肝炎肠球菌ATCC 10541、粪肠球菌ATCC 51575、屎肠球菌ATCC 700221);2种真菌(白色念珠菌ATCC 10231,白色念珠菌ATCC 2091);流感病毒A亚型(A/FPV/Weybridge/78 (H7N7)、A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 (H1N1)、A/黑头鸥/Atyrau/743/04 (H13N6)、A/FPV/Rostock/1934 (H7N1)、A/Almaty/8/98 (H3N2))。石竹根提取物对革兰氏阳性菌均有不同程度的抑菌活性,对革兰氏阴性菌无抑制作用。结果表明,超声提取液能有效抑制大部分革兰氏阳性菌的生长(MBC为18.3 ~ 293.0µg/mL)。CO2提取物的杀菌活性最高(MBC为0.1 ~ 24.4µg/mL)。渗滤液对细菌生长的抑制作用不显著(MBC为2343.8 ~ 4687.5µg/mL)。CO2提取液和超声波提取液显著降低了白色念珠菌的活性。结果表明,超声波提取物对不同亚型甲型流感病毒的抗病毒作用最大,而其他提取物的抗病毒作用不显著。
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引用次数: 2
Treatment of Municipal Wastewater in a Fixed Aerated Bed: Use of Natural Fibrous Materials. 固定曝气床处理城市污水:利用天然纤维材料。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-19 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4839913
Murugesan Manikkampatti Palanisamy, Minar Mohamed Lebbai, M Venkata Ratnam

The municipal wastewater may be treated using a number of different types of fixed beds that have a larger surface area. Since the fibrous materials have such a large specific surface area, they are frequently considered to be the best option for greater microbiological support and treatment efficacy. In this research, natural fibre materials such as coir fibre and areca husk were investigated for their potential to function as fixed aerated beds for the treatment of municipal wastewater. During the experiment, variations in the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of the effluent were used to determine how well the aerated fixed bed work in treating the wastewater. The most efficient operating parameters for the successful treatment of wastewater were determined to be a contact period of 72 hrs, a filter medium depth of 5 cm, and a packing density of 10 kg/m3. The reductions in BOD, COD, TDS, and TSS for coir fibre are 55%, 58.8%, 57.8%, and 51.89%, respectively, whereas the reductions for areca husk are 38.3%, 37.78%, 31.76%, and 30.56%, respectively. In the course of this experiment, the coir fibre was discovered to be marginally more effective in comparison to the areca husk.

城市污水可以使用许多不同类型的固定床进行处理,这些固定床具有较大的表面积。由于纤维材料具有如此大的比表面积,它们通常被认为是更好的微生物支持和治疗效果的最佳选择。在本研究中,研究了天然纤维材料如椰子纤维和槟榔壳作为固定曝气床处理城市污水的潜力。在实验过程中,通过测定出水的化学需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD)、总溶解固形物(TDS)和总悬浮固形物(TSS)的变化来确定曝气固定床处理废水的效果。成功处理废水的最有效操作参数确定为接触时间为72小时,过滤介质深度为5厘米,填料密度为10 kg/m3。椰子纤维的BOD、COD、TDS和TSS分别降低了55%、58.8%、57.8%和51.89%,槟榔皮的BOD、TDS和TSS分别降低了38.3%、37.78%、31.76%和30.56%。在这个实验的过程中,椰子纤维被发现比槟榔壳稍微更有效。
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引用次数: 1
Flexural Properties, Impact Strength, and Hardness of Nanodiamond-Modified PMMA Denture Base Resin. 纳米金刚石改性PMMA义齿基托树脂的弯曲性能、冲击强度和硬度。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-09 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6583084
Shaimaa M Fouda, Mohammed M Gad, Passent Ellakany, Maram A Al Ghamdi, Soban Q Khan, Sultan Akhtar, Mohamed S Ali, Fahad A Al-Harbi

Purpose: Investigate the effect of low nanodiamond (ND) addition and autoclave polymerization on the flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base.

Methods: A total of 240 heat polymerized PMMA were fabricated with low ND concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%, and unmodified as control. The specimens were divided equally into group I: conventionally polymerized PMMA by water bath and group II: polymerized by the autoclave. The impact strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were tested using the Charpy-type impact-testing machine and three-point bending test, respectively. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the fractured surfaces. Surface hardness was measured by a hardness tester with a Vickers diamond. The bonding and interaction between the PMMA and ND particles were analyzed by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).

Results: ND addition significantly increased the flexural strength of groups I and II (p < 0.001, p=0.003); it was highest (128.8 MPa) at 0.25% ND concentration for group I and at 0.1% for group II. Elastic modulus increased at 0.1% ND for both groups (p=0.004, p=0.373), but the increase was statistically significant for group I only. Impact strength showed no significant change with the addition of ND in groups I and II (p=0.227, p=0.273), as well as surface hardness in group I (p=0.143). Hardness decreased significantly with 0.25%ND in group II.

Conclusion: The addition of ND at low concentration increased the elastic modulus and flexural strength of conventionally and autoclave polymerized denture base resin. Autoclave polymerization significantly increased the flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness of unmodified PMMA and hardness of 0.5% ND group.

目的:探讨低纳米金刚石(ND)添加量和热压罐聚合对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)义齿基托抗弯强度、冲击强度和硬度的影响。方法:以低ND浓度0.1%、0.25%和0.5%制备240个热聚合PMMA,并以未改性为对照。将标本平均分为I组:水浴常规聚合PMMA和II组:高压灭菌聚合PMMA。冲击强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量分别采用charpy型冲击试验机和三点弯曲试验进行测试。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对断裂表面进行了分析。用维氏金刚石硬度计测量表面硬度。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了PMMA与ND粒子之间的键合和相互作用。资料分析采用方差分析和事后Tukey检验(α = 0.05)。结果:ND的加入显著提高了I组和II组的抗弯强度(p < 0.001, p=0.003);在ND浓度为0.25%和0.1%时,组I和组II最大,为128.8 MPa。两组弹性模量均在0.1% ND时升高(p=0.004, p=0.373),但仅I组升高有统计学意义。添加ND后,I组和II组的冲击强度变化不显著(p=0.227, p=0.273), I组的表面硬度变化不显著(p=0.143)。当nd为0.25%时,硬度显著降低。结论:低浓度添加ND可提高常规和高压釜聚合义齿基托树脂的弹性模量和抗弯强度。热压釜聚合显著提高了未改性PMMA和0.5% ND组的抗折强度、冲击强度和硬度。
{"title":"Flexural Properties, Impact Strength, and Hardness of Nanodiamond-Modified PMMA Denture Base Resin.","authors":"Shaimaa M Fouda,&nbsp;Mohammed M Gad,&nbsp;Passent Ellakany,&nbsp;Maram A Al Ghamdi,&nbsp;Soban Q Khan,&nbsp;Sultan Akhtar,&nbsp;Mohamed S Ali,&nbsp;Fahad A Al-Harbi","doi":"10.1155/2022/6583084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6583084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Investigate the effect of low nanodiamond (ND) addition and autoclave polymerization on the flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 240 heat polymerized PMMA were fabricated with low ND concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%, and unmodified as control. The specimens were divided equally into group I: conventionally polymerized PMMA by water bath and group II: polymerized by the autoclave. The impact strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were tested using the Charpy-type impact-testing machine and three-point bending test, respectively. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the fractured surfaces. Surface hardness was measured by a hardness tester with a Vickers diamond. The bonding and interaction between the PMMA and ND particles were analyzed by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used for data analysis (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ND addition significantly increased the flexural strength of groups I and II (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i>=0.003); it was highest (128.8 MPa) at 0.25% ND concentration for group I and at 0.1% for group II. Elastic modulus increased at 0.1% ND for both groups (<i>p</i>=0.004, <i>p</i>=0.373), but the increase was statistically significant for group I only. Impact strength showed no significant change with the addition of ND in groups I and II (<i>p</i>=0.227, <i>p</i>=0.273), as well as surface hardness in group I (<i>p</i>=0.143). Hardness decreased significantly with 0.25%ND in group II.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of ND at low concentration increased the elastic modulus and flexural strength of conventionally and autoclave polymerized denture base resin. Autoclave polymerization significantly increased the flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness of unmodified PMMA and hardness of 0.5% ND group.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9288300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40521000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Extracellular Enzyme of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ziziphus spina Leaves as Medicinal Plant. 药用植物酸枣叶内生真菌胞外酶研究。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-06 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2135927
Sumaiya Naeema Hawar

Endophytic fungi live inside plants or any part of them without creating any visible pathogenic signs. Endophytic fungi are found within medicinal plants and have shown strong biologic activity, such as anticancer and antioxidant activities, as well as producing extracellular enzymes. In this study, different fungal strains were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp. Extracellular enzymes have been quantified using agar plate-based methods in which fungi were grown in specified growth media to detect the enzymes produced. The results showed that A. niger has the highest ability to produce amylase, Cladosporium sp. has the highest ability to produce protease and pectinase, Rhizopus and Mucor sp. have the highest ability to produce cellulase, and A. niger and Cladosporium sp. have the same ability to produce lipase and laccase. The ability of medicinal plant endophytic fungi to produce extracellular enzymes has great therapeutic potential in clinical microbiology. Some of the isolates showed great activity in secreting particular enzymes, indicating that the enzymes of these fungi could be used in a variety of applications.

内生真菌生活在植物内部或植物的任何部分,而不会产生任何可见的致病迹象。内生真菌是在药用植物中发现的,具有很强的生物活性,如抗癌和抗氧化活性,以及产生细胞外酶。本研究从药用植物Ziziphus spina的叶片中分离出不同的真菌菌株,包括黄曲霉、烟曲霉、黑曲霉、枝孢霉、根霉和毛霉。采用琼脂平板法对细胞外酶进行定量,将真菌培养在指定的培养基中,检测产生的酶。结果表明,黑曲霉产生淀粉酶的能力最高,枝孢霉产生蛋白酶和果胶酶的能力最高,根霉和毛霉产生纤维素酶的能力最高,黑曲霉和枝孢霉产生脂肪酶和漆酶的能力相同。药用植物内生真菌产生胞外酶的能力在临床微生物学中具有很大的治疗潜力。其中一些菌株在分泌特定酶方面表现出很强的活性,表明这些真菌的酶具有广泛的应用价值。
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引用次数: 9
Impact of Nanoparticles Additions on the Strength of Dental Composite Resin. 纳米颗粒添加量对牙科复合树脂强度的影响。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-05 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1165431
Emad Azmy, Mohamed Reda Zaki Al-Kholy, Mohamed Fattouh, Laila Mohamed Mohamed Kenawi, Mohamed Ahmed Helal

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silicon dioxide (SiO2), on flexural strength (FS), hardness, and wear resistance of light cured dental composite resin.

Materials and methods: 210 rectangular and disc-shaped composite resin specimens were fabricated with dimensions (25 × 2 × 2 ± 0.03 mm) and (6×4 ± 0.03 mm) for FS, hardness, and wear resistance, respectively (70/test). Specimens of each test were divided according to nanofillers into four groups, unmodified as control, ZrO2 (Z), TiO2 (T), and SiO2 (S) groups; each one was further subdivided into two subgroups according to nanoparticles concentration, 3wt.% and 7wt.% (Z3, Z7, T3, T7, S3, and S7), 10 specimens of each subgroup. A3-point bending test and Vickers hardness test were used for FS and hardness measurements, respectively. Wear resistance was evaluated by the differences in surface roughness of tested specimens before and after wear test. Two-way and 1-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc tests were done for data analysis (α = 0.05).

Results: Two-way ANOVA for FS and wear resistance showed that there was a significant interaction between type of nanoparticles and concentration of nanoparticles (p < 0.001) while two-way ANOVA for hardness showed that both type of nanoparticles and concentration of nanoparticles had a significant effect (p < 0.001), while the effect of their interaction was not statistically significant (p=0.142). 1-way-ANOVA test showed significant increase in FS and wear resistance for all tested groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) except T7 and S7. Also, there was a significant enhancement in hardness for all tested groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Modification of light cured composite resin with certain amounts of nanoparticles (3% and 7% of ZrO2 and 3% of TiO2 and SiO2) can be beneficial in improving flexural strength and wear resistance while hardness of composite resin was increased with all NPs additions.

目的:研究纳米二氧化锆(ZrO2)、二氧化钛(TiO2)和二氧化硅(SiO2)对光固化牙科复合树脂抗弯强度(FS)、硬度和耐磨性的影响。材料与方法:制作210个矩形和圆盘状复合树脂试件,分别采用尺寸为(25 × 2 × 2±0.03 mm)和(6×4±0.03 mm)的FS、硬度和耐磨性(70/次)。每次试验标本按纳米填料分为4组,未改性为对照组、ZrO2 (Z)组、TiO2 (T)组、SiO2 (S)组;每一个进一步细分为两个亚组根据纳米颗粒浓度,3wt。%和7wt。% (Z3, Z7, T3, T7, S3, S7),每亚组10例。FS和硬度测量分别采用a3点弯曲试验和维氏硬度试验。通过磨损试验前后试样表面粗糙度的差异来评价耐磨性。数据分析采用双因素、单因素方差分析和Bonferroni事后检验(α = 0.05)。结果:对FS和耐磨性的双因素方差分析显示,纳米颗粒类型和纳米颗粒浓度之间存在显著的交互作用(p < 0.001);对硬度的双因素方差分析显示,纳米颗粒类型和纳米颗粒浓度之间存在显著的交互作用(p < 0.001),而两者之间的交互作用无统计学意义(p=0.142)。单因素方差分析显示,除T7和S7组外,所有测试组的FS和耐磨性均显著增加(p < 0.001和p < 0.001)。此外,所有测试组的硬度都有显著提高(p < 0.001)。结论:加入一定量的纳米粒子(3%和7%的ZrO2以及3%的TiO2和SiO2)对光固化复合树脂进行改性,有利于提高复合树脂的抗弯强度和耐磨性,同时所有纳米粒子的加入都能提高复合树脂的硬度。
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引用次数: 15
期刊
International Journal of Biomaterials
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