Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.065
Girish Narayanaswamy, Supriya Dey
Pleural Empyema necessitans refers to the extension of an empyema out of the pleural space and in to the neighbouring chest wall and surrounding soft tissues.Salmonella typhi is a versatile pathogen with amazing potential of infecting almost all organs of its host. Globally, the life threatening illness caused by Salmonella typhi have made this pathogen a serious health concern for infection control professionals. Salmonella typhi usually manifests as a febrile illness with bacteremia after initial entry through the gastrointestinal route, but it can occasionally cause significant disease in extraintestinal sites. Various microbes have been found associated with pleural cavity abscesses that ultimately lead to high morbidity and mortality rates, but pulmonary involvement due to Salmonella infection is rare. We are reporting an unusaual and rare case of pleural cavity abscess caused by Salmonella typhi in a 44 years old febrile patient, admitted to a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore with a complaints of swelling on the left sided chest wall. Diagnosis was made by HRCT THORAX which revealed an well defined hypodense collection with peripheral rim enhancement in anterior chest wall around 7th to 8th costochondral junction, communication with left pleural cavity. Pus was collected from the abscess by incision and drainage. Salmonella enterica serotype typhi was isolated from the sample. Patient was put on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
{"title":"Isolation of salmonella typhi from pleural empyema necessitans- A case report from a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka","authors":"Girish Narayanaswamy, Supriya Dey","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.065","url":null,"abstract":"Pleural Empyema necessitans refers to the extension of an empyema out of the pleural space and in to the neighbouring chest wall and surrounding soft tissues.Salmonella typhi is a versatile pathogen with amazing potential of infecting almost all organs of its host. Globally, the life threatening illness caused by Salmonella typhi have made this pathogen a serious health concern for infection control professionals. Salmonella typhi usually manifests as a febrile illness with bacteremia after initial entry through the gastrointestinal route, but it can occasionally cause significant disease in extraintestinal sites. Various microbes have been found associated with pleural cavity abscesses that ultimately lead to high morbidity and mortality rates, but pulmonary involvement due to Salmonella infection is rare. We are reporting an unusaual and rare case of pleural cavity abscess caused by Salmonella typhi in a 44 years old febrile patient, admitted to a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore with a complaints of swelling on the left sided chest wall. Diagnosis was made by HRCT THORAX which revealed an well defined hypodense collection with peripheral rim enhancement in anterior chest wall around 7th to 8th costochondral junction, communication with left pleural cavity. Pus was collected from the abscess by incision and drainage. Salmonella enterica serotype typhi was isolated from the sample. Patient was put on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83945284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.069
Sweta Shah, P. Thakkar, S. Goyle, S. Jadhav
A 73 years old male patient, was admitted with fever, cough and generalised weakness since two to three days. He was diagnosed to have metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung 3 months back and was on chemotherapy. His blood culture grew The patient succumbed to the disease and various other comorbidities that had led to multi-organ failure. Incidence of bacteraemia due to nocardia and the associated common species in India is not known yet. It is imperative to widen the scope of the laboratory and to use diverse laboratory tools for accurate and rapid diagnosis of rare and unconventional pathogens.
{"title":"A case report: Nocardia otitidiscaviarum bacteraemia in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Sweta Shah, P. Thakkar, S. Goyle, S. Jadhav","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.069","url":null,"abstract":"A 73 years old male patient, was admitted with fever, cough and generalised weakness since two to three days. He was diagnosed to have metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung 3 months back and was on chemotherapy. His blood culture grew The patient succumbed to the disease and various other comorbidities that had led to multi-organ failure. Incidence of bacteraemia due to nocardia and the associated common species in India is not known yet. It is imperative to widen the scope of the laboratory and to use diverse laboratory tools for accurate and rapid diagnosis of rare and unconventional pathogens.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78723446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.058
Heena Chouhan, R. Parmar
Patients getting upkeep hemodialysis (HD) are at higher gamble for gaining Hepatitis B infection (HBV) and Hepatitis C infection (HCV) diseases than everybody. Thus, we meant to examine the occurrence and predominance of HBV and HCV contamination in the HD populace in a tertiary consideration clinic Jamnagar.All grown-up patients getting support HD (n=1667)were read up for quite some time (2019 and 2020). Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hostile to HCV antibodies was performed at commencement of dialysis and each 3-6 months from that point. A review was done in view of information of serological testing of all CKD Patients.The middle period of patients was 60 years and 65% were male.1667 patients were concentrated on in which sero positive for HBV (0.83%) and HCV (hostile to HCV 2.57%). The predominance of HBV+HCV contamination differed broadly between HD focuses from 0% to 65.7% sero-positive patients were more youthful, made some more extended memories on dialysis and more past blood bondings. Imminent subsequent uncovered a rate of sero transformation of 0.35% during 1 year. Span of dialysis, more youthful age, and history of getting HD in one more place were altogether connected with sero-change.Patients on upkeep HD in tertiary consideration medical clinic, Jamnagar have a high frequency and predominance of HCV disease and lower paces of HBV contamination. The elements related with HBV and HCV diseases are exceptionally reminiscent of nosocomial transmission inside HD units. As end, we thus require sufficient improvement in contamination control estimates in Hemodialysis units in order to lessen reliance on blood bondings for the treatment of paleness.
{"title":"A retrospective study of prevalance of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in hemodialysis patients in teritary care hospital Jamnagar","authors":"Heena Chouhan, R. Parmar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.058","url":null,"abstract":"Patients getting upkeep hemodialysis (HD) are at higher gamble for gaining Hepatitis B infection (HBV) and Hepatitis C infection (HCV) diseases than everybody. Thus, we meant to examine the occurrence and predominance of HBV and HCV contamination in the HD populace in a tertiary consideration clinic Jamnagar.All grown-up patients getting support HD (n=1667)were read up for quite some time (2019 and 2020). Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hostile to HCV antibodies was performed at commencement of dialysis and each 3-6 months from that point. A review was done in view of information of serological testing of all CKD Patients.The middle period of patients was 60 years and 65% were male.1667 patients were concentrated on in which sero positive for HBV (0.83%) and HCV (hostile to HCV 2.57%). The predominance of HBV+HCV contamination differed broadly between HD focuses from 0% to 65.7% sero-positive patients were more youthful, made some more extended memories on dialysis and more past blood bondings. Imminent subsequent uncovered a rate of sero transformation of 0.35% during 1 year. Span of dialysis, more youthful age, and history of getting HD in one more place were altogether connected with sero-change.Patients on upkeep HD in tertiary consideration medical clinic, Jamnagar have a high frequency and predominance of HCV disease and lower paces of HBV contamination. The elements related with HBV and HCV diseases are exceptionally reminiscent of nosocomial transmission inside HD units. As end, we thus require sufficient improvement in contamination control estimates in Hemodialysis units in order to lessen reliance on blood bondings for the treatment of paleness.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88595620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.063
R. Sujatha, Nashra Afaq, S. B. P., Arunagiri, Deepak Sameerdind
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, persisting for more than 2 weeks. is one of the most common organisms to cause CSOM. Carbapenems are among the most effective antibiotics used against infections resistant to carbapenems is often associated with production of metallo-ß-lactamases strains. Detection of MBLs producing strains can be effective for optimal treatment of patients for the control and spread of resistance. The main purpose of the study is to determine the imipenem resistant carrying metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) genebla in Patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Tertiary care hospital”This was a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Microbiology and ENT Department for a period of 1 year between July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 185 patients clinically suspected cases for CSOM were studied. Swabs taken from discharging ears were sent for Gram’s staining, culture and antibiotic sensitivity test as per the latest CLSI guidelines. The isolates were further tested for MBL by screening test, by Imipenem – EDTA combined disc test, and MBL E test (Imipenem). The DNA was extracted by using Qiagen DNA Extraction kit and gene for isolates was detected by conventional PCR.In our study the number of cases clinically diagnosed of having CSOM was 185, out of which 63 (34%) was found to be culture positive for CSOM infection. Males were 38 (60.3%) as compared to that of female 25 (39.6%), Both the ears affected were almost in equal distribution, with the left ear being 32 (50.7%) and the right ear being 28 (44.4%) while in 3 cases (4.7%) it was bilateral. Gram negative bacilli were (74.6%), being the most common isolate with 47.6% followed by 19% and among the Gram positive isolates (25.3%). (12.6%) was the most common isolate. Colistin (96.6%), Piperacillin‑tazobactam (73.3%), Amikacin (76.6.3%), and Cefepime (73.3%) were found to be the most effective Antibiotics. The resistance to ciprofloxacin was (56.6%), Levofloxacin (50%), Piperacillin (46.6%), Gentamicin(36.6%), Imipenem (36.6%), Tobramycin (30%), Ceftazidime (30%). Out of 30 isolated 11(36.6%) were screening test-positives for MBL by Imipenem – EDTA combined disc test, and MBL E test (Imipenem). The bla gene was detected in all 11 (36.6%) of the isolates of In the present study being the most common isolate with Colistin, Piperacillin‑tazobactam, Amikacin, and cefepime to be the most effective antibiotics. Resistance of isolates to Imipenem due to MBL enzymes is increasing in the Kanpur region (36.6%). Judicial use of broad spectrum antibiotics, like Imipenem is the need of the hour, hence knowledge of the etiological agents of CSOM and their antibiogram is of paramount importance for an efficient treatment and prevention of both disease complications and antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of metallo-beta lactamase geneblaimp-1 in imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients of chronic suppurative otitis media at a tertiary care hospital","authors":"R. Sujatha, Nashra Afaq, S. B. P., Arunagiri, Deepak Sameerdind","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.063","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, persisting for more than 2 weeks. is one of the most common organisms to cause CSOM. Carbapenems are among the most effective antibiotics used against infections resistant to carbapenems is often associated with production of metallo-ß-lactamases strains. Detection of MBLs producing strains can be effective for optimal treatment of patients for the control and spread of resistance. The main purpose of the study is to determine the imipenem resistant carrying metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) genebla in Patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Tertiary care hospital”This was a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Microbiology and ENT Department for a period of 1 year between July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 185 patients clinically suspected cases for CSOM were studied. Swabs taken from discharging ears were sent for Gram’s staining, culture and antibiotic sensitivity test as per the latest CLSI guidelines. The isolates were further tested for MBL by screening test, by Imipenem – EDTA combined disc test, and MBL E test (Imipenem). The DNA was extracted by using Qiagen DNA Extraction kit and gene for isolates was detected by conventional PCR.In our study the number of cases clinically diagnosed of having CSOM was 185, out of which 63 (34%) was found to be culture positive for CSOM infection. Males were 38 (60.3%) as compared to that of female 25 (39.6%), Both the ears affected were almost in equal distribution, with the left ear being 32 (50.7%) and the right ear being 28 (44.4%) while in 3 cases (4.7%) it was bilateral. Gram negative bacilli were (74.6%), being the most common isolate with 47.6% followed by 19% and among the Gram positive isolates (25.3%). (12.6%) was the most common isolate. Colistin (96.6%), Piperacillin‑tazobactam (73.3%), Amikacin (76.6.3%), and Cefepime (73.3%) were found to be the most effective Antibiotics. The resistance to ciprofloxacin was (56.6%), Levofloxacin (50%), Piperacillin (46.6%), Gentamicin(36.6%), Imipenem (36.6%), Tobramycin (30%), Ceftazidime (30%). Out of 30 isolated 11(36.6%) were screening test-positives for MBL by Imipenem – EDTA combined disc test, and MBL E test (Imipenem). The bla gene was detected in all 11 (36.6%) of the isolates of In the present study being the most common isolate with Colistin, Piperacillin‑tazobactam, Amikacin, and cefepime to be the most effective antibiotics. Resistance of isolates to Imipenem due to MBL enzymes is increasing in the Kanpur region (36.6%). Judicial use of broad spectrum antibiotics, like Imipenem is the need of the hour, hence knowledge of the etiological agents of CSOM and their antibiogram is of paramount importance for an efficient treatment and prevention of both disease complications and antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"11 22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78916623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.054
A. Choure
{"title":"Future of genome sequencing in clinical microbiology","authors":"A. Choure","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82968796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.062
Girish Narayanaswamy, Reenu S.P, R. Kushwaha
Bladder infection exists as frequently occurring infectious disease in diabetic mellitus of all distinct age groups. Acute cystitis is recognised as higher frequency in person with diabetes. Urinary Tract infection is most familiar and widespread infection in world-wide. The frequency of urinary tract infection is at peak in patients with diabetic mellitus. Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic impairment characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It’s a common disease that affects health in many ways and relevant problems one of the leading illness world-wide. Urinary tract infection medical aid experimental is less execution of urine culture and sensitivity. In the present study designed to find out occurrence of bacterial urinary tract infection, Multidrug resistant organisms, health risk and antimicrobial drug medication for UTI’s. To hypothesize the spectrum of uropathogens and the profile of antibiotic resistance pattern in both diabetic and non-diabetic patient with asymptomatic urinary tract infection.The research study was performed for the duration of 6 Months (April-September 2022) in Vydehi Institute of medical science and research centre (VIMS & RC) Whitefield Bangalore. Diabeticas well as non-diabetic patientsabove 18 years of age, from OPD and also admitted in General medicine department of VIMS & RC was considered. A total of 247 diabetic and non-diabetic urine samples from outpatients and inpatients was collected and processed in the microbiology laboratory. In accordance to principle of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, the urine samples was collected and analysed. VITEK 2 Automated system analyser was used to determine Antimicrobial Sensitivity. Bacterial Multidrug Resistant Organism isolates in diabetes mellitus with bacteriuria is 48 (53%). Bacterial isolates in non-diabetic mellitus with bacteriuria is 29 (17%). and is frequently isolated. Gram-negative bacteria are highly resistant to multiple drugs like, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriaxone, Clavulanic acid, Cefpirome, etc moreover increasingly resistant accessible antibiotics. and was the most familiar isolated microorganisms.
{"title":"Bacterial urinary tract infection in diabetes patients and evaluation for multidrug resistant organisms","authors":"Girish Narayanaswamy, Reenu S.P, R. Kushwaha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.062","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder infection exists as frequently occurring infectious disease in diabetic mellitus of all distinct age groups. Acute cystitis is recognised as higher frequency in person with diabetes. Urinary Tract infection is most familiar and widespread infection in world-wide. The frequency of urinary tract infection is at peak in patients with diabetic mellitus. Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic impairment characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It’s a common disease that affects health in many ways and relevant problems one of the leading illness world-wide. Urinary tract infection medical aid experimental is less execution of urine culture and sensitivity. In the present study designed to find out occurrence of bacterial urinary tract infection, Multidrug resistant organisms, health risk and antimicrobial drug medication for UTI’s. To hypothesize the spectrum of uropathogens and the profile of antibiotic resistance pattern in both diabetic and non-diabetic patient with asymptomatic urinary tract infection.The research study was performed for the duration of 6 Months (April-September 2022) in Vydehi Institute of medical science and research centre (VIMS & RC) Whitefield Bangalore. Diabeticas well as non-diabetic patientsabove 18 years of age, from OPD and also admitted in General medicine department of VIMS & RC was considered. A total of 247 diabetic and non-diabetic urine samples from outpatients and inpatients was collected and processed in the microbiology laboratory. In accordance to principle of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, the urine samples was collected and analysed. VITEK 2 Automated system analyser was used to determine Antimicrobial Sensitivity. Bacterial Multidrug Resistant Organism isolates in diabetes mellitus with bacteriuria is 48 (53%). Bacterial isolates in non-diabetic mellitus with bacteriuria is 29 (17%). and is frequently isolated. Gram-negative bacteria are highly resistant to multiple drugs like, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriaxone, Clavulanic acid, Cefpirome, etc moreover increasingly resistant accessible antibiotics. and was the most familiar isolated microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"350 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77717011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.068
Sameer R. Verma, V. Sardana
is being increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen, causing severe infections mostly in debilitated or immunocompromised patients. It has been implicated in causing nosocomial infections, particularly in those with indwelling catheters, which can lead to catheter-related bloodstream infections. We report the constellation of clinical, microbiological and radiological findings of a case of septicemia and pneumonia caused by this unusual pathogen. Treatment of anthropi infection is challenging because of an unpredictable resistance to antibiotics. Correct identification and timely initiation of an appropriate antimicrobial therapy proves to result in the dramatic recovery of the patient.
{"title":"Ochrobactrum anthropi: An unusual opportunistic pathogen causing septicemia and Pneumonia","authors":"Sameer R. Verma, V. Sardana","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.068","url":null,"abstract":"is being increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen, causing severe infections mostly in debilitated or immunocompromised patients. It has been implicated in causing nosocomial infections, particularly in those with indwelling catheters, which can lead to catheter-related bloodstream infections. We report the constellation of clinical, microbiological and radiological findings of a case of septicemia and pneumonia caused by this unusual pathogen. Treatment of anthropi infection is challenging because of an unpredictable resistance to antibiotics. Correct identification and timely initiation of an appropriate antimicrobial therapy proves to result in the dramatic recovery of the patient.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74974031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.055
G. Sangeetha Vani, M. Swapna
Age-related expression for a disease is well known. The applicability of such an expression for SARS-CoV-2 prompted this review. Whenever an infection is highly prevalent, the younger age groups get more affected. But this is not seen in COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 disease is more and sometimes fatal in adults when compared with children and found to be less severe. This shows a striking difference as generally children tend to get more affected with most of the respiratory viruses.Can this be explained by the differences that are observed in their oro-pharyngeal, lung, nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal microbiota? This review addresses the potential of resident microbiota for the spectrum of expressions in susceptible population through various mechanisms. In the nasopharynx, where microbial interactions and competition may limit the growth of SARS-CoV-2, children are more extensively colonized with viruses and bacteria than adults. One study found no discernible differences in the nasopharyngeal microbiota between SARS-CoV-2 patients and healthy individuals, whereas other investigations found significant differences in the oro-pharyngeal, lung and gut microbiota between these groups.There is a reduced load of bacteria in the gut microbiota of the patients who are infected with COVID-19; especially the bacterial phyla such as are found to be very less in the gut but there is relatively a higher load of other organisms such as It is known that have a lot of anti-inflammatory properties and show decreased gastrointestinal ACE-2 expression. The microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract differs with age. Children’s guts exhibit higher concentrations of These variations in the gut microbiota of patients have also been noted between those who do and those who don’t excrete SARS-CoV-2 in their feces. However, these results, which are based on the gut flora of each patient, may be affected by factors like food, age, use of antibiotics and their immune system. This relation between the gut microbiota and the severity of COVID-19 disease in patients is studied and it is still unclear. Randomized control trials (RCT) of BCG are being conducted to lessen the severity of COVID-19. Oral polio vaccination and the measles-containing vaccine (MCV), in addition to BCG, have been proposed as potential factors in the difference in COVID-19 severity. To lessen the severity of COVID-19, a randomized control trial of the MMR vaccine has been planned. Understanding the mechanism underlying the age-related variations in COVID-19 severity through the colonizing microbial flora and off-target effects of live vaccines (BCG, etc.) would provide important cognizance and open up many opportunities for the management and cure of this novel infection.
{"title":"A review on COVID-19, colonising microflora and microbial links to age-related differences and off-target effect of live vaccines like BCG","authors":"G. Sangeetha Vani, M. Swapna","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.055","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related expression for a disease is well known. The applicability of such an expression for SARS-CoV-2 prompted this review. Whenever an infection is highly prevalent, the younger age groups get more affected. But this is not seen in COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 disease is more and sometimes fatal in adults when compared with children and found to be less severe. This shows a striking difference as generally children tend to get more affected with most of the respiratory viruses.Can this be explained by the differences that are observed in their oro-pharyngeal, lung, nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal microbiota? This review addresses the potential of resident microbiota for the spectrum of expressions in susceptible population through various mechanisms. In the nasopharynx, where microbial interactions and competition may limit the growth of SARS-CoV-2, children are more extensively colonized with viruses and bacteria than adults. One study found no discernible differences in the nasopharyngeal microbiota between SARS-CoV-2 patients and healthy individuals, whereas other investigations found significant differences in the oro-pharyngeal, lung and gut microbiota between these groups.There is a reduced load of bacteria in the gut microbiota of the patients who are infected with COVID-19; especially the bacterial phyla such as are found to be very less in the gut but there is relatively a higher load of other organisms such as It is known that have a lot of anti-inflammatory properties and show decreased gastrointestinal ACE-2 expression. The microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract differs with age. Children’s guts exhibit higher concentrations of These variations in the gut microbiota of patients have also been noted between those who do and those who don’t excrete SARS-CoV-2 in their feces. However, these results, which are based on the gut flora of each patient, may be affected by factors like food, age, use of antibiotics and their immune system. This relation between the gut microbiota and the severity of COVID-19 disease in patients is studied and it is still unclear. Randomized control trials (RCT) of BCG are being conducted to lessen the severity of COVID-19. Oral polio vaccination and the measles-containing vaccine (MCV), in addition to BCG, have been proposed as potential factors in the difference in COVID-19 severity. To lessen the severity of COVID-19, a randomized control trial of the MMR vaccine has been planned. Understanding the mechanism underlying the age-related variations in COVID-19 severity through the colonizing microbial flora and off-target effects of live vaccines (BCG, etc.) would provide important cognizance and open up many opportunities for the management and cure of this novel infection.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87697892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.064
U. K, Gnanasekar Ranganathan, Arun Kumar Chellappa
Unusual Ascomycetes yeasts are frequently reported in obstinate infections among the cancer population. Emergence of resistance among the non-albicans yeasts towards promising first-line azoles queries over treatment options. The present study probes on the recent trends in incidence of and emerging non- albicans yeasts in cancer patients and to determine the species-wise antifungal susceptibility towards first-line Triazoles and Echinocandin. A total of 53 isolates recovered from the clinical specimens collected from 87 cancer patients were presumptively identified on CHROMagar and speciated by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) target. The species-wise antifungal susceptibility were determined for the first-line triazoles (Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole) and Echinocandin (Anidulafungin) following CLSI guidelines. The proportion of Candida isolates were predominantly non-albicans Candida (NAC) species (85%) and (15%). All isolates were speciated using ITS sequencing and the spectrum of NAC species isolated were dominated with (17) followed by (9), (5), C. tropicalis (4), (3), (3), (2) and one isolate of each and The unusual NAC species showed varied resistance profile towards first-line azoles and were susceptible to Anidulafungin. The changing spectrum, high prevalence and pattern of low level azoles susceptibility among unusual NAC species recovered from the cancer population are alarming.
{"title":"Unusual non-albicans candida yeast in South India: Incidence in cancer patients and antifungal susceptibility towards first-line drugs","authors":"U. K, Gnanasekar Ranganathan, Arun Kumar Chellappa","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.064","url":null,"abstract":"Unusual Ascomycetes yeasts are frequently reported in obstinate infections among the cancer population. Emergence of resistance among the non-albicans yeasts towards promising first-line azoles queries over treatment options. The present study probes on the recent trends in incidence of and emerging non- albicans yeasts in cancer patients and to determine the species-wise antifungal susceptibility towards first-line Triazoles and Echinocandin. A total of 53 isolates recovered from the clinical specimens collected from 87 cancer patients were presumptively identified on CHROMagar and speciated by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) target. The species-wise antifungal susceptibility were determined for the first-line triazoles (Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole) and Echinocandin (Anidulafungin) following CLSI guidelines. The proportion of Candida isolates were predominantly non-albicans Candida (NAC) species (85%) and (15%). All isolates were speciated using ITS sequencing and the spectrum of NAC species isolated were dominated with (17) followed by (9), (5), C. tropicalis (4), (3), (3), (2) and one isolate of each and The unusual NAC species showed varied resistance profile towards first-line azoles and were susceptible to Anidulafungin. The changing spectrum, high prevalence and pattern of low level azoles susceptibility among unusual NAC species recovered from the cancer population are alarming.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.060
K. Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur
Coagulase Negative (CoNS) have been recognized as an important agent of human infection since the past five decadesSignificance of CoNS in human infection is increasing these days.CoNS are the indigenous flora of the skin and mucous membrane. They have long been considered as non pathogenic and were rarely reported to cause severe infections. However, as a result of the combination of increased use of intravascular devices and an increase in the number of hospitalized immunocompromised patients, CoNS have become the major cause of Nosocomial blood stream infections and they account for 9% of nosocomial infections. This study has been done to identify clinically significant CoNS associated with different human infections and also study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from clinical samples. : The present study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Punjab, India. A total 52 strains of CoNS isolated as a sole agent with a significant growth from various clinical samples were included in the study. The speciation of CoNS was done based gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test and VITEK – 2 Compact system.: Out of 52 sample, 61.5% is male and 38.5% female coming. The most common CoNS species isolated were S. hemolyticus 28(54%), S. epidermitidis 8(15%), S.hominis 8(15%) and 8(15%). The current study shown that pathogenic CoNS cause infection-related signs and symptoms. CoNS was discovered to be isolated from blood, urine, and pus, and were the most often found species in patients.
{"title":"Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of coagulase –negative staphylococci (cons) in various clinical specimens","authors":"K. Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.060","url":null,"abstract":"Coagulase Negative (CoNS) have been recognized as an important agent of human infection since the past five decadesSignificance of CoNS in human infection is increasing these days.CoNS are the indigenous flora of the skin and mucous membrane. They have long been considered as non pathogenic and were rarely reported to cause severe infections. However, as a result of the combination of increased use of intravascular devices and an increase in the number of hospitalized immunocompromised patients, CoNS have become the major cause of Nosocomial blood stream infections and they account for 9% of nosocomial infections. This study has been done to identify clinically significant CoNS associated with different human infections and also study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from clinical samples. : The present study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Punjab, India. A total 52 strains of CoNS isolated as a sole agent with a significant growth from various clinical samples were included in the study. The speciation of CoNS was done based gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test and VITEK – 2 Compact system.: Out of 52 sample, 61.5% is male and 38.5% female coming. The most common CoNS species isolated were S. hemolyticus 28(54%), S. epidermitidis 8(15%), S.hominis 8(15%) and 8(15%). The current study shown that pathogenic CoNS cause infection-related signs and symptoms. CoNS was discovered to be isolated from blood, urine, and pus, and were the most often found species in patients.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"4 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91425929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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