The quality of an optical surface depends on a number of factors, the most important of which is its surface topography. This paper is concerned with the problem of measuring and specifying the topographic finish of homogeneous, isotropic mirrors; an area of considerable practical interest.
{"title":"The Specification of Optical Surface Quality Using the Finish-Function Relationship","authors":"E. Church","doi":"10.1364/oft.1985.thaa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1985.thaa5","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of an optical surface depends on a number of factors, the most important of which is its surface topography. This paper is concerned with the problem of measuring and specifying the topographic finish of homogeneous, isotropic mirrors; an area of considerable practical interest.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many benefits are derived from linking the design and manufacturing disciplines together. The benefits include reduced time to market, lower unit manufacturing cost and improved product quality. However, in most optical shops a wall still remains between design and manufacturing.
{"title":"\"Eliminating the Barriers Between (Optical) Design and Manufacturing\"","authors":"Joe D. Tipps","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.tuc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.tuc6","url":null,"abstract":"Many benefits are derived from linking the design and manufacturing disciplines together. The benefits include reduced time to market, lower unit manufacturing cost and improved product quality. However, in most optical shops a wall still remains between design and manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface relief holograms have intrinsic nonlinearity. A very important step in fuzzy analysis of HOE fabricating process is to choice parameters from procedure for making photoresist hologram. We select some parameters for the reason we can’t fix it or control it in a economic process, and some parameters for the sake of compensation.
{"title":"Fuzzy Analysis For Fabricating Hoe In Photoresist","authors":"R. Chang, Chern Sheng Lin, C. P. Hu","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.wa14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.wa14","url":null,"abstract":"Surface relief holograms have intrinsic nonlinearity. A very important step in fuzzy analysis of HOE fabricating process is to choice parameters from procedure for making photoresist hologram. We select some parameters for the reason we can’t fix it or control it in a economic process, and some parameters for the sake of compensation.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122673431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many challenges associated with the design and construction of telescopes to have diffraction limited performance over the range from 400 to 900nm. The general applications of the system described are for television, film, and visual observation of objects from 300 meters to infinity with a 300mm aperture and focal lengths of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000mm. The systems are designed to perform well at temperatures from -20 to 40 degrees Celsius and maintain high boresight stability when used as a tracking telescope. A sealed and purged instrument is essential for long term durability of the perforamnce. The figure shows the optical schematic of the system.
{"title":"Fabrication Challenges of Multi-focal-length Superachromatic Telescopes","authors":"R. Willey","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.thc7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.thc7","url":null,"abstract":"There are many challenges associated with the design and construction of telescopes to have diffraction limited performance over the range from 400 to 900nm. The general applications of the system described are for television, film, and visual observation of objects from 300 meters to infinity with a 300mm aperture and focal lengths of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000mm. The systems are designed to perform well at temperatures from -20 to 40 degrees Celsius and maintain high boresight stability when used as a tracking telescope. A sealed and purged instrument is essential for long term durability of the perforamnce. The figure shows the optical schematic of the system.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"GE-25 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133037620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wm. I. Kordonsky, I. Prokhorov, B. Kashevsky, S. Jacobs, B. Puchebner, Y. Hsu, D. Pietrowski, D. Strafford
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are multicomponent systems consisting of a non-colloidal magnetic-dispersed phase in a carrier liquid, which undergo rapid, sharp and reversible changes of their internal structure in an external magnetic field. As a consequence, their rheological properties, such as viscosity, plasticity and elasticity are controllably changed (for example, see Figure 1).
{"title":"Basic Properties of Magnetorheological Fluids for Optical Finishing","authors":"Wm. I. Kordonsky, I. Prokhorov, B. Kashevsky, S. Jacobs, B. Puchebner, Y. Hsu, D. Pietrowski, D. Strafford","doi":"10.1364/oft.1994.otub1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1994.otub1","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are multicomponent systems consisting of a non-colloidal magnetic-dispersed phase in a carrier liquid, which undergo rapid, sharp and reversible changes of their internal structure in an external magnetic field. As a consequence, their rheological properties, such as viscosity, plasticity and elasticity are controllably changed (for example, see Figure 1).","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124200070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The AXAF observatory is the third of NASA's four planned "Great Observatories"1. It is designed to image cosmic x-rays in the energy regime of 0.1 to 10 keV (124 - 1.24 Å). The mirror assembly consists of four concentric, confocal, Wolter type I telescopes. Each telescope includes two conical grazing incidence mirrors, a paraboloid followed by a hyperboloid.
{"title":"Metrology Cross-checks - a fundamental aspect of the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) Optics Fabrication Program","authors":"T. E. Gordon, J. S. Patterson, P. Reid, D. Zweig","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.thb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.thb4","url":null,"abstract":"The AXAF observatory is the third of NASA's four planned \"Great Observatories\"1. It is designed to image cosmic x-rays in the energy regime of 0.1 to 10 keV (124 - 1.24 Å). The mirror assembly consists of four concentric, confocal, Wolter type I telescopes. Each telescope includes two conical grazing incidence mirrors, a paraboloid followed by a hyperboloid.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124436456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A deterministic manufacturing approach for the production of beryllium mirrors was developed; whereby, single point precision machining and sputter coating processes were optimized and validated.
提出了一种生产铍反射镜的确定性制造方法;据此，对单点精密加工和溅射涂层工艺进行了优化和验证。
{"title":"Deterministic Manufacturing Process for Precision Beryllium Mirrors","authors":"R. D. Seals, J. Arnold, J. Mayer","doi":"10.1364/oft.1994.otud2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1994.otud2","url":null,"abstract":"A deterministic manufacturing approach for the production of beryllium mirrors was developed; whereby, single point precision machining and sputter coating processes were optimized and validated.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116948808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dimpling technique is widely used to measure subsurface damage SSD. The ground surface is first acid etched to open up the fractures. A dimple is polished into the surface by a sphere of a known diameter, and the diameters of the circular zones with and without visible subsurface fractures are measured to determined the damage depth. The measuring system consists of a microscope with a reticule and a linear translation stage. The diameters of the various zones are visually interpreted and measured. The dimpling technique provides a direct measurement of SSD, as opposed to other techniques where the SSD is implied from other properties such as scattering. The manual measurements associated with this technique are tedious and requires a trained operator to identify the deepest fracture.
{"title":"Machine Vision System for Measuring Subsurface Damage","authors":"J. Greivenkamp, Matthew T. Chang","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.wb13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.wb13","url":null,"abstract":"The dimpling technique is widely used to measure subsurface damage SSD. The ground surface is first acid etched to open up the fractures. A dimple is polished into the surface by a sphere of a known diameter, and the diameters of the circular zones with and without visible subsurface fractures are measured to determined the damage depth. The measuring system consists of a microscope with a reticule and a linear translation stage. The diameters of the various zones are visually interpreted and measured. The dimpling technique provides a direct measurement of SSD, as opposed to other techniques where the SSD is implied from other properties such as scattering. The manual measurements associated with this technique are tedious and requires a trained operator to identify the deepest fracture.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The processes of cutting, grinding and polishing optical materials cause fractures that extend some depth below the surface. The unrelieved strain and deep cracks present below the surface can seriously affect the performance of an optical system, especially in applications requiring precision optics. Subsurface damage (SSD) can lower image contrast, cause figure instability, and contribute to catastrophic fracture in high-power lasers [1]. Different optical materials present different forms of physical damage. Techniques used to increase productivity, such as high feed rates and high lap pressures, are the most serious causes of SSD [2]. An easily employed and non-destructive SSD measurement is important for the improvement of optical fabrication techniques.
{"title":"Non-Destructive Estimation of Subsurface Glass Damage Using Fluorescent Confocal Microscopy","authors":"Warren E. Smith, T. Bui, A. Lindquist, S. Jacobs","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.wb12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.wb12","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of cutting, grinding and polishing optical materials cause fractures that extend some depth below the surface. The unrelieved strain and deep cracks present below the surface can seriously affect the performance of an optical system, especially in applications requiring precision optics. Subsurface damage (SSD) can lower image contrast, cause figure instability, and contribute to catastrophic fracture in high-power lasers [1]. Different optical materials present different forms of physical damage. Techniques used to increase productivity, such as high feed rates and high lap pressures, are the most serious causes of SSD [2]. An easily employed and non-destructive SSD measurement is important for the improvement of optical fabrication techniques.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125262101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single point diamond turning is a cost effective method of making aspheric optics for use in the infrared. Because the technique leaves fine grooves or tool marks in the surface of the turned part, diamond turned aspherics are not generally suited for use in the visible spectral region without post polishing of the turned surface. If this polishing is not done the surface exhibits a rainbow-like scattering that is objectionable in the final optical system.
{"title":"A Method for Polishing SPDT Aspheric Surfaces","authors":"Robert E. Parks","doi":"10.1364/oft.1992.tub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.tub2","url":null,"abstract":"Single point diamond turning is a cost effective method of making aspheric optics for use in the infrared. Because the technique leaves fine grooves or tool marks in the surface of the turned part, diamond turned aspherics are not generally suited for use in the visible spectral region without post polishing of the turned surface. If this polishing is not done the surface exhibits a rainbow-like scattering that is objectionable in the final optical system.","PeriodicalId":142307,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：