Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16843361771150
Kimberley C. Dodds, C. McKenna, B. Domínguez, Andrew L. Lawrence, D. Campopiano
Chiral amines are important building blocks in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industries. There is a drive to augment traditional transition metal catalysts with green alternatives such as biocatalysts. Transaminase (TA) biocatalysts can be used in combination with "smart" sacrificial amine donors to synthesise a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. Despite their enormous potential, the unfavourable reaction equilibrium often limits the widespread application of TAs for industrial synthesis. Recently we disclosed a new biomimetic amine donor N-phenyl putrescine (NPP), which was inspired by the biosynthesis of the dipyrroloquinoline alkaloids. NPP was demonstrated to have good activity with a library of commercial and wild-type TAs (total 25 TAs). This work focused on exploring the use of NPP with the Johnson Matthey TA kit (17 biocatalysts; 8 S-selective and 9 R-selective) and three different amine acceptors (vanillin, benzaldehyde and acetophenone). NPP worked well with all 17 TAs and gave the corresponding amine products vanillylamine, benzylamine and methylbenzylamine in up to 85% HPLC yield. From the screen, STA-14 was identified as a good biocatalyst for further analysis and used in a comparative screen of NPP versus the commonly used donor iPrNH2. It was found that NPP was the best amine donor and used to prepare S-methylbenzylamine in >99.5% e.e. This work, combined with our previous study, highlights the potential of NPP in the biocatalytic synthesis of amines.
{"title":"Amine Synthesis Using the Amine Donor N-Phenyl Putrescine (NPP) and the Johnson Matthey Transaminase Biocatalyst Library","authors":"Kimberley C. Dodds, C. McKenna, B. Domínguez, Andrew L. Lawrence, D. Campopiano","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16843361771150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16843361771150","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral amines are important building blocks in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industries. There is a drive to augment traditional transition metal catalysts with green alternatives such as biocatalysts. Transaminase (TA) biocatalysts can be used in combination with \"smart\" sacrificial amine donors to synthesise a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. Despite their enormous potential, the unfavourable reaction equilibrium often limits the widespread application of TAs for industrial synthesis. Recently we disclosed a new biomimetic amine donor N-phenyl putrescine (NPP), which was inspired by the biosynthesis of the dipyrroloquinoline alkaloids. NPP was demonstrated to have good activity with a library of commercial and wild-type TAs (total 25 TAs). This work focused on exploring the use of NPP with the Johnson Matthey TA kit (17 biocatalysts; 8 S-selective and 9 R-selective) and three different amine acceptors (vanillin, benzaldehyde and acetophenone). NPP worked well with all 17 TAs and gave the corresponding amine products vanillylamine, benzylamine and methylbenzylamine in up to 85% HPLC yield. From the screen, STA-14 was identified as a good biocatalyst for further analysis and used in a comparative screen of NPP versus the commonly used donor iPrNH2. It was found that NPP was the best amine donor and used to prepare S-methylbenzylamine in >99.5% e.e. This work, combined with our previous study, highlights the potential of NPP in the biocatalytic synthesis of amines.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651324x16946999404542
John Humphreys, Shanwen Tao
Green ammonia, produced through renewable energy-powered electrochemical and thermal processes, is emerging as a promising candidate to replace fossil fuel-based ammonia in the fertilizer, transportation, and energy sectors. This paper provides an overview of the production methods, utilisation methods, and technological advancements for green ammonia. The electrochemical production and Haber-Bosch with renewable hydrogen and energy, are discussed in detail highlighting recent material advances. Green ammonia utilisation methods are discussed with direct use cases such as ammonia combustion and direct ammonia fuel cells examined. Green ammonia’s potential as a carbon-free hydrogen carrier is also discussed in regards to ammonia cracking for effective hydrogen recovery. This paper concludes that green ammonia has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a sustainable energy system and offers new opportunities for the fertilizer, transportation, and energy industries.
{"title":"Advancements in Green Ammonia Production and Utilisation Technologies","authors":"John Humphreys, Shanwen Tao","doi":"10.1595/205651324x16946999404542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651324x16946999404542","url":null,"abstract":"Green ammonia, produced through renewable energy-powered electrochemical and thermal processes, is emerging as a promising candidate to replace fossil fuel-based ammonia in the fertilizer, transportation, and energy sectors. This paper provides an overview of the production methods, utilisation methods, and technological advancements for green ammonia. The electrochemical production and Haber-Bosch with renewable hydrogen and energy, are discussed in detail highlighting recent material advances. Green ammonia utilisation methods are discussed with direct use cases such as ammonia combustion and direct ammonia fuel cells examined. Green ammonia’s potential as a carbon-free hydrogen carrier is also discussed in regards to ammonia cracking for effective hydrogen recovery. This paper concludes that green ammonia has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a sustainable energy system and offers new opportunities for the fertilizer, transportation, and energy industries.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651324x16964134291592
Alexander P. Hawkins, Andrea Zachariou, Paul Collier, Russell F. Howe, David Lennon, Stewart F. Parker
Neutron scattering methods (quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS)) have been used to study the reactivity of propene and 1-octene over the acid zeolite catalyst H-ZSM 5. The high activity of the catalyst causes the alkenes to form linear oligomers below room temperature. INS has shown that the reaction proceeds through a hydrogen-bonded intermediate. Studies using propane as an inert analogue for propene have found that the adsorbed C3 molecules spend the majority of their time undergoing short jumps within the pore channels of the zeolite. Hydrothermal de-alumination plays an important role in determining the activity of zeolite catalysts. De-alumination was found to delay the onset of catalytic activity for oligomerization to higher temperatures and increase the mobility of hydrocarbons within the zeolite, both due to reduced acid-hydrocarbon interactions.
{"title":"Inelastic Neutron Scattering Studies of Propene and 1-Octene Oligomerisation in HZSM-5","authors":"Alexander P. Hawkins, Andrea Zachariou, Paul Collier, Russell F. Howe, David Lennon, Stewart F. Parker","doi":"10.1595/205651324x16964134291592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651324x16964134291592","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron scattering methods (quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS)) have been used to study the reactivity of propene and 1-octene over the acid zeolite catalyst H-ZSM 5. The high activity of the catalyst causes the alkenes to form linear oligomers below room temperature. INS has shown that the reaction proceeds through a hydrogen-bonded intermediate. Studies using propane as an inert analogue for propene have found that the adsorbed C3 molecules spend the majority of their time undergoing short jumps within the pore channels of the zeolite. Hydrothermal de-alumination plays an important role in determining the activity of zeolite catalysts. De-alumination was found to delay the onset of catalytic activity for oligomerization to higher temperatures and increase the mobility of hydrocarbons within the zeolite, both due to reduced acid-hydrocarbon interactions.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16806845172690
Kathleen L. Dunbar, S. Hingley-Wilson, J. Keddie
Hydrogen offers a source of energy that does not produce any greenhouse gas when combusted. However, some manufacturing methods of hydrogen consume large amounts of energy and produce carbon dioxide as a by-product. The production of hydrogen by bacteria is an attractive alternative, because it is not energy intensive and - under the right conditions - does not release greenhouse gases. In this review, we introduce the five known ways by which bacteria can evolve hydrogen. We then describe methods to encapsulate living bacteria in synthetic layers, called coatings, for applications in bioreactors. We review the few examples in which biocoatings have been used to produce hydrogen via the photo-fermentation method. Although not used in biocoatings so far, the dark fermentation method of hydrogen production avoids the need for illumination while offering a high yield with low oxygen evolution. We identify the potential for using genetically-modified bacteria in future research on biocoatings.
{"title":"Microbial Production of Hydrogen","authors":"Kathleen L. Dunbar, S. Hingley-Wilson, J. Keddie","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16806845172690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16806845172690","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen offers a source of energy that does not produce any greenhouse gas when combusted. However, some manufacturing methods of hydrogen consume large amounts of energy and produce carbon dioxide as a by-product. The production of hydrogen by bacteria is an attractive alternative, because it is not energy intensive and - under the right conditions - does not release greenhouse gases. In this review, we introduce the five known ways by which bacteria can evolve hydrogen. We then describe methods to encapsulate living bacteria in synthetic layers, called coatings, for applications in bioreactors. We review the few examples in which biocoatings have been used to produce hydrogen via the photo-fermentation method. Although not used in biocoatings so far, the dark fermentation method of hydrogen production avoids the need for illumination while offering a high yield with low oxygen evolution. We identify the potential for using genetically-modified bacteria in future research on biocoatings.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16848455435118
J. Murawski, S. Scott, Reshma R. Rao, Katie Rigg, C. Zalitis, James Stevens, J. Sharman, G. Hinds, I. Stephens
State-of-the-art proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers employ iridium-based catalysts to facilitate oxygen evolution at the anode. To enable scale-up of the technology to the terawatt level, further improvements in the iridium utilisation are needed, without incurring additional overpotential losses or reducing the device lifetime. The research community has only recently started to attempt systematic benchmarking of catalyst stability. Short term electrochemical methods alone are insufficient to predict catalyst degradation; they can both underestimate and overestimate catalyst durability. Complementary techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry, are required to provide more reliable assessment of the amount of catalyst lost through dissolution. Herein, we critically review the state of the art in probing degradation of iridium-based oxide catalysts. We also highlight considerations and best practices for the investigation of activity and stability of oxygen evolution catalysts via short term testing.
{"title":"Benchmarking Stability of IrOx in Acidic Media under O2 Evolution Conditions: A Review","authors":"J. Murawski, S. Scott, Reshma R. Rao, Katie Rigg, C. Zalitis, James Stevens, J. Sharman, G. Hinds, I. Stephens","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16848455435118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16848455435118","url":null,"abstract":"State-of-the-art proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers employ iridium-based catalysts to facilitate oxygen evolution at the anode. To enable scale-up of the technology to the terawatt level, further improvements in the iridium utilisation are needed, without incurring additional overpotential losses or reducing the device lifetime. The research community has only recently started to attempt systematic benchmarking of catalyst stability. Short term electrochemical methods alone are insufficient to predict catalyst degradation; they can both underestimate and overestimate catalyst durability. Complementary techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry, are required to provide more reliable assessment of the amount of catalyst lost through dissolution. Herein, we critically review the state of the art in probing degradation of iridium-based oxide catalysts. We also highlight considerations and best practices for the investigation of activity and stability of oxygen evolution catalysts via short term testing.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16859589078188
Yue Shen, Yanting Xu, Jun Gan, Renyao Zhang, M. Wen
Ruthenium (Ru) targets prepared by vacuum hot pressing of Ru powder with different morphologies. Then Ru films were deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrate for different times by RF magnetron sputtering. The relationship in terms of the microstructure and electrical properties between Ru targets and resultant films at different conditions were studied by means of FESEM, XRD, AFM, four probe and so on. The results showed that parameters of Ru films, such as the average deposition rate, surface roughness, crystallization properties and the growth rate were directly related to the homogeneity of the microstructure of the Ru targets, but there was no correlation between the crystal orientations of the films and the targets. Moreover, the resistivity of Ru films was positively correlated with that of Ru targets.
{"title":"Effect of Ru targets on the growth and electrical properties of sputtering Ru films","authors":"Yue Shen, Yanting Xu, Jun Gan, Renyao Zhang, M. Wen","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16859589078188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16859589078188","url":null,"abstract":"Ruthenium (Ru) targets prepared by vacuum hot pressing of Ru powder with different morphologies. Then Ru films were deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrate for different times by RF magnetron sputtering. The relationship in terms of the microstructure and electrical properties between Ru targets and resultant films at different conditions were studied by means of FESEM, XRD, AFM, four probe and so on. The results showed that parameters of Ru films, such as the average deposition rate, surface roughness, crystallization properties and the growth rate were directly related to the homogeneity of the microstructure of the Ru targets, but there was no correlation between the crystal orientations of the films and the targets. Moreover, the resistivity of Ru films was positively correlated with that of Ru targets.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16902884637568
Anurag Singh, Devraj Singh
The elastic, mechanical, thermophysical and ultrasonic properties of platinum group metal (PGM) carbides XC (X: Rh, Pd, Ir) have been investigated at room temperature. The Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential model has been used to compute second and third order elastic constants (SOECs and TOECs) at 0K and 300K. The obtained values of SOECs are used to evaluate the mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Pugh’s indicator, Zener anisotropic constant and Poisson’s ratio at room temperature. The materials show the brittle nature as the value of Pugh’s indicator for PGM carbides has been achieved less than or nearly equal to 1.75. Again the values of SOECs are used to compute the ultrasonic velocities along <100>, <110> and <111> directions for the longitudinal and shear modes of wave propagation. Further the values of Debye temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat per unit volume, energy density, average value of ultrasonic Grüneisen parameter, thermal relaxation time, non-linear parameter have been calculated with the help of SOECs, TOECs, ultrasonic velocities, density and molecular weight. Finally, the ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon-phonon interaction and due to thermoelastic relaxation mechanisms have been calculated with the use of all associated parameters. The calculated values of elastic, mechanical, thermophysical and ultrasonic properties are compared with available literature and discussed.
{"title":"Influence of Temperature and Orientation on Elastic, Mechanical, Thermophysical and Ultrasonic Properties of Platinum Group Metal Carbides","authors":"Anurag Singh, Devraj Singh","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16902884637568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16902884637568","url":null,"abstract":"The elastic, mechanical, thermophysical and ultrasonic properties of platinum group metal (PGM) carbides XC (X: Rh, Pd, Ir) have been investigated at room temperature. The Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential model has been used to compute second and third order elastic constants (SOECs and TOECs) at 0K and 300K. The obtained values of SOECs are used to evaluate the mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Pugh’s indicator, Zener anisotropic constant and Poisson’s ratio at room temperature. The materials show the brittle nature as the value of Pugh’s indicator for PGM carbides has been achieved less than or nearly equal to 1.75. Again the values of SOECs are used to compute the ultrasonic velocities along <100>, <110> and <111> directions for the longitudinal and shear modes of wave propagation. Further the values of Debye temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat per unit volume, energy density, average value of ultrasonic Grüneisen parameter, thermal relaxation time, non-linear parameter have been calculated with the help of SOECs, TOECs, ultrasonic velocities, density and molecular weight. Finally, the ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon-phonon interaction and due to thermoelastic relaxation mechanisms have been calculated with the use of all associated parameters. The calculated values of elastic, mechanical, thermophysical and ultrasonic properties are compared with available literature and discussed.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16904499234318
John G. Hardy
“In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology will Create the Medicines of the Future” is authored by Brian Hilbush whose education in biosciences and career in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors (developing and commercialising emerging and next-generation biotechnologies) offers significant insight into the application of bioinformatics (‘gold’ biotechnology) to understand and solve biological issues using computational techniques.
{"title":"“In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology will Create the Medicines of the Future”","authors":"John G. Hardy","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16904499234318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16904499234318","url":null,"abstract":"“In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology will Create the Medicines of the Future” is authored by Brian Hilbush whose education in biosciences and career in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors (developing and commercialising emerging and next-generation biotechnologies) offers significant insight into the application of bioinformatics (‘gold’ biotechnology) to understand and solve biological issues using computational techniques.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651323x16799975192215
Daniel J. Rosen, Duncan Zavanelli, Christopher B. Murray
The synthesis of platinum-cobalt Nanocrystals (NCs) using colloidal solvothermal techniques is well understood. However, for monodisperse NCs to form, high temperatures and environmentally detrimental solvents are needed. We report a room temperature, aqueous method of Pt-Co NC synthesis using electrochemical reduction as the driving force for nucleation and growth. It is found that colloidal NCs will form in both the presence and absence of surfactant. Additionally, we report a monodisperse electrochemical deposition of nanocrystals utilizing a transparent conducting oxide electrode. The methods developed here will allow for a synthetic method to produce nanocatalysts with minimal environmental impact and should be readily applicable to other NC systems, including single- and multi-component alloys.
{"title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of Monodisperse PtCo Nanocrystals","authors":"Daniel J. Rosen, Duncan Zavanelli, Christopher B. Murray","doi":"10.1595/205651323x16799975192215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323x16799975192215","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of platinum-cobalt Nanocrystals (NCs) using colloidal solvothermal techniques is well understood. However, for monodisperse NCs to form, high temperatures and environmentally detrimental solvents are needed. We report a room temperature, aqueous method of Pt-Co NC synthesis using electrochemical reduction as the driving force for nucleation and growth. It is found that colloidal NCs will form in both the presence and absence of surfactant. Additionally, we report a monodisperse electrochemical deposition of nanocrystals utilizing a transparent conducting oxide electrode. The methods developed here will allow for a synthetic method to produce nanocatalysts with minimal environmental impact and should be readily applicable to other NC systems, including single- and multi-component alloys.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1595/205651324x16981367461019
Haowen Li, Qingqing Pan, Xiao Sui, Yuan Chen
Membrane separation is an energy-efficient separation process. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown potential as a new generation of membrane materials due to their unique structures and physio-chemical properties. The separation performance of 2D material membranes crucially depends on how 2D nanosheets are assembled in membranes, such as interlayer spacing between stacked nanosheets, chemical properties of nanosheet surfaces, alignment of nanosheets, and thickness of membranes, which are closely related to their fabrication methods. This short review concisely overviews commonly used membrane fabrication methods for different types of 2D materials, including graphene-based materials, 2D covalent organic frameworks, 2D metal-organic frameworks, MXenes, and other 2D materials. The representative 2D material membranes resulting from their essential fabrication methods are discussed. The advantages and shortcomings of different fabrication methods are compared. The critical challenges to realizing large-scale production of 2D material membranes for practical applications are highlighted.
{"title":"Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Material Membranes","authors":"Haowen Li, Qingqing Pan, Xiao Sui, Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1595/205651324x16981367461019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/205651324x16981367461019","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane separation is an energy-efficient separation process. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown potential as a new generation of membrane materials due to their unique structures and physio-chemical properties. The separation performance of 2D material membranes crucially depends on how 2D nanosheets are assembled in membranes, such as interlayer spacing between stacked nanosheets, chemical properties of nanosheet surfaces, alignment of nanosheets, and thickness of membranes, which are closely related to their fabrication methods. This short review concisely overviews commonly used membrane fabrication methods for different types of 2D materials, including graphene-based materials, 2D covalent organic frameworks, 2D metal-organic frameworks, MXenes, and other 2D materials. The representative 2D material membranes resulting from their essential fabrication methods are discussed. The advantages and shortcomings of different fabrication methods are compared. The critical challenges to realizing large-scale production of 2D material membranes for practical applications are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":14807,"journal":{"name":"Johnson Matthey Technology Review","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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