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Radiation and evolution: from Lotka-Volterra equation to balance equation 辐射与演化:从洛特卡-沃尔泰拉方程到平衡方程
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2016.10002388
K. W. Fornalski
The paper presents the concept of balance equation as a result of jostling process between detrimental and beneficial factors due to ionising radiation impact on the human population. The Lotka-Volterra equation was used to describe the evolution process of the population in low-dose radiation environment. The balance equation, which is a result of Lotka-Volterra's equation stabilisation over time, describes correctly most of the human population, wherein the probability of detrimental (cancerous) processes equals the probability of beneficial (hormetic) processes. It concludes that most of people respond via threshold dose-response curve, while radiosensitive people respond using linear model and radioresistant people respond using hormetic one.
本文提出了由于电离辐射对人类的影响而产生的有害因素和有益因素之间相互竞争过程的平衡方程的概念。采用Lotka-Volterra方程描述了低剂量辐射环境下种群的演化过程。平衡方程是Lotka-Volterra方程随时间稳定的结果,它正确地描述了大多数人口,其中有害(癌症)过程的概率等于有益(刺激)过程的概率。结果表明,大多数人的反应是阈值剂量-反应曲线,辐射敏感者的反应是线性模型,辐射抵抗者的反应是辐照模型。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of early and late DNA damages in interventional radiologists exposed to protracted low dose and dose rate of X-radiation 介入放射科医师长期低剂量和低剂量率x射线照射的早期和晚期DNA损伤评估
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2016.10002361
P. Venkatachalam, T.R. Muralidharan, S. Joseph, M. Bhavani, Venkateswarlu Raavi, Sakina Murtaza, Safa Abdul Syed Basheerudeen
Occupational radiation exposures for interventionalists are considered as the highest received doses among medical practitioners and contributing a risk of DNA damage. A significantly higher γ-H2AX foci and unstable chromosomal aberrations (p > 0.001) was observed in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBL) of medical professionals when compared to healthy volunteers, whereas translocations did not show any difference. The results suggest that low-dose protracted radiation exposure can induce DNA damages in PBL and can get repaired or misrepaired and develop into chromosomal aberrations.
介入医生的职业辐射暴露被认为是医疗从业人员中接受剂量最高的,并有造成DNA损伤的风险。医学专业人员外周血淋巴细胞(PBL) γ-H2AX病灶和不稳定染色体畸变(p > 0.001)明显高于健康志愿者,而易位无显著差异。结果提示,低剂量持续辐射可引起PBL DNA损伤,并可修复或错修复,发展为染色体畸变。
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引用次数: 4
Natural radioactivity and hazardous index of major South Indian river sediments 南印度主要河流沉积物的天然放射性和危险指数
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2015-09-19 DOI: 10.1504/ijlr.2015.071761
S. Murugesan, S. Mullainathan, V. Ramasamy
The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been determined by gamma ray spectrometry with an NaI(Tl) detector in sediments of Palar River, Tamil Nadu, India. The absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent concentration, external (Hex) and internal (Hin) hazardous indices are calculated from criteria formula and compared with the international recommended limits. The Radioactive Heat Production (RHP) rate and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are also calculated. The observed dose rate from ERDM (Environmental Radiation Dosimeter) at 1 m above the ground level at each site of the river is measured and correlated with calculated absorbed dose rate. The distribution of quartz, feldspar, magnetic susceptibility and weight of the magnetic minerals is correlated with radioactivity results. From the observations, the weight of the magnetic minerals is an index to identify the sediments of low or high radiological risk.
用γ射线能谱法测定了印度泰米尔纳德邦帕拉尔河沉积物中238U、232Th和40K的活度浓度。根据标准公式计算吸收剂量率、镭当量浓度、外(Hex)和内(Hin)危害指数,并与国际推荐限值进行比较。还计算了放射性产热率(RHP)和超额终身癌症风险(ELCR)。通过环境辐射剂量计(ERDM)在离地1米处测量了河流各站点的观测剂量率,并与计算的吸收剂量率进行了对比。石英、长石的分布、磁化率和磁性矿物的重量与放射性结果相关。从观测结果来看,磁性矿物的重量是识别低或高辐射风险沉积物的指标。
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引用次数: 2
Importance of radon studies in rural areas and correlation of indoor radon level with radon inventory 农村地区氡研究的重要性及室内氡水平与氡调查的相关性
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2015-09-19 DOI: 10.1504/ijlr.2015.071764
K. S. Banerjee, D. Sengupta
The measurement of indoor radon in villages is very important as 50% of the world populations live in villages, and rural houses normally have very low air exchange rates. This study has estimated the possible indoor radon level from five types of rocks, which are readily available to build houses in Eastern Singhbhum district of India. In the process to calculate this radon inventory, radium content and radon flux rate were measured in the selected rocks. Then calculated radon emanation factor was compared with the possible indoor radon concentration computed from the available air ventilation rate of typical Indian houses. It was found that granite generated low radon level and it can be a good alternative choice as building material instead of other regionally used rocks. This study also suggests that important geological parameters, which develop and increase porosity, can effectively increase radon inventory.
农村室内氡的测量非常重要,因为世界上50%的人口居住在农村,而农村房屋的空气交换率通常很低。这项研究估计了印度东辛格姆地区五种容易用于建造房屋的岩石可能的室内氡水平。在计算氡存量的过程中,测量了所选岩石中的镭含量和氡通量率。然后将计算的氡辐射系数与典型印度住宅的有效通风量计算的可能室内氡浓度进行了比较。结果表明,花岗岩氡含量低,可以代替其他区域性常用的岩石作为建筑材料。研究还表明,孔隙度发育和增大的重要地质参数可以有效地增加氡存量。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation and analysis of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K and radon exhalation rate in the soil samples for health risk assessment 土壤样品中226Ra、232Th、40K及氡呼出率的评价分析及健康风险评价
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2015-09-19 DOI: 10.1504/ijlr.2015.071747
S. Kansal, Rohit Mehra
The measurements of radium, thorium and potassium using gamma spectrometry and radon exhalation rates using solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115, Type-II plastic) are carried out in the soil samples collected from some parts of western districts of Haryana, India. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K range from 13.93 to 142 Bq kg−1, 35.95 to 91.78 Bq kg−1 and 299.57 to 1056.77 Bq kg−1, respectively. The values of total absorbed dose and annual effective dose (indoors and outdoors) were found to vary from 42.12 to 140.05 nGy h−1, 0.22 to 0.69 mSv y−1 and 0.05 to 0.17 mSv y−1 respectively. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq) in all the soil samples varies from 92.51 to 287.08 Bq kg−1 with an average of 184.15 Bq kg−1. The radium values are lower than the recommended safe limit of 370 Bq kg−1 hence there is no radiological risk to the residents of the studied area.
在印度哈里亚纳邦西部一些地区收集的土壤样本中,使用伽马能谱法测量镭、钍和钾,使用固态核径迹探测器(LR-115, ii型塑料)测量氡的呼出率。226Ra、232Th和40K的活性浓度分别为13.93 ~ 142 Bq kg - 1、35.95 ~ 91.78 Bq kg - 1和299.57 ~ 1056.77 Bq kg - 1。总吸收剂量和年有效剂量(室内和室外)分别在42.12 ~ 140.05 nGy h−1、0.22 ~ 0.69 mSv y−1和0.05 ~ 0.17 mSv y−1之间变化。所有土壤样品的镭当量活度(Raeq)变化范围为92.51 ~ 287.08 Bq kg - 1,平均为184.15 Bq kg - 1。镭值低于建议的安全限值370 Bq kg−1,因此对研究地区的居民没有辐射风险。
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引用次数: 6
A thorough investigation of the uranium concentration in phosphate mines: a case study of Minjingu phosphate mine, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania 彻底调查磷矿中的铀浓度:对坦桑尼亚联合共和国阿鲁沙Minjingu磷矿的个案研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2015-09-19 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2015.071766
L. Meza, M. Mandour, M. Shalaby, M. H. Hassan, N. Mohamed
Using high resolution gamma ray spectrometry, the terrestrial radionuclides from all phosphate rock samples were measured and results are presented. From the measured gamma ray spectra, activity concentrations were determined for 226Ra/238U (range from 122.5±6.9 to 8060±806 Bq kg−1), 232Th (range from 13.2±0.8 to 1201.3±77.3 Bq kg−1), 40K (range from 12.9±1.3 to 1827.6±93.9 Bq kg−1) and 137Cs (range from 0.5±0.017 to 70.58±1.25 Bq kg−1) with mean of 1832.32±00, 447.62±00, 399.46±00 and 22.98±0.43 Bq kg−1 respectively. Radium equivalent activity ranges from 219.27±00 to 9127.07±00 Bq kg−1 with mean of 2433.56±00 Bq kg−1. The total absorbed dose estimated at 1 metre above the ground varies from 102.1 to 3967.8 nGyh−1 with an average of 1055.9 nGy h−1. Investigation of uranium recorded a peak of 650±65ppm, this suggests the existing U concentration is over three times greater than economically viable and production of a cleaner fertiliser is favourable.
用高分辨率伽马能谱法测定了所有磷矿样品中的陆地放射性核素,并给出了结果。根据测量的伽马能谱,测定了226Ra/238U(范围为122.5±6.9至8060±806 Bq kg−1)、232Th(范围为13.2±0.8至1201.3±77.3 Bq kg−1)、40K(范围为12.9±1.3至1827.6±93.9 Bq kg−1)和137Cs(范围为0.5±0.017至70.58±1.25 Bq kg−1)的活度浓度,平均值分别为1832.32±00、447.62±00、399.46±00和22.98±0.43 Bq kg−1。镭当量活度范围为219.27±00至9127.07±00 Bq kg - 1,平均值为2433.56±00 Bq kg - 1。在距地面1米处估计的总吸收剂量在102.1至3967.8毫格/小时- 1之间变化,平均为1055.9毫格/小时- 1。对铀的调查记录了650±65ppm的峰值,这表明现有的铀浓度比经济上可行的浓度高出三倍以上,生产更清洁的肥料是有利的。
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引用次数: 2
210Pb in marine salt consumed by the inhabitants of Recife, Brazil 巴西累西腓居民食用的海盐中的铅
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-07-15 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.063410
C. Silva, C. C. Júnior
210Pb is widely distributed in the marine environment. The aim of this research, therefore, was to determine 210Pb concentrations in marine salt consumed by the population of Recife and calculate the ingestion dose of 210Pb due to marine salt consumption. The ion exchange resin method was used. The concentration of 210Pb varied from 4 to 365 Bq kg–1 in fresh weight. The estimated ingestion dose of 210Pb due to consumption of marine salt in the population of Recife was 1.2 Sv, at least three orders of magnitude above the maximum recommended level.
pb在海洋环境中分布广泛。因此,本研究的目的是测定累西腓人群食用海盐中210Pb的浓度,并计算因食用海盐而摄入210Pb的剂量。采用离子交换树脂法。鲜重210Pb浓度变化范围为4 ~ 365 Bq kg-1。累西腓居民因食用海盐而摄入210Pb的估计剂量为1.2西沃特,至少比最大推荐水平高出三个数量级。
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引用次数: 0
Low-dose ionising radiation effects: effects of thoron inhalation 低剂量电离辐射效应:吸入钍的效应
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-07-15 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.063409
A. Menon, R. Indu, Tiju Chacko, C. Nair
Cellular DNA damage, tissue antioxidant levels, serum parameters, blood count and histopathological alterations were examined in tissues of mice exposed to thoron (average radiation dose0.065 μSv/hr). Alkaline cometassay results indicated that inhalation of thoron caused significant increase in the damage to DNA of lung tissue, while there was no significant damage to DNA in bone marrow cells. A small increase in cellular DNA damage was also seen in blood leukocytesfollowing thoron exposure. Inhalation of thoron induced severe damage in the lung cells leading to their elimination by apoptosis. Histology of lungs showed areas of abnormalities. An increase in the level of inflammatory response mediator, NF-κB, was also observed in the lung tissue of exposed mice. The DNA damage in lung cells could be induced by high energy radiation emanating from radioactive decay of thoron and its progeny particularly the alpha radiation of 8.88 MeV from 212Po.
在平均辐射剂量为0.065 μSv/hr的辐照下,检测小鼠组织中细胞DNA损伤、组织抗氧化水平、血清参数、血细胞计数和组织病理学改变。碱性cometassay结果显示,吸入钍引起肺组织DNA损伤明显增加,而对骨髓细胞DNA无明显损伤。暴露于钍后,血液白细胞中细胞DNA损伤也有小幅增加。吸入刺激素对肺细胞造成严重损伤,导致细胞凋亡。肺组织学显示异常区。暴露小鼠肺组织中炎症反应介质NF-κB水平升高。钍及其子代放射性衰变产生的高能辐射可引起肺细胞DNA损伤,尤其是212Po产生的8.88 MeV的α辐射。
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引用次数: 4
Health monitoring of NPP workers 核电站工人的健康监测
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-07-15 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.063411
J. Djounova, N. Chobanova, I. Guleva, A. Milchev, Iler Peyankov, K. Negoicheva, D. Panova
The aim of the study is to assess the health status of Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant personnel in association with their occupational exposure to low doses of ionising radiation (IR) as well as with other factors of their working environment and to determine the probability of the occupational exposure to be a reason for the diagnosed malignant diseases (Probability of Causation – PC). More than 1000 occupationally exposed workers and nonexposed administrative staff have been studied during 1993–2008. No statistically significant variation in the average cumulative dose was found between the healthy people and the persons with at least one disorder. The highest rate of morbidity was registered in persons with doses up to 1 mSv. The analysis of parameters of peripheral blood showed that at occupational lowdose exposure the haemopoietic system completely preserves the tri-linear cell proliferation capacity of the bone marrow. The analysis of results of PC demonstrated that this is spontaneously arising malignant diseases, regardless of condition of work.
这项研究的目的是评估科兹洛杜伊核电站工作人员的健康状况与他们的职业暴露于低剂量电离辐射(IR)以及他们工作环境的其他因素的关系,并确定职业暴露是诊断出恶性疾病的一个原因的可能性(因果概率- PC)。1993-2008年期间,对1000多名职业暴露工人和非暴露行政人员进行了研究。在健康人群和至少患有一种疾病的人群之间,平均累积剂量没有统计学上的显著差异。在剂量高达1毫西弗的人群中,发病率最高。外周血参数分析表明,在职业性低剂量照射下,造血系统完全保留了骨髓的三线细胞增殖能力。PC结果分析表明,这是自发产生的恶性疾病,无论工作条件。
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引用次数: 0
A view on the effects induced by low irradiation contamination of soil and atmospheric impact on plant populations in nature 低辐射污染土壤和大气对自然界植物种群的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2014-07-15 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2014.063412
V. Korogodina
At present, a possible radiation effect is estimated as a function of dose irradiation although it is strongly dependent more on the environmental factors. The consequences of low doses of internal irradiation linked to chronic soil contamination and of external irradiation associated with short or prolonged atmospheric impacts for plant populations in nature are analysed in this paper. The results revealed that the internal and external lab short and prolonged irradiations showed the same effects. In nature, soil contamination (~30 Bq/kg) limited survival of seeds to ~50% and increased their resistance to heat stress, whereas atmospheric impact (~0.12 μSv/h) combined with high summer temperature decreased viability to 20–30%. External atmospheric irradiations compared with background originate sporadically synergic radiation-heat effect which can be lethal for populations from time to time, whereas low-chronic internal soil contamination decreases seed survival significantly but increases resistance caus...
目前,可能的辐射效应被估计为辐照剂量的函数,尽管它更多地取决于环境因素。本文分析了与慢性土壤污染有关的低剂量内照射和与短期或长期大气影响有关的外照射对自然界植物种群的后果。结果表明,室内和室外短时间和长时间照射均表现出相同的效果。在自然界中,土壤污染(~30 Bq/kg)使种子的存活率限制在~50%,并提高了种子对热胁迫的抵抗力,而大气影响(~0.12 μSv/h)加上夏季高温使种子的存活率降低到20 ~ 30%。与本底辐射相比,大气外辐射产生的增效辐射热效应是偶发的,有时对种群是致命的,而低慢性土壤内污染显著降低了种子的成活率,但增加了抗性。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Low Radiation
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