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Radiological safety and environmental monitoring aspects of mining and processing of uranium ore at Jaduguda, India 印度贾杜古达铀矿开采和加工的辐射安全和环境监测方面
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.060913
R. Tripathi, V. Jha
Low-grade uranium ore is mined and processed in India since the early 1970s. To adhere to the regulatory compliance monitoring of external gamma level, radon and long-lived alpha activity of ore dust is carried out in uranium mines. Apart from this, surface contamination is also monitored in radiologically important areas of ore processing plant. Exposure of occupational workers is evaluated based on the results of area and personal monitoring. Monitoring of radon and external gamma level is carried out in the vicinity of tailings pond and away. Samples from surface water, groundwater and soil are collected from the environment adjoining the facilities. Results reveal that the exposure of occupational workers is well below the annual average dose limit of 20 mSv as prescribed by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). Results further reflect that the discharges of process waste at tailings pond have not modified the pre-existing radiological status of the environment.
自20世纪70年代初以来,印度开始开采和加工低品位铀矿石。为遵守法规规定,对铀矿粉尘的外部伽马水平、氡和长寿命α活性进行了监测。除此之外,还监测了矿石加工厂在放射学上重要的区域的表面污染。根据区域和个人监测的结果评估职业工人的暴露情况。在尾矿库附近和外围进行了氡和外伽马水平监测。地表水、地下水和土壤样本是从设施附近的环境中收集的。结果显示,职业工人的暴露量远低于原子能管理委员会(AERB)规定的20毫西弗的年平均剂量限值。结果进一步反映了尾矿库工艺废弃物的排放并没有改变原有的环境辐射状况。
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引用次数: 2
Measurement of activity concentration of radionuclides and the committed annual effective dose due to the consumption of typical South Indian meal 放射性核素活度浓度的测量和食用典型南印度膳食的承诺年有效剂量
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.060909
D. D. Jayanthi, C. Maniyan, S. Perumal
The present study was carried out to evaluate the activity concentration of radionuclides and the annual effective dose received by the residents of south-west coast of Tamil Nadu, India, due to the consumption of typical South Indian meal. Food samples were collected and analysed by means of gamma spectrometry to measure the activity concentration of 228Ra, 40K, 232Th and 238U. The daily intake of 228Ra, 40K, 232Th and 238U activity ranged from 1.34 to 2.98 Bq kg–1, 27.7 to 88.7 Bq kg–1, 5.4 to 11.3 Bq kg–1 and 2.05 to 4.94 Bq kg–1, respectively. Among the intake of radionuclides, the highest consumption is that of 40K. The annual effective dose to individuals from the consumption of South Indian food was estimated on the basis of the measured radionuclide contents in the food. The annual effective dose received by the individuals ranged between 0.79 and 1.73 mSv.
本研究旨在评价印度泰米尔纳德邦西南海岸居民因食用典型南印度膳食而产生的放射性核素活性浓度和年有效剂量。采集食品样品,用伽马能谱法测定了228Ra、40K、232Th和238U的活度浓度。日摄入量228Ra、40K、232Th和238U活性分别为1.34 ~ 2.98 Bq kg-1、27.7 ~ 88.7 Bq kg-1、5.4 ~ 11.3 Bq kg-1和2.05 ~ 4.94 Bq kg-1。在放射性核素的摄入中,消耗最高的是40K。食用南印度食物对个人的年有效剂量是根据食物中测量的放射性核素含量估计的。个体接受的年有效剂量在0.79至1.73毫西弗之间。
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引用次数: 1
Radiobiology worker risk assessment using stress indicators and proteomics 利用应激指标和蛋白质组学进行放射生物学工作者风险评估
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.060911
K. Mezhoud, Amina Sakly, H. B. Cheikh, M. Saidi, M. Edery
Radiology is an essential technology in medicine and is used for organ diagnosis, radio-tracing and radiotherapy. The risks for the radiobiology workers have not been assessed sufficiently because measuring instruments fail to detect very low doses. This paper presents an investigation on the potential risks for radiobiology workers, due to the occupational exposure to low doses of irradiation. In this respect we used plasma samples from 16 subjects who were supposed to receive very low dose of irradiation in a longer time period. We used chromosomal aberrations, means of oxidative stress measurement and combined proteomics and bioinformatics in order to elucidate risks of such exposure. We found significant chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes and the increase of oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma. In addition, the proteomic analysis shows differentially regulated proteins from which three were verified by ELISA tests. This proteomic analysis picks out some interesting proteins that may belong to biomarkers panel of radiation exposure.
放射学是医学中的一项基本技术,用于器官诊断、放射示踪和放射治疗。由于测量仪器无法检测到非常低的剂量,因此对放射生物学工作者的风险尚未进行充分评估。本文就低剂量辐照对放射生物学工作者的潜在危害进行了调查。在这方面,我们使用了16名受试者的血浆样本,他们应该在较长时间内接受非常低剂量的照射。我们使用染色体畸变、氧化应激测量手段以及结合蛋白质组学和生物信息学来阐明这种暴露的风险。我们发现淋巴细胞中有明显的染色体畸变,血浆中氧化应激生物标志物增加。此外,蛋白质组学分析显示了差异调节的蛋白质,其中三种通过ELISA测试验证。这种蛋白质组学分析挑选出一些有趣的蛋白质,可能属于辐射暴露的生物标志物面板。
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引用次数: 1
Ethological studies in Swiss albino mice with special reference to the histology of the cerebellar tissue after an acute as well as a continuous low-dose tritiated water (HTO) exposure 瑞士白化病小鼠的行为学研究,特别涉及急性和连续低剂量氚化水(HTO)暴露后小脑组织的组织学
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.060912
N. Jain
Health and environmental impact of tritium released from fusion reactor technology may end up as a worldwide problem in the final analysis. Pregnant Swiss albino mice were irradiated with 11.1 kBq ml–1 tritiated drinking water. The young ones born to them were maintained on tritiated water (HTO) at the same dose level and in adulthood, when tested in a maze showed an apparent increased learned behaviour over the controls, though statistically not significant. Similar results have been obtained when mice were acutely irradiated at a dose 185 kBq gm–1 body weight of tritiated water. Histologically, in the cerebellar tissue excised from mice brain after the ethology experiments, there was a depopulation of granule cells and the Purkinje cells appeared pyknotic and shrunken at certain places. At the cellular level, definitely there are radiopathological changes in brain, however, very contrastingly, at the organism level ethological data show a better learned behaviour in mice post tritiated water exposure.
核聚变反应堆技术释放的氚对健康和环境的影响最终可能成为一个世界性的问题。用11.1 kBq ml-1的氚化饮用水照射怀孕的瑞士白化小鼠。他们所生的幼崽被维持在相同剂量的氚化水(HTO)中,成年后,当在迷宫中进行测试时,表现出比对照组明显增加的学习行为,尽管统计上不显着。以185 kBq gm-1体重的氚水急性照射小鼠,也得到了类似的结果。行为学实验后切除的小鼠小脑组织中颗粒细胞数量减少,部分部位浦肯野细胞缩缩。在细胞水平上,大脑确实有放射病理变化,然而,与之相反的是,在生物体水平上,行为学数据显示,接触过氚化水的老鼠有更好的学习行为。
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引用次数: 0
Natural radionuclides in Niger delta sedimentary organic rock samples 尼日尔三角洲沉积有机岩石样品中的天然放射性核素
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.060908
A. Akinlua, J. Fagbemi, F.O.I. Asubiojo, N. Torto
Thirty sedimentary organic rock samples were collected at different depths from three oil wells in the Niger Delta. The natural radionuclides in the samples were measured in order to determine their geochemical significance and radiological effect. The radionuclides were measured using gamma spectrometric technique. Natural occurring radionuclides identified were uranium, thorium and potassium. The average activity concentrations obtained were 2441.65±753.00, 28.31±8.83 and 14.49±4.46 Bq/kg for 40K, 232Th and 238U, respectively. The equivalent doses calculated from activity concentrations of the radionuclides ranged from 0.69–1.25, 0.89–1.18, and 1.19–1.38 mSv/year for Meji, Malu and Mefa oil wells, respectively. These values are slightly higher than the normal background radiation value of 1 mSv/year. The background radiation of 40K detected in these samples was high, the absorbed dose rate and equivalent dose was slightly high, which could pose intrinsically radiological health hazard because of their cumulative radiological effect in the environment.
在尼日尔三角洲三口油井的不同深度采集了30个沉积有机岩石样本。测定了样品中的天然放射性核素,以确定其地球化学意义和放射效应。放射性核素是用伽马光谱技术测量的。确定的天然放射性核素是铀、钍和钾。40K、232Th和238U的平均活性浓度分别为2441.65±753.00、28.31±8.83和14.49±4.46 Bq/kg。根据Meji、Malu和Mefa油井放射性核素活动浓度计算的当量剂量分别为0.69-1.25、0.89-1.18和1.19-1.38毫西弗/年。这些数值略高于正常背景辐射值1毫西弗/年。样品中检测到的40K本底辐射较高,吸收剂量率和等效剂量略高,在环境中具有累积辐射效应,可能构成内在辐射健康危害。
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引用次数: 0
Dissolved radionuclide in the industrial effluent of uranium facilities, Jaduguda, India 印度贾杜古达铀设施工业废水中溶解的放射性核素
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.060910
N. K. Sethy, V. Jha, A. K. Sutar, P. Rath, P. Ravi, R. Tripathi
Dissolved radionuclides in the effluent of uranium mining industry were studied. Activity concentrations of uranium and radium were estimated in effluent water from different uranium mines and mill tailings ponds. The concentrations of U and 226Ra in untreated effluent water were found to be elevated. The concentrations of dissolved radionuclides in the adjacent aquatic streams and river were found to be of low range. The waste management technology used for removal process of dissolved radionuclides in the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is found to be effective.
对铀矿工业废水中溶解的放射性核素进行了研究。对不同铀矿和矿渣池出水中铀和镭的活度浓度进行了测定。未经处理的废水中U和226Ra浓度升高。在邻近的水生溪流和河流中发现溶解的放射性核素浓度处于低范围。污水处理厂(ETP)用于溶解放射性核素去除过程的废物管理技术是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Suitability of gafchromic EBT2 films for dosimetry of low gamma–rays 变色EBT2薄膜在低伽马射线剂量测定中的适用性
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068256
E. Antar, S. Gafar, M. El-Ahdal
Radiochromic film has become an important tool to assess complex dose distributions. As a self–developing film, EBT2 is a perfect fit for the processor–less environment. Radiation dosimeters based on EBT2 containing active layer, marker dye (coded) and stabiliser have been prepared. EBT2 films undergo radiation when subjected to gamma rays inducing change in the absorption spectra in the film which converts from faint green to deep green peaking at 631 nm, and upon irradiation the new developed peak and their amplitudes with the original peak increase with the increase of absorbed dose. The useful dose range of this film is 1 cGy to 15 Gy. So it can be used as a dosimeter in the field of blood irradiation and radiotherapy. The effect of relative humidity during irradiation on the response of films as well as pre– and post–irradiation stability at different storage conditions was described.
放射致色膜已成为评估复杂剂量分布的重要工具。作为一种自显影膜,EBT2非常适合无处理器环境。制备了含有活性层、标记染料(编码)和稳定剂的基于EBT2的辐射剂量计。当伽马射线照射EBT2薄膜时,薄膜吸收光谱发生变化,在631 nm处出现由淡绿色变为深绿色的峰值,辐照后新形成的峰及其与原峰的振幅随吸收剂量的增加而增大。该膜的有效剂量范围为1gy ~ 15gy。因此,它可以作为血液辐照和放射治疗领域的剂量计。叙述了辐照过程中相对湿度对薄膜响应的影响以及不同贮存条件下辐照前后稳定性的影响。
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引用次数: 7
Effect of buthionine sulphoximine, cysteine and dithitreitol in cells exposed to low doses of radiation 丁硫氨酸、亚砜胺、半胱氨酸和二硫代糖醇对低剂量辐射细胞的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068257
J. C. Luca, D. López-Larraza
The goal of this study is to determine whether cysteimine, buthionine sulphoximide and dithitreitol protect CHO K1 cells against chromosomal aberrations induced by low doses of X–radiation, as well as whether radiation protection is related to physical properties of those thiols. Experimental design included four different treatments: (a) control, (b) cells treated with 5 mM of buthionine sulphoximide as well as cysteine and dithitreitol, (c) cells treated with 100 mGy of X–rays and (d) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol and 100 mGy X–rays. In combined treatment, all chemical compounds were added 30 min before irradiation and remained until cell sacrifice (18 h). None of the three compounds studied showed a radioprotector effect. These results are consistent with the electrical charges and chemical structure of the three thiols.
本研究的目的是确定半胱氨酸、丁硫氨酸亚酰亚胺和二硫代糖醇是否能保护CHO K1细胞免受低剂量x辐射诱导的染色体畸变,以及辐射保护是否与这些硫醇的物理性质有关。实验设计包括四种不同的处理:(a)对照,(b)用5mm的丁硫氨酸亚酰亚胺以及半胱氨酸和二硫代糖醇处理的细胞,(c)用100mgy的x射线处理的细胞,(d)用5mm的每种硫醇和100mgy的x射线处理的细胞。在联合治疗中,所有化合物在照射前30分钟加入,并保留到细胞牺牲(18 h)。三种化合物均未显示出辐射防护作用。这些结果与三种硫醇的电荷和化学结构一致。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the altitude on the concentration and exhalation rate of radon 海拔对氡浓度和呼出速率的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068258
H. A. A. Ghany
High altitude is characterised by hypoxic and hypobaric conditions. Exposure to high altitude is known to affect human physiology, specially blood oxygen tension and saturation. Also, oxygen, carbon dioxide and vacuum are known to affect some polymers used in radon detection. In the present work alpha track detector (CR–39 plastic) was used to assess the radon exhalation rates and effective radium in rock, soil, plants (wild herbs) and water samples measured at low altitude with normal oxygen and atmospheric pressure and compared with the corresponding measurements in hypoxic and hypobaric conditions at high altitude (2412 m above sea level). The data indicated that high–altitude conditions slightly affect the measurements of the radon concentration and its exhalation rate.
高海拔地区的特点是缺氧和低气压。暴露在高海拔地区会影响人的生理机能,特别是血氧浓度和饱和度。此外,氧气、二氧化碳和真空已知会影响用于氡探测的某些聚合物。在本研究中,利用α径迹探测器(CR-39塑料)评估了在低海拔正常氧气和大气压下测量的岩石、土壤、植物(野生草本植物)和水样中的氡呼出率和有效镭,并与在高海拔(海拔2412 m)低氧和低压条件下的相应测量结果进行了比较。数据表明,高海拔条件对氡浓度及其呼出率的测量有轻微影响。
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引用次数: 0
Expression of IFNg and TGFb1 genes can distinguish radiation workers from the normal population IFNg和TGFb1基因的表达可以将放射工作者与正常人群区分开来
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068282
R. Fardid, M. Toossi, Abdolrahim Rezaee, Ariane Sadr Nabavi, H. Rafatpanah
Ionising radiation can cause different forms of DNA damage in living cells. Changes in biomarkers due to exposure to ionising radiation can be an appropriate tool for the immediate recognition of individuals exposed to radiation after a radiological accident or nuclear disaster. QPCR technique, as an approved method, was used for analysing the expression levels of sensitive genes following radiation exposure. Gene expression studies were performed on a group of 36 radiation workers and 36 matched–normal people without a history of radiation exposure. Mean gene expression values for control and irradiated groups were compared. There was significant difference between the mean gene expression of IFNg (p < 0.05), also significant difference was observed between the gene expression of TGFb1 (p < 0.05) in normal and irradiated groups. The logistic regression model is able to correctly identify 72.2% of irradiated samples (sensitivity) and 80.6% of normal samples (specificity).
电离辐射会对活细胞造成不同形式的DNA损伤。由于暴露于电离辐射而引起的生物标志物的变化可以作为一种适当的工具,用于在放射性事故或核灾难后立即识别暴露于辐射的个体。QPCR技术作为一种被批准的方法,用于分析辐射暴露后敏感基因的表达水平。基因表达研究是在36名辐射工作人员和36名没有辐射暴露史的正常人身上进行的。对照组和辐照组的平均基因表达值比较。正常组与辐照组IFNg基因平均表达量差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05), TGFb1基因表达量差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。logistic回归模型能够正确识别72.2%的辐照样品(灵敏度)和80.6%的正常样品(特异性)。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Low Radiation
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