Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i2a.149
Dr. Ashwin R Dangi, Dr. Jayant R Salvi
Background and Aim: it has been observed that low levels of the blood glucose do not cause health issues in the neonates. This is due to the fact that the neonates are adjusting to the life outside the uterus. Present study was carried out to study incidence and risk factors of hypoglycemia among neonates in semi urban areas. Material and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study performed at the Department of Pediatrics, Nootan general hospital NMCRC Visnagar, India January 2021 to June 2021. 150 neonates were included. Ballards score was used to divide them into four groups of gestational age. Standard glucometer was used to measure blood glucose in mothers and neonates. For mothers, it was measured at time of delivery. For neonates, it was measured at zero, three, six, twelve and twenty four hours of birth. Standard treatment protocol was followed for neonatal hypoglycemia Results: As the mother blood glucose increased the babies blood glucose decreased with r=-0.18 but this correlation was not found to be statistically significant ( p> 0.05). The differences in the blood glucose levels at different time points at different gestational ages were not found to be statistically significant. As maternal blood glucose increased, neonatal glucose decreased. Important risk factors found for hypoglycemia in neonates were being born by lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), low for gestational age (LGA) babies and small for gestational age (SGA) babies, pre-term and post term babies. But these risk factors were not found to be statistically significant ( p> 0.05). Conclusion: Hypoglycemia is surprisingly common among neonates in developing countries There was a wide variation of blood glucose levels in newborns. Preterm and post-term babies, babies delivered by LSCS, LGA and SGA babies were more prone for hypoglycemia requiring blood glucose monitoring.
{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of hypoglycemia among neonates: A prospective study","authors":"Dr. Ashwin R Dangi, Dr. Jayant R Salvi","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i2a.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i2a.149","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: it has been observed that low levels of the blood glucose do not cause health issues in the neonates. This is due to the fact that the neonates are adjusting to the life outside the uterus. Present study was carried out to study incidence and risk factors of hypoglycemia among neonates in semi urban areas. Material and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study performed at the Department of Pediatrics, Nootan general hospital NMCRC Visnagar, India January 2021 to June 2021. 150 neonates were included. Ballards score was used to divide them into four groups of gestational age. Standard glucometer was used to measure blood glucose in mothers and neonates. For mothers, it was measured at time of delivery. For neonates, it was measured at zero, three, six, twelve and twenty four hours of birth. Standard treatment protocol was followed for neonatal hypoglycemia Results: As the mother blood glucose increased the babies blood glucose decreased with r=-0.18 but this correlation was not found to be statistically significant ( p> 0.05). The differences in the blood glucose levels at different time points at different gestational ages were not found to be statistically significant. As maternal blood glucose increased, neonatal glucose decreased. Important risk factors found for hypoglycemia in neonates were being born by lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), low for gestational age (LGA) babies and small for gestational age (SGA) babies, pre-term and post term babies. But these risk factors were not found to be statistically significant ( p> 0.05). Conclusion: Hypoglycemia is surprisingly common among neonates in developing countries There was a wide variation of blood glucose levels in newborns. Preterm and post-term babies, babies delivered by LSCS, LGA and SGA babies were more prone for hypoglycemia requiring blood glucose monitoring.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130840131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i2a.148
Dr. Patel Riya Biponbhai, Dr. Pragya Khanna
Introduction: Major form in which iron is stored in the body is serum ferritin. It can detect early changes in body iron store. It causes little patient discomfort as compared to bone marrow iron studies. In this study, we used serum ferritin level to assess the level of iron storage in the children less than five years of age. Iron stores are depleted below this value. Materials & Methods: Sample size includes 100 children under the age of 5 years from the opd of the department. The blood was divided into two halves, one was sent for cbc evaluation and from other half the serum was separated through centrifugation for the estimation of serum ferritin level. Results: The range of the serum iron level in the study was 0.2 – 340 ng/ml. The mean serum iron level in the study was 51.8 ng/ml. Out of 100 patients, there were 76 patients with serum level less than 12 ng/ml; they were iron deficient. There were 20 children with iron deficiency in the infants group, there were 34 patients in toddlers group and there were 24 children in preschool group. Discussion & Conclusion: For the early detection of the status of the iron stores in the body is done by serum ferritin concentration. Iron deficiency anemia continues to be a significant public health problem in the world. Serum ferritin level is a good screening test for early detection of iron deficiency anemia in children less than 5 years of age. When it is used in assess with other test for iron status in body, it is considered as more specific indicator for the detection of the iron stores.
{"title":"Assessment of serum ferritn level in detection of iron deficiency anaemia in paediatric patients: Prospective analysis","authors":"Dr. Patel Riya Biponbhai, Dr. Pragya Khanna","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i2a.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i2a.148","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Major form in which iron is stored in the body is serum ferritin. It can detect early changes in body iron store. It causes little patient discomfort as compared to bone marrow iron studies. In this study, we used serum ferritin level to assess the level of iron storage in the children less than five years of age. Iron stores are depleted below this value. Materials & Methods: Sample size includes 100 children under the age of 5 years from the opd of the department. The blood was divided into two halves, one was sent for cbc evaluation and from other half the serum was separated through centrifugation for the estimation of serum ferritin level. Results: The range of the serum iron level in the study was 0.2 – 340 ng/ml. The mean serum iron level in the study was 51.8 ng/ml. Out of 100 patients, there were 76 patients with serum level less than 12 ng/ml; they were iron deficient. There were 20 children with iron deficiency in the infants group, there were 34 patients in toddlers group and there were 24 children in preschool group. Discussion & Conclusion: For the early detection of the status of the iron stores in the body is done by serum ferritin concentration. Iron deficiency anemia continues to be a significant public health problem in the world. Serum ferritin level is a good screening test for early detection of iron deficiency anemia in children less than 5 years of age. When it is used in assess with other test for iron status in body, it is considered as more specific indicator for the detection of the iron stores.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121302333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.141
Khizerulla Sharief, Venkatesh Ks, M. VeeralokanadhaReddy, B. Kiran
Pyuria is defined as more than 5WBCs/mm 3 of urine and if this definition is taken into consideration it correlates in 90% cases of UTI. However, pyuria may be masked in significant infections due to Proteus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas due to disintegration of White Blood Cells caused by alkaline condition produced by these urease positive organisms. Children were subjected to physical examination, blood pressure recording and urine was collected and further analyzed. All children were advised to collect mid stream clean catch urine sample under strict aseptic precautions. The collected urine samples were tested for protein, blood and bacteria by dipstick method and microscopy rapid screening test like griess nitrate test was done. 95% of the children had no RBCs in urine. 2.8% showed 1-5 RBCs/ HPF. Significant hematuria (> 5 RBCs/ HPF) was seen in 2.2% of children.
{"title":"Clinico-epidemiological profile of children with of asymptomatic phase of renal disease","authors":"Khizerulla Sharief, Venkatesh Ks, M. VeeralokanadhaReddy, B. Kiran","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.141","url":null,"abstract":"Pyuria is defined as more than 5WBCs/mm 3 of urine and if this definition is taken into consideration it correlates in 90% cases of UTI. However, pyuria may be masked in significant infections due to Proteus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas due to disintegration of White Blood Cells caused by alkaline condition produced by these urease positive organisms. Children were subjected to physical examination, blood pressure recording and urine was collected and further analyzed. All children were advised to collect mid stream clean catch urine sample under strict aseptic precautions. The collected urine samples were tested for protein, blood and bacteria by dipstick method and microscopy rapid screening test like griess nitrate test was done. 95% of the children had no RBCs in urine. 2.8% showed 1-5 RBCs/ HPF. Significant hematuria (> 5 RBCs/ HPF) was seen in 2.2% of children.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.140
Khizerulla Sharief, Venkatesh Ks, M. VeeralokanadhaReddy, B. Kiran
Routine use of diagnostic ultrasound in pregnancy has led to the detection of urologic abnormality in many fetuses. The most common abnormality detected is hydronephrosis caused by the P.U.J. obstruction followed by multicystic dysplastic kidney . Bilateral renal dysplasia or agenesis may be associate with oligohydramnios. However antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves may be missed unless a scan is undertaken late in pregnancy. A cross sectional study was conducted on 500 school going children of both sexes. An informed consent was obtained followed by a visit to the institution. Children were subjected to physical examination, blood pressure recording and urine was collected and further analyzed. Culture repeated on cases with significant have shown the growth of same organism in 7 cases. Thus asymptomatic bacteriuria was taken as 1.4%.E. coli (42.8%) was the most common isolated organism followed by Klebsiella (28.5%).
{"title":"Prevalence of asymptomatic phase of renal disease in slum school children","authors":"Khizerulla Sharief, Venkatesh Ks, M. VeeralokanadhaReddy, B. Kiran","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.140","url":null,"abstract":"Routine use of diagnostic ultrasound in pregnancy has led to the detection of urologic abnormality in many fetuses. The most common abnormality detected is hydronephrosis caused by the P.U.J. obstruction followed by multicystic dysplastic kidney . Bilateral renal dysplasia or agenesis may be associate with oligohydramnios. However antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves may be missed unless a scan is undertaken late in pregnancy. A cross sectional study was conducted on 500 school going children of both sexes. An informed consent was obtained followed by a visit to the institution. Children were subjected to physical examination, blood pressure recording and urine was collected and further analyzed. Culture repeated on cases with significant have shown the growth of same organism in 7 cases. Thus asymptomatic bacteriuria was taken as 1.4%.E. coli (42.8%) was the most common isolated organism followed by Klebsiella (28.5%).","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115019749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.V4.I1A.115
M. Gupta, Ankur Puri, R. Jindal
The nutrition status is always neglected issue of public health. The study was done to assess the nutritional status of children attending pediatric OPD at tertiary level hospital by anthropometric measurements and to know the health status of these children and their relation with nutritional status. The nutritional profile of children of age group 0-5 years attending Paediatric OPD was studied. Total 1000 under five children were equally divided into the age groups 0-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-3years, 3-4 years and 4-5 years. A total of 40.1%, 45.2%, 16.3% of children had underweight, stunted and wasting, respectively. Total malnutrition prevalence was 63.1%. As per MUAC, 48.9% children were having mild to moderate malnutrition whereas 1.8% children had severe malnutrition. Malnutrition was more prevalent in girls and in 1-5 years age group children and was found statistically significant. Reduction of malnutrition can be ensured by availability of supplementary feeds and immunization.
{"title":"Assessment of nutritional status of under five children attending outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in North India","authors":"M. Gupta, Ankur Puri, R. Jindal","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.V4.I1A.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.V4.I1A.115","url":null,"abstract":"The nutrition status is always neglected issue of public health. The study was done to assess the nutritional status of children attending pediatric OPD at tertiary level hospital by anthropometric measurements and to know the health status of these children and their relation with nutritional status. The nutritional profile of children of age group 0-5 years attending Paediatric OPD was studied. Total 1000 under five children were equally divided into the age groups 0-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-3years, 3-4 years and 4-5 years. A total of 40.1%, 45.2%, 16.3% of children had underweight, stunted and wasting, respectively. Total malnutrition prevalence was 63.1%. As per MUAC, 48.9% children were having mild to moderate malnutrition whereas 1.8% children had severe malnutrition. Malnutrition was more prevalent in girls and in 1-5 years age group children and was found statistically significant. Reduction of malnutrition can be ensured by availability of supplementary feeds and immunization.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126109147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.V4.I1A.114
Sirish Bhupathi, Manil Shah, Rinam Doshi
Introduction: Congenital malaria occurs through vertical transmission of parasites from mother during pregnancy/perinatally during labour. Presence of maternal antibody may delay symptoms upto 3-6 weeks after birth. Case Representation: A 21days neonate presented with not accepting feed, excessive crying, fever since 2days. On examination baby was pale, lethargic, febrile, hepatosplenomegaly+. Peripheral smear-rings & trophozoits of P. vivax , diagnosed as congenital malaria with neonatal sepsis. IV. Ceftriaxone, IV. Amikacin started. Chloroquine was given. Discussion: This case shows importance of considering congenital malaria as differential diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in neonates with history of malaria during pregnancy. Mechanisms for congenital transmission of malaria include maternal transfusion into fetal circulation at delivery/during pregnancy. Sometimes mother might had mild episode malarial during the 9 th month of pregnancy, resolved spontaneously, and remained undiagnosed. The time of onset of symptoms in congenital malaria can vary from immediately after birth to few weeks. The drug of choice for congenital malaria remains chloroquine.
{"title":"Congenital malaria due to Plasmodium vivax infection in a neonate","authors":"Sirish Bhupathi, Manil Shah, Rinam Doshi","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.V4.I1A.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.V4.I1A.114","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Congenital malaria occurs through vertical transmission of parasites from mother during pregnancy/perinatally during labour. Presence of maternal antibody may delay symptoms upto 3-6 weeks after birth. Case Representation: A 21days neonate presented with not accepting feed, excessive crying, fever since 2days. On examination baby was pale, lethargic, febrile, hepatosplenomegaly+. Peripheral smear-rings & trophozoits of P. vivax , diagnosed as congenital malaria with neonatal sepsis. IV. Ceftriaxone, IV. Amikacin started. Chloroquine was given. Discussion: This case shows importance of considering congenital malaria as differential diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in neonates with history of malaria during pregnancy. Mechanisms for congenital transmission of malaria include maternal transfusion into fetal circulation at delivery/during pregnancy. Sometimes mother might had mild episode malarial during the 9 th month of pregnancy, resolved spontaneously, and remained undiagnosed. The time of onset of symptoms in congenital malaria can vary from immediately after birth to few weeks. The drug of choice for congenital malaria remains chloroquine.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1b.132
K. Mendapara, A. Makwana
Background and Aim: ABO incompatibility is one of the most common cause of hemolytic disease of fetus and new born. Better understanding of the factors affecting its severity helps to optimise care. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the severity of HDN due ABO incompatibility in new-borns. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted in the NICU, department of Pediatrics, P.D.U Government Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot. The study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019; 50 new-borns with ABO incompatibility i.e., having blood group A or B born to mothers with blood group O, presenting with jaundice and or anemia were enrolled in the study. Various maternal and neonatal factors and their possible association in affecting the severity of HDN were studied . Results: In our study, 27 neonates (54%) were male and 23 neonates (46%) were female. Percentage of O-A and O-B incompatible neonates were 26 (52%) and 24 (48%) respectively. The various maternal and neonatal factors had no significant association in affecting the severity of the disease. The mean age of presentation was 3.74 ± 2.34 days. Jaundice was detected in the first 24 hours of life in 6% neonates. The mean initial indirect bilirubin was 19.77 ± 2.50, and initial hemoglobin was 14.41 ± 2.07. Ten neonates (20%) had anemia. Total of 15 neonates (30%) had evidence of hemolysis in the form of spherocytosis. Direct Coombs Test was positive in one case. The mean duration of phototherapy was 54.62 ± 5.79 hours. Three neonates (6%) required exchange transfusion and 4 neonates (8%) received IVIG. The mean duration of stay was 4.18 ± 1.04 days. Conclusion: Although none of the factors had a significant association in affecting the severity of HDN due to ABO incompatibility, we should remember that ABO incompatibility is not always a benign condition and should be considered even in those with a negative DCT. Early identification of high-risk neonates with ABO incompatibility and prompt diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Factors affecting the severity of hemolytic disease of the new-born due to ABO incompatibility","authors":"K. Mendapara, A. Makwana","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1b.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1b.132","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: ABO incompatibility is one of the most common cause of hemolytic disease of fetus and new born. Better understanding of the factors affecting its severity helps to optimise care. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the severity of HDN due ABO incompatibility in new-borns. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted in the NICU, department of Pediatrics, P.D.U Government Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot. The study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019; 50 new-borns with ABO incompatibility i.e., having blood group A or B born to mothers with blood group O, presenting with jaundice and or anemia were enrolled in the study. Various maternal and neonatal factors and their possible association in affecting the severity of HDN were studied . Results: In our study, 27 neonates (54%) were male and 23 neonates (46%) were female. Percentage of O-A and O-B incompatible neonates were 26 (52%) and 24 (48%) respectively. The various maternal and neonatal factors had no significant association in affecting the severity of the disease. The mean age of presentation was 3.74 ± 2.34 days. Jaundice was detected in the first 24 hours of life in 6% neonates. The mean initial indirect bilirubin was 19.77 ± 2.50, and initial hemoglobin was 14.41 ± 2.07. Ten neonates (20%) had anemia. Total of 15 neonates (30%) had evidence of hemolysis in the form of spherocytosis. Direct Coombs Test was positive in one case. The mean duration of phototherapy was 54.62 ± 5.79 hours. Three neonates (6%) required exchange transfusion and 4 neonates (8%) received IVIG. The mean duration of stay was 4.18 ± 1.04 days. Conclusion: Although none of the factors had a significant association in affecting the severity of HDN due to ABO incompatibility, we should remember that ABO incompatibility is not always a benign condition and should be considered even in those with a negative DCT. Early identification of high-risk neonates with ABO incompatibility and prompt diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117163676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.143
R. Singh, Umesh Kumar
Background: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection effectively prevents its progression and cures it. Persons aged 12 and older can safely and effectively take rifapentine and isoniazid for three months to treat latent tuberculosis infection. Published data for children is limited. Data on the 3-month weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3 HP) in children in India are currently unavailable.Objective: To compare the treatment completion rates and incidence rates of adverse drug reactions among childrens with TB undergoing the 9H and 3HP regimens. Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, multicentre randomised trial involving children with newly diagnosed TB. 263 participants were randomised into two groups to have 131 patients in the 3HP group and 132 to the 9H group. Primary endpoint was completion of the 270-day treatment within 12 months. Adverse drug reaction were analysed in both the groups. Results: Comparing the 9H group with the 3HP group, those who dropped out of the 9H group stopped participating more often. Reason for dropping out was consent withdrawal. Incidence of hepatotoxicity was lower in the 3HP group than in the 9H group. However, grade 2 and 3 ADR were more in the 3HP group. Conclusion: An increased completion rate was seen with the 3HP regimen compared with the 9H regimen, as well as better tolerance to adverse effects.
{"title":"Efficacy of Rifapentine plus isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculosis infection in children in India","authors":"R. Singh, Umesh Kumar","doi":"10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1c.143","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection effectively prevents its progression and cures it. Persons aged 12 and older can safely and effectively take rifapentine and isoniazid for three months to treat latent tuberculosis infection. Published data for children is limited. Data on the 3-month weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3 HP) in children in India are currently unavailable.Objective: To compare the treatment completion rates and incidence rates of adverse drug reactions among childrens with TB undergoing the 9H and 3HP regimens. Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, multicentre randomised trial involving children with newly diagnosed TB. 263 participants were randomised into two groups to have 131 patients in the 3HP group and 132 to the 9H group. Primary endpoint was completion of the 270-day treatment within 12 months. Adverse drug reaction were analysed in both the groups. Results: Comparing the 9H group with the 3HP group, those who dropped out of the 9H group stopped participating more often. Reason for dropping out was consent withdrawal. Incidence of hepatotoxicity was lower in the 3HP group than in the 9H group. However, grade 2 and 3 ADR were more in the 3HP group. Conclusion: An increased completion rate was seen with the 3HP regimen compared with the 9H regimen, as well as better tolerance to adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125962167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22271/27069567.2021.V3.I1C.116
Dr. Adrama
TMJ malfunction is quiet common in swimmers. This study is done to understand the prevalence of the disorders associated with swimming in paediatric age group. According to previous studies there is a high demand on neck rotation and upper limb activities for the propulsion of the body inside the water and which negative synchronized activities of jaw and mastication structure. There is no studies have been attempted to find out the prevalence of TMD among competitive swimmers through there is a greater demand on TMJ structure due to their swimming mechanics.
{"title":"Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Paediatric Age Group","authors":"Dr. Adrama","doi":"10.22271/27069567.2021.V3.I1C.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/27069567.2021.V3.I1C.116","url":null,"abstract":"TMJ malfunction is quiet common in swimmers. This study is done to understand the prevalence of the disorders associated with swimming in paediatric age group. According to previous studies there is a high demand on neck rotation and upper limb activities for the propulsion of the body inside the water and which negative synchronized activities of jaw and mastication structure. There is no studies have been attempted to find out the prevalence of TMD among competitive swimmers through there is a greater demand on TMJ structure due to their swimming mechanics.","PeriodicalId":144032,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131448423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26643685.2021.v4.i1b.136
K. Kumar, Rsv Srikrishna, I. Pavan, M. Surendranath, M. Nagaraju
Allergic diseases are developed through complex interaction between exposure to environmental substances and genetic susceptibility. The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased during last decade globally. The present cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the skin prick test reactivity in children with allergic diseases. A total of 400 children between age group 1-12 years were recruited. The Skin prick tests (SPT) using 14 standardized allergen extracts were conducted in the volar surface of forearm. Majority children had asthma (52.5%), followed by atopic dermatitis (22.75%) and allergic rhinitis (15.75%). Food habits triggering allergic conditions in 76% children, environmental factors in 4.75% children, pets in 8.25% and indoor conditions in 11% children. Skin prick test was positive to egg (13.5%), milk (22%), wheat (9.75%), apple (4.5%), cereals (6.5%), cat (18%), dog (6%), blatella (9.5%), aspergillus fumigatus (9.5%), fungi (12.75%), Dermatophytes farina (24.75%), Dermatophytes pteromyssinus (23.75%), Blomia tropicalis (9.5%) and Bermuda grass (13.75%). Determination of allergen sensitization patterns in children with atopic disease is crucial for selecting proper preventive and therapeutic strategies which helps to improve quality of life of in children.
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