Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.35929
S. Azadi, S. Sadjady, S. Mortazavi, N. Naghdi, Roya Solaimanian, A. Mahboubi
Production of human proteins in Pichia pastoris has significant advantages. However, there is still need for improvement in various stages of its downstream processing like clarification and purification. In fact downstream processes are usually the most critical part of production of biotech products. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of two steps added to the downstream processes of human growth hormone (hGH) production in Pichia pastoris. Firstly the effect of clarification, with activated carbon, on capture of hGH by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) was investigated. For this purpose, a clarification process using activated carbon was used to remove process contaminants like pigments. The clarified sample was applied to the IEC column and the recovery of hGH, following IEC, was assessed using SDS-PAGE, Bradford protein assay and area under the curve (AUC). The obtained results showed that the AUC values were 2.81 and 5.61 for the with- and without-treatment samples, respectively. Protein recovery of clarified sample with activated carbon was 541 mg in comparison with 328 mg for the sample without treatment. The yield of IEC was also improved from 50.46% to 83.23% following treatment with activated carbon. Secondly, the effect of three concentrations of ammonium sulfate in the binding buffer on resolution of hGH upon elution on hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was investigated. Biological activity was used as the main criterion for evaluation of purified hGH using HIC. The obtained results indicated that by increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate form 1 to 3 mol/L, resolution of hGH was improved, as the purified fraction using 3 mol/L of ammonium sulfate showed a specific activity of 3.1IU/mg. So the results of the present study demonstrated that activated carbon is a promising candidate for efficient clarification of recombinant hGH and improving the efficiency of the capture step. Therefore, it can be considered by biotech companies as a cost-effective and sustainable clarification procedure of recombinant proteins from high cell density cultures. This study also revealed that 3% ammonium sulfate has a positive effect on the separation of hGH variants with the desired biological activity.
{"title":"Improvement in the downstream processing of rhGH production in Pichia pastoris","authors":"S. Azadi, S. Sadjady, S. Mortazavi, N. Naghdi, Roya Solaimanian, A. Mahboubi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.35929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.35929","url":null,"abstract":"Production of human proteins in Pichia pastoris has significant advantages. However, there is still need for improvement in various stages of its downstream processing like clarification and purification. In fact downstream processes are usually the most critical part of production of biotech products. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of two steps added to the downstream processes of human growth hormone (hGH) production in Pichia pastoris. Firstly the effect of clarification, with activated carbon, on capture of hGH by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) was investigated. For this purpose, a clarification process using activated carbon was used to remove process contaminants like pigments. The clarified sample was applied to the IEC column and the recovery of hGH, following IEC, was assessed using SDS-PAGE, Bradford protein assay and area under the curve (AUC). The obtained results showed that the AUC values were 2.81 and 5.61 for the with- and without-treatment samples, respectively. Protein recovery of clarified sample with activated carbon was 541 mg in comparison with 328 mg for the sample without treatment. The yield of IEC was also improved from 50.46% to 83.23% following treatment with activated carbon. Secondly, the effect of three concentrations of ammonium sulfate in the binding buffer on resolution of hGH upon elution on hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was investigated. Biological activity was used as the main criterion for evaluation of purified hGH using HIC. The obtained results indicated that by increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate form 1 to 3 mol/L, resolution of hGH was improved, as the purified fraction using 3 mol/L of ammonium sulfate showed a specific activity of 3.1IU/mg. So the results of the present study demonstrated that activated carbon is a promising candidate for efficient clarification of recombinant hGH and improving the efficiency of the capture step. Therefore, it can be considered by biotech companies as a cost-effective and sustainable clarification procedure of recombinant proteins from high cell density cultures. This study also revealed that 3% ammonium sulfate has a positive effect on the separation of hGH variants with the desired biological activity.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43306707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.35934
V. Eggadi, srilatha keshaveni, S. Bandaru, U. Kulandaivelu
The aim of present study is to investigate neuroprotective and nootropic activity of Petroleum Ether Extract of Carica papaya seeds (PEECPS) on diabetic induced cognitive decline rats. Rectangular maze and morris water maze models were used to evaluate nootropic activity and neuroprotective effects were studied by estimating acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of diabetic rats. In rectangular maze and morris water maze models, 400 mg/kg of PECPS were shown the significant effect when compared with diabetic control on day 75. Significant decrease in AchE (P<0.001), MDA (P<0.01), NO (P<0.05) and significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH with PECPS (200 and 400 mg/kg) when compared with diabetic control. There is a need of further studies on Carica papaya seeds as it showed protection against diabetes induced cognitive decline to reveal its mode of action.
{"title":"Neuroprotective and nootropic activity of Carica papaya seeds on Diabetes induced cognitive decline in rats","authors":"V. Eggadi, srilatha keshaveni, S. Bandaru, U. Kulandaivelu","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.35934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.35934","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of present study is to investigate neuroprotective and nootropic activity of Petroleum Ether Extract of Carica papaya seeds (PEECPS) on diabetic induced cognitive decline rats. Rectangular maze and morris water maze models were used to evaluate nootropic activity and neuroprotective effects were studied by estimating acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of diabetic rats. In rectangular maze and morris water maze models, 400 mg/kg of PECPS were shown the significant effect when compared with diabetic control on day 75. Significant decrease in AchE (P<0.001), MDA (P<0.01), NO (P<0.05) and significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH with PECPS (200 and 400 mg/kg) when compared with diabetic control. There is a need of further studies on Carica papaya seeds as it showed protection against diabetes induced cognitive decline to reveal its mode of action.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49100618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33737
E. Bekbolatova, N. V. Kurbatova, Z. Sakipova, L. Ibragimova, Saltanat I. Alpysbayeva, A. Kabdenova, W. Kukuła-Koch, F. Boylan
This study presents the results of anatomic-morphological examination of vegetative (leaves) and generative (flowers, fruits) organs of the endemic plant Crataegus almaatensis Pojark – family Rosaceae, growing in the foothills of Ile Alatau mountains, Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The plant Crataegus almaatensis Pojark was examined during the phenological phase of flowering and fruit ripening periods. The macroscopic and microscopic diagnostic features were established, which will allow for the standardization of this herbal plant in order to ensure its quality, safety, and efficacy and to avoid adulteration, misuse in the process of medicines’ preparation on its basis. For the first time significant diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features of the dried vegetative and generative organs of Crataegus almaatensis Pojark were described in detail. Currently not much is known about this species and this manuscript brings the information which are studied for the first time, according to the authors’ knowledge.
{"title":"Macroscopic and Microscopic Diagnostic Features of the potential Herbal Drug Crataegus Almaatensis Pojark Endemic in Kazakhstan","authors":"E. Bekbolatova, N. V. Kurbatova, Z. Sakipova, L. Ibragimova, Saltanat I. Alpysbayeva, A. Kabdenova, W. Kukuła-Koch, F. Boylan","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33737","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of anatomic-morphological examination of vegetative (leaves) and generative (flowers, fruits) organs of the endemic plant Crataegus almaatensis Pojark – family Rosaceae, growing in the foothills of Ile Alatau mountains, Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The plant Crataegus almaatensis Pojark was examined during the phenological phase of flowering and fruit ripening periods. The macroscopic and microscopic diagnostic features were established, which will allow for the standardization of this herbal plant in order to ensure its quality, safety, and efficacy and to avoid adulteration, misuse in the process of medicines’ preparation on its basis. For the first time significant diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features of the dried vegetative and generative organs of Crataegus almaatensis Pojark were described in detail. Currently not much is known about this species and this manuscript brings the information which are studied for the first time, according to the authors’ knowledge.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42897153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.88539.1447
Fariba Golbaz, S. Zarei, F. Garakani, F. Mojab
Using plants and natural products as medicine is increasing every day. The reason might be a tendency that the societies mostly have toward natural and original products especially natural drugs. Essential oilsare referred to aromatic composition which is found in different parts of a plant and can be used for different remedial and hygienic purposes. One of the plants which have been used a lot in folk medicine is Arctium lappa. This study is aimed at identifying the composition of its root and leaf essential oils. The essential oils from the roots and leaves of A. lappa (Asteraceae), which was collected from Mashhad (Farms of Agriculture School, Ferdowsi University), was extracted by hydrodistillation and then the composition was determined by GC/MS. Totally, 31 and 57 components (92.4 and 93.2% of essential oils of root and leaf) were identified, respectively. The root oil contains mainly 1, 3cyclo-octadiene (33.2%), E-caryophllene (6.8%), β-selinene (5.6%) and 9, 10-dehydro-isolongifolene (5.5%), whilst β-Thujone (11.6%), Caryophyllene oxide (8.3%), Cuminaldehyde (7.7%), Comphor (5.3%), DihydroEdulan II (5.3%), β -ionone (4.7%) and α- Thujone (3.4%) were major components in the leaf oil. Identification of the components was based on comparison of their mass spectra with standards. The chemical composition of essential oils from the herbs is being reported for the first time in Iran.
{"title":"The Essential oil Composition of Arctium lappa Root and Leaf","authors":"Fariba Golbaz, S. Zarei, F. Garakani, F. Mojab","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.88539.1447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.88539.1447","url":null,"abstract":"Using plants and natural products as medicine is increasing every day. The reason might be a tendency that the societies mostly have toward natural and original products especially natural drugs. Essential oilsare referred to aromatic composition which is found in different parts of a plant and can be used for different remedial and hygienic purposes. One of the plants which have been used a lot in folk medicine is Arctium lappa. This study is aimed at identifying the composition of its root and leaf essential oils. The essential oils from the roots and leaves of A. lappa (Asteraceae), which was collected from Mashhad (Farms of Agriculture School, Ferdowsi University), was extracted by hydrodistillation and then the composition was determined by GC/MS. Totally, 31 and 57 components (92.4 and 93.2% of essential oils of root and leaf) were identified, respectively. The root oil contains mainly 1, 3cyclo-octadiene (33.2%), E-caryophllene (6.8%), β-selinene (5.6%) and 9, 10-dehydro-isolongifolene (5.5%), whilst β-Thujone (11.6%), Caryophyllene oxide (8.3%), Cuminaldehyde (7.7%), Comphor (5.3%), DihydroEdulan II (5.3%), β -ionone (4.7%) and α- Thujone (3.4%) were major components in the leaf oil. Identification of the components was based on comparison of their mass spectra with standards. The chemical composition of essential oils from the herbs is being reported for the first time in Iran.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46996430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33741
Zeena Husseina, A. Al-zubaidy, H. Sahib
The Anti-angiogenic Activity of Phoenix dactylifera seeds methanol extract in vivo study Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify the antiangiogenic activity of Phoenix dactylifera seeds methanolic extract in vivo and the probable anti-angiogenic mechanism of action. The date seeds were extracted with methanol using cold method, the crude extract was tested on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as an in vivo anti-angiogenic assay. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS analysis. The results showed significant inhibition of blood vessels growth, while the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of different chemicals including phenolic compounds, terpene, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols and others. From the data above the mechanism of action may relate to the presence of the above named compounds, as they have direct perturbing action on blood vessels and prevent cell proliferation of endothelial cells growth via their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
{"title":"The Anti-angiogenic Activity of Phoenix dactylifera seeds Methanol Extract in vivo study","authors":"Zeena Husseina, A. Al-zubaidy, H. Sahib","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33741","url":null,"abstract":"The Anti-angiogenic Activity of Phoenix dactylifera seeds methanol extract in vivo study Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify the antiangiogenic activity of Phoenix dactylifera seeds methanolic extract in vivo and the probable anti-angiogenic mechanism of action. The date seeds were extracted with methanol using cold method, the crude extract was tested on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as an in vivo anti-angiogenic assay. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS analysis. The results showed significant inhibition of blood vessels growth, while the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of different chemicals including phenolic compounds, terpene, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols and others. From the data above the mechanism of action may relate to the presence of the above named compounds, as they have direct perturbing action on blood vessels and prevent cell proliferation of endothelial cells growth via their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43165096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33739
A. Farahani, H. Rasekh, S. Najafi, Farimah Rahimi, M. Akbari, Faegheh Salehnia, Homan Hemati, Fatemeh Jajali
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. There are variety of plans and strategies to treatment and prevention of CVD. Medicines have significant role to reach the goals. Ensuring Affordability of medicines is very crucial to success in these programs. The impoverishment method which focuses on the impoverishing effect of the purchasing of medicines is one the most popular methods to quantifying affordability of medicines. We applied this method to measure affordability of cardiovascular medicines in Iran. We used two poverty lines 1.25 USD and 2 USD per day which are recommended by World Bank to access the affordability of medicines. Mono therapy with one anti platelet, beta blocker, ACE inhibitor and statin as well as combination therapy have been determined. Our study highlighted that the poorest households in Iran would be at risk of pushing under poverty line because of price of the medicines.
{"title":"Evaluation of affordability and impoverishment effect of cardiovascular medicines in Iran","authors":"A. Farahani, H. Rasekh, S. Najafi, Farimah Rahimi, M. Akbari, Faegheh Salehnia, Homan Hemati, Fatemeh Jajali","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33739","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. There are variety of plans and strategies to treatment and prevention of CVD. Medicines have significant role to reach the goals. Ensuring Affordability of medicines is very crucial to success in these programs. The impoverishment method which focuses on the impoverishing effect of the purchasing of medicines is one the most popular methods to quantifying affordability of medicines. We applied this method to measure affordability of cardiovascular medicines in Iran. We used two poverty lines 1.25 USD and 2 USD per day which are recommended by World Bank to access the affordability of medicines. Mono therapy with one anti platelet, beta blocker, ACE inhibitor and statin as well as combination therapy have been determined. Our study highlighted that the poorest households in Iran would be at risk of pushing under poverty line because of price of the medicines.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43392808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33691
H. Danafar
Purpose: Enalapril maleate (EPM), was used for hypertension and congestive heart failure. In this way, an innovative delivery system with mPEG–PCL was synthesized and the release profile of the EPM from the drug-loaded polymersomes was evaluated. Methods: Di-block methoxy)-poly (ethylene glycol) - Poly (caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) copolymers were synthesized and used to prepare of polymersomes for controlled release of EPM as hydrophilic model drug. MPEG-PCL copolymer was characterized in vitro by HNMR, FTIR, DSC and GPC techniques. The resulting polymersomes were characterized further by various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The results of TEM shows the polymersomes formed had spherical structure and the size of nanoparticles is 80 nm. The loading and encapsulation efficiency of EPM were determinate by HPLC at 215 nm with loading and encapsulation efficiency 19.8% ± 2.12% and 85.6% ± 1.26%, respectively. Study on DSC results exposed strong interaction between EPM and copolymer. In vitro release of EPM from polymersomes was clearly sustained in all the time tested for this purpose. The sustained release of drug was hypothetically due to the entrapment of EPM in core of polymersomes. Polymersomes also showed acceptable stability for long periods of time. Conclusion: The results indicate the successful formulation of EPM loaded m-PEG/PCL polymersomes. Overall, the results was showed that m-PEG-PCL polymersomes can be considered as a promising carrier for hydrophilic drugs such as EPM.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of mPEG-PCL copolymers as a polymersomes for delivery of enalapril as a model hydrophilic drug","authors":"H. Danafar","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33691","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Enalapril maleate (EPM), was used for hypertension and congestive heart failure. In this way, an innovative delivery system with mPEG–PCL was synthesized and the release profile of the EPM from the drug-loaded polymersomes was evaluated. Methods: Di-block methoxy)-poly (ethylene glycol) - Poly (caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) copolymers were synthesized and used to prepare of polymersomes for controlled release of EPM as hydrophilic model drug. MPEG-PCL copolymer was characterized in vitro by HNMR, FTIR, DSC and GPC techniques. The resulting polymersomes were characterized further by various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The results of TEM shows the polymersomes formed had spherical structure and the size of nanoparticles is 80 nm. The loading and encapsulation efficiency of EPM were determinate by HPLC at 215 nm with loading and encapsulation efficiency 19.8% ± 2.12% and 85.6% ± 1.26%, respectively. Study on DSC results exposed strong interaction between EPM and copolymer. In vitro release of EPM from polymersomes was clearly sustained in all the time tested for this purpose. The sustained release of drug was hypothetically due to the entrapment of EPM in core of polymersomes. Polymersomes also showed acceptable stability for long periods of time. Conclusion: The results indicate the successful formulation of EPM loaded m-PEG/PCL polymersomes. Overall, the results was showed that m-PEG-PCL polymersomes can be considered as a promising carrier for hydrophilic drugs such as EPM.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47902292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33684
A. Ebrahimi, Hosein Jafferi, S. Habibian, S. Lotfalian
Nowadays silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as antimicrobial due to its well known physical, chemical, and biological properties. A large collection of bacterial cells adhering to a surface is called bacterial biofilm. Exposure to silver nano particles (AgNPs) may prevent colonization of new bacteria onto the biofilm. In the present work, we have investigated whether the biofilm formation of some hospital isolates of pathogenic bacteria can be influenced by AgNPs. Also we examined the susceptibility of the isolates to some antibiotics in combination with AgNPs. Standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, in addition to nine hospital isolates for each species were used. Tube double serial dilution method for determination of MIC of AgNPs against isolates was performed. Biofilm formation was evaluated by end smooth 96 cells micro titer plates. A disc diffusion method was used to assay the various antibiotics and combinations for bactericidal activity against the isolates. Mean MICs of AgNPs for Ps. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. faecalis and S. aureus were 3.125, 6.25, 6.25 and 12.5 ug/mL. respectively. AgNPs exhibited more than % 90 inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of the examined species. The results showed that AgNPs have strong anti bacterial and anti biofilm activity against the examined pathogens. Synergistic effects of AgNPs in combination with gentamicin, kanamycine, cephalosporin and penicillin were observed in different cases. Ps. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed more sensitivity (increase in fold) to examined antibiotics plus AgNPs compared to A. baumannii and E. faecalis. Our results demonstrated that AgNPs showing promising anti biofilm activity on hospital isolates of Ps. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. faecalis and S. aureus. The study also showed a possible combination of examined antibiotics with AgNPs which concluded as synergism.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti biofilm and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Against some Nosocomial Pathogens","authors":"A. Ebrahimi, Hosein Jafferi, S. Habibian, S. Lotfalian","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33684","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as antimicrobial due to its well known physical, chemical, and biological properties. A large collection of bacterial cells adhering to a surface is called bacterial biofilm. Exposure to silver nano particles (AgNPs) may prevent colonization of new bacteria onto the biofilm. In the present work, we have investigated whether the biofilm formation of some hospital isolates of pathogenic bacteria can be influenced by AgNPs. Also we examined the susceptibility of the isolates to some antibiotics in combination with AgNPs. Standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, in addition to nine hospital isolates for each species were used. Tube double serial dilution method for determination of MIC of AgNPs against isolates was performed. Biofilm formation was evaluated by end smooth 96 cells micro titer plates. A disc diffusion method was used to assay the various antibiotics and combinations for bactericidal activity against the isolates. Mean MICs of AgNPs for Ps. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. faecalis and S. aureus were 3.125, 6.25, 6.25 and 12.5 ug/mL. respectively. AgNPs exhibited more than % 90 inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of the examined species. The results showed that AgNPs have strong anti bacterial and anti biofilm activity against the examined pathogens. Synergistic effects of AgNPs in combination with gentamicin, kanamycine, cephalosporin and penicillin were observed in different cases. Ps. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed more sensitivity (increase in fold) to examined antibiotics plus AgNPs compared to A. baumannii and E. faecalis. Our results demonstrated that AgNPs showing promising anti biofilm activity on hospital isolates of Ps. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. faecalis and S. aureus. The study also showed a possible combination of examined antibiotics with AgNPs which concluded as synergism.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44523429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33738
S. Utami, R. Ratnawati, I. Wiyasa
Cigarette smoke contains around 4000 chemical substances including free radicals and carcinogens, which are xenobiotic agents in the body, affecting the reproductive system. Purple sweet potatoes contain the color pigment anthocyanin. The purple color pigment (anthocyanin) in purple sweet potatoes is a beneficial antioxidant because it can react with free radicals that can cause damage in the body. The goal of the research was to understand the effects of purple variety sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L) anthocyanin on the expression of estrogen receptor-α in the endometrium and endometrium thickness on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. The White rats used for the 5 groups were 30 white rats. Exposure to cigarette smoke was given at a rate of 2 sticks/day (each cigarette ± 4 minutes), for 8 weeks after the rats were found to be in the proestrus phase. Endometrium thickness was examined and measured using a Dot slide Olympus XC 10 light microscope and the Olyvia software. Expression of ER-α in the endometrium was measured by using the antibody ER-α (C-311) SC-787 and the immunohistochemistry and calculated by the Immunoratio software. Data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk’s test, t-test and one-way ANOVA (F test). It was found that the average value of ER-α expression in the endometrium for the treatment group given purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin of a dose of 40 mg/Kg BW (15.51 ± 2.65) could increase ER-α expression in the endometrium of female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The average value of endometrium thickness for the treatment group given purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin at a dose of 40 mg/Kg BW (152.51±9.59 µm) showed an increase in the endometrium thickness of female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The dose of purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin that could increase ER-α expression in the endometrium and endometrium thickness of rats exposed to cigarette smoke was a dose of 40 mg/Kg BW. The higher the dose of purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin, the greater the effect on the prevention of the reduction of estrogen receptor-α expression and the prevention of the reduction of endometrium thickness on female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke.
{"title":"Effect of Purple Variety Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Anthocyanin on Expression of Estrogen Receptor-Α and Endometrium Thickness on Uterus of Female White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke","authors":"S. Utami, R. Ratnawati, I. Wiyasa","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33738","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke contains around 4000 chemical substances including free radicals and carcinogens, which are xenobiotic agents in the body, affecting the reproductive system. Purple sweet potatoes contain the color pigment anthocyanin. The purple color pigment (anthocyanin) in purple sweet potatoes is a beneficial antioxidant because it can react with free radicals that can cause damage in the body. The goal of the research was to understand the effects of purple variety sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L) anthocyanin on the expression of estrogen receptor-α in the endometrium and endometrium thickness on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. The White rats used for the 5 groups were 30 white rats. Exposure to cigarette smoke was given at a rate of 2 sticks/day (each cigarette ± 4 minutes), for 8 weeks after the rats were found to be in the proestrus phase. Endometrium thickness was examined and measured using a Dot slide Olympus XC 10 light microscope and the Olyvia software. Expression of ER-α in the endometrium was measured by using the antibody ER-α (C-311) SC-787 and the immunohistochemistry and calculated by the Immunoratio software. Data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk’s test, t-test and one-way ANOVA (F test). It was found that the average value of ER-α expression in the endometrium for the treatment group given purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin of a dose of 40 mg/Kg BW (15.51 ± 2.65) could increase ER-α expression in the endometrium of female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The average value of endometrium thickness for the treatment group given purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin at a dose of 40 mg/Kg BW (152.51±9.59 µm) showed an increase in the endometrium thickness of female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The dose of purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin that could increase ER-α expression in the endometrium and endometrium thickness of rats exposed to cigarette smoke was a dose of 40 mg/Kg BW. The higher the dose of purple variety sweet potato anthocyanin, the greater the effect on the prevention of the reduction of estrogen receptor-α expression and the prevention of the reduction of endometrium thickness on female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48190700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.33742
A. Pajoumand, T. Alinia, Arezou Mahdavinejad, H. Talaie
Puzzling situation of acetaminophen toxicity in a referral hospital, Tehran, Iran Acetaminophen carries a higher risk of overdose. A puzzling situation of acetaminophen toxicity was encouraging enough to explore the epidemiologic situation of acetaminophen toxicity and its outcomes among patients acquired poisoning. This cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 185 patients with acetaminophen poisoning referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital. Toxicity determined by acetaminophen serum concentration and time elapsed after drug ingestion. Demographics, laboratory markers, toxic hepatitis, renal failures and liver enzyme elevations were compared between toxic and non-toxic patients. Twelve cases belonged to the former group and 173 patients fitted with the latter one. Having a mean age of 24.27±7.19 and 21.58±3.47 years, respectively; females were predominant. The average serum acetaminophen level was 70.37±61.92 and 24.90±26.36 within toxic and nontoxic patients respectively. Median of consumed tablets were estimated as 40 for non-toxic and 18 for toxic patients (p=0.017). Mean hospital stay was 1.75±1.05 days for toxic patients and 1.35±3.25 days for the non-toxic group (p-value<0.001), and of whom 92.4 % discharged within the first day. The laboratory assessments revealed no significant difference between groups. No death was recorded. Whereas hepatotoxicity was present in three toxic patients, renal failure was predominant in non-toxic patients. Rarely, a rise in liver enzyme noticed, however, 33.33 % of toxic and 2.31 % of the non-toxic group had elevated AST; and 33.33 % of toxic versus 1.73 % percent of non-toxic patients had increased ALT. Acetaminophen toxicity is a worldwide noteworthy cause of poisoning which has distinct mortality and morbidity rates and showed an amazing and undebatable poisoning effect in the present study. A comprehensive study is required to examine the possible reasons for the difference between Iranian acetaminophen products with other non-Iranian company products. Keywords: Acetaminophen; Hepatotoxicity; Poisoning; Renal failure; Toxicity; Iranian
{"title":"Puzzling situation of acetaminophen toxicity in a referral hospital, Tehran, Iran","authors":"A. Pajoumand, T. Alinia, Arezou Mahdavinejad, H. Talaie","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.33742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.33742","url":null,"abstract":"Puzzling situation of acetaminophen toxicity in a referral hospital, Tehran, Iran Acetaminophen carries a higher risk of overdose. A puzzling situation of acetaminophen toxicity was encouraging enough to explore the epidemiologic situation of acetaminophen toxicity and its outcomes among patients acquired poisoning. This cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 185 patients with acetaminophen poisoning referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital. Toxicity determined by acetaminophen serum concentration and time elapsed after drug ingestion. Demographics, laboratory markers, toxic hepatitis, renal failures and liver enzyme elevations were compared between toxic and non-toxic patients. Twelve cases belonged to the former group and 173 patients fitted with the latter one. Having a mean age of 24.27±7.19 and 21.58±3.47 years, respectively; females were predominant. The average serum acetaminophen level was 70.37±61.92 and 24.90±26.36 within toxic and nontoxic patients respectively. Median of consumed tablets were estimated as 40 for non-toxic and 18 for toxic patients (p=0.017). Mean hospital stay was 1.75±1.05 days for toxic patients and 1.35±3.25 days for the non-toxic group (p-value<0.001), and of whom 92.4 % discharged within the first day. The laboratory assessments revealed no significant difference between groups. No death was recorded. Whereas hepatotoxicity was present in three toxic patients, renal failure was predominant in non-toxic patients. Rarely, a rise in liver enzyme noticed, however, 33.33 % of toxic and 2.31 % of the non-toxic group had elevated AST; and 33.33 % of toxic versus 1.73 % percent of non-toxic patients had increased ALT. Acetaminophen toxicity is a worldwide noteworthy cause of poisoning which has distinct mortality and morbidity rates and showed an amazing and undebatable poisoning effect in the present study. A comprehensive study is required to examine the possible reasons for the difference between Iranian acetaminophen products with other non-Iranian company products. Keywords: Acetaminophen; Hepatotoxicity; Poisoning; Renal failure; Toxicity; Iranian","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47428996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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