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Assessment of γ–radiation levels and associated dose rates from surface soils in the eastern part of Botswana 博茨瓦纳东部表层土壤γ辐射水平和相关剂量率的评估
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068259
Alfred Sello Likuku, N. Karunakara, G. P. Nthoiwa
This paper reports the γ–radiation levels of the naturally occurring 40K, 210Pb, 232Th and 226Ra and the anthropogenic 137Cs in the eastern part of Botswana so as to assess their possible dose impact to the members of the public in the area. The radium equivalent activity was (175±24) Bq/kg, and thus below the allowed maximum value of 370 Bq/kg. The total absorbed rate ranged from 24.12 nGy/h to 215.44 nGy/h with the mean of (81.36±10.58) nGy/h. The outdoor annual effective dose ranged from 0.030 mSv/y to 0.264 mSv/y with an average value of (0.10±0.01) mSv/y. The obtained values are comparable with world–wide averages. Results from this study can be used to serve as baseline data for the study area, which can also be used as reference information to assess any changes in radioactivity background possibly due to the artificial influences.
本文报道了博茨瓦纳东部自然产生的40K、210Pb、232Th和226Ra以及人为产生的137Cs的γ辐射水平,以评估其对该地区公众可能产生的剂量影响。镭当量活度为(175±24)Bq/kg,低于370 Bq/kg的允许最大值。总吸收率为24.12 ~ 215.44 nGy/h,平均值为(81.36±10.58)nGy/h。室外年有效剂量范围为0.030 ~ 0.264 mSv/y,平均值为(0.10±0.01)mSv/y。所获得的数值可与世界平均值相比较。这项研究的结果可作为研究区域的基线数据,也可作为参考资料,以评估可能因人为影响而导致的放射性本底变化。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory investigation on the removal of radium from groundwater by Ba(Ra)SO 4 co-precipitation Ba(Ra) so4共沉淀法去除地下水中镭的实验室研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/ijlr.2014.063408
Abdulrahman I. Alabdula, N. Aly
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引用次数: 0
Mechanistic model of the cells irradiation using the stochastic biophysical input 基于随机生物物理输入的细胞辐照机理模型
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068281
K. W. Fornalski
In this paper a full description of the mechanistic model of the cells irradiation is presented. The model is based on the computational Quasi–Markov Chain Monte Carlo method with a stochastic tree of probabilities and using the biophysical input. The biophysics of the cells is described by the probabilities and probability distributions provided as an input. Many biophysical aspects are implemented into the model, i.e. the adaptive response effect or the bystander effect. It results in the sigmoidal relationships for carcinogenic risk as a function of the irradiation. The methodology used makes the model universal and practical for the simulations of general processes. However, the presented theoretical model does not describe the real cells and tissues. Also the exposure geometry, type of radiation as well as microdosimetry are not taken into account in this model. The model is focused mainly on the creation of general and maximal wide mathematical description of irradiated hypothetical cells treated as complex physical systems.
本文对细胞辐照的机理模型作了全面的描述。该模型基于计算拟马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法,采用随机概率树并使用生物物理输入。细胞的生物物理学是由作为输入的概率和概率分布来描述的。许多生物物理方面被实现到模型中,即适应性反应效应或旁观者效应。它的结果是致癌风险与辐射的函数呈s型关系。所采用的方法使模型具有通用性和实用性,可用于一般过程的模拟。然而,所提出的理论模型并不能描述真实的细胞和组织。此外,该模型没有考虑照射几何形状、辐射类型以及微剂量学。该模型主要侧重于创建一般的和最广泛的数学描述辐照假设细胞被视为复杂的物理系统。
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引用次数: 11
Assessment of indoor radon levels and associated hazards: effects of floor levels in residential buildings 室内氡水平及相关危害的评估:住宅楼楼层水平的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.068277
S. Al-Omari
The indoor radon concentrations in rooms of different floors in Irbid city in Jordan ranged from 8 to 50 Bq m−3 with an annual mean of 23 Bqm−3, which is less than the recommended action level. The average values of indoor radon concentrations in all investigated dwellings for basement floor, first floor, second floor, third floor and fourth floor were 36.13, 27.85, 21.24, 15.83 and 12.86 Bq m−3, respectively. The average annual effective dose is 0.318 mSv y−1 which is within the safe limits. Risk of lung cancer from the chronic exposure of the inhaled radon progeny may cause lung cancer of 6 cases per year per million person in Irbid city. Despite that the lung cancer, which is attributed to radon inhalation, forms about 5.7% of the total lung cancers, it is still a small ratio compared to risk of lung cancer caused by cigarette smoking and other factors which is 94.3%.
约旦伊尔比德市不同楼层室内氡浓度为8 ~ 50 Bqm−3,年平均值为23 Bqm−3,低于建议的行动水平。调查住宅地下室、一楼、二楼、三楼和四楼室内氡浓度平均值分别为36.13、27.85、21.24、15.83和12.86 Bq m−3。平均年有效剂量为0.318 mSv y−1,在安全范围内。在伊尔比德市,慢性暴露于吸入的氡子体可能导致肺癌的风险,每年每百万人中有6例。虽然吸入氡导致的肺癌占肺癌总数的5.7%左右,但与吸烟等因素导致的肺癌风险94.3%相比,仍然是一个很小的比例。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of occupational radiation exposure of cardiologists in interventional radiography in Mashhad CATHLABs 马什哈德CATHLABs介入放射造影中心脏病专家职业辐射暴露的评价
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055609
R. Fardid, M. Toossi, Mohammad Mehrpouyan, M. Ghorbani
Several studies have revealed that interventional radiography procedures performed in cardiology departments are high dose techniques. In this study, effective dose of cardiologists working in hospitals Catheterisation Laboratories (CATHLABs) in Mashhad city have been measured during Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) procedures. In order to measure the dose per procedure and to estimate monthly effective dose of cardiologists, Electronic Personal Dosimeters (EPDs) were worn by 33 cardiologists over the apron on the collar. Mean effective dose of cardiologists per procedure was equal to 2.7 μSv (range: 0.3–14.3 μSv) for CA and 6.4 μSv (range: 1.3–27.5 μSv) for PTCA procedures. Mean monthly effective dose in cardiologists was equal to 158.3 μSv (range: 8.3–1050 μSv). According to the data obtained in this study the effective dose estimated for all cardiologists was lower than the monthly limits recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
几项研究表明,在心脏病科进行的介入x线摄影是高剂量技术。在这项研究中,在马什哈德市医院导管实验室(CATHLABs)工作的心脏病专家在冠状动脉造影(CA)和经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)过程中测量了有效剂量。为了测量每次手术的剂量和估计心脏病医生每月的有效剂量,33名心脏病医生在衣领上的围裙上佩戴了电子个人剂量计(EPDs)。心脏病专家每次手术的平均有效剂量为CA手术2.7 μSv(范围:0.3-14.3 μSv), PTCA手术6.4 μSv(范围:1.3-27.5 μSv)。心脏科医师的月平均有效剂量为158.3 μSv(范围8.3-1050 μSv)。根据本研究获得的数据,估计所有心脏病专家的有效剂量低于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)建议的每月剂量限值。
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引用次数: 3
228 Ra, 226 Ra and 210 Pb in sediment and water of the São Francisco River in Petrolina-PE/Brazil 巴西Petrolina-PE地区<s:1> o Francisco河沉积物和水中的228 Ra, 226 Ra和210 Pb
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055608
C. Silva, J. N. Tabosa, C. C. Júnior, C. A. Filho, J. A. S. Neto
The purpose of this of this research is to determine 228Ra, 226Ra and 210Pb concentrations in the water and sediment of the Sao Francisco River, nearby from farms producing fruits in Petrolina City. Concentrations of 228Ra, 210Pb and 226Ra in the water samples varied from < 19.0 (detection limit) to 22.0 mBq.l–1; < 4.0 (detection limit) to 13.0 mBq.l–1; and 12.0 to 42.0 mBq.l–1, respectively. For sediments samples, in this order, the concentrations ranged from < 7.0 (detection limit) to 35.0 Bq.kg–1; < 3.5 (detection limit) to 15.0 Bq.kg–1; and 12.0 to 92 Bq.kg–1. These results indicate that there are spots in Sao Francisco Rive, Petrolina, which have high concentrations of 228Ra, 226Ra and 210Pb in sediments.
本研究的目的是测定圣弗朗西斯科河的水和沉积物中228Ra, 226Ra和210Pb的浓度,该河流靠近佩特利纳市生产水果的农场。水样中228Ra、210Pb和226Ra的浓度变化范围为< 19.0(检测限)~ 22.0 mBq.l-1;< 4.0(检测限)至13.0 mBq.l-1;12.0至42.0 mBq。l - 1。对于沉积物样品,按此顺序,浓度范围从< 7.0(检测限)到35.0 Bq.kg-1;< 3.5(检出限)至15.0 Bq.kg-1;12.0至92 Bq.kg-1。这些结果表明,在Petrolina的Sao Francisco river,沉积物中存在高浓度228Ra、226Ra和210Pb的斑点。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of some handheld dosimeters used for gamma-ray ambient dose rate measurements 一些用于伽马射线环境剂量率测量的手持式剂量计的性能
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055597
D. Al-Azmi
A study was carried out on the performance of some handheld dosimeters that are used for measuring ambient gamma dose rates. A CsI scintillation-based and two GM-based dosimeters were used to measure the absorbed dose rates in an indoor environment, inside a lead shield, on different floors of a building, in a desert environment and in a boat on the Arabian Gulf. The study showed that while some instruments provide measurements of ambient gamma dose rates, which include contributions from both terrestrial and cosmic radiation components, others show the terrestrial/indoor gamma dose rate only. Tests also showed that some dosimeters may fail to operate in the very low background radiation environments unless a radioactive source is used for the start-up.
对一些用于测量环境伽马剂量率的手持式剂量计的性能进行了研究。一个基于CsI闪烁的剂量计和两个基于gm的剂量计被用来测量室内环境、铅屏蔽内、建筑物的不同楼层、沙漠环境和阿拉伯湾的一艘船上的吸收剂量率。研究表明,虽然有些仪器提供环境伽马剂量率的测量,其中包括来自地面和宇宙辐射成分的贡献,但其他仪器只显示地面/室内伽马剂量率。试验还表明,除非在启动时使用放射源,否则某些剂量计可能无法在极低本底辐射环境中工作。
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引用次数: 5
The lack of acute effect of low-to-moderate-dose ionising radiation on endothelial proteome 低至中剂量电离辐射对内皮蛋白组缺乏急性效应
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055606
R. Nylund, Elina Lemola, E. Eklund, A. Hakanen, D. Leszczyński
Epidemiological studies have shown that moderate and low radiation doses to the heart area may result in an increase in cardiovascular mortality. It has been suggested that cardiovascular endothelium could be one of the targets for the ionising radiation-induced heart injury. We have used human endothelial cells as an in vitro model to study immediate effects of ionising radiation on endothelium. Cells were exposed to low and moderate doses of γ-radiation, and short-term protein expression profiles were examined. Proteomics analysis did not show significant changes in the examined protein expression profiles after the γ-irradiation in any of the examined conditions. The molecular level cellular damage was verified by examining phosphorylation of tumour suppressor p53 binding protein 1, which was dose- and time-dependent. Further examination of cellular proteome and phosphoproteome, using more sensitive quantification and detection techniques, is warranted and might reveal changes, which were not detected in this study.
流行病学研究表明,对心脏部位的中等和低剂量辐射可能导致心血管疾病死亡率增加。研究表明,心血管内皮可能是电离辐射致心脏损伤的靶点之一。我们用人内皮细胞作为体外模型来研究电离辐射对内皮细胞的直接影响。将细胞暴露于低剂量和中等剂量的γ-辐射中,并检测短期蛋白表达谱。蛋白质组学分析显示,在任何检查条件下,γ辐照后所检查的蛋白质表达谱没有显着变化。通过检测肿瘤抑制因子p53结合蛋白1的磷酸化,证实了分子水平的细胞损伤,这是剂量和时间依赖性的。进一步检查细胞蛋白质组和磷蛋白质组,使用更敏感的定量和检测技术,是必要的,并可能揭示变化,这在本研究中未被检测到。
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引用次数: 2
Mitigation of workplace radon gas concentration using high-performance epoxy resin coating 使用高性能环氧树脂涂层降低工作场所氡气浓度
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055603
M. Al-janabi, M. Jaafar, A. Ramizy, K. Omar, Yaman Walid Kassab
The indoor radon gas released from concrete was measured using a 0.65 × 0.65 × 0.65 m fabricated concrete slab room, simulating a workplace. The indoor radon gas concentration was monitored, and the remediation method was examined. Radon concentrations were monitored using Radon Monitor Model 1023 from Sun Nuclear. Results show that average radon concentrations reached 111 Bq.m–3 before remediation, beyond the World Health Organization’s acceptable limit of 100 Bq.m–3. Hence, two layers of high-performance waterborne epoxy resin TRU-GLAZE-WB 4030 coating were applied, reducing the radon concentration average to an acceptable level of 14.8 Bq.m–3. Interestingly, the indoor radon concentrations were measured two months after applying the remediation and were found to be stable and within acceptable levels.
在模拟工作场所的0.65 × 0.65 × 0.65 m预制混凝土板房中,测量了室内混凝土释放的氡气。对室内氡气浓度进行监测,并对修复方法进行了探讨。使用太阳核公司的1023型氡监测仪监测氡浓度。结果表明,平均氡浓度达到111 Bq。超过世界卫生组织规定的100 Bq.m-3的可接受限度。因此,应用了两层高性能水性环氧树脂trug - glaze - wb 4030涂层,将氡浓度平均降低到14.8 Bq.m-3的可接受水平。有趣的是,在采取补救措施两个月后测量了室内氡浓度,结果发现是稳定的,在可接受的水平之内。
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引用次数: 2
Estimation of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations in rock and soil samples around South Purulia Shear Zone, India 印度South Purulia剪切带附近岩土样品中238U、232Th和40K浓度估算
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055602
Saurabh Mittal, R. Guin, S. Sharma, D. Sengupta
The first few measurements for low level gamma ray spectrometry for the delineation of U and Th along South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ) are reported. Estimation of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations in widely dispersed rock and soil samples around SPSZ has been undertaken using HPGe detector having relative efficiency of 50%. The maximum concentration among all the samples studied is observed in the sample close to the Beldih region, SPSZ. An attempt has been made to study the variation in the concentration of these rock and soil samples with respect to location from the shear zone. Central part of the shear zone is found to contain higher concentration of radionuclides than the samples from the periphery. This proves that intensity of shearing controls the activity of radionuclides in a sample, apart from alteration, metamorphism, weathering, etc. A comparison of radionuclide activities of soil samples in study area with other studies worldwide is reported.
本文报道了沿南普鲁里亚剪切带(SPSZ)的低水平伽马能谱法圈定U和Th的初步测量结果。利用相对效率为50%的HPGe探测器对SPSZ周围广泛分布的岩石和土壤样品中的238U、232Th和40K浓度进行了估算。在所有样品中,在靠近Beldih地区(SPSZ)的样品中观察到最大浓度。人们试图研究这些岩石和土壤样品的浓度随剪切带位置的变化。发现剪切带中心部分的放射性核素浓度高于外围的样品。这证明,除了蚀变、变质、风化等作用外,剪切强度控制着样品中放射性核素的活性。报道了研究区土壤样品放射性核素活性与世界其他研究的比较。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Low Radiation
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