Endophytes are a rich source of secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenolics, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi have potential as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anticancer agents, antidiabetic agents, hepatoprotectants, growth promoters, and immunomodulators. Recent studies have shown that endophytes are a valuable source of undiscovered biomolecules. As a result, endophytic isolates from medicinal plants can be used in the pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Ocimum species, for example, have several medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine. Fungal endophytes have a strong association with Ocimum plants. Previous research has shown that the fungal endophytes of Ocimum sanctum produce phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, and volatile compounds. Additionally, fungal endophytes have a direct impact on the medicinal value of the genus Ocimum. This review aimed to discuss the pharmacological properties and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the genus Ocimum.
{"title":"Pharmacological potential of fungal endophytes associated with the genus Ocimum L.","authors":"K. M, R. A. R","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1055749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1055749","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytes are a rich source of secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenolics, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi have potential as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anticancer agents, antidiabetic agents, hepatoprotectants, growth promoters, and immunomodulators. Recent studies have shown that endophytes are a valuable source of undiscovered biomolecules. As a result, endophytic isolates from medicinal plants can be used in the pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Ocimum species, for example, have several medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine. Fungal endophytes have a strong association with Ocimum plants. Previous research has shown that the fungal endophytes of Ocimum sanctum produce phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, and volatile compounds. Additionally, fungal endophytes have a direct impact on the medicinal value of the genus Ocimum. This review aimed to discuss the pharmacological properties and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the genus Ocimum.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46188613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gülşen Güçlü, M. İnanir, E. Uçar, Nuraniye Eruygur, M. Atas, T. Uskutoğlu, Belgin Çoşge Şenkal
Achillea biebersteinii and Anthemis tinctoria, which are widely distributed species of the Asteraceae family, are used in folk medicine in the form of herbal tea or extract in the treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical content, antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor activities and cytotoxic effects of 80% ethanol extract of these two species and make a comparative analysis. In accordance with the data obtained, the major component of A. biebersteinii was determined as Cyclododecane (14.47%), while that of A. tinctoria was determined as Phytol (23.15%). A. biebersteinii, which showed moderate activity in terms of antimicrobial activity, produced more active inhibition than A. tinctoria did. Both plants showed high levels of antioxidant activity. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents of A. tinctoria were higher than those of A. biebersteinii. It was determined that there was no significant activity when the extracts were compared with galanthamine, which is the reference drug in terms of enzyme inhibitory activity. When the in vitro anticancer activity of human breast cancer cell line was examined, it was determined that A. tinctoria had a cytotoxic effect at high concentrations (IC50;0.82mg/mL), and A. biebersteinii showed strong cytotoxicity at all concentrations (IC50;<0.0625mg/mL). These two plants of the same family were evaluated in terms of many different biological parameters and it was revealed that A. biebersteinii was more active than A. tinctoria. However, in vivo studies are needed to determine whether these plants can be used as phytotherapeutic agents.
阿基里斯(Achillea bibersteinii)和菊花(Anthemis tinctoria)是一种分布广泛的菊科植物,在民间医学中以凉茶或提取物的形式用于治疗许多疾病。研究两种植物80%乙醇提取物的化学成分、抑菌、抗氧化、酶抑制活性和细胞毒作用,并进行比较分析。根据得到的数据,鉴定出白刺的主要成分为环十二烷(14.47%),而黄刺的主要成分为叶绿醇(23.15%)。在抑菌活性方面,白僵菌表现出中等的抑菌活性,其抑菌活性高于黄僵菌。两种植物都显示出高水平的抗氧化活性。总酚和总黄酮含量均高于白刺。与对照药加兰他敏进行酶抑制活性比较,发现其提取物无明显活性。对人乳腺癌细胞系进行体外抗肿瘤活性检测,发现a . tinctoria在高浓度时具有细胞毒作用(IC50;0.82mg/mL), a . biebersteinii在所有浓度下均表现出较强的细胞毒作用(IC50;<0.0625mg/mL)。对这两种属同一科的植物进行了多种生物学指标的评价,结果表明,比伯斯坦a的活性高于黄纹a。然而,这些植物是否可以用作植物治疗剂还需要进行体内研究。
{"title":"Biological activities of different plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family","authors":"Gülşen Güçlü, M. İnanir, E. Uçar, Nuraniye Eruygur, M. Atas, T. Uskutoğlu, Belgin Çoşge Şenkal","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1107819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1107819","url":null,"abstract":"Achillea biebersteinii and Anthemis tinctoria, which are widely distributed species of the Asteraceae family, are used in folk medicine in the form of herbal tea or extract in the treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical content, antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor activities and cytotoxic effects of 80% ethanol extract of these two species and make a comparative analysis. In accordance with the data obtained, the major component of A. biebersteinii was determined as Cyclododecane (14.47%), while that of A. tinctoria was determined as Phytol (23.15%). A. biebersteinii, which showed moderate activity in terms of antimicrobial activity, produced more active inhibition than A. tinctoria did. Both plants showed high levels of antioxidant activity. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents of A. tinctoria were higher than those of A. biebersteinii. It was determined that there was no significant activity when the extracts were compared with galanthamine, which is the reference drug in terms of enzyme inhibitory activity. When the in vitro anticancer activity of human breast cancer cell line was examined, it was determined that A. tinctoria had a cytotoxic effect at high concentrations (IC50;0.82mg/mL), and A. biebersteinii showed strong cytotoxicity at all concentrations (IC50;<0.0625mg/mL). These two plants of the same family were evaluated in terms of many different biological parameters and it was revealed that A. biebersteinii was more active than A. tinctoria. However, in vivo studies are needed to determine whether these plants can be used as phytotherapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47388412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oil of Opoponax (Commiphora erythraea) was extracted by means of steam distillation and supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) extraction. Experiments were performed using a Clevenger-type apparatus. On the other hand, SFE-CO2 runs were carried out using OCOLABS extraction unit at the operating conditions of 150, 200, and 250 bars and within temperature range from 50 to 65 °C. Other extraction parameters such as particle size and extraction period were also investigated in order to validate their effect on the processes and the oil yield. The extraction yields were almost similar (2.46%) for the optimized SFE-CO2 at 250 bar, 65 oC, and 2 hr, and 2.45% for the steam distillation. Our findings confirmed that the grinding of the material (particle size), pressure, and temperature had an important effect on the SFE-CO2 extraction process. GC/MS analyses revealed that major compounds, namely α-santalene, α and β-bisabolone, and trans-alpha-bergamotene were of similar quantities except for ocimene. α-Santalene concentration was 7.15% for steam distillation and 15.32% for SFE-CO2 at the abovementioned conditions.
{"title":"Optimization of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of Opoponax essential oil (C. erythraea)","authors":"F. Durak, Aydın Aydin, M. Sökmen","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1093888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1093888","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil of Opoponax (Commiphora erythraea) was extracted by means of steam distillation and supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) extraction. Experiments were performed using a Clevenger-type apparatus. On the other hand, SFE-CO2 runs were carried out using OCOLABS extraction unit at the operating conditions of 150, 200, and 250 bars and within temperature range from 50 to 65 °C. Other extraction parameters such as particle size and extraction period were also investigated in order to validate their effect on the processes and the oil yield. The extraction yields were almost similar (2.46%) for the optimized SFE-CO2 at 250 bar, 65 oC, and 2 hr, and 2.45% for the steam distillation. Our findings confirmed that the grinding of the material (particle size), pressure, and temperature had an important effect on the SFE-CO2 extraction process. GC/MS analyses revealed that major compounds, namely α-santalene, α and β-bisabolone, and trans-alpha-bergamotene were of similar quantities except for ocimene. α-Santalene concentration was 7.15% for steam distillation and 15.32% for SFE-CO2 at the abovementioned conditions.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42733105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rumex abyssinicus is a valuable medicinal plant species that is native to tropical Africa. Traditionally, R. abyssinicus is used to treat different disease such as, liver diseases, hepatitis, malaria, scabies, blood pressure, jaundice, wound and pneumonia. The purpose of the current study was to review the literature on the ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constitutes and biological activities of R. abyssinicus in an attempt to create information for future studies aimed towards exploring the therapeutic ability of the species. A scientific search engines, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of knowledge for the search terms: Rumex abyssinicus, ethnomedicinal studies, phytochemical investigations, and pharmacological activities were undertaken. The search strategy included all articles with descriptors that were available until December 30, 2021. Only published works in English have been used on this study. The data was collected using textual descriptions of the studies, tabulation, grouping, and figures. The principal phytochemicals of R. abyssinicus are anthraquinones, flavonoids, terepenoids and phenolic compounds. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the crude extracts and compounds of R. abyssinicus showed antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, wound healing, antialzeimer’s and hepatoprotective activities of it. R. abyssinicus afforded drug leads such as helminthosporin (4) with anti-alzheimer and physicon (3) with antifungal and antioxidant activity. R. abyssinicus have traditionally been used to cure a variety of diseases. Pharmacological actions of phytochemicals were shown to be promising. Despite this, further studies on crude extracts and promising compounds are needed to find new drug candidates.
深海酸模是原产于热带非洲的一种珍贵的药用植物。传统上,黄檗用于治疗各种疾病,如肝病、肝炎、疟疾、疥疮、血压、黄疸、伤口和肺炎。本研究的目的是回顾关于深海R.abyssinicus的民族药用、化学成分和生物活性的文献,试图为未来旨在探索该物种治疗能力的研究创造信息。进行了一个科学搜索引擎,即谷歌学者、PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct和Web of knowledge的搜索词:深海酸模、民族医学研究、植物化学调查和药理学活动。搜索策略包括截至2021年12月30日可用的所有带有描述符的文章。本研究仅使用了已发表的英文著作。数据是使用研究的文本描述、表格、分组和数字收集的。黄杨的主要植物化学成分为蒽醌类、黄酮类、萜类和酚类化合物。通过对深海钩藤粗提物和化合物的体外和体内研究,发现深海钩藤具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎、抗真菌、伤口愈合、抗玉米醇溶蛋白和保肝作用,并为其提供了抗阿尔茨海默病的蠕虫蛋白(4)和抗真菌、抗氧化的物理蛋白(3)等药物先导。深海R.abyssinicus传统上被用于治疗各种疾病。植物化学物质的药理作用被证明是有前景的。尽管如此,仍需要对粗提取物和有前景的化合物进行进一步研究,以寻找新的候选药物。
{"title":"Medicinal uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Rumex abyssinicus: A Comprehensive review","authors":"Gashaw Nigussie, M. Tola, Tiruwork Fanta","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1095643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1095643","url":null,"abstract":"Rumex abyssinicus is a valuable medicinal plant species that is native to tropical Africa. Traditionally, R. abyssinicus is used to treat different disease such as, liver diseases, hepatitis, malaria, scabies, blood pressure, jaundice, wound and pneumonia. The purpose of the current study was to review the literature on the ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constitutes and biological activities of R. abyssinicus in an attempt to create information for future studies aimed towards exploring the therapeutic ability of the species. A scientific search engines, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of knowledge for the search terms: Rumex abyssinicus, ethnomedicinal studies, phytochemical investigations, and pharmacological activities were undertaken. The search strategy included all articles with descriptors that were available until December 30, 2021. Only published works in English have been used on this study. The data was collected using textual descriptions of the studies, tabulation, grouping, and figures. The principal phytochemicals of R. abyssinicus are anthraquinones, flavonoids, terepenoids and phenolic compounds. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the crude extracts and compounds of R. abyssinicus showed antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, wound healing, antialzeimer’s and hepatoprotective activities of it. R. abyssinicus afforded drug leads such as helminthosporin (4) with anti-alzheimer and physicon (3) with antifungal and antioxidant activity. R. abyssinicus have traditionally been used to cure a variety of diseases. Pharmacological actions of phytochemicals were shown to be promising. Despite this, further studies on crude extracts and promising compounds are needed to find new drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48851893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sazgar Hassan Babakr, Emre Erez, Muzaffer Mükemre, Abdullah Dalar
The present study focused on chemical composition and base therapeutic potential of common Scorzonera species (Scorzonera mollis, Scorzonera papposa, and Scorzonera semicana), which have been utilized as food and medicine by local people of Eastern Anatolia for a long time. Comparative analytical studies were performed on ethanol-based extracts and traditional preparations (infusions) through chromatographic (HPLC-MS/MS) and reagent-based antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. Results revelated that extracts were rich in phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids that were confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS, chlorogenic acids and luteolin are the major phytochemical compounds of extracts. With regards to biological activities findings, it was determined that ethanol-based extracts showed better antioxidant activities and effectively suppressed the activities of α-glucosidase. In addition, both of the extracts were found as strong suppressive agents of pancreatic lipase activity so Scorzonera species were rich sources of bioactive compounds that able to deactivate reactive oxygen species and free radicals and as well as suppress the activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Finally, obtained findings reveal base data of Scorzonera species for researches that focused on novel candidates of nutraceuticals and biotherapeutics.
{"title":"The phenolic profile and biological activities of common Scorzonera species from Eastern Anatolia","authors":"Sazgar Hassan Babakr, Emre Erez, Muzaffer Mükemre, Abdullah Dalar","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1084743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1084743","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused on chemical composition and base therapeutic potential of common Scorzonera species (Scorzonera mollis, Scorzonera papposa, and Scorzonera semicana), which have been utilized as food and medicine by local people of Eastern Anatolia for a long time. Comparative analytical studies were performed on ethanol-based extracts and traditional preparations (infusions) through chromatographic (HPLC-MS/MS) and reagent-based antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. \u0000Results revelated that extracts were rich in phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids that were confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS, chlorogenic acids and luteolin are the major phytochemical compounds of extracts. With regards to biological activities findings, it was determined that ethanol-based extracts showed better antioxidant activities and effectively suppressed the activities of α-glucosidase. In addition, both of the extracts were found as strong suppressive agents of pancreatic lipase activity so Scorzonera species were rich sources of bioactive compounds that able to deactivate reactive oxygen species and free radicals and as well as suppress the activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Finally, obtained findings reveal base data of Scorzonera species for researches that focused on novel candidates of nutraceuticals and biotherapeutics.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47248317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As heavy metals and the heavy metal accumulation levels of these plants were determined in Betula pendula and Populus tremula trees, which are the characteristic trees of Nemrut Crater Lake, the second largest crater lake in the world, and the soil samples surrounding them. Heavy metals are considered to be one of the most dangerous and priority pollutants due to their high persistence and toxicity to plant and animal life in the environment. For this reason, the results obtained will contribute to the studies carried out to determine the uptake of heavy metal pollutants in the environment and the self-healing effort of the polluted environments by applying the phytoremediation method.
{"title":"Determination of heavy metal concentrations and soil samples of Betula pendula and Populus tremula in Nemrut Crater Lake","authors":"Ş. Hayta, E. Firat","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1082781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1082781","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As heavy metals and the heavy metal accumulation levels of these plants were determined in Betula pendula and Populus tremula trees, which are the characteristic trees of Nemrut Crater Lake, the second largest crater lake in the world, and the soil samples surrounding them. Heavy metals are considered to be one of the most dangerous and priority pollutants due to their high persistence and toxicity to plant and animal life in the environment. For this reason, the results obtained will contribute to the studies carried out to determine the uptake of heavy metal pollutants in the environment and the self-healing effort of the polluted environments by applying the phytoremediation method.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44555954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corn tassel (Zea may L.) is rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids and anthocyanins. The aim of this study is to consider the results of the contents of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), flavonol (TF), anthocyanins (TAC), alfa-amylase inhibitory activity, and antioxidant activity including FRAP and metal chelating capabilities (MCC) as potential Antiviral and anti-Rheumatoid arthritis. Significantly high levels of antioxidant capacity, total flavonol and alfa-amylase inhibition were found in ethanolic extracts of corn tassels. It was found that their concentrations are TPC= 40 mg GA/g, TFC= 13 mg QE/g, TF= 45 mg R/g, and TAC= 8 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g based on dry extract. Additionally, the extracts showed relatively higher antioxidant activities due to metal chelating capabilities (MCC) were found to be 217 mg Fe2+/g dry extract. From the GC-MS analysis, corn tassel was found to be good source of arctigenin that has antiviral and anti- rheumatic properties. Further, the extracts of corn tassels showed significantly higher α-amylase inhibitory activity up to 90 %. Thus, it was concluded that extracts of corn tassels may be considered as pharmacological potential in rheumatoid and antiviral treatment.
玉米穗(Zea may L.)富含酚类化合物,包括黄酮类化合物和花青素。本研究的目的是考虑酚类物质(TPC)、类黄酮(TFC)、黄酮醇(TF)、花青素(TAC)、α-淀粉酶抑制活性和抗氧化活性(包括FRAP和金属螯合能力(MCC))的含量作为潜在的抗病毒和抗类风湿性关节炎的结果。玉米穗乙醇提取物具有显著的抗氧化能力、总黄酮醇和α-淀粉酶抑制作用。研究发现,基于干提取物,它们的浓度为TPC=40mg GA/g、TFC=13mg QE/g、TF=45mg R/g和TAC=8mg矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷/g。此外,由于金属螯合能力(MCC)为217mg Fe2+/g干提取物,提取物显示出相对较高的抗氧化活性。通过气相色谱-质谱分析,玉米穗被发现是牛蒡苷的良好来源,具有抗病毒和抗风湿的特性。此外,玉米穗提取物显示出显著更高的α-淀粉酶抑制活性,最高可达90%。因此,可以认为玉米穗提取物具有治疗类风湿性关节炎和抗病毒的药理潜力。
{"title":"Medical physiological perspective to biochemical assays and GC-MS results of corn tassel","authors":"Burak Yaman","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1148489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1148489","url":null,"abstract":"Corn tassel (Zea may L.) is rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids and anthocyanins. The aim of this study is to consider the results of the contents of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), flavonol (TF), anthocyanins (TAC), alfa-amylase inhibitory activity, and antioxidant activity including FRAP and metal chelating capabilities (MCC) as potential Antiviral and anti-Rheumatoid arthritis. Significantly high levels of antioxidant capacity, total flavonol and alfa-amylase inhibition were found in ethanolic extracts of corn tassels. It was found that their concentrations are TPC= 40 mg GA/g, TFC= 13 mg QE/g, TF= 45 mg R/g, and TAC= 8 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g based on dry extract. Additionally, the extracts showed relatively higher antioxidant activities due to metal chelating capabilities (MCC) were found to be 217 mg Fe2+/g dry extract. From the GC-MS analysis, corn tassel was found to be good source of arctigenin that has antiviral and anti- rheumatic properties. Further, the extracts of corn tassels showed significantly higher α-amylase inhibitory activity up to 90 %. Thus, it was concluded that extracts of corn tassels may be considered as pharmacological potential in rheumatoid and antiviral treatment.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42496321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract obtained from flower, leaf and root sections of endemic Adonis paryadrica (Boiss.) Kandemir & Aytaç stat. nova. naturally growing in the Turkish flora. The most efficient total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were obtained from leaf extract at 21.24 mg GAEs (gallic acid equivalent)/g dw and 54.97 mg REs (rutin equivalent)/g dw, respectively. Among the three different sections of this plant, leaf extracts showed the highest Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Power (CUPRAC) effect with 80.28 µmol TEs (trolox equivalent)/g dw. From the three different sections, the methanol extract of the leaf parts demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with a 16.1 mm zone diameter. These valuable and current findings from these precious plants, which constitute natural resources in terms of biodiversity, contribute innovative information to the literature on endemic plant species.
{"title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts from Adonis paryadrica (Asteraceae) – a critically endangered endemic species growing in the Turkish flora","authors":"Mustafa Cüce","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1071234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1071234","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract obtained from flower, leaf and root sections of endemic Adonis paryadrica (Boiss.) Kandemir & Aytaç stat. nova. naturally growing in the Turkish flora. The most efficient total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were obtained from leaf extract at 21.24 mg GAEs (gallic acid equivalent)/g dw and 54.97 mg REs (rutin equivalent)/g dw, respectively. Among the three different sections of this plant, leaf extracts showed the highest Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Power (CUPRAC) effect with 80.28 µmol TEs (trolox equivalent)/g dw. From the three different sections, the methanol extract of the leaf parts demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with a 16.1 mm zone diameter. These valuable and current findings from these precious plants, which constitute natural resources in terms of biodiversity, contribute innovative information to the literature on endemic plant species.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Getachew Tegegn, Y. Melaku, Milkyas ENDALE ANNİSA, R. Eswaramoorthy
Crinum abyssinicum and Calotropis procera were traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis B, skin infection, anticancer, asthma, fever, and diarrhea. The structures of the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135 spectra. Compounds 1-3 were reported herein for the first time from the species of C. abyssinicum. The DCM/MeOH (1:1) and MeOH roots extracts of C. abyssinicum showed significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with a mean inhibition zone of 16.67 ± 1.20 and 16.33 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. Compounds 4 and 5 showed promising activity against E. coli with a mean inhibition zone of 17.7 0.8 and 17.7 1.2 mm, respectively. The results of DPPH activity showed the DCM: MeOH (1:1) and MeOH roots extracts of C. abyssinicum inhibited the DPPH radical by 52.86 0.24 % and 45.6 0.11 %, respectively, whereas compound 5 displayed 85.7 % of inhibition. The drug-likeness analysis showed that compounds 2-4 satisfy Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations. Compounds 2, and 6 showed binding affinities of −6.0, and −6.7 kcal/mol against E. coli DNA gyrase B, respectively, while 3 and 5 showed −5.0 and −5.0 kcal/mol, respectively against human peroxiredoxin 5. Therefore, the in vitro antibacterial, radical scavenging activity along with the molecular docking analysis suggest the potential use of the extracts of C. abyssinicum and compounds 2, 5, 6, and 3, 5 can be considered as promising antibacterial agents and free radical scavengers, respectively.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites from the roots extracts of Crinum abyssinicum and Calotropis procera and in silico molecular docking study","authors":"Getachew Tegegn, Y. Melaku, Milkyas ENDALE ANNİSA, R. Eswaramoorthy","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1107685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1107685","url":null,"abstract":"Crinum abyssinicum and Calotropis procera were traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis B, skin infection, anticancer, asthma, fever, and diarrhea. The structures of the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135 spectra. Compounds 1-3 were reported herein for the first time from the species of C. abyssinicum. The DCM/MeOH (1:1) and MeOH roots extracts of C. abyssinicum showed significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with a mean inhibition zone of 16.67 ± 1.20 and 16.33 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. Compounds 4 and 5 showed promising activity against E. coli with a mean inhibition zone of 17.7 0.8 and 17.7 1.2 mm, respectively. The results of DPPH activity showed the DCM: MeOH (1:1) and MeOH roots extracts of C. abyssinicum inhibited the DPPH radical by 52.86 0.24 % and 45.6 0.11 %, respectively, whereas compound 5 displayed 85.7 % of inhibition. The drug-likeness analysis showed that compounds 2-4 satisfy Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations. Compounds 2, and 6 showed binding affinities of −6.0, and −6.7 kcal/mol against E. coli DNA gyrase B, respectively, while 3 and 5 showed −5.0 and −5.0 kcal/mol, respectively against human peroxiredoxin 5. Therefore, the in vitro antibacterial, radical scavenging activity along with the molecular docking analysis suggest the potential use of the extracts of C. abyssinicum and compounds 2, 5, 6, and 3, 5 can be considered as promising antibacterial agents and free radical scavengers, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44851267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microalgae have many biotechnological applications in various industries including food and feed, fertilizer, biofuel, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and wastewater treatment. Since hey produce secondary metabolites under stress conditions such as pigments, carotenoids, hydrocarbons, and vitamins, investigating the effects of stress factors on growth parameters and biochemical composition of microalgal biomass is needed in producing bioproducts. In this paper, the combined effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and the protein/amino acid and Lipid-FAMEs profiles of microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus (MAKUMACC-037) were investigated. Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency reduced the algal growth. Biochemical composition was changed in a nitrogen and phosphorus dependent manner. High concentration of protein and lipid were associated with increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentration However, the FAMEs profiles were changed depending on only the nitrogen concentration.
{"title":"Combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and biochemical composition of Tetradesmus obliquus (Turpin) M.J. Wynne","authors":"F. Akgül, R. Akgül","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1102592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1102592","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have many biotechnological applications in various industries including food and feed, fertilizer, biofuel, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and wastewater treatment. Since hey produce secondary metabolites under stress conditions such as pigments, carotenoids, hydrocarbons, and vitamins, investigating the effects of stress factors on growth parameters and biochemical composition of microalgal biomass is needed in producing bioproducts. \u0000In this paper, the combined effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and the protein/amino acid and Lipid-FAMEs profiles of microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus (MAKUMACC-037) were investigated. \u0000Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency reduced the algal growth. Biochemical composition was changed in a nitrogen and phosphorus dependent manner. \u0000High concentration of protein and lipid were associated with increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentration However, the FAMEs profiles were changed depending on only the nitrogen concentration.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45427345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}