International Journal of Biomaterials最新文献

Background: Material tribology has widely expanded in scope and depth and is extended from the mechanical field to the biomedical field. The present study aimed to characterize the nanocoating of highly pure (99.9%) niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and vanadium (V) deposited on 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates which considered the most widely used alloys in the manufacturing of SS orthodontic components. To date, the coating of SS orthodontic archwires with Nb, Ta, and V using a plasma sputtering method has never been reported. Nanodeposition was performed using a DC plasma sputtering system with three different sputtering times (1, 2, and 3 hours).

Results: Structural and elemental analyses were conducted on the deposited coatings using XRD, FESEM, and EDS showing a unique phase of coating metals over their substrates with obvious homogeneous even deposition. A highly significant positive correlation was found between sputtering time and thickness of the achieved coatings. AFM revealed a reduction in the surface roughness of 316L SS substrates sputtered with all coating materials, significantly seen in V coatings.

Conclusions: Sputtering time and coating material play a significant role in terms of microstructure and topography of the achieved coatings being the best in the Ta group; moreover, surface roughness was significantly improved by V coatings. Likewise, it is found to be sputtering time independent for all used coatings.

There is a critical need in orthopedic and orthodontic clinics for enhanced implant-bone interface contact to facilitate the quick establishment of a strong and durable connection. Surface modification by bioactive multifunctional materials is a possible way to overcome the poor osteoconductivity and the potential infection of Ti-based implants. Ti-25Zr biometallic alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy technique and then coated by Nano-composite fiber using electrospinning. Ceramic Nanocompound (CaTiO₃, BaTiO₃) was used as filler material and individually added to polymeric matrices constructed from the blend of polycaprolactone/chitosan. Using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wettability, respectively, the morphology, chemical analysis, surface roughness, and contact angle measurements of the samples were evaluated. The result shows a significant improvement in cell viability, proliferation, and ALP activity for coated samples compared to noncoated samples. PCL/Chitosan/Nano-CaTiO₃ (CA1) recorded remarkable enhancement from the surface-coated samples, demonstrating a significantly higher cell viability value after seven days of MC3T3-E1 cell culture, reaching 271.56 ± 13.15%, and better cell differentiation with ALP activity reaching 5.61 ± 0.35 fold change for the same culture time. PCL/Chitosan/Nano-BaTiO₃ (BA1) also shows significant improvement in cell viability by 181.63 ± 17.87% and has ALP activity of 3.97 ± 0.67 fold change. For coated samples, cell proliferation likewise exhibits a considerable temporal increase; the improvement reaches 237.53% for (CA1) and 125.16% for (BA1) in comparison with uncoated samples (bare Ti-25Zr). The coated samples resist bacteria in the antibacterial test compared to the noncoated samples with no inhibition zone. This behavior suggests that a Nanocomposite fiber coat containing an active ceramic Nanocompound (CaTiO₃, BaTiO₃) promotes cell growth and holds promise for orthodontic and orthopedic bioapplication.

Biologically active natural compounds are molecules produced by plants or plant-related microbes, such as endophytes. Many of these metabolites have a wide range of antimicrobial activities and other pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to evaluate (in vitro) the antifungal activities of the secondary metabolites obtained from Paecilomyces sp. against the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The endophytic fungus Paecilomyces was isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves and cultured on potato dextrose broth for the production of the fungal metabolites. The activity of Paecilomyces filtrate against the radial growth of Rhizoctonia solani was tested by mixing the filtrate with potato dextrose agar medium at concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, for which the percentages of inhibition of the radial growth were 37.5, 50, 52.5, and 56.25%, respectively. The dual culture method was conducted on PDA medium to observe the antagonistic nature of the antibiotic impacts of Paecilomyces sp. towards the pathogenic fungus. The strength of the antagonistic impacts was manifested by a 76.25% inhibition rate, on a scale of 4 antagonistic levels. Ethyl acetate extract of Paecilomyces sp. was obtained by liquid-liquid partition of the broth containing the fungus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the presence of important chemical components e.g., (E) 9, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (48.607), 1-Heptacosanol, 1-Nonadecene, Cyclotetracosane (5.979), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester, di-sec-butyl phthalate (3.829), 1-Nonadecene, n-Nonadecanol-1, Behenic alcohol (3.298), n-Heptadecanol-1, 1-hexadecanol, n-Pentadecanol (2.962), Dodecanoic acid (2.849), 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl ester, oleic acid, 9-Octadecenal, and (Z)-(2.730). These results suggest that secondary metabolites of the endophytic Paecilomyces possess antifungal properties and could potentially be utilized in various applications, such as environmental protection and medicine.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different denture cleansing solutions (DCSs) on the retention of Locator and Locator R-Tx attachment systems of implant retained overdentures (IRO).

Methods: Two part acrylic resin blocks were fabricated, upper part contained metal housing and plastic inserts and lower part contained implant analogs and abutments. Eighty pink plastic inserts (40/attachment, 10/solution) were immersed in Corega, Fittydent, sodium hypochlorite, and water for a time simulating upto 1-year of clinical usage. Acrylic blocks were held on a universal testing machine for a pull-out test to record the dislodgement force. Measurements were conducted after 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the results (α = 0.05).

Results: For both attachments, retention significantly decreased after immersion in different solutions at T2 (P < 0.001). Locator R-Tx attachment in NaOCl showed a significant decrease in retention compared with other solutions at T1. At T2, there was a significant decrease in retention for all DCS compared with water (P < 0.001). Locator R-TX showed higher retention values per solution compared to Locator attachment (P < 0.001). In terms of retention loss %, NaOCl recorded the highest (61.87%) loss, followed by Corega (55.54%) and Fittydent (43.13%), whereas water demonstrated the best retention (16.13%) in both groups.

Conclusion: Locator R-TX has better retention with different DCS immersion. The loss of retention varied with different types of DCS and NaOCl recorded the highest retention loss. Therefore, denture cleanser selection must be guided by the type of IRO attachment.

Waste from marine fish processing is an important source of valuable products. Fish collagen is considered a alternative biomaterial due to its excellent properties, and it is widely used for industrial purposes. Thus, this present study aimed to characterize acid and pepsin-soluble collagens from the waste of parrotfish (Scarus sordidus Forsskål, 1775) scales. The yields (p > 0.05) of acid-soluble collagen (ASC-PFS) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC-PFS) were 1.17 g/100 g and 1.00 g/100 g, respectively. Both collagen samples were categorized as type I owing to the presence of two alpha chain subunits (α1 and α1) after being confirmed by a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Under the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test, the triple helical structure of type I collagens from the ASC-PFS and PSC-PFS was maintained. Moreover, the study of UV visible spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the similarity of collagens derived from different fish species, and the thermostability (T _max) evaluation of all extracted collagens was in the range of 36.22-37.78°C, and their values were comparable to previous research on the fish scale collagens. The effect of various pH and sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments on solubility exhibited that the ASC-PFS and PSC-PFS were highly soluble in an acidic condition (pH < 5.0) and low concentration of sodium chloride (<30 g/L). Taken together, collagens extracted from parrotfish scale waste can be an alternative source for industries.

One of the most common procedures in oral surgery is the removal of impacted mandibular third molars, often followed by pain, swelling, alveolitis, and trismus. Purpose. To compare the outcomes of the intrasocket application of 1% hyaluronic acid oral gel (HA) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) on the expected postoperative complications, pain, swelling, and trismus follow the surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar. Material and Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Dental Teaching Hospital. Healthy patients who required surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar were divided randomly into three groups. The extraction site of the group (A) patients remained without the addition of any material, just suturing of the wound with simple interrupted sutures, while in group (B) patients, the extraction site was filled with 1 cc of 1% hyaluronic acid gel (periokin®), and in group C patients, the extraction site was filled with A-PRF. Results. Sixty-six eligible patients participated in this study; both hyaluronic acid gel 1% (periokin®) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin showed a significant reduction in pain, swelling, and trismus on the 1st, third, and seventh postoperative days when compared to the control group, while the comparison between HA and A-PRF showed no significant differences except for the pain on the third postoperative day. There was a significant pain decrease in the A-PRF group than HA group. Conclusion. Intrasocket application of 1% hyaluronic acid gel (periokin®) or advanced platelet-rich fibrin can be an effective primary way to significantly reduce postoperative pain, trismus, and edema compared to the control group following mandibular third molar surgery.

The article presents parameters for obtaining a carbon dioxide extract from the subterranean part of Eryngium planum that contains a valuable set of organic substances and has a certain antimicrobial effect. Methods. Raw materials were collected in the Almaty region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The CO₂ extract of Eryngium planum herbs was obtained under subcritical conditions. A gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector was used to determine the compositional breakdown of the extract. Antimicrobial activity was determined by two methods: the micromethod of serial dilutions and the disk-diffusion method. Three microbial test strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Results. To extract biologically active substances from the subterranean part of Eryngium planum L., we have chosen carbon dioxide extraction technology, a technology for processing carbon dioxide (CO₂) raw materials, which allows us to extract various substances in high concentrations. Carbon dioxide extraction technology is an effective and environmentally safe way to isolate various biologically active substances contained in medicinal plant raw materials. In the composition of the CO₂ extract of Eryngium planum L. 43 components were identified, the main of which are α-linolenic acid, 8.30%; myristic acid, 6.40%; caryophyllene, 6.92%; spatulous, 6.62%; and other main identified compounds and their percentage. Conclusions. The study showed that the CO₂ extract of Eryngium planum L. contains biologically active compounds that have a pronounced antimicrobial effect against clinically significant microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.

The present study outlines the evaluation of textile materials that are currently in the market for cell culture applications. By using normal LaserJet printing techniques, we created the substrates, which were then characterized physicochemically and biologically. In particular, (i) we found that the weave pattern and (ii) the chemical nature of the textiles significantly influenced the behaviour of the cells. Textiles with closely knitted fibers and cell adhesion motifs, exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation over a period of 7 days. All the substrates supported good viability of cells (>80%). We believe that these aspects make commercially available textiles as a potential candidate for large-scale culture of adherent cells.

In this study, decellularized fish skin (DFS) scaffold decorated with silver nanoparticles was prepared for accelerating burn wound healing. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the green and facile method using Aloe vera leaf at different incubating times were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy). The different characterizations confirmed that the sizes of AgNPs prepared by incubating for 6 hours and 12 hours were 29.1 nm and 35.2 nm, respectively. After that, the different concentrations of the smallest AgNPs were used to dope the DFS scaffold to determine the cell viability. Additionally, an agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used to correlate the concentration of AgNPs with its bactericidal effect which was seen from 50 μg/ml. Then, the toxicity with human cells was investigated using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with no significant cell viability from the concentration of 50 μg/ml to 200 μg/ml compared to the cocultured and commercial treatments.

This investigation aimed to compare the effectiveness of the OT Equator® (Rhein, Bologna, Italy) and the Locator attachment systems used to retain early loaded implant-retained overdentures. This study was designed as a multicenter randomised controlled trial of parallel groups. After implant placement, the patients were randomised to receive OT Equator® attachments in the test group or Locator attachments in the control group. The outcome measures were implant and prosthetic success and survival rates, any biological and technical complication, marginal bone loss, patients' satisfaction, and periodontal parameters. Overall, 42 patients were consecutively enrolled and treated. One implant was lost in the control group, while no implants were lost in the test group. No prostheses failed in both groups. Only a few complications were experienced in both groups. The main was represented by loss of retention of the attachments (retentive caps). The OT Equator® attachment showed statistically lower periodontal parameters. In conclusion, both attachment systems were suitable for overdenture implant retention.