Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.4173
I. Khanzada, Naheed Akhter Talpur, Z. Shah, G. M. Jamro, J. Shah, K. H. Talpur, A. Shah
Phosphorus (P) and Sulphur (S) are the most important plant nutrients which play significant roles in enhancing the early growth and development and increasing the fodder yield of maize. This important field study was planned to evaluate the P-S interaction effects on maize growth, fodder yield and nutrient (P and S) uptake. The soil used for study was clay loam, medium-alkaline (pH: 7.9), non-saline (EC: 0.85 dS m-1), strongly calcareous (CaCO3: 24 %), adequate in organic matter (1.6 %), low in ABDTPA-P (3.5 mg kg-1), while medium in SO4-S (21.5 mg kg-1). Eight P and S treatments were involved in this study, i.e. single application of each 90 kg P2O5 (T1) and 20 kg S ha-1 (T2); integration of 90 kg P2O5 with S @ 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 (T3, T4 and T5, respectively), and integration of 120 kg P2O5 with S @ 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 (T6, T7 and T8, respectively). The experiment followed an RCBD arrangement that was replicated thrice. Recommended seed rate of maize (95 kg ha-1) was used for sowing. The results revealed that shoot biomass production was maximum when maize plants received higher doses of P and S in an integrated manner (120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1). At 30 DAS, shoot fresh biomass was found maximum, and statistically alike, when 90 or 120 kg P2O5 was integrated with S @ 60 kg ha-1. Shoot fresh biomass was maximum, at 40 DAS when 120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1 was applied to maize. Shoot dry biomass after 30 days of sowing was highest when 90 kg P2O5 was applied with S @ 60 kg ha-1 or when, 120 kg P2O5 was used with S @ 40 and 60 kg ha-1. Shoot length was maximum, both at 30 and 40 DAS, in case of using 120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1. Chlorophyll content of maize was maximum, both at 30 and 40 DAS, when 90 kg P2O5 was applied with S @ 60 kg ha-1. Maximum fodder yield of maize was noted when 120 kg P2O5 was applied with 60 kg S ha-1. Highest P-uptake, both at 30 and 40 DAS was noted when 120 kg P2O5 was applied with S @ 60 kg ha-1. At the first stage of growth, S-uptake was highest when 60 kg S was integrated with 90 kg P2O5 ha-1. The study advocated integrated application of 120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1 for obtaining economically maximum fodder yield of maize.
磷(P)和硫(S)是最重要的植物营养物质，对促进玉米早期生长发育和提高饲料产量具有重要作用。这项重要的田间研究旨在评估磷-硫互作对玉米生长、饲料产量和养分(磷和硫)吸收的影响。所研究的土壤为粘土壤土，中碱性(pH: 7.9)，无盐(EC: 0.85 dS - m-1)，强钙质(CaCO3: 24%)，有机质充足(1.6%)，ABDTPA-P含量低(3.5 mg kg-1)， SO4-S含量中等(21.5 mg kg-1)。本研究共设置8个磷、硫处理，即分别施用90 kg P2O5 (T1)和20 kg sha -1 (T2);90 kg P2O5与S @ 20、40和60 kg ha-1(分别为T3、T4和T5)结合，120 kg P2O5与S @ 20、40和60 kg ha-1(分别为T6、T7和T8)结合。实验遵循RCBD的安排，重复了三次。采用玉米推荐播种量(95 kg hm -1)播种。结果表明，磷、硫综合施用剂量为120 ~ 60 kg P2O5-S ha-1时，玉米茎部生物量产量最大。在30 DAS时，当90或120 kg P2O5与S @ 60 kg ha-1混合时，茎部新鲜生物量最大，统计结果相似。施用120 ~ 60 kg P2O5-S ha-1时，玉米茎部新鲜生物量在40 DAS时最大。播后30 d的地上部干生物量在90 kg P2O5配S @ 60 kg ha-1或120 kg P2O5配S @ 40和60 kg ha-1时最高。施用120 ~ 60 kg P2O5-S ha-1时，茎长在30和40 DAS时最大。施用90 kg P2O5, S @ 60 kg ha-1时，玉米叶绿素含量在30和40 DAS时最高。P2O5用量为120 kg, sha -1用量为60 kg时，玉米饲料产量最高。施用120 kg P2O5, S @ 60 kg ha-1时，在30和40 DAS时，p吸收量最高。在生长初期，60 kg S与90 kg P2O5 hm -1混合时S吸收最高。建议综合施用120 ~ 60 kg P2O5-S ha-1，以获得经济上最大的玉米饲料产量。
{"title":"Maize Growth, Fodder Yield and Nutrient Uptake in relation to Phosphorus and Sulphur Nutrition","authors":"I. Khanzada, Naheed Akhter Talpur, Z. Shah, G. M. Jamro, J. Shah, K. H. Talpur, A. Shah","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.4173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.4173","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) and Sulphur (S) are the most important plant nutrients which play significant roles in enhancing the early growth and development and increasing the fodder yield of maize. This important field study was planned to evaluate the P-S interaction effects on maize growth, fodder yield and nutrient (P and S) uptake. The soil used for study was clay loam, medium-alkaline (pH: 7.9), non-saline (EC: 0.85 dS m-1), strongly calcareous (CaCO3: 24 %), adequate in organic matter (1.6 %), low in ABDTPA-P (3.5 mg kg-1), while medium in SO4-S (21.5 mg kg-1). Eight P and S treatments were involved in this study, i.e. single application of each 90 kg P2O5 (T1) and 20 kg S ha-1 (T2); integration of 90 kg P2O5 with S @ 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 (T3, T4 and T5, respectively), and integration of 120 kg P2O5 with S @ 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 (T6, T7 and T8, respectively). The experiment followed an RCBD arrangement that was replicated thrice. Recommended seed rate of maize (95 kg ha-1) was used for sowing. The results revealed that shoot biomass production was maximum when maize plants received higher doses of P and S in an integrated manner (120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1). At 30 DAS, shoot fresh biomass was found maximum, and statistically alike, when 90 or 120 kg P2O5 was integrated with S @ 60 kg ha-1. Shoot fresh biomass was maximum, at 40 DAS when 120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1 was applied to maize. Shoot dry biomass after 30 days of sowing was highest when 90 kg P2O5 was applied with S @ 60 kg ha-1 or when, 120 kg P2O5 was used with S @ 40 and 60 kg ha-1. Shoot length was maximum, both at 30 and 40 DAS, in case of using 120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1. Chlorophyll content of maize was maximum, both at 30 and 40 DAS, when 90 kg P2O5 was applied with S @ 60 kg ha-1. Maximum fodder yield of maize was noted when 120 kg P2O5 was applied with 60 kg S ha-1. Highest P-uptake, both at 30 and 40 DAS was noted when 120 kg P2O5 was applied with S @ 60 kg ha-1. At the first stage of growth, S-uptake was highest when 60 kg S was integrated with 90 kg P2O5 ha-1. The study advocated integrated application of 120-60 kg P2O5-S ha-1 for obtaining economically maximum fodder yield of maize.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88333947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.4144
Muhammad Ali, G. Abbasi, Salman Ahmad, M. Ameen, S. Rehman, Muhammad Irfan, Rashid Iqbal
Salinity is one of the major stress factors that has a substantial impact on agricultural resilience and concerns global food safety. L-tryptophan being an essential regulator with specialized activities in plant functioning, as well as an increase in tolerance to various abiotic stressors. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine the effective role of L-tryptophan in okra seedlings in saline environment in terms of growth, physiological, ionic, and antioxidant properties. Salinity was imposed in growth medium with two levels of NaCl (Control and 80 mM NaCl) whereas one level of L-tryptophan (50 µM L-1) administered externally in both combined and single forms. MDA and H2O2 contents increase while plant dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water contents, membrane stability index, K+/Na+ ratio decreases due to salt stress. Salt toxicity was reduced when L-tryptophan was added as illustrated by increased relative water contents, membrane stability index, K+/Na+ ratio, as well as suppression of MDA and H2O2 generation. Our findings suggested that L-tryptophan increased salinity tolerance in okra, which could be a cause of viable sustainable production from salt-affected soils.
盐度是对农业抗灾能力产生重大影响的主要胁迫因素之一，并关系到全球食品安全。l -色氨酸是一种重要的调节剂，在植物功能中具有特殊的活性，并增加对各种非生物胁迫的耐受性。通过水培试验，研究了l -色氨酸在盐渍环境下秋葵幼苗生长、生理、离子和抗氧化性能方面的影响。在两种NaCl水平(对照和80 mM NaCl)的生长培养基中施加盐度，而l -色氨酸水平(50 μ M L-1)在外部以联合和单一形式施用。盐胁迫导致植株干物质、叶绿素含量、相对含水量、膜稳定性指数、K+/Na+比值降低，MDA和H2O2含量增加。添加l -色氨酸可降低盐毒性，增加相对含水量、膜稳定性指数、K+/Na+比值，抑制MDA和H2O2的生成。我们的研究结果表明，l -色氨酸增加了秋葵的耐盐性，这可能是在受盐影响的土壤中可行的可持续生产的原因。
{"title":"Enhancement in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Growth Performance Under Salt Stress Using Exogeneous Application of L- tryptophan","authors":"Muhammad Ali, G. Abbasi, Salman Ahmad, M. Ameen, S. Rehman, Muhammad Irfan, Rashid Iqbal","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.4144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.4144","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the major stress factors that has a substantial impact on agricultural resilience and concerns global food safety. L-tryptophan being an essential regulator with specialized activities in plant functioning, as well as an increase in tolerance to various abiotic stressors. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine the effective role of L-tryptophan in okra seedlings in saline environment in terms of growth, physiological, ionic, and antioxidant properties. Salinity was imposed in growth medium with two levels of NaCl (Control and 80 mM NaCl) whereas one level of L-tryptophan (50 µM L-1) administered externally in both combined and single forms. MDA and H2O2 contents increase while plant dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water contents, membrane stability index, K+/Na+ ratio decreases due to salt stress. Salt toxicity was reduced when L-tryptophan was added as illustrated by increased relative water contents, membrane stability index, K+/Na+ ratio, as well as suppression of MDA and H2O2 generation. Our findings suggested that L-tryptophan increased salinity tolerance in okra, which could be a cause of viable sustainable production from salt-affected soils.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.4184
S. Abro, M. Adnan, N. Ahmed, Mumtaz Ali, Hamzia Ali, Jumo Khan, S. Tunio, Sana Liakat, A. A. Abro, S. Parveen
Soil salinity is one of major deleterious abiotic stress limiting the yield of wheat crop. Plant growth produce is severely affected by various biotic and environmental and metabolic processes. Application of Potash fertilizer can reduce the harmful effects of saline stress and increase crop yield. This research was carried out to evaluate detrimental effects of salinity stress on wheat produce and to suggest appropriate dose of potash fertilizer to achieve optimum production under saline conditions. There were four K doses as (ck, 50, 3/4th and 100 kilogram K2O/ ha). The results depicted that potash fertilizer application increased wheat crop growth traits and produce substantially under saline regime, significantly. With potassium supplement, height of plant enhanced about 19.23 %, tillers per plant (36.24 %), length of spike (27.33 %) cm, wheat grains (23.5 %), and grain production increased (24.11 %) kg/ha. It was concluded that soil applied potassium fertilizer as K rate at 100 kg K2O yielded in maximum crop growth development and wheat produce at rate of 50 and 75 kg K2O ha-1. Therefore, potash fertilizer at rate of 100 kg K2O ha-1 may be adopted for optimum yield in wheat under saline environment.
土壤盐渍化是限制小麦产量的主要有害非生物胁迫之一。植物生长产物受到各种生物、环境和代谢过程的严重影响。施用钾肥可以减轻盐胁迫的危害，提高作物产量。本试验旨在评价盐胁迫对小麦生产的不利影响，并提出适宜的钾肥用量，以实现盐碱条件下的最佳产量。有4个钾剂量(ck、50、3/4和100 kg K2O/ ha)。结果表明，施用钾肥显著提高了盐渍条件下小麦作物的生长性状和产量。施钾后，株高增加19.23%，单株分蘖增加36.24%，穗长增加27.33%，粒数增加23.5%，籽粒产量增加24.11% kg/ha。结果表明，在作物最大生长发育时期，钾肥施钾量为100 kg K2O，小麦产量为50和75 kg K2O hm -1。因此，盐渍化环境下小麦产量最佳时，钾肥用量为100 kg K2O hm -1。
{"title":"Potassium Fertilizer Influences Growth Traits and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Saline Regime","authors":"S. Abro, M. Adnan, N. Ahmed, Mumtaz Ali, Hamzia Ali, Jumo Khan, S. Tunio, Sana Liakat, A. A. Abro, S. Parveen","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.4184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.4184","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is one of major deleterious abiotic stress limiting the yield of wheat crop. Plant growth produce is severely affected by various biotic and environmental and metabolic processes. Application of Potash fertilizer can reduce the harmful effects of saline stress and increase crop yield. This research was carried out to evaluate detrimental effects of salinity stress on wheat produce and to suggest appropriate dose of potash fertilizer to achieve optimum production under saline conditions. There were four K doses as (ck, 50, 3/4th and 100 kilogram K2O/ ha). The results depicted that potash fertilizer application increased wheat crop growth traits and produce substantially under saline regime, significantly. With potassium supplement, height of plant enhanced about 19.23 %, tillers per plant (36.24 %), length of spike (27.33 %) cm, wheat grains (23.5 %), and grain production increased (24.11 %) kg/ha. It was concluded that soil applied potassium fertilizer as K rate at 100 kg K2O yielded in maximum crop growth development and wheat produce at rate of 50 and 75 kg K2O ha-1. Therefore, potash fertilizer at rate of 100 kg K2O ha-1 may be adopted for optimum yield in wheat under saline environment.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83298454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.3991
Munzer Ullah, M. Sarfraz, H. Ullah, Z. Rehman, Zarif Gul, Misbah Ullah Khan, Rashid Iqbal, Maheen Kanwal, Nadia Nadeem, Amir Sohail, Ghazala Arshad
The main objective of the study is to summarize the uses of plants by local communities in Pakistan for the treatment of ulcer. In the present review, the data regarding antiulcerogenic plants were collected by searching different online data banks various research publications, PubMed, different books, thesis copies from libraries, and other national organizations. In the current review article, a total of 109 species belonging to 55 families were found to be used against ulcer treatment. Among these Asteraceae was the predominant family containing (11species) followed by Fabaceae (6 species), Asclepiadaceae (5 species), Chenopodiaceae (5 species), Pinaceae (5 species), Brassicaceae (4 species), Polygonaceae (4 species), and, so on. The highest number species used were herbaceous (67.88 %) followed by trees (17.43 %) and shrubs (14.67 %). The majority of the plants reported have significant and useful properties, but certain are cited in several papers that have sparked interest in further pharmacological research. It was occluded that whole plant and anthropogenic activities can make special interest to be exploited sustainably.
{"title":"Uses of Ethnomedicinal Plants for the Treatment of Ulcer in Pakistan","authors":"Munzer Ullah, M. Sarfraz, H. Ullah, Z. Rehman, Zarif Gul, Misbah Ullah Khan, Rashid Iqbal, Maheen Kanwal, Nadia Nadeem, Amir Sohail, Ghazala Arshad","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.3991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.3991","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the study is to summarize the uses of plants by local communities in Pakistan for the treatment of ulcer. In the present review, the data regarding antiulcerogenic plants were collected by searching different online data banks various research publications, PubMed, different books, thesis copies from libraries, and other national organizations. In the current review article, a total of 109 species belonging to 55 families were found to be used against ulcer treatment. Among these Asteraceae was the predominant family containing (11species) followed by Fabaceae (6 species), Asclepiadaceae (5 species), Chenopodiaceae (5 species), Pinaceae (5 species), Brassicaceae (4 species), Polygonaceae (4 species), and, so on. The highest number species used were herbaceous (67.88 %) followed by trees (17.43 %) and shrubs (14.67 %). The majority of the plants reported have significant and useful properties, but certain are cited in several papers that have sparked interest in further pharmacological research. It was occluded that whole plant and anthropogenic activities can make special interest to be exploited sustainably.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81600996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.4220
R. Manzoor, M. Akhtar, K. Khan, C. Rosen
The nutritional imbalances in tomato plants determined on the basis of soil and plant tests with interpretations on the critical nutrient level are less well correlated with the corresponding crop yields. Nutrient imbalance in tomatoes yield was assessed using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach was more efficient. The study objectives were to evaluate micronutrient status in tomato growing areas and determine the nutrient(s) limiting tomato yield and establish DRIS norms for micronutrients for tomato crop. Twenty-six tomato fields from Chatter plain (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), and Sheikupura (Punjab) were collected with soil, accompanying leaf index tissue and tomato yield was recorded. Tomato yield data were recorded and divided into high- (≥3.90 kg per 10 plants) and low- yield (3.95 kg per 10 plants) populations. DRIS analysis identified a deficiency of iron in the tomato production areas. Norms established through DRIS can be used for potential tomato yield.
在土壤和植物试验的基础上确定的番茄植株营养不平衡与相应作物产量的相关性较差，对临界营养水平的解释。采用诊断与推荐综合系统(DRIS)评价番茄产量的营养不平衡更有效。本研究旨在评价番茄产区微量元素状况，确定限制番茄产量的养分，建立番茄作物微量元素的DRIS标准。在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的Chatter平原和旁遮普省的Sheikupura地区收集了26块番茄田，并对土壤、叶片指数组织和番茄产量进行了记录。记录番茄产量数据，分为高产群体(≥3.90 kg / 10株)和低产群体(3.95 kg / 10株)。DRIS分析发现番茄产区缺铁。通过DRIS建立的规范可用于番茄潜在产量。
{"title":"Micronutrient Status and their Deficiency Diagnosed through DRIS in Tomato Growing Areas","authors":"R. Manzoor, M. Akhtar, K. Khan, C. Rosen","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.4220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.4220","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional imbalances in tomato plants determined on the basis of soil and plant tests with interpretations on the critical nutrient level are less well correlated with the corresponding crop yields. Nutrient imbalance in tomatoes yield was assessed using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach was more efficient. The study objectives were to evaluate micronutrient status in tomato growing areas and determine the nutrient(s) limiting tomato yield and establish DRIS norms for micronutrients for tomato crop. Twenty-six tomato fields from Chatter plain (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), and Sheikupura (Punjab) were collected with soil, accompanying leaf index tissue and tomato yield was recorded. Tomato yield data were recorded and divided into high- (≥3.90 kg per 10 plants) and low- yield (3.95 kg per 10 plants) populations. DRIS analysis identified a deficiency of iron in the tomato production areas. Norms established through DRIS can be used for potential tomato yield.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74793053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.3992
Munzer Ullah, M. Sarfraz, H. Ullah, Z. Rahman, Zarif Gul, Misbah Ullah Khan, Rashid Iqbal, Maheen Kanwal, Aasma Gulzar, Tehmina Sadiq, Aisha Rabnawaz
Currently, the development of human societies is greatly affected because of global environmental problems. Pakistan is also on the list of the most affected countries facing a number of environmental issues that affect not only people health but also the economy. The present work examines with focus on secondary data and information gathered from various literature on water and air pollution. Both water and air pollution are very complex issues and their connection to measuring the exact level of pollution is an extremely difficult one. Therefore, in this review, the main sources influencing pollution risks in Pakistan are human urbanization, surface water pollution, industrial sewage pollution, air pollution, and soil pollution. This study will help to develop suitable strategies and rules for Pakistan environmental protection in the near future. Finally, the aim of this article is to raise awareness of environmental pollution, including water pollution, air pollution, and their effect on human health, animals, and agricultural activities.
{"title":"Water and Air Pollution as an Emerging Problem for Pakistan: A Review","authors":"Munzer Ullah, M. Sarfraz, H. Ullah, Z. Rahman, Zarif Gul, Misbah Ullah Khan, Rashid Iqbal, Maheen Kanwal, Aasma Gulzar, Tehmina Sadiq, Aisha Rabnawaz","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.3992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.3992","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the development of human societies is greatly affected because of global environmental problems. Pakistan is also on the list of the most affected countries facing a number of environmental issues that affect not only people health but also the economy. The present work examines with focus on secondary data and information gathered from various literature on water and air pollution. Both water and air pollution are very complex issues and their connection to measuring the exact level of pollution is an extremely difficult one. Therefore, in this review, the main sources influencing pollution risks in Pakistan are human urbanization, surface water pollution, industrial sewage pollution, air pollution, and soil pollution. This study will help to develop suitable strategies and rules for Pakistan environmental protection in the near future. Finally, the aim of this article is to raise awareness of environmental pollution, including water pollution, air pollution, and their effect on human health, animals, and agricultural activities.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75288573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.3766
M. Sarfraz, H. Ullah, Rashid Iqbal, Z. Rehman, S. Sajid, Munzer Ullah
Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological complexes to which they belong. It ranges from fish in the sea, birds in the air, and soil microorganisms in the soil to genetic variability in crops of agriculture and diversity of ecosystems. For an efficient ecosystem, this variability is very necessary because the ecosystem provides ecosystem services to an organization and society. Biodiversity is recognized more and more as an important issue. For an organization, it is very difficult to transform theory into practice. Implementing tools to sufficiently administer act inconsistency with the purpose of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Reporting offers organizations a chance to give details of their connection with biodiversity. Plants are generally familiar as a vital component of biodiversity and global sustainability. They provide food, fuel, shelter, fiber, and medicine. Healthy ecosystems based on plant diversity provide the conditions and processes that sustain life and are essential to the well-being and livelihoods of all mankind. It also forms the basis of all ecosystems on which all the animal species depend. They also provide natural resources for humanity all over the world. They provide most of the basis of materials which are necessary for our daily life.
{"title":"Goals, Definitions, Principles, and Issues in Biodiversity Reporting: A Critical Review","authors":"M. Sarfraz, H. Ullah, Rashid Iqbal, Z. Rehman, S. Sajid, Munzer Ullah","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.3766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.3766","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological complexes to which they belong. It ranges from fish in the sea, birds in the air, and soil microorganisms in the soil to genetic variability in crops of agriculture and diversity of ecosystems. For an efficient ecosystem, this variability is very necessary because the ecosystem provides ecosystem services to an organization and society. Biodiversity is recognized more and more as an important issue. For an organization, it is very difficult to transform theory into practice. Implementing tools to sufficiently administer act inconsistency with the purpose of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Reporting offers organizations a chance to give details of their connection with biodiversity. Plants are generally familiar as a vital component of biodiversity and global sustainability. They provide food, fuel, shelter, fiber, and medicine. Healthy ecosystems based on plant diversity provide the conditions and processes that sustain life and are essential to the well-being and livelihoods of all mankind. It also forms the basis of all ecosystems on which all the animal species depend. They also provide natural resources for humanity all over the world. They provide most of the basis of materials which are necessary for our daily life.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85245590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.4054
F. Karim, R. Bibi, Kashif Nadeem, Shahzad Muzamil, I. R. Nasir, M. Z. Hassan
The experiment was conducted in local field conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan during the 2021 Kharif season on three different sites. The core objective of this experiment is to manage Jassid on the cotton crop a major pest. Five different insecticides Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Dimethoate and clothianidin were evaluated at recommended doses. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replications. Data regarding the Jassid population before a spray of insecticides and after 24-, 48-, and 72-hour’s of spray were recorded. The reduction in the Jassid population is evaluated by the Abbots formula. The results indicated that Nitenpyram was found most effective on Jassid with mean mortality of 63.47%, 65.07 and 61.86% followed by Dinotefuran with 59.22%, 59.33% and 51.45%. Other treatments thiamethoxam, Dimethoate and clothianidin were at par and did not reduce the Jassid population after 24 and 48 hours. However, thiamethoxam and clothianidin reduced the Jassid population below ETL after 72 hours of spray as compared to Dimethoate. Therefore, it is recommended that Nitenpyram and Dinotefuran should be used for Jassid control at the recommended dose.
{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides Against Jassid on Cotton Crop under Field Conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan","authors":"F. Karim, R. Bibi, Kashif Nadeem, Shahzad Muzamil, I. R. Nasir, M. Z. Hassan","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.4054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.4054","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in local field conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan during the 2021 Kharif season on three different sites. The core objective of this experiment is to manage Jassid on the cotton crop a major pest. Five different insecticides Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Dimethoate and clothianidin were evaluated at recommended doses. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replications. Data regarding the Jassid population before a spray of insecticides and after 24-, 48-, and 72-hour’s of spray were recorded. The reduction in the Jassid population is evaluated by the Abbots formula. The results indicated that Nitenpyram was found most effective on Jassid with mean mortality of 63.47%, 65.07 and 61.86% followed by Dinotefuran with 59.22%, 59.33% and 51.45%. Other treatments thiamethoxam, Dimethoate and clothianidin were at par and did not reduce the Jassid population after 24 and 48 hours. However, thiamethoxam and clothianidin reduced the Jassid population below ETL after 72 hours of spray as compared to Dimethoate. Therefore, it is recommended that Nitenpyram and Dinotefuran should be used for Jassid control at the recommended dose.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84329422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.01.4250
Saira Azmat, Khizar Razzaq, Muhammad Nawaz Sukhera, A. Habib, Rong-Jun Guo, Faiza I. Ali, S. T. Sahi, N. Khan
In present study four types of botanical extracts including neem (Azadirachta indica L.), safeda (Eucalyptus cameldulensis Dehnh.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Spenn.) and ajwain (Trachyspermum-ammi L.) were selected and pre-inoculated on susceptible wheat cultivar “Morocco” to evaluate their effect on oxidative enzyme activity, chlorophyll contents, phenol contents and yield components against Puccinia triticina Eriks under In-vivo conditions during 2018/2019 growing seasons. Coefficient of infection (ACI) for all botanicals ranging between 6.50-16.50 as compared to control (ACI= 78.00) reflect the significant response in reducing infection of leaf rust. Ajwain was the most effective, its efficiency reached 91.66%, similar to the efficiency of fungicide spotless 12.5 WP (93.20%) followed by rosemary (85.25%), neem (82.00%) and safeda (78.84%). Moreover, all tested botanicals significantly increased the wheat yield components. Similarly, the biochemical analysis revealed that chlorophyll contents, oxidative enzymes activities (POX PPO) and phenol contents in all treated plants increased. We conclude pre-application of botanical extracts is a promising approach for the management of leaf rust of wheat.
{"title":"Enhanced Systemic Resistance and Yield against Puccinia triticina Eriks in Wheat through Botanicals under In-vivo condition; An Eco-Friendly Approach","authors":"Saira Azmat, Khizar Razzaq, Muhammad Nawaz Sukhera, A. Habib, Rong-Jun Guo, Faiza I. Ali, S. T. Sahi, N. Khan","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.01.4250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.01.4250","url":null,"abstract":"In present study four types of botanical extracts including neem (Azadirachta indica L.), safeda (Eucalyptus cameldulensis Dehnh.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Spenn.) and ajwain (Trachyspermum-ammi L.) were selected and pre-inoculated on susceptible wheat cultivar “Morocco” to evaluate their effect on oxidative enzyme activity, chlorophyll contents, phenol contents and yield components against Puccinia triticina Eriks under In-vivo conditions during 2018/2019 growing seasons. Coefficient of infection (ACI) for all botanicals ranging between 6.50-16.50 as compared to control (ACI= 78.00) reflect the significant response in reducing infection of leaf rust. Ajwain was the most effective, its efficiency reached 91.66%, similar to the efficiency of fungicide spotless 12.5 WP (93.20%) followed by rosemary (85.25%), neem (82.00%) and safeda (78.84%). Moreover, all tested botanicals significantly increased the wheat yield components. Similarly, the biochemical analysis revealed that chlorophyll contents, oxidative enzymes activities (POX PPO) and phenol contents in all treated plants increased. We conclude pre-application of botanical extracts is a promising approach for the management of leaf rust of wheat.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79157036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhizobium microbial bacteria functioning that living a symbiosis relationship soil and leguminous plant root fixation of nitrogen to be utilized by plant superior performance during grain development stage. They can enter into symbiosis with leguminous plant, by infecting their root nodules. The legume crops are the bigger partner, often referred to as macro-symbiotic. Usually certain strains form nodule on the limited legume plants. Such a collection of strain is called cross inoculation group. Legume crops show a decrease in the nitrogenase activities observed in soil, the higher doses of nitrogen reduce nitrogen fixation on one hand and increase cost of production on the other. Rhizobium inoculation encourage both nutrient such as Mo and Fe nutrient increasing N-fixation capacity in soil with the effective agronomic practice directly plant root nodulation, nitrogen fixation, vegetative germination, maturity and yield of black gram. It is use of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) increases nitrogen and phosphorus uptake use efficiency from soil. Lesser efficiency of PSB has been showing through Co-inoculation with another profitable bacteria mycorrhiza. The main used of rhizobia, PSB and improvement of soil fertility and increased of yield of black gram and decrease the use of balance fertilizer.
{"title":"Response of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) to Rhizobium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen for Sustainable Agriculture: A Mini Review","authors":"D. Veer, K. Habib, Krishna Kumar","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizobium microbial bacteria functioning that living a symbiosis relationship soil and leguminous plant root fixation of nitrogen to be utilized by plant superior performance during grain development stage. They can enter into symbiosis with leguminous plant, by infecting their root nodules. The legume crops are the bigger partner, often referred to as macro-symbiotic. Usually certain strains form nodule on the limited legume plants. Such a collection of strain is called cross inoculation group. Legume crops show a decrease in the nitrogenase activities observed in soil, the higher doses of nitrogen reduce nitrogen fixation on one hand and increase cost of production on the other. Rhizobium inoculation encourage both nutrient such as Mo and Fe nutrient increasing N-fixation capacity in soil with the effective agronomic practice directly plant root nodulation, nitrogen fixation, vegetative germination, maturity and yield of black gram. It is use of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) increases nitrogen and phosphorus uptake use efficiency from soil. Lesser efficiency of PSB has been showing through Co-inoculation with another profitable bacteria mycorrhiza. The main used of rhizobia, PSB and improvement of soil fertility and increased of yield of black gram and decrease the use of balance fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89743492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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