Pub Date : 2011-06-13DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.040647
I. B. Bychkovskaya, E. Sarapultseva
Specific species-unspecific effects of low-radiation doses were studied. These effects are fundamentally different from stochastic effects. They have a mass character and full appearance at low doses for the species. The characteristic manifestation of the studied type of effect is a steady increase in the probability of cell death. Earlier in the model experiments on the crustacean Daphnia magna it was shown that the studied type of damage at low doses (0.1, 1 and 20 Gy, LD 50/30 = 100 Gy) can develop a dose-independent increased mortality of irradiated daphnids. The present study shows that the studied type of effect can lead to reduced life expectancy of daphnids at a lowest dose of 0.1 Gy. Owing to the fact that the studied effect is observed at organism level, it is assumed that it could affect the life expectancy in mammals (including humans) even at relatively low doses of radiation.
{"title":"Special effects of low doses and lifespan of irradiated daphnids","authors":"I. B. Bychkovskaya, E. Sarapultseva","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.040647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.040647","url":null,"abstract":"Specific species-unspecific effects of low-radiation doses were studied. These effects are fundamentally different from stochastic effects. They have a mass character and full appearance at low doses for the species. The characteristic manifestation of the studied type of effect is a steady increase in the probability of cell death. Earlier in the model experiments on the crustacean Daphnia magna it was shown that the studied type of damage at low doses (0.1, 1 and 20 Gy, LD 50/30 = 100 Gy) can develop a dose-independent increased mortality of irradiated daphnids. The present study shows that the studied type of effect can lead to reduced life expectancy of daphnids at a lowest dose of 0.1 Gy. Owing to the fact that the studied effect is observed at organism level, it is assumed that it could affect the life expectancy in mammals (including humans) even at relatively low doses of radiation.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.040647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.047176
M. N. Jha, J. Bedford, S. Jha, K. Prasad
We investigated the effect of caffeine on low dose γ -radiationinduced chromosomal damage in human T-cell leukaemia cells (Jurkat T-cells) and two normal human fibroblast cell lines (AG1522 and GM2149). Low doses of gamma-radiation were found to increase the levels of chromatid gaps and breaks in a dose-dependent manner in both normal and cancer cells; however, cancer cells appeared to be more sensitive than the normal cells. Caffeine treatment before radiation exposure significantly increased the levels of chromatid gaps and breaks in Jurkat T-cells at all radiation doses, but it did not increase the level of these aberrations in normal cells. The mechanisms of this differential effect of caffeine in cancer cells and normal cells are unknown; however, G2-delay allows more time for rejoining of chromosome breakage to occur, then elimination of this delay by caffeine in tumour cells, not in normal cells might account for difference.
{"title":"Caffeine treatment enhances low dose γ-irradiation- induced chromatid-type aberrations in human leukaemia cells, but not in human normal fibroblast cells in culture","authors":"M. N. Jha, J. Bedford, S. Jha, K. Prasad","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.047176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047176","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of caffeine on low dose γ -radiationinduced chromosomal damage in human T-cell leukaemia cells (Jurkat T-cells) and two normal human fibroblast cell lines (AG1522 and GM2149). Low doses of gamma-radiation were found to increase the levels of chromatid gaps and breaks in a dose-dependent manner in both normal and cancer cells; however, cancer cells appeared to be more sensitive than the normal cells. Caffeine treatment before radiation exposure significantly increased the levels of chromatid gaps and breaks in Jurkat T-cells at all radiation doses, but it did not increase the level of these aberrations in normal cells. The mechanisms of this differential effect of caffeine in cancer cells and normal cells are unknown; however, G2-delay allows more time for rejoining of chromosome breakage to occur, then elimination of this delay by caffeine in tumour cells, not in normal cells might account for difference.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66669084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.047177
P. Saidi, M. Sadeghi, A. Shirazi, S. Mahdavi, M. Mirzaii
With increased demand for low 103 Pd (palladium) seed sources, to treat prostate and eye cancers, new sources have been designed and introduced. This paper presents the two new palladium brachytherapy sources, IR03- 103 Pd and IR04- 103 Pd that have been developed at Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School . The dosimetric parameters, such as the dose rate constant Λ , the radial dose function g ( r ) and the anisotropy function F ( r , θ ), around the sources have been characterised using Version 5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code in accordance with the update AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43U1). The results indicated the dose rate constant of 0.689 ± 0.02 and 0.667 ± 0.02 cGy h -1 U -1 for the IR03- 103 Pd and IR04- 103 Pd sources, respectively, which are in acceptable agreement with other commercial seeds. The calculated results were compared with published results for those of other source manufacturers. However, they show an acceptable dose distribution, using for clinical applications is pending experimental dosimetry.
随着对低103 Pd(钯)种子源的需求增加，用于治疗前列腺癌和眼癌，新的来源已被设计和引入。本文介绍了农业、医学和工业研究学院开发的两种新型钯近距离治疗源IR03- 103pd和IR04- 103pd。辐射源周围的剂量学参数，如剂量率常数Λ、径向剂量函数g (r)和各向异性函数F (r， θ)，已根据最新的AAPM工作组第43号报告(TG-43U1)，使用第5版蒙特卡罗辐射输运代码进行了表征。结果表明，IR03- 103 Pd和IR04- 103 Pd源的剂量率常数分别为0.689±0.02和0.667±0.02 cGy h -1 U -1，与其他商品种子的剂量率常数基本一致。计算结果与公布的其他来源制造商的结果进行了比较。然而，它们显示出可接受的剂量分布，用于临床应用尚待实验剂量测定。
{"title":"Dosimetry analysis of two new design 103 Pd interstitial brachytherapy sources","authors":"P. Saidi, M. Sadeghi, A. Shirazi, S. Mahdavi, M. Mirzaii","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.047177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047177","url":null,"abstract":"With increased demand for low 103 Pd (palladium) seed sources, to treat prostate and eye cancers, new sources have been designed and introduced. This paper presents the two new palladium brachytherapy sources, IR03- 103 Pd and IR04- 103 Pd that have been developed at Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School . The dosimetric parameters, such as the dose rate constant Λ , the radial dose function g ( r ) and the anisotropy function F ( r , θ ), around the sources have been characterised using Version 5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code in accordance with the update AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43U1). The results indicated the dose rate constant of 0.689 ± 0.02 and 0.667 ± 0.02 cGy h -1 U -1 for the IR03- 103 Pd and IR04- 103 Pd sources, respectively, which are in acceptable agreement with other commercial seeds. The calculated results were compared with published results for those of other source manufacturers. However, they show an acceptable dose distribution, using for clinical applications is pending experimental dosimetry.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.047185
L. Lacoste-Collin, S. Jozan, V. Pereda, M. Courtade-Saïdi
The biological effects of very low doses of ionising radiation are difficult to assess. We previously observed a delay of death by lymphoma in two different mouse strains continuously irradiated ( γ -rays) with a dose rate of 10 cGy year −1 . Cellular mechanisms likely to lead to slowing tumour growth were explored. Human lymphoid and epithelial cell lines (HL60 and MCF7) were irradiated in vitro at very low dose rate of 4 cGy month −1 . Proliferation was not modified in HL60 and MCF7 cells. However, irradiated MCF7 adherent cells showed a lower cell attachment to support partly related to a slight decrease in expression levels of α6 and β4 integrins. We also observed a transient adaptive response during at least two weeks after the beginning of the irradiation in both cell lines. These results demonstrate the ability of tiny amounts of gamma-irradiation to alter cell attachment to support and to induce an adaptive response.
{"title":"A chronic very low dose of gamma-rays alters cell adhesion","authors":"L. Lacoste-Collin, S. Jozan, V. Pereda, M. Courtade-Saïdi","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.047185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047185","url":null,"abstract":"The biological effects of very low doses of ionising radiation are difficult to assess. We previously observed a delay of death by lymphoma in two different mouse strains continuously irradiated ( γ -rays) with a dose rate of 10 cGy year −1 . Cellular mechanisms likely to lead to slowing tumour growth were explored. Human lymphoid and epithelial cell lines (HL60 and MCF7) were irradiated in vitro at very low dose rate of 4 cGy month −1 . Proliferation was not modified in HL60 and MCF7 cells. However, irradiated MCF7 adherent cells showed a lower cell attachment to support partly related to a slight decrease in expression levels of α6 and β4 integrins. We also observed a transient adaptive response during at least two weeks after the beginning of the irradiation in both cell lines. These results demonstrate the ability of tiny amounts of gamma-irradiation to alter cell attachment to support and to induce an adaptive response.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.046531
S. Borzoueisileh, A. Monfared, S. Abediankenari, A. Mostafazadeh, M. Khosravifarsani, M. Amiri, F. Elahimanesh
The High Natural Background Radiation Area (HNBRA) of Ramsar has been the subject of concern in the last 40 years for a high level of radiation measured in some spots as high as 260 mSv per year. Studies of health status of Ramsar inhabitants did not show significant increase in the frequency of cancer. In this study, some aspects of the immune surveillance in the HNBRA residents of Ramsar were investigated. Our results showed that the CD4+ and CD8+ percentage in residents of HNBRA was higher compared to the Ordinary Natural Background Radiation Area (ONBRA) inhabitants. However, the difference between CD4+ also CD8+ cells count and CD4/CD8 ratio in two areas was not significant statistically. These findings may indicate that the immune systems of these people are adapted but more studies to compare the function of immune systems between two groups become essential.
{"title":"The comparison of CD4/CD8 ratio among high and ordinary background radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran","authors":"S. Borzoueisileh, A. Monfared, S. Abediankenari, A. Mostafazadeh, M. Khosravifarsani, M. Amiri, F. Elahimanesh","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.046531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046531","url":null,"abstract":"The High Natural Background Radiation Area (HNBRA) of Ramsar has been the subject of concern in the last 40 years for a high level of radiation measured in some spots as high as 260 mSv per year. Studies of health status of Ramsar inhabitants did not show significant increase in the frequency of cancer. In this study, some aspects of the immune surveillance in the HNBRA residents of Ramsar were investigated. Our results showed that the CD4+ and CD8+ percentage in residents of HNBRA was higher compared to the Ordinary Natural Background Radiation Area (ONBRA) inhabitants. However, the difference between CD4+ also CD8+ cells count and CD4/CD8 ratio in two areas was not significant statistically. These findings may indicate that the immune systems of these people are adapted but more studies to compare the function of immune systems between two groups become essential.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66669075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.047183
D. Al-Azmi, N. Karunakara
A simple and easy to use radon calibration chamber of volume of 216 litres was designed and constructed for applications in calibration of radon measuring devices and for research studies. The main advantage of this chamber is that instead of using 226 Ra source to generate the 222 Rn inside the chamber, soil gas is utilised as a source of 222 Rn. Soil gas is drawn from the soil using a pump to fill the chamber in order to obtain radon with high concentrations inside the chamber. The advantage of this technique is that the desired radon concentration (ranging from few Bq/m 3 to about kBq/m 3 ) can be attained easily and fast at any time by filling the chamber with different volumes of soil gas. After demonstrating the usefulness of the technique, calibration experiments were carried out for radon measuring devices (charcoal canisters and scintillation cell) using the calibration chamber constructed in the present study.
{"title":"A simple radon chamber for use with soil gas for calibration of radon measuring devices and instruments","authors":"D. Al-Azmi, N. Karunakara","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.047183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047183","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and easy to use radon calibration chamber of volume of 216 litres was designed and constructed for applications in calibration of radon measuring devices and for research studies. The main advantage of this chamber is that instead of using 226 Ra source to generate the 222 Rn inside the chamber, soil gas is utilised as a source of 222 Rn. Soil gas is drawn from the soil using a pump to fill the chamber in order to obtain radon with high concentrations inside the chamber. The advantage of this technique is that the desired radon concentration (ranging from few Bq/m 3 to about kBq/m 3 ) can be attained easily and fast at any time by filling the chamber with different volumes of soil gas. After demonstrating the usefulness of the technique, calibration experiments were carried out for radon measuring devices (charcoal canisters and scintillation cell) using the calibration chamber constructed in the present study.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.047188
Sara Skiöld, S. Becker, U. Hellman, G. Auer, I. Näslund, M. Harms‐Ringdahl, S. Haghdoost
Twenty percent of cancer patients experience adverse effects after radiotherapy. The therapeutic doses are adjusted to the most sensitive individuals, resulting in a suboptimal dose for many patien ...
{"title":"Low doses of γ-radiation induce consistent protein expression changes in human leukocytes","authors":"Sara Skiöld, S. Becker, U. Hellman, G. Auer, I. Näslund, M. Harms‐Ringdahl, S. Haghdoost","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.047188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047188","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty percent of cancer patients experience adverse effects after radiotherapy. The therapeutic doses are adjusted to the most sensitive individuals, resulting in a suboptimal dose for many patien ...","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.046168
F. Martin, C. Nair
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus with a variety of biological activities and is used for the treatment of various diseases, including cancers. The present work is focused on the radioprotective property of G. lucidum in Swiss albino mice. Whole-body exposure of the mice to gamma radiation results in damage to cellular DNA in various tissues, such as brain, bone marrow, blood and intestine, and prior administration of a hydroal-coholic extract of G. lucidum prevented radiation-induced DNA damage. Administration of the extract prior to whole-body exposure to a lethal dose of gamma radiation gave survival advantage to mice. Also, there was considerable protection from radiation-induced loss of body weight in animals administered with the extract. The results are suggestive of the radioprotective activity of G. lucidum Extract (GLE) in mammalian organism.
{"title":"Medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum protects cellular DNA in mice exposed to whole-body gamma radiation","authors":"F. Martin, C. Nair","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.046168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046168","url":null,"abstract":"Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus with a variety of biological activities and is used for the treatment of various diseases, including cancers. The present work is focused on the radioprotective property of G. lucidum in Swiss albino mice. Whole-body exposure of the mice to gamma radiation results in damage to cellular DNA in various tissues, such as brain, bone marrow, blood and intestine, and prior administration of a hydroal-coholic extract of G. lucidum prevented radiation-induced DNA damage. Administration of the extract prior to whole-body exposure to a lethal dose of gamma radiation gave survival advantage to mice. Also, there was considerable protection from radiation-induced loss of body weight in animals administered with the extract. The results are suggestive of the radioprotective activity of G. lucidum Extract (GLE) in mammalian organism.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66669015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.046529
A. N. Koterov, A. Biryukov
Hereditary effects of radiation on people are not revealed and estimations for humans have been carried out by extrapolation from mutagenesis of irradiated mice (UNSCEAR). Nevertheless, in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus disturbance and pathologies are found in the children of liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station. Authors connect effects only with irradiation (basically in low doses) though there were also other factors. So, the psychogenic stress leads to genomic and chromosomal damages and strengthens the mutagens. For the offspring of parents with psychoemotional stress, depression, etc. the set of alterations and diseases is registered. For liquidators probably there is also the influence of other non–radiation factors. The conclusion is made that effects on the children of liquidators have mainly not a radiation cause. Families of liquidators were in a stress (together with effects of other agents on fathers) and could give birth to less healthy children.
{"title":"The possibility of determining of anomalies and pathologies in the offspring of liquidators of Chernobyl accident by non–radiation factors","authors":"A. N. Koterov, A. Biryukov","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.046529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046529","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary effects of radiation on people are not revealed and estimations for humans have been carried out by extrapolation from mutagenesis of irradiated mice (UNSCEAR). Nevertheless, in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus disturbance and pathologies are found in the children of liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station. Authors connect effects only with irradiation (basically in low doses) though there were also other factors. So, the psychogenic stress leads to genomic and chromosomal damages and strengthens the mutagens. For the offspring of parents with psychoemotional stress, depression, etc. the set of alterations and diseases is registered. For liquidators probably there is also the influence of other non–radiation factors. The conclusion is made that effects on the children of liquidators have mainly not a radiation cause. Families of liquidators were in a stress (together with effects of other agents on fathers) and could give birth to less healthy children.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66669025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.047180
S. Correa, Josilto Oliveira de Aquino, E. M. Souza, Ademir X. Silva
In recent years, X–ray body scanners have been introduced at airports, penitentiaries and other places with considerable movement of people in order to combat drug trafficking, the entry of illegal materials and terrorism. However, although the application of this equipment in the national security area is indeed relevant, its use has caused a great deal of controversy, especially with regard to the doses absorbed and to the cancer induction risk associated with these exposures. The aim of this study is to use the Monte Carlo MCNPX code and the male adult voxel (MAX) and female adult voxel (FAX) phantoms, to evaluate the absorbed dose, effective dose and risk of cancer incidence attributable to exposures of individuals submitted to transmission X–ray body scanners in several projections. The effective dose values were calculated as recommended by the ICRP Publication 103 and the risk of cancer incidence were estimated through the BEIR VII Report.
{"title":"Evaluation of the dose and of the risk of cancer induction associated with the use of transmission X–ray body scanners using the Monte Carlo MCNPX code","authors":"S. Correa, Josilto Oliveira de Aquino, E. M. Souza, Ademir X. Silva","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.047180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047180","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, X–ray body scanners have been introduced at airports, penitentiaries and other places with considerable movement of people in order to combat drug trafficking, the entry of illegal materials and terrorism. However, although the application of this equipment in the national security area is indeed relevant, its use has caused a great deal of controversy, especially with regard to the doses absorbed and to the cancer induction risk associated with these exposures. The aim of this study is to use the Monte Carlo MCNPX code and the male adult voxel (MAX) and female adult voxel (FAX) phantoms, to evaluate the absorbed dose, effective dose and risk of cancer incidence attributable to exposures of individuals submitted to transmission X–ray body scanners in several projections. The effective dose values were calculated as recommended by the ICRP Publication 103 and the risk of cancer incidence were estimated through the BEIR VII Report.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.047180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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