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1996 Proceedings 46th Electronic Components and Technology Conference最新文献

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Conductive polymer bump interconnects 导电聚合物凹凸互连
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.550813
Jong-Kai Lin, J. Drye, W. Lytle, T. Scharr, R. Subrahmanyan, Ranjan Sharma
Conductive polymer bonded flip chip interconnect systems can provide an attractive alternative flip chip technology in terms of cost and manufacturability. This work examines the feasibility of application of such a technology. A mathematical model for stencil printing of conductive adhesive paste is developed to demonstrate some of the factors affecting the print quality. Designed experiments is used to optimize bump dimensional uniformity. The electrical performance of conductive polymer flip chip interconnects is evaluated through both GaAs and Si devices. The microwave insertion loss (S/sub 21/) of a coplanar waveguide test vehicle showed a loss rate of 0.031 dB/GHz for non-underfilled flip chip assembly and 0.065 dB/GHz for those with underfill encapsulation. These S/sub 21/ data are almost identical to a device with same test structure and a Au ball bumped flip chip assembly. Additional test using a CT-2 antenna switch GaAs device flip chip bonded on a FR4 board showed an identical performance (up to 2 GHz frequency) to the same assembly using Au-Sn eutectic bumps. Reliability of conductive polymer bumps was evaluated using Si die flip chip bonded on FR4 substrates. Results showed no failures on temperature cycle, humidity, vibration, and mechanical shock tests. There were 8.6% failures on HAST and 6% failures on thermal shock tests on test conditions stated in the text.
导电聚合物键合倒装芯片互连系统在成本和可制造性方面提供了一种有吸引力的替代倒装芯片技术。这项工作考察了这种技术应用的可行性。建立了导电胶浆模板印刷的数学模型,分析了影响印刷质量的因素。采用设计实验优化凹凸尺寸均匀性。通过GaAs和Si器件对导电聚合物倒装芯片互连的电学性能进行了评价。共面波导测试车的微波插入损耗(S/sub 21/)显示,未填充倒装芯片的损耗率为0.031 dB/GHz,填充倒装芯片的损耗率为0.065 dB/GHz。这些S/sub 21/数据几乎与具有相同测试结构和Au球碰撞倒装芯片组件的设备相同。在FR4板上使用CT-2天线开关GaAs器件倒装芯片进行的额外测试显示,与使用Au-Sn共晶凸点的相同组件具有相同的性能(高达2 GHz频率)。利用硅晶片倒装芯片结合FR4衬底,对导电聚合物凸点的可靠性进行了评价。结果表明,温度循环、湿度、振动和机械冲击试验均无故障。在文中所述的测试条件下,在HAST测试中有8.6%的失败,在热冲击测试中有6%的失败。
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引用次数: 20
Accurate thermal impedance measurement for semiconductor lasers by the double modes of fiber grating lasers 利用光纤光栅激光器的双模精确测量半导体激光器热阻抗
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.517452
S. Huang
The thermal impedance is an important parameter for a semiconductor laser, especially for a pump laser diode where a high current is needed to drive the laser to achieve the required performance. A precise measurement of thermal impedance is needed to characterize the thermal effect on the laser and to diagnose the thermal path on the laser packaging. Traditional measurements for the thermal impedance involve pulsing or modulating the lasers. Here, for the first time we used a complete optical method without electrical pulsation or modulation. The double mode spectra of fiber grating lasers were used to measure the thermal impedance of a semiconductor laser with accuracy not obtainable by other methods.
热阻抗是半导体激光器的一个重要参数,特别是对于需要大电流驱动激光器以达到要求性能的泵浦激光器。为了表征激光的热效应和诊断激光封装的热路径,需要精确测量热阻抗。热阻抗的传统测量方法包括脉冲或调制激光。在这里,我们首次使用了一种完全的光学方法,没有电脉冲或调制。利用光纤光栅激光器的双模光谱测量半导体激光器的热阻抗,其精度是其他方法无法达到的。
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引用次数: 4
TBGA bond process for ground and power plane connections 用于接地和电源平面连接的TBGA键合工艺
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.517462
A. Domadia, D. Mendoza
The general construction of the TBGA developed at LSI Logic Corp. is discussed. Ground/power plane connections are typically provided in double metal tape for Tape Ball Grid Array (TBGA) by using plated vias for connections. A unique process which allows ground connections for TBGA package in assembly, rather than in tape is discussed. It further discusses a novel way to provide power plane connections also during assembly of a TBGA package, instead of providing it in the tape. Providing such interconnections in the assembly makes the product more cost effective and TBGA tape becomes more manufacturable. Both equipment and process for this unique "down bond" technique are discussed. Such an interconnection technique is currently being used in manufacturing at LSI Logic Corp.
讨论了由LSI Logic公司开发的TBGA的总体结构。接地/电源平面连接通常由双金属带提供,用于带球网格阵列(TBGA),使用镀孔进行连接。讨论了一种独特的工艺,可以使TBGA封装在组装中而不是在磁带中接地。它进一步讨论了在TBGA封装组装期间提供电源平面连接的新方法,而不是在磁带中提供。在组装中提供这种互连使产品更具成本效益,TBGA磁带变得更可制造。讨论了这种独特的“向下粘合”技术的设备和工艺。这种互连技术目前正在LSI Logic公司的制造中使用。
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引用次数: 1
Popcorning-a fracture mechanics approach 爆破——一种断裂力学方法
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.550510
A. Kuo, W.T. Chen, L. Nguyen, K. Chen, G. Slenski
Moisture-induced cracking during solder reflow is a critical reliability problem with plastic-encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs). Such cracking, referred to as "popcorning" occurs from the evaporation and expansion of moisture absorbed by the molding compound. This is the third in a series of papers from a DoD-funded project to provide an expert system for design of PEMs. This study is aimed at establishing a rule-based system to address reliability problems related to popcorning such as interfacial delamination, mold compound moisture sensitivity, and mold compound fracture toughness. This paper addresses the fracture mechanics aspects of popcoming, and more specifically, the propensity of some packages to popcorn than others. The physics of why a TSOP-32 lead package is more susceptible to moisture cracking than a PQFP-52 lead package of the same packaging materials is explained in this paper.
焊料回流过程中的湿裂是塑料封装微电路(PEMs)可靠性的关键问题。这种开裂,被称为“爆米花”发生从蒸发和膨胀的水分吸收的成型化合物。这是国防部资助的一个项目的系列论文中的第三篇,该项目为PEMs的设计提供了一个专家系统。本研究旨在建立一个基于规则的系统来解决与发泡相关的可靠性问题,如界面分层、模具复合水分敏感性和模具复合断裂韧性。本文从断裂力学的角度分析了回弹过程,更具体地说,分析了一些包的回弹倾向。本文解释了为什么TSOP-32引线封装比相同封装材料的PQFP-52引线封装更容易受到水分开裂的物理原因。
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引用次数: 12
Creep deformation of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder joints in a flip chip package 倒装芯片封装中96.5Sn-3.5Ag焊点的蠕变变形
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.550880
Hong Yang, P. Deane, P. Magill, K. Murty
As part of an investigation of using eutectic 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder for flip chip interconnection, this paper presents the results on mechanical characterization of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag eutectic solder and solder joints. Constant-load creep tests of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder alloy were performed at high homologous temperatures from 25/spl deg/C to 180/spl deg/C. Single lap shear tests were performed on joined flip chip packages with an area array of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder bumps-33/spl times/33 bumps per chip. Tensile creep tests were performed on bulk 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder specimens. The steady-state strain-rates span 7 orders of magnitude ranging from 10/sup -9/ to 10/sup -2/ (1/s). The apparent activation energy for creep was found to be 0.57 ev. The stress exponent in the power-law creep equation is /spl ap/10 which is unusually high compared to that of many other metals. The underlying controlling mechanisms is identified as low-temperature dislocation climb.
作为使用96.5Sn-3.5Ag共晶焊料进行倒装互连研究的一部分,本文介绍了96.5Sn-3.5Ag共晶焊料和焊点的力学特性。对96.5Sn-3.5Ag钎料合金在25 ~ 180℃的高温下进行了恒载蠕变试验。采用96.5Sn-3.5Ag焊料凸点面积阵列对连接的倒装芯片封装进行单搭接剪切试验,每个芯片33/spl次/33个凸点。对块状96.5Sn-3.5Ag焊料试样进行了拉伸蠕变试验。稳态应变速率范围为10/sup -9/至10/sup -2/ (1/s) 7个数量级。蠕变的表观活化能为0.57 ev。幂律蠕变方程中的应力指数为/spl / ap/10,与许多其他金属相比异常高。低温位错爬升是潜在的控制机制。
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引用次数: 29
Am extended eutectic solder bump for FCOB FCOB的扩展共晶焊点
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.551421
S. Greer
An evaporated, extended eutectic (E-3) bump structure has been defined. This positive standoff Pb/Sn solder bump builds on the evaporative structure used to produce C-4 interconnects but utilizes a thicker Sn cap to provide a low temperature, eutectic joining medium for flip chip on board (FCOB) applications. It has been shown that this new structure can be adapted to existing FCOB methodologies without altering the tools or processes being used today. By providing eutectic melting right on the bump itself, direct joining to organic assemblies is achieved without special processing at the board level. This leads directly to cost reductions and improved wirability at assembly. These options are illustrated. The characteristics of the bump have been evaluated and reliability data has demonstrated that this bump performs as well as or better than other solder interconnect structures. Extension of this joining technology to ceramics substrates has also been demonstrated.
定义了一种蒸发、扩展共晶(E-3)凹凸结构。这种正面的Pb/Sn凸点建立在用于生产C-4互连的蒸发结构上,但利用更厚的Sn帽为板上倒装芯片(FCOB)应用提供低温共晶连接介质。已经证明,这种新的结构可以适应现有的FCOB方法,而不改变目前使用的工具或过程。通过在凸块本身上提供共晶熔化,直接连接到有机组件而无需在板级进行特殊处理。这直接降低了成本,提高了装配时的可连接性。下面说明了这些选项。对凸点的特性进行了评估,可靠性数据表明,该凸点的性能与其他焊料互连结构一样好,甚至更好。将这种连接技术扩展到陶瓷基板上也得到了证明。
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引用次数: 11
Transient thermal modeling and characterization of a hybrid component 混合元件的瞬态热建模与表征
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.517388
F. Christiaens, E. Beyne
This paper deals with transient thermal modelling and characterisation of packaged semiconductor devices. The investigated semiconductor device is a hybrid thermal test structure consisting of a small thermal test chip bonded to a ceramic substrate. The dynamic thermal behaviour of this structure has been studied numerically and experimentally. Temperature step responses were calculated by means of finite element analysis. The impact of the die, die attach, and substrate material on the thermal impedance is presented. A compact model comprising lumped thermal resistances and capacitances is synthesised from the numerical step response data. In addition, thermal impedance measurements were performed on a hybrid thermal test vehicle. This study shows that transient thermal impedance measurements provide much more physical information about the internal heat flow path than steady-state thermal resistance measurements.
本文讨论了封装半导体器件的瞬态热建模和特性。所研究的半导体器件是一种混合热测试结构,由粘接在陶瓷衬底上的小热测试芯片组成。对该结构的动态热行为进行了数值和实验研究。采用有限元方法计算了温度阶跃响应。分析了模具、贴片和衬底材料对热阻抗的影响。由数值阶跃响应数据合成了一个包含集总热阻和集总热容的紧凑模型。此外,在混合热试验车上进行了热阻抗测量。该研究表明,瞬态热阻抗测量比稳态热阻测量提供了更多关于内部热流路径的物理信息。
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引用次数: 24
Field-based design of a new high pincount board connector for high data rate transmission 基于现场的高针数板连接器设计,用于高数据速率传输
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.517427
H. Katzier, B. Keller, P. Pagnin
We present the results of a field-based 3D time domain simulation of a new board connector. The connector is a high pincount SpeedPac(R) connector with four rows providing 136 high frequency twinax chambers per 100 mm. The results of the field simulation are the near- and far-end crosstalk, the reflection and transmission characteristics in the time and frequency domain. For the field simulation we use the program package MAFIA(R), which is based on the Finite-Integration-Technique (FIT). We also present results obtained from a reliable SPICE model of the SpeedPac(R) connector. By means of typical measurements and simulation results the reliability of the SPICE(R)-Model is demonstrated. All important electrical characteristics of the connector can be simulated by the SPICE(R)-Model. The comparison between the field simulation, the SPICE(R)-simulation and measurement is very good up to a limit of f=4 GHz and risetimes of tr>50 ps.
本文介绍了一种新型电路板连接器的现场三维时域仿真结果。该连接器是一个高针脚数SpeedPac(R)连接器,具有四排,每100毫米提供136个高频双腔。现场仿真的结果是近端和远端串扰,时域和频域的反射和传输特性。为了进行现场模拟,我们使用了基于有限集成技术(FIT)的程序包MAFIA(R)。我们还介绍了从SpeedPac(R)连接器的可靠SPICE模型获得的结果。通过典型测量和仿真结果,验证了SPICE(R)模型的可靠性。连接器的所有重要电气特性都可以通过SPICE(R)-Model进行模拟。现场仿真、SPICE(R)仿真与实测值的对比很好,达到了f= 4ghz和trbbb50ps的极限。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Au coating on joint strength in laser welding for Invar-Invar packages 金涂层对Invar-Invar封装激光焊接接头强度的影响
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.550759
S.C. Wang, C. Wang, Y. Tu, C. J. Hwang, S. Chi, W.H. Wang, Wei Cheng
The effect of Au coating on the joint strength, weld width, and penetration depth in laser welding technique for Invar-Invar packages is investigated experimentally. It is found that the joint strength, weld width, and penetration depth in the welded joints are strongly dependent on the Au thickness on the Invar material. The Invar-Invar joints with thick Au coating show narrower weld width, shallower penetration, and hence less joint strength than those of the package with thin Au coating. The increase in both the thermal conductivity and the vapor volume in the welded joints as the coating of Au thickness increases are the possible mechanisms for reduction of the weld width, penetration depth, and hence the joint strength. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this development of a new Invar-Invar package which combines the Au coating with laser welding technique has not been published yet.
实验研究了金涂层对Invar-Invar封装激光焊接工艺中接头强度、焊缝宽度和熔深的影响。结果表明,焊接接头的强度、焊缝宽度和焊深与Invar材料上的Au厚度密切相关。镀金较厚的Invar-Invar接头焊缝宽度较窄,焊深较浅,接头强度较薄。随着镀金厚度的增加,焊接接头的热导率和蒸汽体积的增加可能是焊缝宽度、焊深和接头强度减小的机制。据作者所知,这种结合了金涂层和激光焊接技术的新型Invar-Invar封装的开发尚未发表。
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引用次数: 10
Numerical investigation of radiated emissions mechanisms in single-chip packages 单芯片封装中辐射发射机制的数值研究
Pub Date : 1996-05-28 DOI: 10.1109/ECTC.1996.550515
G. Aguirre, A. Cangellaris, M. Pasik
Presents preliminary results for a new way of addressing radiated emissions from packaged electronic systems. We have validated the FDTD methodology for determining the peak radiation frequencies for a simple microstrip transmission line structure. Also, we have demonstrated the impact of placing ground pins between the signal and absolute ground planes on the radiation characteristics of a microstrip line capacitively coupled to an absolute ground. The placement and location of grounding pins is critical to the reduction of EMI.
提出了一种解决封装电子系统辐射发射的新方法的初步结果。我们已经验证了FDTD方法用于确定一个简单的微带传输线结构的峰值辐射频率。此外,我们还演示了在信号和绝对地平面之间放置接地引脚对电容耦合到绝对地的微带线的辐射特性的影响。接地引脚的放置和位置对降低电磁干扰至关重要。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
1996 Proceedings 46th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
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