Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012030
Matthew I Hollister, Ram C Dhuley, Christopher James, Grzegorz L Tatkowski
As part of the efforts of the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems National Quantum Center at Fermilab, we will construct a large millikelvin refrigeration platform known as Colossus. The Colossus platform will be used for quantum computing applications, along with physics and sensing experiments. At the preceding CEC/ICMC meeting in 2021, we reported on the conceptual design of the platform. In the intervening time, the design of the system has been completed and passed through review, with construction now underway. This paper provides an update on the overall design of the system, and the status of and timeline for construction.
{"title":"An update on the Colossus mK platform at Fermilab","authors":"Matthew I Hollister, Ram C Dhuley, Christopher James, Grzegorz L Tatkowski","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012030","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the efforts of the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems National Quantum Center at Fermilab, we will construct a large millikelvin refrigeration platform known as Colossus. The Colossus platform will be used for quantum computing applications, along with physics and sensing experiments. At the preceding CEC/ICMC meeting in 2021, we reported on the conceptual design of the platform. In the intervening time, the design of the system has been completed and passed through review, with construction now underway. This paper provides an update on the overall design of the system, and the status of and timeline for construction.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012161
Y Guo, M Majoros, C G Cantemir, J Kwon, C Kovacs, M Rindfleisch, M Tomsic, D Doll, M Sumption, E W Collings
An important goal to enable widespread adoption of electric aircraft propulsion is to develop higher power density motors and generators which are at the same time highly efficient. One way to do this is to use conductors that can carry higher currents and/or generate lower losses. One approach to this is the use of superconducting windings. However, here we focus on very low resistance normal state conductors operating at cryogenic temperatures. The resistivity of both aluminum and copper drops quickly with decreasing temperature, such that the resistivity of Cu drops by about a factor of 7, and that of aluminum by 10, by the time we reach 77 K (LN2). OSU and Hyper Tech have teamed to develop a motor with liquid cryogen cooled aluminum windings (LN2 or LNG cooled). It includes a multi-slot stator with direct cryogen cooling. Here we present the results of a simple “single slot” test which explores the temperature rise of a pair of conductors in a slot directly cooled by LN2. These two aluminum bars are made of 1100 commercial purity Al alloy were placed in parallel with a 1.6 mm gap, which behaved as 120 mm long cryogenic flow channel. Current densities up to 75 A/mm2 were explored, with LN2 flow rates ranging from 1.9 g/s to 6.4 g/s. Thermocouples and voltage taps were used to capture temperature and voltage data during the experiment. As a result, we found stable cooling and operation at these flow rates and current densities, and we characterized the temperature gradient which developed along the conductor bars.
{"title":"Experimental study of two-phase cryogenic cooling of aluminum stator conductors using a single slot test configuration","authors":"Y Guo, M Majoros, C G Cantemir, J Kwon, C Kovacs, M Rindfleisch, M Tomsic, D Doll, M Sumption, E W Collings","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012161","url":null,"abstract":"An important goal to enable widespread adoption of electric aircraft propulsion is to develop higher power density motors and generators which are at the same time highly efficient. One way to do this is to use conductors that can carry higher currents and/or generate lower losses. One approach to this is the use of superconducting windings. However, here we focus on very low resistance normal state conductors operating at cryogenic temperatures. The resistivity of both aluminum and copper drops quickly with decreasing temperature, such that the resistivity of Cu drops by about a factor of 7, and that of aluminum by 10, by the time we reach 77 K (LN2). OSU and Hyper Tech have teamed to develop a motor with liquid cryogen cooled aluminum windings (LN2 or LNG cooled). It includes a multi-slot stator with direct cryogen cooling. Here we present the results of a simple “single slot” test which explores the temperature rise of a pair of conductors in a slot directly cooled by LN2. These two aluminum bars are made of 1100 commercial purity Al alloy were placed in parallel with a 1.6 mm gap, which behaved as 120 mm long cryogenic flow channel. Current densities up to 75 A/mm<sup>2</sup> were explored, with LN2 flow rates ranging from 1.9 g/s to 6.4 g/s. Thermocouples and voltage taps were used to capture temperature and voltage data during the experiment. As a result, we found stable cooling and operation at these flow rates and current densities, and we characterized the temperature gradient which developed along the conductor bars.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012170
B Hamilton, J L Adams, J G Brisson
The temperature coefficient of resistivity is a critical element of many AC-based hot-wire measurements of thermal properties. At cryogenic temperatures, most metallic materials suitable for wire and film-based forms have either a temperature coefficient or absolute resistivity that is too small to enable practical, accurate measurements. Invar (36Ni 64Fe) controlled thermal expansion alloy has a significant temperature coefficient of resistance while also maintaining significant absolute resistivity at cryogenic temperatures, and so has seen some use in low temperature 3-omega measurements. Prior data on the temperature coefficient of resistivity of Invar is limited and the uncertainty is high. In this work, we present high-accuracy resistance and temperature coefficient data for this material from 5-300 K.
电阻率的温度系数是许多交流热线热特性测量的关键因素。在低温条件下，大多数适用于导线和薄膜形式的金属材料的温度系数或绝对电阻率都太小，无法进行实际的精确测量。英卡尔（36镍 64铁）受控热膨胀合金具有很大的电阻温度系数，同时在低温下也能保持很大的绝对电阻率，因此在低温 3-omega 测量中得到了一定的应用。之前有关因瓦电阻率温度系数的数据很有限，而且不确定性很高。在这项工作中，我们展示了这种材料在 5-300 K 范围内的高精度电阻和温度系数数据。
{"title":"High Accuracy Resisitivity and Temperature Coefficient Measurements of Invar Wire from 5K to 300K","authors":"B Hamilton, J L Adams, J G Brisson","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012170","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature coefficient of resistivity is a critical element of many AC-based hot-wire measurements of thermal properties. At cryogenic temperatures, most metallic materials suitable for wire and film-based forms have either a temperature coefficient or absolute resistivity that is too small to enable practical, accurate measurements. Invar (36Ni 64Fe) controlled thermal expansion alloy has a significant temperature coefficient of resistance while also maintaining significant absolute resistivity at cryogenic temperatures, and so has seen some use in low temperature 3-omega measurements. Prior data on the temperature coefficient of resistivity of Invar is limited and the uncertainty is high. In this work, we present high-accuracy resistance and temperature coefficient data for this material from 5-300 K.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012031
James Tuttle, Amir Jahromi, Edgar Canavan, Jacob Nellis, Justin Scheidler
NASA frequently needs thermal contraction data for materials to be used in cryogenic space flight missions. To satisfy this need, we developed an apparatus and a high-precision technique for performing such measurements using a commercial fiber-optic-based position sensor. We describe the measurement process and its verification using a copper sample. We also present data for alumina and sintered samarium cobalt, which we characterized for potential NASA use.
{"title":"Development of an apparatus and process for precision measurements of cryogenic thermal contraction of materials","authors":"James Tuttle, Amir Jahromi, Edgar Canavan, Jacob Nellis, Justin Scheidler","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012031","url":null,"abstract":"NASA frequently needs thermal contraction data for materials to be used in cryogenic space flight missions. To satisfy this need, we developed an apparatus and a high-precision technique for performing such measurements using a commercial fiber-optic-based position sensor. We describe the measurement process and its verification using a copper sample. We also present data for alumina and sintered samarium cobalt, which we characterized for potential NASA use.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012101
L Wang, E Buice, H Crawford, J Doyle, P Fallon, A Hodgkinson, T Loew, M Regis, S Zimmermann
The Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA) is a full 4π gamma-ray tracking detector capable of reconstructing the energy and three-dimensional position of gamma-ray interactions within a compact sphere of high-purity germanium crystals. The GRETA Detector Array Sphere will have the capacity to accommodate a total of 30 Germanium Quad Detector Modules (QDM). The 30 QDMs are to be cooled and maintained below 100 K using liquid nitrogen (LN) at all times while the array is in normal operation, and will require regular filling of a LN Dewar on each module. The Dewar is designed to allow the Quad Module to be operated in any orientation with a LN holding time of no less than 12 hours when the detector module is fully powered. An automated LN cooling and refilling system is required to supply LN to the 30 QDMs and ensure them maintained below 100 K. Each of the GRETA QDMs houses a total of 148 pre-amplifier units within the module, and with the high power consumption of each pre-amplifier, active cooling of the pre-amplifier compartment is required. Additionally, each Quad Module will have 4 digitizer modules attached to it, which generate heat and require cooling as well. A closed-loop liquid (Glycol) cooling system will provide the required temperature stability and dissipate power generated heat for electronics. This paper presents design of the GRETA LN cooling system for detectors and the closed-loop liquid cooling system for electronics including technical requirements, design schemes, key components, operation modes, and so on.
伽马射线能量跟踪阵列（GRETA）是一个完整的 4π 伽马射线跟踪探测器，能够在一个由高纯度锗晶体组成的紧凑球体内重建伽马射线相互作用的能量和三维位置。GRETA 探测器阵列球体可容纳 30 个锗四探测器模块（QDM）。在阵列正常运行时，这 30 个 QDM 将始终使用液氮（LN）冷却并保持在 100 K 以下，并且需要定期向每个模块上的液氮露天开关注入液氮。在探测器模块完全通电的情况下，液氮保温时间不少于 12 小时。每个 GRETA QDM 模块内共有 148 个前置放大器单元，由于每个前置放大器的功耗很高，因此需要对前置放大器舱进行主动冷却。此外，每个 Quad 模块上都有 4 个数字转换器模块，它们也会产生热量，需要冷却。闭环液体（乙二醇）冷却系统将提供所需的温度稳定性，并为电子设备散热。本文介绍了用于探测器的 GRETA LN 冷却系统和用于电子设备的闭环液体冷却系统的设计，包括技术要求、设计方案、关键部件、运行模式等。
{"title":"Design of GRETA Cooling Systems","authors":"L Wang, E Buice, H Crawford, J Doyle, P Fallon, A Hodgkinson, T Loew, M Regis, S Zimmermann","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012101","url":null,"abstract":"The Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA) is a full 4π gamma-ray tracking detector capable of reconstructing the energy and three-dimensional position of gamma-ray interactions within a compact sphere of high-purity germanium crystals. The GRETA Detector Array Sphere will have the capacity to accommodate a total of 30 Germanium Quad Detector Modules (QDM). The 30 QDMs are to be cooled and maintained below 100 K using liquid nitrogen (LN) at all times while the array is in normal operation, and will require regular filling of a LN Dewar on each module. The Dewar is designed to allow the Quad Module to be operated in any orientation with a LN holding time of no less than 12 hours when the detector module is fully powered. An automated LN cooling and refilling system is required to supply LN to the 30 QDMs and ensure them maintained below 100 K. Each of the GRETA QDMs houses a total of 148 pre-amplifier units within the module, and with the high power consumption of each pre-amplifier, active cooling of the pre-amplifier compartment is required. Additionally, each Quad Module will have 4 digitizer modules attached to it, which generate heat and require cooling as well. A closed-loop liquid (Glycol) cooling system will provide the required temperature stability and dissipate power generated heat for electronics. This paper presents design of the GRETA LN cooling system for detectors and the closed-loop liquid cooling system for electronics including technical requirements, design schemes, key components, operation modes, and so on.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012020
N Rigas, M Merklein
Because of growing environmental and technical requirements, the efficient manufacturing of components with tailored properties using recyclable materials is mandatory. The combination of high-strength aluminum alloys and thermal-assisted forming operations is an innovative method for the production of components with varying mechanical properties. By locally adjusting the cooling rates during a thermo-mechanical forming operation, it is possible to modify the microstructure and precipitation conditions. A subsequent aging operation causes different microstructural and mechanical characteristics. This allows both deep-drawing and adjustment of the component properties in one single step. For this reason, this contribution focuses on the production of components with tailored properties. With the aid of a non-contact measuring system, previous investigations have proved that mechanical material properties can be adapted during a forming process by adjusting the cooling rates. In this contribution, this knowledge is transferred to a novel temperature-controlled rectangular cup tool. A variation of the local tool temperature and holding duration in the tool will be carried out. Then, the mechanical and microstructural properties of the manufactured components will be characterized through hardness and DSC investigations. In addition, the influence of different tool temperatures on the component temperature, the sheet thickness distribution and process forces will be investigated. As a result, it has been demonstrated that mechanical, process-related and geometric advantages can be achieved by using locally temperature-controlled forming tools.
{"title":"Development of a novel forming tool for the production of high-strength aluminum components with tailored properties","authors":"N Rigas, M Merklein","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012020","url":null,"abstract":"Because of growing environmental and technical requirements, the efficient manufacturing of components with tailored properties using recyclable materials is mandatory. The combination of high-strength aluminum alloys and thermal-assisted forming operations is an innovative method for the production of components with varying mechanical properties. By locally adjusting the cooling rates during a thermo-mechanical forming operation, it is possible to modify the microstructure and precipitation conditions. A subsequent aging operation causes different microstructural and mechanical characteristics. This allows both deep-drawing and adjustment of the component properties in one single step. For this reason, this contribution focuses on the production of components with tailored properties. With the aid of a non-contact measuring system, previous investigations have proved that mechanical material properties can be adapted during a forming process by adjusting the cooling rates. In this contribution, this knowledge is transferred to a novel temperature-controlled rectangular cup tool. A variation of the local tool temperature and holding duration in the tool will be carried out. Then, the mechanical and microstructural properties of the manufactured components will be characterized through hardness and DSC investigations. In addition, the influence of different tool temperatures on the component temperature, the sheet thickness distribution and process forces will be investigated. As a result, it has been demonstrated that mechanical, process-related and geometric advantages can be achieved by using locally temperature-controlled forming tools.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012010
L Solazzi
The main purpose of this research is to design a jib of a tower crane using composite material and to compare the effects/performance on the whole machine due to this lightweight process. The research starts by sizing the jib with steel material. Many different load conditions were involved and different criteria were assumed; those are: stress safety factor, stiffness, dynamic performance (modal) and buckling phenomenon which is the most important parameter. Then other non-standard load conditions were applied to the tower crane: moving load and jib (rotation and elevating) and adopting wind variable in time. The results of these load conditions were assumed to design a new jib made of pultruded composite material. The next step involves the design of additional elements of the crane: ropes, counter boom, counterweight, electric motor, etc. The last step concerns the economic feasibility of the new solution. The results show that the weight of the jib made by composite material is about 25% of the one made by steel and the economic payout for making the composite arm can be equalized in about a year and a half of machine operation, making the proposed solution very worthwhile.
{"title":"Feasibility of the tower crane jib made of composite material","authors":"L Solazzi","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research is to design a jib of a tower crane using composite material and to compare the effects/performance on the whole machine due to this lightweight process. The research starts by sizing the jib with steel material. Many different load conditions were involved and different criteria were assumed; those are: stress safety factor, stiffness, dynamic performance (modal) and buckling phenomenon which is the most important parameter. Then other non-standard load conditions were applied to the tower crane: moving load and jib (rotation and elevating) and adopting wind variable in time. The results of these load conditions were assumed to design a new jib made of pultruded composite material. The next step involves the design of additional elements of the crane: ropes, counter boom, counterweight, electric motor, etc. The last step concerns the economic feasibility of the new solution. The results show that the weight of the jib made by composite material is about 25% of the one made by steel and the economic payout for making the composite arm can be equalized in about a year and a half of machine operation, making the proposed solution very worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012013
Judy Wu, Mohan Panth, Victor Ogunjimi, Mary Ann Sebastian, Di Zhang, Timothy Haugan, Haiyan Wang
C-axis aligned BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods formed via strain-mediated self-assembly in BZO-doped YaBa2Cu3O7-x (BZO/YBCO) nanocomposite films can provide strong pinning to the quantized magnetic vortices. While the strain initiated from the BZO/YBCO lattice mismatch plays a critical role in nucleation and evolution of the BZO nanorods, it also leads to a highly defective BZO/YBCO interface and hence reduced pinning efficiency of BZO nanorods. This work reports a recent study in probing the effect of BZO/YBCO interface on the pinning efficiency of the BZO nanorods as the interface is repaired dynamically during the BZO nanorod growth using Ca doping. Within the BZO doping range of 2-8 vol.%, significantly enhanced pinning efficiency of the BZO nanorods have been observed. A peak enhancement up to five-fold of critical current density at 9.0 T and 65-77 K has been obtained in the 6 vol.% BZO/YBCO nanocomposites after the interface repair. This result not only illustrates the critical importance of the BZO/YBCO interface in the pinning efficiency, but also provides a facile scheme to achieve such an interface to restore the pristine pinning efficiency of the BZO nanorods.
{"title":"Ca-repaired BaZrO3 nanorods/YBa2Cu3O7-x interface for enhanced pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x nanocomposites with 2-8% BaZrO3 doping","authors":"Judy Wu, Mohan Panth, Victor Ogunjimi, Mary Ann Sebastian, Di Zhang, Timothy Haugan, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1302/1/012013","url":null,"abstract":"C-axis aligned BaZrO<sub>3</sub> (BZO) nanorods formed via strain-mediated self-assembly in BZO-doped YaBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> (BZO/YBCO) nanocomposite films can provide strong pinning to the quantized magnetic vortices. While the strain initiated from the BZO/YBCO lattice mismatch plays a critical role in nucleation and evolution of the BZO nanorods, it also leads to a highly defective BZO/YBCO interface and hence reduced pinning efficiency of BZO nanorods. This work reports a recent study in probing the effect of BZO/YBCO interface on the pinning efficiency of the BZO nanorods as the interface is repaired dynamically during the BZO nanorod growth using Ca doping. Within the BZO doping range of 2-8 vol.%, significantly enhanced pinning efficiency of the BZO nanorods have been observed. A peak enhancement up to five-fold of critical current density at 9.0 T and 65-77 K has been obtained in the 6 vol.% BZO/YBCO nanocomposites after the interface repair. This result not only illustrates the critical importance of the BZO/YBCO interface in the pinning efficiency, but also provides a facile scheme to achieve such an interface to restore the pristine pinning efficiency of the BZO nanorods.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1309/1/012007
Andreas Pfeiffer, Kathrin Thiele, Gerald Wimmer, Johannes Schenk
Due to the ambitious climate targets of the European Union, one can expect that the electric arc furnace (EAF) will gain greater importance in the future of steelmaking. Since slag foaming is a decisive factor in an efficient process, understanding this phenomenon is essential when applying hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI). Therefore, a method was developed to check different slag compositions concerning their foaming behavior. Slag samples are melted, and a carbon carrier is added. After a selected reaction time, the crucible is quenched in liquid nitrogen, superficially freezing the state while foaming. Afterward, it is halved, providing metallographic examination and height measurement possibilities. Three slags were tested, MgO-saturated EAF slag, MgO-unsaturated EAF slag, and electrical Smelter-like slag. Digital and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are used to compare the slags and evaluate the method. The Smelter slag shows no foamability, unaffected by the FeO content. Contrary, good foamability can be observed for EAF slags.
由于欧盟雄心勃勃的气候目标，可以预见电弧炉（EAF）在未来的炼钢中将变得更加重要。由于炉渣发泡是高效工艺的决定性因素，因此在应用氢基直接还原铁（DRI）时，了解这一现象至关重要。因此，我们开发了一种方法来检查不同炉渣成分的发泡行为。熔化炉渣样品并加入碳载体。经过选定的反应时间后，将坩埚在液氮中淬火，在起泡的同时使其表面冻结。然后，将坩埚减半，进行金相检查和高度测量。测试了三种炉渣：氧化镁饱和的 EAF 炉渣、氧化镁不饱和的 EAF 炉渣和类似冶炼厂的电渣。使用数码电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜以及能量色散 X 射线光谱仪对炉渣进行了比较，并对该方法进行了评估。冶炼炉炉渣没有泡沫，不受氧化铁含量的影响。相反，EAF 炉渣则具有良好的发泡性。
{"title":"Laboratory Scale Evaluation of the Slag Foaming Behavior","authors":"Andreas Pfeiffer, Kathrin Thiele, Gerald Wimmer, Johannes Schenk","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1309/1/012007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1309/1/012007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the ambitious climate targets of the European Union, one can expect that the electric arc furnace (EAF) will gain greater importance in the future of steelmaking. Since slag foaming is a decisive factor in an efficient process, understanding this phenomenon is essential when applying hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI). Therefore, a method was developed to check different slag compositions concerning their foaming behavior. Slag samples are melted, and a carbon carrier is added. After a selected reaction time, the crucible is quenched in liquid nitrogen, superficially freezing the state while foaming. Afterward, it is halved, providing metallographic examination and height measurement possibilities. Three slags were tested, MgO-saturated EAF slag, MgO-unsaturated EAF slag, and electrical Smelter-like slag. Digital and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are used to compare the slags and evaluate the method. The Smelter slag shows no foamability, unaffected by the FeO content. Contrary, good foamability can be observed for EAF slags.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012043
L. Berzi, M Cocci, R. Barbieri, M. Pierini, M. Delogu
The production of railway vehicles determines the handling of a large amount of materials which are transferred from suppliers to production site using industrial packaging. The activity here described is part of the MORIMB project, which dealt with the reduction of waste related to railway sector; wood, plastic, cardboard and metal fasteners are the typical materials which are adopted for such packaging.The study is motivated from the evidence that, due to the peculiarities of the transported components, most of the packaging units were different from standardized formats therefore they were frequently used for a single transport and subsequently scrapped. An applicative methodology for the analysis, redesign, and evaluation of environmental and economic impacts was defined, with particular attention to packaging reusability. An adaptation of the DMAIC approach was used to analyze the various components and find solutions reusability and performance improvement, especially in terms of volume efficiency and component protection. Depending on the item to be transported, specific crates have been designed and structurally verified according to existing technical regulation, and their sustainability has been analyzed considering environmental and economic impact during production, transport and storage phase; appropriate scenarios regarding distance travelled and volume occupancy were defined. The case study presented in detail in this work concerns the concept of special crates for the transport of passenger seats – a key component for train production - for which an increase in packaging density and a reduction of transportation costs was achieved. Other case studies were also considered.
{"title":"Approaching the re-design of reusable packaging from an environmental perspective: a case study in the railway sector","authors":"L. Berzi, M Cocci, R. Barbieri, M. Pierini, M. Delogu","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012043","url":null,"abstract":"The production of railway vehicles determines the handling of a large amount of materials which are transferred from suppliers to production site using industrial packaging. The activity here described is part of the MORIMB project, which dealt with the reduction of waste related to railway sector; wood, plastic, cardboard and metal fasteners are the typical materials which are adopted for such packaging.The study is motivated from the evidence that, due to the peculiarities of the transported components, most of the packaging units were different from standardized formats therefore they were frequently used for a single transport and subsequently scrapped. An applicative methodology for the analysis, redesign, and evaluation of environmental and economic impacts was defined, with particular attention to packaging reusability. An adaptation of the DMAIC approach was used to analyze the various components and find solutions reusability and performance improvement, especially in terms of volume efficiency and component protection. Depending on the item to be transported, specific crates have been designed and structurally verified according to existing technical regulation, and their sustainability has been analyzed considering environmental and economic impact during production, transport and storage phase; appropriate scenarios regarding distance travelled and volume occupancy were defined. The case study presented in detail in this work concerns the concept of special crates for the transport of passenger seats – a key component for train production - for which an increase in packaging density and a reduction of transportation costs was achieved. Other case studies were also considered.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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