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Entre o cosmopolitismo e o realismo político: Habermas, Honneth e a Escola Inglesa das Relações Internacionais 世界主义与政治现实主义之间:哈贝马斯、霍尼思与英国国际关系学派
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P338
João Henrique Salles Jung, Nythamar De Oliveira
This article recasts the discussion on cosmopolitanism in the critical theory of Habermas and Honneth, based on the former’s notion of “constitutional patriotism” and the latter’s problematic theory of recognition between States, resorting to some premises of the English School of International Relations, with emphasis on the interlocution between pluralism and solidarity, so as to move forward in the cosmopolitan debate beyond a normatively Eurocentric proposal and as an alternative to utopian and state-centered models. Starting from a conjuncture of a political reality that is directed towards cosmopolitanism, Habermas uses the identity question and the respective awareness of society while being able to self-regulate as a sine qua non condition of legitimacy for a supranational political practice. However, in presenting his panorama, the Sternberg philosopher can be accused of falling into normative Westernism. Honneth remains skeptical about the idea of extending his theory of recognition to international relations between states or as something to be intuitively inferred from a robust philosophy of law, such as that which he himself sought to update by the normative reconstruction of the Hegelian theory of law. It is our contention that the English School may enable new directions in relation to a post-national reality in which it is possible to enforce principles such as global justice and human rights, while respecting the normative cleavages between peoples in the process of not suppressing different moral and cultural valuations.
本文借鉴英国国际关系学派的一些前提,以哈贝马斯的“宪政爱国主义”概念和霍内斯的国家间承认问题理论为基础,对哈贝马斯和霍内斯批判理论中关于世界主义的讨论进行了重新梳理,强调多元主义与团结主义之间的对话。以便在世界主义辩论中超越规范性的欧洲中心主义建议,并作为乌托邦和国家中心模式的替代方案。哈贝马斯从一个指向世界主义的政治现实出发,在能够自我调节的同时,将身份问题和各自的社会意识作为超国家政治实践合法性的必要条件。然而,在展示他的全景时,斯滕伯格哲学家可能会被指责陷入规范的西方主义。Honneth仍然对将他的承认理论扩展到国家间的国际关系的想法持怀疑态度,或者从一个强大的法律哲学中直观地推断出一些东西,比如他自己试图通过对黑格尔法律理论的规范重建来更新。我们的论点是,英国学派可能为后国家现实提供新的方向,在这种现实中,有可能执行全球正义和人权等原则,同时在不压制不同道德和文化价值的过程中尊重人民之间的规范分歧。
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引用次数: 0
Direito cosmopolita e direito dos refugiados em Kant 康德的世界主义法与难民法
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P268
Maria de Lourdes Borges
Nesse artigo, eu gostaria de relacionar o direito cosmopolita kantiano e o direito dos refugiados. Iniciarei apresentando a ideia de um direito das nacoes, associando-a ao projeto de uma liga das Nacoes. Mostrarei que a ideia de uma liga das nacoes, proposta por Kant como uma forma de evitar a guerra, e uma substituta de um Estado de Estados, o qual seria um ideal impossivel de ser alcancado. Num segundo momento, analisarei em que consiste o direito cosmopolita em Kant. Ao final, indagarei sobre um possivel direito dos refugiados como uma consequencia do direito a hospitalidade universal.
在这篇文章中,我想把康德的世界主义法和难民法联系起来。我将首先提出国家权利的想法,并将其与国家联盟的项目联系起来。我将展示国家联盟的想法,由康德提出,作为一种避免战争的方式,是国家的国家的替代品,这将是一个不可能实现的理想。其次,我将分析康德的世界性法律是由什么组成的。最后,我将探讨难民的一种可能的权利,这是普遍接待权的结果。
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引用次数: 0
O cosmopolitismo jurídico de Kant 康德的法律世界主义
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P209
J. Klein
In this paper I argue that Kant’s legal cosmopolitanism requires the perspective of the world republic, which implies the free federation of peoples as a necessary intermediate step. This interpretation is grounded on two arguments. Firstly, that the concept of world republic is juridically necessary according to Kant’s concept of law. Secondly, the rejection of a world monarchy and the defense of a free league of nations as a necessary intermediate step is grounded on critical metaphysical requirements, namely, a teleological connection between right and historical, anthropological, political and prudential considerations.
本文认为,康德的法律世界主义需要世界共和国的视角,而世界共和国意味着人民的自由联邦是一个必要的中间步骤。这种解释基于两个论点。首先,根据康德的法律概念,世界共和国的概念在法律上是必要的。其次,拒绝世界君主制和捍卫自由国家联盟作为必要的中间步骤,是基于批判的形而上学要求,即权利与历史、人类学、政治和审慎考虑之间的目的论联系。
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引用次数: 2
O direito de um Estado contra "um inimigo injusto" não tem limites 一个国家对抗“不公正敌人”的权利是无限的
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P250
D. Dutra, Cláudio Ladeira de Oliveira
Schmitt sustentou que a moderna desconexao entre a guerra justa e a justa causa para a guerra implicou um avanco na racionalizacao juridica das guerras no âmbito do direito internacional publico. Nesse particular, a analise que Schmitt faz de Kant questiona a adesao do filosofo a essa tese da modernidade. Para ele, o Kant maduro acabou por reverberar as teses da justa causa para a guerra mediante o seu conceito de inimigo injusto da RL. O presente texto defende a interpretacao de Williams segundo a qual Kant teria nao so abandonado a justa causa para a guerra, como teria abandonado a propria nocao de guerra justa, visto tal nocao estar em descompasso com o direito internacional publico.
施密特认为,正义战争和正义战争事业之间的现代脱节意味着在国际公法下战争的法律合理化取得了进展。在这方面,施密特对康德的分析质疑了哲学家对现代性这一论点的坚持。对他来说,成熟的康德最终通过他的不公正敌人RL的概念来呼应战争的正义事业的论点。本文为威廉姆斯的解释进行了辩护,根据威廉姆斯的解释,康德不仅放弃了战争的正义事业,而且也放弃了正义战争的概念,因为这一概念与国际公法不一致。
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引用次数: 0
The complexity of healthcare fraud - ethical and practical considerations 医疗保健欺诈的复杂性-道德和实际考虑
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P367
D. Smit, J. Derksen
When healthcare professionals suspect that healthcare fraud is being committed, they almost always find themselves in a new, unknown situation. They have many questions and feel unable to act adequately. With a growing attention on healthcare fraud, research was done on What is the right thing to do in case of presumed healthcare fraud and how to do this right? We started with a search of the literature on healthcare fraud, and the characteristics of a fraudster and a whistle-blower. For ‘doing the right thing’ we used Hannah Arendt and her distinction between labor, work and action. According to Arendt, the right thing to do is action. With action, the whistle-blower opens up space for other perspectives and discussion. For ‘doing things right’ we used the Cynefin Framework from Dave Snowden, which is based on complexity sciences. The decision model of the Cynefin Framework gives advice on how to respond. Still, revealing healthcare fraud and doing things right will always be a path of painful uncertainty.
当医疗保健专业人员怀疑医疗保健欺诈发生时,他们几乎总是发现自己处于一个新的、未知的情况。他们有许多问题,感到无法充分行动。随着人们对医疗保健欺诈的关注越来越多,研究人员进行了关于在假定的医疗保健欺诈情况下应该做什么以及如何正确做这件事的研究。我们首先搜索了有关医疗欺诈的文献,以及欺诈者和举报者的特征。对于“做正确的事”,我们用了汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)和她对劳动、工作和行动的区分。阿伦特认为,正确的做法是采取行动。通过行动,举报人为其他观点和讨论开辟了空间。为了“做正确的事情”,我们使用了戴夫·斯诺登的Cynefin框架,这是基于复杂性科学的。Cynefin框架的决策模型给出了如何应对的建议。尽管如此,揭露医疗欺诈和做正确的事情将永远是一条痛苦的不确定之路。
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引用次数: 5
Obrigação, autoridade e demanda moral 义务、权威和道德要求
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P386
Evandro Barbosa
O artigo discute a relacao entre obrigacao e autoridade moral a partir da pressuposicao endossada por Peter Strawson, R. Jay Wallace e Stephen Darwall de que moralidade se constitui como um contexto normativo relacional. Depois de destacar o problema, analiso o papel preponderante que culpa moral e atitudes reativas negativas possuem para determinar aquilo que constitui a erradez moral de uma acao. Isso posto, abordarei os tipos de obrigacao moral que podemos extrair deste modelo e sua relacao com o que chamarei de coeficiente de autoridade. Por fim, questiono o resultado dessa relacao e apresento consideracoes que desafiam essa estrategia.
本文从彼得·斯特劳森、r·杰伊·华莱士和斯蒂芬·达沃尔所支持的道德作为一种关系规范语境的假设出发,探讨了义务与道德权威之间的关系。在强调了这个问题之后,我分析了道德内疚和消极反应态度在决定什么构成行为的道德错误方面所起的主导作用。话虽如此,我将讨论我们可以从这个模型中提取的道德义务的类型,以及它与我称之为权威系数的关系。最后,我质疑这种关系的结果,并提出挑战这一策略的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
"Capital et ideólogie", de Thomas Piketty - Ainda é mais fácil pensar no fim do mundo que no fim do capitalismo? 托马斯·皮凯蒂(Thomas Piketty)的《资本与意识形态》(Capital et ideologie)——思考世界末日还比思考资本主义的终结更容易吗?
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P464
Hélio Alexandre da Silva
Resenha de: PIKETTY, Thomas. Capital et idéologie. Paris: Seuil. 2019.
评论作者:托马斯·皮凯蒂。资本与意识形态。巴黎:Seuil. 2019。
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引用次数: 1
Dois momentos do cosmopolitismo kantiano 康德世界主义的两个时刻
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P193
Vinicius De Figueiredo
In this article, I shall investigate two moments of the Kantian conception of cosmopolitanism. Firstly, how it appears in the Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and the sublime (1764), and then how it is taken up in the Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose (1784). I argue that in these two texts there is a link between cosmopolitanism and history and that this link operates under the backing of special metaphysics. Attested by the speculative idea of wholeness, which belongs to Rational Cosmology, the articulation between cosmopolitanism and special metaphysics ends up evoking the Rational Theology, due to Kant’s use of the “nature” as the author of a plan oriented to accomplish the moral destination of mankind. After examining the status of theological arguments in the Observations and in the Idea of a Universal History, I try to to point out the changes in the Kantian conception of cosmopolitanism in these two wrtitings.
在这篇文章中,我将研究康德的世界主义概念的两个时刻。首先,它在《关于美的和崇高的感觉的观察》(1764年)中是怎样出现的,其次,它在《具有世界主义目的的普遍历史理念》(1784年)中又是怎样被采纳的。我认为,在这两篇文章中,世界主义和历史之间存在着联系,而这种联系是在特殊形而上学的支持下运作的。在理性宇宙论的思辨整体性观念的证明下,由于康德将“自然”作为实现人类道德目标的计划的作者,世界主义与特殊形而上学的衔接最终唤起了理性神学。在考察了《观察》和《世界史观念》中神学论证的地位之后,我试图指出康德的世界主义观念在这两本著作中的变化。
{"title":"Dois momentos do cosmopolitismo kantiano","authors":"Vinicius De Figueiredo","doi":"10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P193","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I shall investigate two moments of the Kantian conception of cosmopolitanism. Firstly, how it appears in the Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and the sublime (1764), and then how it is taken up in the Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose (1784). I argue that in these two texts there is a link between cosmopolitanism and history and that this link operates under the backing of special metaphysics. Attested by the speculative idea of wholeness, which belongs to Rational Cosmology, the articulation between cosmopolitanism and special metaphysics ends up evoking the Rational Theology, due to Kant’s use of the “nature” as the author of a plan oriented to accomplish the moral destination of mankind. After examining the status of theological arguments in the Observations and in the Idea of a Universal History, I try to to point out the changes in the Kantian conception of cosmopolitanism in these two wrtitings.","PeriodicalId":143268,"journal":{"name":"Ethic@: an International Journal for Moral Philosophy","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122919725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cosmopolitismo: cidadania além dos Estados 世界主义:超越国家的公民身份
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P153
Celso Pinheiro
Este artigo procura analisar os principios que norteiam o surgimento de um novo conceito de cidadania. Fundamentalmente, a historia mostra que ser cidadao e pertencer a um Estado. Portanto, o direito a ter direitos estaria conectado diretamente com a ideia de pertencimento. Sendo mantida essa nocao de cidadania, refugiados, migrantes e expatriados estariam excluidos da condicao de cidadaos e, portanto, nao possuiriam direito algum. No entanto, as relacoes globais contemporâneas e a ampliacao do alcance dos Direitos Humanos tornam obrigatorias as atencoes aos individuos que se encontram alem das fronteiras de seu Estado patrio. Da mesma forma, o surgimento de um novo espaco publico, tornado possivel pela rede mundial de comunicacao, traz a luz o fato da liberdade precisar ser garantida a nivel transnacional e cosmopolita. A partir de consideracoes como estas, pode-se perguntar pelo estatuto dos individuos que se encontram nas determinadas situacoes: nao seriam eles os novos cidadaos do mundo? Ha de se analisar, portanto, o desenvolvimento da ideia de uma cidadania que possa existir alem dos limites das fronteiras, isto e, de uma cidadania global, transnacional e cosmopolita.
本文试图分析指导公民新概念出现的原则。从根本上说,历史表明,作为一个公民,属于一个国家。因此,拥有权利的权利与归属的概念直接相关。如果保留这种公民身份,难民、移民和外派人员将被排除在公民身份之外,因此没有任何权利。然而,当代全球关系和人权范围的扩大,使对超越其祖国边界的个人的关注成为强制性的。同样,一个新的公共空间的出现,由全球通信网络使之成为可能,揭示了自由需要在跨国和世界性的水平上得到保障的事实。从这些考虑出发,人们可以问在特定情况下的个人的地位:他们难道不是世界的新公民吗?因此,我们必须研究公民身份概念的发展,这种公民身份可以超越国界,即全球、跨国和世界性的公民身份。
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引用次数: 0
Cosmologia e política no Antropoceno
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.5007/1677-2954.2020V19N2P300
M. A. Valentim
This article seeks to examine the issue of cosmopolitanism in the light of the ongoing socio-environmental catastrophe, baptized by many as Anthropocene. The relations between science and politics are discussed based on the entropological considerations of Levi-Strauss and Prigogine & Stengers, among others. It develops the hypothesis that human politics is essentially characterized by a thermodynamic potential, capable of driving society, together with the environment, to catastrophic collapse. In this sense, it is concluded that the transcendental principle of teleological conformity of nature, taken from Kant and Bergson, gives rise to a kind of cosmic fascism.
这篇文章试图在持续的社会环境灾难的光下研究世界主义的问题,被许多人称为人类世。科学与政治之间的关系是根据列维-施特劳斯和普里高津&斯坦厄斯等人的熵学考虑来讨论的。它提出了一个假设,即人类政治的本质特征是一种热力学潜力,能够推动社会和环境一起走向灾难性的崩溃。在这个意义上,我们可以得出结论,从康德和柏格森那里得到的自然的目的论一致性的先验原则产生了一种宇宙法西斯主义。
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引用次数: 3
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Ethic@: an International Journal for Moral Philosophy
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