Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400026
M. Elfman, K. Limburg, H. Svedäng, H. Wickström, M. Borysiuk, L. Ros, Naseem S. Abdel, P. Kristiansson, E. Nilsson, J. Pallon
Over the past 10 years, several thousand otoliths have been analyzed with PIXE (using 2.55 MeV protons) at LIBAF (Lund Ionbeam Analysis Facility, formerly LNMP Lund Nuclear Micro Probe). Over 40 elements have been identified in otoliths, many at levels suitable for PIXE analysis. Readily detectable elements in otoliths starting with Ca are: Ca (the matrix), Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sn (difficult), I, Ba (sometimes difficult), Pb (difficult). The detector system, used over this time period, is more sensitive than many other X-ray detector systems, since it consists of eight HPGE detector elements (100 mm2 each), in an annular formation around the beam entrance. Using a thick absorber allows us to use quite high beam current, typically 12 nA, but sometimes up to 20 nA. This permits us to have low detection limits within short analysis times. Additionally, light stable isotope research is widespread in the sciences including ecology. Stable isotopes of N provide information about trophic level (“who eats who”), providing the opportunity to map out the switching of diets from one food type to another. Oxygen isotopes are useful as “environmental thermometers”. Currently, most of such analyses require destruction of the otolith, and nitrogen isotope analysis may require dissolving entire otoliths, thus losing all temporal information. We present new techniques using new types of detectors, double side silicon strip detector (DSSSD). The detectors, electronics and the laboratory setup are described in detail; for our analysis, a MeV proton and a deuterium microbeam at LIBAF is used. The analysis is performed immediately after the PIXE analysis, without moving the sample.
{"title":"A decade’s worth of otolith PIXE analyses","authors":"M. Elfman, K. Limburg, H. Svedäng, H. Wickström, M. Borysiuk, L. Ros, Naseem S. Abdel, P. Kristiansson, E. Nilsson, J. Pallon","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400026","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 10 years, several thousand otoliths have been analyzed with PIXE (using 2.55 MeV protons) at LIBAF (Lund Ionbeam Analysis Facility, formerly LNMP Lund Nuclear Micro Probe). Over 40 elements have been identified in otoliths, many at levels suitable for PIXE analysis. Readily detectable elements in otoliths starting with Ca are: Ca (the matrix), Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sn (difficult), I, Ba (sometimes difficult), Pb (difficult). The detector system, used over this time period, is more sensitive than many other X-ray detector systems, since it consists of eight HPGE detector elements (100 mm2 each), in an annular formation around the beam entrance. Using a thick absorber allows us to use quite high beam current, typically 12 nA, but sometimes up to 20 nA. This permits us to have low detection limits within short analysis times. Additionally, light stable isotope research is widespread in the sciences including ecology. Stable isotopes of N provide information about trophic level (“who eats who”), providing the opportunity to map out the switching of diets from one food type to another. Oxygen isotopes are useful as “environmental thermometers”. Currently, most of such analyses require destruction of the otolith, and nitrogen isotope analysis may require dissolving entire otoliths, thus losing all temporal information. We present new techniques using new types of detectors, double side silicon strip detector (DSSSD). The detectors, electronics and the laboratory setup are described in detail; for our analysis, a MeV proton and a deuterium microbeam at LIBAF is used. The analysis is performed immediately after the PIXE analysis, without moving the sample.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"49 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82914703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400087
M. Santoso, D. D. Lestiani, S. Kurniawati, A. Markwitz, W. Trompetter, B. Barry, P. Davy
Lead poisoning is one of the environmental problems affecting human health. In Indonesia, leaded gasoline was completely phased out since July 2006. As part of an air pollution study, Pb monitoring was carried out from 2005 to 2012 in Bandung to assess the impact of the use of unleaded gasoline on the Pb level in the ambient air in Indonesia. Airborne particulate samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter unit sampler in two size fractions of <2.5μm (fine) and 2.5 to 10μm (coarse). Black carbon (BC) was determined by reflectance and elemental analysis was performed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The results showed that the annual averages of lead concentrations in the fine particulate matter in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 44.53, 27.06, 22.21, 17.75, 17.21, 16.24, 19.25 and 12.69 ng⋅m−3, respectively. The airborne lead concentrations showed a declining trend over the years after implementation of the government policy of phasing out leaded gasoline. After six years of monitoring, the lead concentration in PM2.5 was decreased by over 70% compared to samples collected before July 2006. The average of PM mass, BC and elemental concentrations are also presented and discussed. The significant decrease of Pb concentration in the ambient air of Bandung is a great success story of the phase out of leaded gasoline in Indonesia.
{"title":"Long term airborne lead pollution monitoring in Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"M. Santoso, D. D. Lestiani, S. Kurniawati, A. Markwitz, W. Trompetter, B. Barry, P. Davy","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400087","url":null,"abstract":"Lead poisoning is one of the environmental problems affecting human health. In Indonesia, leaded gasoline was completely phased out since July 2006. As part of an air pollution study, Pb monitoring was carried out from 2005 to 2012 in Bandung to assess the impact of the use of unleaded gasoline on the Pb level in the ambient air in Indonesia. Airborne particulate samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter unit sampler in two size fractions of <2.5μm (fine) and 2.5 to 10μm (coarse). Black carbon (BC) was determined by reflectance and elemental analysis was performed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The results showed that the annual averages of lead concentrations in the fine particulate matter in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 44.53, 27.06, 22.21, 17.75, 17.21, 16.24, 19.25 and 12.69 ng⋅m−3, respectively. The airborne lead concentrations showed a declining trend over the years after implementation of the government policy of phasing out leaded gasoline. After six years of monitoring, the lead concentration in PM2.5 was decreased by over 70% compared to samples collected before July 2006. The average of PM mass, BC and elemental concentrations are also presented and discussed. The significant decrease of Pb concentration in the ambient air of Bandung is a great success story of the phase out of leaded gasoline in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"17 1","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83042609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400117
K. Ishii, H. Kawano, S. Inagaki, Y. Sato, T. Maruyama, M. Fujiwara, H. Arai, A. Terakawa, S. Matsuyama
We developed an X-ray pinhole camera using a radio-isotope source that emits only X-rays.We investigated the performance of this system using a 55Fe source with phantom samples. We then applied it to investigate the movement of a 55Fe tracer in Japanese mustard spinach. We obtained X-ray images of the 55Fe tracer in the spinach samples, and found that 55Fe accumulated in the plant.
{"title":"An X-ray pinhole camera using metallic radioisotopes emitting only characteristic X-rays","authors":"K. Ishii, H. Kawano, S. Inagaki, Y. Sato, T. Maruyama, M. Fujiwara, H. Arai, A. Terakawa, S. Matsuyama","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400117","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an X-ray pinhole camera using a radio-isotope source that emits only X-rays.We investigated the performance of this system using a 55Fe source with phantom samples. We then applied it to investigate the movement of a 55Fe tracer in Japanese mustard spinach. We obtained X-ray images of the 55Fe tracer in the spinach samples, and found that 55Fe accumulated in the plant.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"29 1","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400099
K. Sera, S. Goto, C. Takahashi, Y. Saitoh, K. Kinoshita, M. Matsumasa
We developed and reported standard-free methods for various bio-samples in both invacuum and in-air PIXE and they have been applied to quantitative analyses of traces of bio-samples whose weights are less than 0.1 mg. In this study, we established a method of quantitative analysis for bio-samples of nearly 1 μg in in-vacuum PIXE. In order to improve sensitivity and accuracy of analysis for smaller samples on the basis of the standard-free method, which makes use of continuous X-rays emitted from the sample, it is essential to design appropriate backing materials for supporting the sample. In the present study, we have examined various backing materials such as thinner and threadlike backings. As a result, it was found that a thread-like backing made of extended adhesive, which contains almost no impurity, is the most suitable for bio-samples of extremely small quantities, since it produces no large amount of continuous X-rays. The method has been applied to quantitative analyses of small insects and plants. Moreover, the method was applied to analyses of small marine organisms such as opossum shrimps and squilla shrimps which play important roles in a food chain in marine ecosystem. The results gave us valuable information about regeneration of marine ecosystem in the Sanriku district attacked by the huge tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of small bio-samples of nearly 1 μg","authors":"K. Sera, S. Goto, C. Takahashi, Y. Saitoh, K. Kinoshita, M. Matsumasa","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400099","url":null,"abstract":"We developed and reported standard-free methods for various bio-samples in both invacuum and in-air PIXE and they have been applied to quantitative analyses of traces of bio-samples whose weights are less than 0.1 mg. In this study, we established a method of quantitative analysis for bio-samples of nearly 1 μg in in-vacuum PIXE. In order to improve sensitivity and accuracy of analysis for smaller samples on the basis of the standard-free method, which makes use of continuous X-rays emitted from the sample, it is essential to design appropriate backing materials for supporting the sample. In the present study, we have examined various backing materials such as thinner and threadlike backings. As a result, it was found that a thread-like backing made of extended adhesive, which contains almost no impurity, is the most suitable for bio-samples of extremely small quantities, since it produces no large amount of continuous X-rays. The method has been applied to quantitative analyses of small insects and plants. Moreover, the method was applied to analyses of small marine organisms such as opossum shrimps and squilla shrimps which play important roles in a food chain in marine ecosystem. The results gave us valuable information about regeneration of marine ecosystem in the Sanriku district attacked by the huge tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"10 1","pages":"161-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81556919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514500077
A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, Y. Kikuchi, K. Kusano, M. Karahashi, Y. Nozawa, S. Yamauchi, K. Kikuchi, S. Furumoto, Y. Funaki, N. Ito, S. Wada, K. Sera
The effects of the vascular disrupting agent AVE8062 on tumor and normal tissue samples were investigated by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis using quantum dots (QDs). We investigated fibrosarcoma tumors in mice, and used kidney tissue as a control. Non-targeted QDs were used to characterize the tissue regions where blood flow is interrupted by AVE8062. We found that the concentration of the QDs in the tumors and kidneys exposed to AVE8062 was lower than that of the control group. Sub-millimeter PIXE analysis (with a beam size of 0.5 × 0.5 mm2) was used to investigate the spatial distribution of QDs in the tissue samples. We found that the QDs were accumulated in localized regions of the kidney section of the AVE8062-treated group whereas the QDs were uniformly distributed in the control kidney. This suggests that AVE8062 caused blood flow interruption not only in the tumor samples but also in the normal blood vessels in the kidneys.
{"title":"Effects of a vascular disrupting agent for cancer treatment on normal tissue evaluated by PIXE analysis using quantum dots","authors":"A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, Y. Kikuchi, K. Kusano, M. Karahashi, Y. Nozawa, S. Yamauchi, K. Kikuchi, S. Furumoto, Y. Funaki, N. Ito, S. Wada, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500077","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the vascular disrupting agent AVE8062 on tumor and normal tissue samples were investigated by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis using quantum dots (QDs). We investigated fibrosarcoma tumors in mice, and used kidney tissue as a control. Non-targeted QDs were used to characterize the tissue regions where blood flow is interrupted by AVE8062. We found that the concentration of the QDs in the tumors and kidneys exposed to AVE8062 was lower than that of the control group. Sub-millimeter PIXE analysis (with a beam size of 0.5 × 0.5 mm2) was used to investigate the spatial distribution of QDs in the tissue samples. We found that the QDs were accumulated in localized regions of the kidney section of the AVE8062-treated group whereas the QDs were uniformly distributed in the control kidney. This suggests that AVE8062 caused blood flow interruption not only in the tumor samples but also in the normal blood vessels in the kidneys.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"64 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89130635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400129
A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, H. Hirakata, A. Fujita, K. Kikuchi, T. Matsuyama, S. Toyama, K. Watabe, S. Koshio, K. Nagakubo, T. Sakurada, K. Sera
The spatial distributions of potassium and rubidium in Lentinula edodes mushrooms contaminated with radioactive cesium were measured using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis by a beam scanning technique with a submillimeter sized proton beam to study relationships in elemental concentration in the mushrooms between radioactive cesium and other alkali elements. The results of PIXE analysis were compared with the spatial distribution of radioactive cesium in the samples measured by an autoradiographic method. Radioactive cesium was not uniformly distributed and strongly concentrated in the peripheral region of pileus of the mushroom while the elemental maps evaluated from PIXE analysis showed that potassium and rubidium are highly accumulated in the same area as radioactive cesium. The present results suggest a common mechanism of the accumulation of alkali elements including radioactive cesium in Lentinula edodes mushrooms.
{"title":"Accumulation and localization of alkali elements in Lentinula edodes studied by PIXE analysis","authors":"A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, H. Hirakata, A. Fujita, K. Kikuchi, T. Matsuyama, S. Toyama, K. Watabe, S. Koshio, K. Nagakubo, T. Sakurada, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400129","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial distributions of potassium and rubidium in Lentinula edodes mushrooms contaminated with radioactive cesium were measured using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis by a beam scanning technique with a submillimeter sized proton beam to study relationships in elemental concentration in the mushrooms between radioactive cesium and other alkali elements. The results of PIXE analysis were compared with the spatial distribution of radioactive cesium in the samples measured by an autoradiographic method. Radioactive cesium was not uniformly distributed and strongly concentrated in the peripheral region of pileus of the mushroom while the elemental maps evaluated from PIXE analysis showed that potassium and rubidium are highly accumulated in the same area as radioactive cesium. The present results suggest a common mechanism of the accumulation of alkali elements including radioactive cesium in Lentinula edodes mushrooms.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"27 1","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84841682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514500041
A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, T. Matsuyama, Takahiro Sato, K. Inano, K. Shigihara, Y. Saneshige, K. Sera
The concentrations of alkali elements in Japanese green tea leaves were evaluated using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis combined with an internal standard method to investigate the elution of radioactive cesium into green tea using potassium and rubidium. The concentrations of potassium and rubidium of used tea leaf samples were lower than those of unused samples, whereas no significant differences in the concentrations of the other elements were observed between them. In addition, we found a similarity in the relative concentrations between potassium and rubidium although the other elements showed different aspects. These results suggest that it is possible to investigate the elution of radioactive cesium into green tea using potassium and rubidium as substitutes of cesium.
{"title":"Concentrations of alkali elements in green tea leaves evaluated using PIXE analysis","authors":"A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, T. Matsuyama, Takahiro Sato, K. Inano, K. Shigihara, Y. Saneshige, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500041","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of alkali elements in Japanese green tea leaves were evaluated using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis combined with an internal standard method to investigate the elution of radioactive cesium into green tea using potassium and rubidium. The concentrations of potassium and rubidium of used tea leaf samples were lower than those of unused samples, whereas no significant differences in the concentrations of the other elements were observed between them. In addition, we found a similarity in the relative concentrations between potassium and rubidium although the other elements showed different aspects. These results suggest that it is possible to investigate the elution of radioactive cesium into green tea using potassium and rubidium as substitutes of cesium.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"23 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400051
S. Oshikawa, S. Itoh, S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, A. Terakawa, S. Koshio, K. Watanabe, S. Toyama, K. Kasahara, Chang-Jin Ma
In this paper, we developed a technique for analyzing individual PM2.5 particles using micro-PIXE. PM2.5, a designation for extremely small particulate matter (PM) in the air, has recently become the center of attention because high levels of PM2.5 were recorded in parts of western Japan, especially Fukuoka Prefecture, in January 2013. For a better understanding of their formation mechanism, analysis of individual particles is indispensable. We collected PM2.5 on a 4 μm thick Prolene foil using a multi-nozzle cascade impactor at Fukuoka Women’s University, Fukuoka, Japan. Its elemental analysis was carried out using a micro-PIXE system at Tohoku University. Although elemental concentration ratios of scanned areas were similar, those of individual particles were quite different from each other. Elemental concentration ratios for individual particles were categorized into five groups, indicating that the PM2.5 particles came from at least five different sources. Although elemental concentrations obtained by averaging over single particles formed in different processes will lose detailed information, we were able to derive comprehensive elemental compositions of individual PM2.5 particles using our novel technique. The individual particle analysis technique for PM2.5 will provide important information to identify pollution sources and particle formation mechanisms.
{"title":"Development of a method for analyzing the composition of ambient PM2.5 floating dust particles by micro-PIXE","authors":"S. Oshikawa, S. Itoh, S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, A. Terakawa, S. Koshio, K. Watanabe, S. Toyama, K. Kasahara, Chang-Jin Ma","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400051","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we developed a technique for analyzing individual PM2.5 particles using micro-PIXE. PM2.5, a designation for extremely small particulate matter (PM) in the air, has recently become the center of attention because high levels of PM2.5 were recorded in parts of western Japan, especially Fukuoka Prefecture, in January 2013. For a better understanding of their formation mechanism, analysis of individual particles is indispensable. We collected PM2.5 on a 4 μm thick Prolene foil using a multi-nozzle cascade impactor at Fukuoka Women’s University, Fukuoka, Japan. Its elemental analysis was carried out using a micro-PIXE system at Tohoku University. Although elemental concentration ratios of scanned areas were similar, those of individual particles were quite different from each other. Elemental concentration ratios for individual particles were categorized into five groups, indicating that the PM2.5 particles came from at least five different sources. Although elemental concentrations obtained by averaging over single particles formed in different processes will lose detailed information, we were able to derive comprehensive elemental compositions of individual PM2.5 particles using our novel technique. The individual particle analysis technique for PM2.5 will provide important information to identify pollution sources and particle formation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"75 1","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74556256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400075
S. Harada, S. Ehara, K. Ishii, Takahiro Sato, M. Koka, T. Kamiya, K. Sera, S. Goto
In this paper, we used microcapsules releasing liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (LPH-NP) with/without carboplatin in response to radiation to image and treat MM48 breast cancer in C3He/N mice in two radiation sessions. The micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) camera and quantitative PIXE were used to image and measure the release of nanoparticles from the microcapsules. In session one, iopamiron and computed tomography (CT)-detectable microcapsules containing P-selectin and LPH-NP were mixed with a solution of alginate, hyaluronate, ascorbate, and P-selectin. This solution was sprayed into an FeCl2 solution containing VEGFR-1/2 antibodies (Abs). The microcapsules obtained were injected intravenously into mice, and after 9 h, the mice were exposed to 10 or 20 Gy (140 keV) of X-ray radiation. Anti-VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2 microcapsules accumulated around tumors and released P-selectin and the iopamiron-labeled LPH-NP in response to the first radiation. The iopamiron-containing nanoparticles were detected by CT, allowing detection of MM48 tumors by CT. In the second session, the microcapsules released LPH-NH that delivered carboplatin into the tumor cells. This treatment had a significant antitumor effect (P<0.05). The micro-PIXE camera and quantitative PIXE successfully imaged and measured the release of contents from microcapsules. Our results indicate that targeted nanoparticles allow for accurate detection and treatment of tumors.
{"title":"Tumor CT imaging using targeted nanoparticle delivery for contrast enhancement and tumor inhibition using targeted release of carboplatin nanoparticles via radiotherapy","authors":"S. Harada, S. Ehara, K. Ishii, Takahiro Sato, M. Koka, T. Kamiya, K. Sera, S. Goto","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400075","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we used microcapsules releasing liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (LPH-NP) with/without carboplatin in response to radiation to image and treat MM48 breast cancer in C3He/N mice in two radiation sessions. The micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) camera and quantitative PIXE were used to image and measure the release of nanoparticles from the microcapsules. In session one, iopamiron and computed tomography (CT)-detectable microcapsules containing P-selectin and LPH-NP were mixed with a solution of alginate, hyaluronate, ascorbate, and P-selectin. This solution was sprayed into an FeCl2 solution containing VEGFR-1/2 antibodies (Abs). The microcapsules obtained were injected intravenously into mice, and after 9 h, the mice were exposed to 10 or 20 Gy (140 keV) of X-ray radiation. Anti-VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2 microcapsules accumulated around tumors and released P-selectin and the iopamiron-labeled LPH-NP in response to the first radiation. The iopamiron-containing nanoparticles were detected by CT, allowing detection of MM48 tumors by CT. In the second session, the microcapsules released LPH-NH that delivered carboplatin into the tumor cells. This treatment had a significant antitumor effect (P<0.05). The micro-PIXE camera and quantitative PIXE successfully imaged and measured the release of contents from microcapsules. Our results indicate that targeted nanoparticles allow for accurate detection and treatment of tumors.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"9 1","pages":"137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85768811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400142
K. Vogel-Mikuš, P. Pongrac, P. Pelicon
In order to maintain homeostasis and consequent optimal cell functioning and integrity and/or to avoid toxicity, proper allocation of elements at organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular level is needed. Studies of element localization are therefore crucial to reveal the mechanisms of element trafficking and also tolerance and toxicity. Moreover, studies of localization and speciation of trace elements in grains of staple crops are also of high applicative value, allowing one to determine major and trace element concentrations in different grain tissues without possible contamination. In the last decade, a remarkable progress has been made in the development and application of different 2D imaging techniques in complex biological systems, especially in the sense of improved lateral resolution and sensitivity. The superiority of micro-PIXE over other 2D imaging techniques lies in its wide elemental range (from sodium (Na) to uranium (U)), high elemental sensitivity below micron spatial resolution and fully quantitative element concentration analysis. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest development of micro-PIXE for imaging of the distribution of major and trace elements in crop plants with emphasis on sample preparation methodologies and post-imaging analysis. Case studies of element localization in the grains of major crop plants are also presented.
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