Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16457881164562
S. Arkan-Ozdemir, N. Cansever, E. Ilhan‐Sungur
Lozenge-patterned (LP) surface obtained with laser texturing can reduce the risk of infection by preventing/delaying the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. To investigate this aspect, the biofilm formation ability of E. coli on both LP and untreated surfaces of 630 stainless steel was examined over 48 h. Biofilm on the coupons was analyzed for bacterial enumeration and total carbohydrates concentration, and also was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The surface modification by texturing caused a 6 h delay in the attachment of E. coli, and an approximately 99% decrease in the number of adhered bacteria was determined at the end. However, it was determined that E. coli produced more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (p<0.01) to attach to the LP surface and formed a multi-layered biofilm. In conclusion, LP surface can be recommended regarding the bacterial count and the delay in attachment, but the increased amount of EPS limits its use.
{"title":"Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli on Hydrophobic Steel Surface Provided by Laser-Texturing","authors":"S. Arkan-Ozdemir, N. Cansever, E. Ilhan‐Sungur","doi":"10.1595/205651322x16457881164562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322x16457881164562","url":null,"abstract":"Lozenge-patterned (LP) surface obtained with laser texturing can reduce the risk of infection by preventing/delaying the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. To investigate this aspect, the biofilm formation ability of E. coli on both LP and untreated surfaces of 630 stainless steel was examined over 48 h. Biofilm on the coupons was analyzed for bacterial enumeration and total carbohydrates concentration, and also was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The surface modification by texturing caused a 6 h delay in the attachment of E. coli, and an approximately 99% decrease in the number of adhered bacteria was determined at the end. However, it was determined that E. coli produced more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (p<0.01) to attach to the LP surface and formed a multi-layered biofilm. In conclusion, LP surface can be recommended regarding the bacterial count and the delay in attachment, but the increased amount of EPS limits its use.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16685352825345
Patrick Munyensanga, Meriame Bricha, K. El Mabrouk
Coating surfaces with bioactive glass was identified as depositing fine bioactive glasses on biomaterial substrates. Cobalt chrome (Co-Cr) was a viable alternative to stainless steel for long-term applications with superior ductility. Their mechanical properties are explained with high-strength biomaterials for elastic models of 220 to 2300 GPa, more significant than the 30 GPa of bones. The goal of combining metals and bioactive glass has resulted in high biocompatibility and improved bioactivity of the implant’s surface. In addition, it triggers new bone tissue to regenerate throughout osteogenesis and mineralization. However, implantation failure still occurs and requires surgery revision due to a lack of adequate bone bonding and delamination at the coat’s surface layer of the implant. The current review summarizes the coating's adhesion between bioactive glass and Co-Cr substrate applied through Electrophoretic deposition (EPD).
{"title":"Recent Developments of Bioactive Glass Electrophoretically Coated Cobalt Chromium Metallic Implants","authors":"Patrick Munyensanga, Meriame Bricha, K. El Mabrouk","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16685352825345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16685352825345","url":null,"abstract":"Coating surfaces with bioactive glass was identified as depositing fine bioactive glasses on biomaterial substrates. Cobalt chrome (Co-Cr) was a viable alternative to stainless steel for long-term applications with superior ductility. Their mechanical properties are explained with high-strength biomaterials for elastic models of 220 to 2300 GPa, more significant than the 30 GPa of bones. The goal of combining metals and bioactive glass has resulted in high biocompatibility and improved bioactivity of the implant’s surface. In addition, it triggers new bone tissue to regenerate throughout osteogenesis and mineralization. However, implantation failure still occurs and requires surgery revision due to a lack of adequate bone bonding and delamination at the coat’s surface layer of the implant. The current review summarizes the coating's adhesion between bioactive glass and Co-Cr substrate applied through Electrophoretic deposition (EPD).","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16703459968311
H. Macpherson, Toby Hodges, Moyahabo Hellen Chuma, Connor Sherwin, Urša Podbevšek, Katie Rigg, V. Celorrio, A. Russell, E. C. Corbos
This is Part II of a focused review of recent highlights in the literature in cathode development for low temperature electrochemical carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide reduction to multi-carbon (C2+) products. Part I (1) introduced the role of CO2 reduction in decarbonising the chemical industry and described the catalysts and modelling approaches. Part II describes in situ characterisation to improve the understanding and development of catalysts, the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.
{"title":"Cathodes for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products: Part II","authors":"H. Macpherson, Toby Hodges, Moyahabo Hellen Chuma, Connor Sherwin, Urša Podbevšek, Katie Rigg, V. Celorrio, A. Russell, E. C. Corbos","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16703459968311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16703459968311","url":null,"abstract":"This is Part II of a focused review of recent highlights in the literature in cathode development for low temperature electrochemical carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide reduction to multi-carbon (C2+) products. Part I (1) introduced the role of CO2 reduction in decarbonising the chemical industry and described the catalysts and modelling approaches. Part II describes in situ characterisation to improve the understanding and development of catalysts, the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16594453018855
Joe Staddon, Joost Smit, Zinovia Skoufa, David Watson
As the chemicals industry transitions towards a net zero future, rapid assessment of the sustainability metrics of different process results will be essential to support investment decisions in innovation and deployment. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) offers the gold standard for process assessment, but LCA can take weeks or months to complete, with incomplete databases and inflexibility in comparing different chemical pathways.In this study, we demonstrate an alternative and complementary methodology. By simplifying the metrics used to describe chemical processes, each process may be linked to another by its feedstocks and products. This generates a network of the chemical industry, which may be investigated using graph theory principles. A case study of the plastics industry is provided, using publicly available information to quantitively compare with a more formalised and detailed LCA approach.This methodology proves useful for quickly estimating the carbon intensity and water footprint of thousands of routes. Further development, such as including Scope 3 emissions and additional industrial data, may further improve the methodology.
{"title":"Chemical Networks: A Methodology to Rapidly Assess the Environmental Impact of Chemical Processes","authors":"Joe Staddon, Joost Smit, Zinovia Skoufa, David Watson","doi":"10.1595/205651322x16594453018855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322x16594453018855","url":null,"abstract":"As the chemicals industry transitions towards a net zero future, rapid assessment of the sustainability metrics of different process results will be essential to support investment decisions in innovation and deployment. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) offers the gold standard for process assessment, but LCA can take weeks or months to complete, with incomplete databases and inflexibility in comparing different chemical pathways.In this study, we demonstrate an alternative and complementary methodology. By simplifying the metrics used to describe chemical processes, each process may be linked to another by its feedstocks and products. This generates a network of the chemical industry, which may be investigated using graph theory principles. A case study of the plastics industry is provided, using publicly available information to quantitively compare with a more formalised and detailed LCA approach.This methodology proves useful for quickly estimating the carbon intensity and water footprint of thousands of routes. Further development, such as including Scope 3 emissions and additional industrial data, may further improve the methodology.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16631407131191
P. Styring
“Sustainable Carbon Capture – Technologies and Applications” is a muti-author book edited by Humbul Suleman, Philip Loldrup Fosbøl, Rizwan Nasir and Mariam Ameen, and published in 2022 by CRC Press, part of the Taylor & Francis Group.
{"title":"“Sustainable Carbon Capture – Technologies and Applications”","authors":"P. Styring","doi":"10.1595/205651322x16631407131191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322x16631407131191","url":null,"abstract":"“Sustainable Carbon Capture – Technologies and Applications” is a muti-author book edited by Humbul Suleman, Philip Loldrup Fosbøl, Rizwan Nasir and Mariam Ameen, and published in 2022 by CRC Press, part of the Taylor & Francis Group.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16426780863499
Orcun Toksoz, Ipek Turkmenoglu, D. Berber, P. Çağlayan, M. Birbir, N. C. Sesal
Considering the global economic importance of the leather sector in world trade, overcoming the microbiological problems, especially arise from halophilic bacteria, will greatly reduce product losses. In this study, lichen species including Usnea sp., Platismatia glauca, Ramalina farinacea, Evernia divaricata, Bryoria capillaris, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Lobaria pulmonaria were examined for their antibacterial efficacies against Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus (TR5) and Salinicoccus roseus (KV3) which are proteolytic and lipolytic Gram-positive moderately halophilic bacteria. The extracts of P. glauca, B. capillaris, P. furfuracea, and L. pulmonaria had no antibacterial efficiency against test bacteria. On the other hand, the extracts of H. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usnea sp., and E. divaricata had considerable antibacterial effect with varying percentages of inhibition. The maximum inhibition ratios at the tested concentrations of 240-15 µg/ml for lichen samples of H. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usnea sp, and E. divaricata were detected as 94.72±0.75%, 76.10±1.85%, 99.36±0.04%, 89.49±2.26% for TR5 and 97.44±0.14%, 95.92±0.29%, 97.97±0.39%, 97.58±0.53% for KV3, respectively. The most remarkable suppression was obtained with Usnea sp. extracts against KV3. These results indicate the need for further studies investigating the applicability of these natural resources to control moderately halophilic bacteria in the preservation of raw hides/skins.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibacterial Potencies of Eight Lichen Extracts Against Gram-Positive Moderately Halophilic Bacteria","authors":"Orcun Toksoz, Ipek Turkmenoglu, D. Berber, P. Çağlayan, M. Birbir, N. C. Sesal","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16426780863499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16426780863499","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the global economic importance of the leather sector in world trade, overcoming the microbiological problems, especially arise from halophilic bacteria, will greatly reduce product losses. In this study, lichen species including Usnea sp., Platismatia glauca, Ramalina farinacea, Evernia divaricata, Bryoria capillaris, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Lobaria pulmonaria were examined for their antibacterial efficacies against Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus (TR5) and Salinicoccus roseus (KV3) which are proteolytic and lipolytic Gram-positive moderately halophilic bacteria. The extracts of P. glauca, B. capillaris, P. furfuracea, and L. pulmonaria had no antibacterial efficiency against test bacteria. On the other hand, the extracts of H. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usnea sp., and E. divaricata had considerable antibacterial effect with varying percentages of inhibition. The maximum inhibition ratios at the tested concentrations of 240-15 µg/ml for lichen samples of H. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usnea sp, and E. divaricata were detected as 94.72±0.75%, 76.10±1.85%, 99.36±0.04%, 89.49±2.26% for TR5 and 97.44±0.14%, 95.92±0.29%, 97.97±0.39%, 97.58±0.53% for KV3, respectively. The most remarkable suppression was obtained with Usnea sp. extracts against KV3. These results indicate the need for further studies investigating the applicability of these natural resources to control moderately halophilic bacteria in the preservation of raw hides/skins.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16445069814187
Over the last decade, the term ‘digital transformation’ has become prevalent across a wide variety of organisations. It refers to converting existing manual processes to create a more efficient and agile business environment. In 2018, >70% of organisations were reported as having a digital strategy or working to implement one (1). Johnson Matthey has established both key innovation programmes and the Digital Johnson Matthey programme to bridge between IT and the business to deliver ‘digital spearhead’ initiatives to meet this goal.
{"title":"Guest Editorial: The Digitalisation of Data at Johnson Matthey","authors":"","doi":"10.1595/205651322x16445069814187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322x16445069814187","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the term ‘digital transformation’ has become prevalent across a wide variety of organisations. It refers to converting existing manual processes to create a more efficient and agile business environment. In 2018, >70% of organisations were reported as having a digital strategy or working to implement one (1). Johnson Matthey has established both key innovation programmes and the Digital Johnson Matthey programme to bridge between IT and the business to deliver ‘digital spearhead’ initiatives to meet this goal.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16684366635676
G. Kartal
Fabrics with water-repellent properties are always highly preferred structures in the textile industry. It is a known fact that fluorocarbon compounds, which are widely used for this purpose, are quite harmful to the environment. Therefore, within the scope of this study, a water repellent chemical that does not contain fluorocarbon compounds was treated to 100% cotton fabrics and compared with fluorocarbon compounds. As a result of the analyzes, it has been seen that the environmentally friendly chemical is at least as effective as the fluorocarbon compounds. According to the spray test, a water repellency at ISO 5 level was obtained. In addition, the fabrics' high water vapor permeability, air permeability and low bending stiffness (280 mg.cm) were given effective results in terms of usage properties. This has yielded very important results in terms of sustainability and eliminating the use of fluorocarbons in ecological terms.
{"title":"Investigation of the Usage Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Water-Repellent Chemicals on Cotton Fabrics","authors":"G. Kartal","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16684366635676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16684366635676","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrics with water-repellent properties are always highly preferred structures in the textile industry. It is a known fact that fluorocarbon compounds, which are widely used for this purpose, are quite harmful to the environment. Therefore, within the scope of this study, a water repellent chemical that does not contain fluorocarbon compounds was treated to 100% cotton fabrics and compared with fluorocarbon compounds. As a result of the analyzes, it has been seen that the environmentally friendly chemical is at least as effective as the fluorocarbon compounds. According to the spray test, a water repellency at ISO 5 level was obtained. In addition, the fabrics' high water vapor permeability, air permeability and low bending stiffness (280 mg.cm) were given effective results in terms of usage properties. This has yielded very important results in terms of sustainability and eliminating the use of fluorocarbons in ecological terms.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16379426836838
J. Matthey
Before joining Johnson Matthey, Tuğçe Eralp Erden was a Marie Curie PhD student at the University of Reading, UK, studying model chiral adsorption systems using synchrotron-based structural and spectroscopic techniques (1–5). After completing her PhD, she joined the advanced characterisation department at Johnson Matthey, Sonning Common, UK, where she is currently leading the surface spectroscopy team.
{"title":"In the Lab: Spotlight on Surface Characterisation Activities at Johnson Matthey","authors":"J. Matthey","doi":"10.1595/205651322x16379426836838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322x16379426836838","url":null,"abstract":"Before joining Johnson Matthey, Tuğçe Eralp Erden was a Marie Curie PhD student at the University of Reading, UK, studying model chiral adsorption systems using synchrotron-based structural and spectroscopic techniques (1–5). After completing her PhD, she joined the advanced characterisation department at Johnson Matthey, Sonning Common, UK, where she is currently leading the surface spectroscopy team.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16499427403168
It has come to our attention that there was an error in the attribution of the brand name in a recently published article (1) as follows.
我们注意到，在最近发表的一篇文章(1)中，品牌名称的归属有一个错误，具体如下。
{"title":"Errattum: Data-Driven Modelling of a Pelleting Process and Prediction of Pellet Physical Properties","authors":"","doi":"10.1595/205651322x16499427403168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322x16499427403168","url":null,"abstract":"It has come to our attention that there was an error in the attribution of the brand name in a recently published article (1) as follows.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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