Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-95-98
D. Ivkin, A. A. Karpov, V. V. Kovanskov, I. A. Titovich
We present the results of experimental studies into the pharmacological safety of a pharmaceutical substance 4-[(3-oxo-3-ethoxypropanoyl)amino]benzoic acid (Etmaben) under a single intragastric administration at various experimental doses (60–3000 mg/kg) to female laboratory outbred rats. A clinical examination of the experimental animals was carried out in order to identify signs of intoxication. To that end, the level of food and water consumption was assessed and biochemical blood tests were performed. In addition, the state of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, physical endurance, and respiratory rate were assessed. The tested pharmaceutical substance in the studied doses after a single intragastric administration to female rats had no negative effect on the behavior, blood parameters, the state of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system of experimental animals.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of the Pharmacological Safety of a New Propagandic Acid Derivative with a Cardiotropic Action","authors":"D. Ivkin, A. A. Karpov, V. V. Kovanskov, I. A. Titovich","doi":"10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-95-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-95-98","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of experimental studies into the pharmacological safety of a pharmaceutical substance 4-[(3-oxo-3-ethoxypropanoyl)amino]benzoic acid (Etmaben) under a single intragastric administration at various experimental doses (60–3000 mg/kg) to female laboratory outbred rats. A clinical examination of the experimental animals was carried out in order to identify signs of intoxication. To that end, the level of food and water consumption was assessed and biochemical blood tests were performed. In addition, the state of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, physical endurance, and respiratory rate were assessed. The tested pharmaceutical substance in the studied doses after a single intragastric administration to female rats had no negative effect on the behavior, blood parameters, the state of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system of experimental animals.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-10-24
N. Karkischenko, E. S. Glotova, N. V. Petrova, V. Slobodenyuk, N. A. Laryushina, D. V. Petrov, I. A. Vasil’eva, K. E. Deryabin
The development of new humanized transgenic mouse biomodels with the HLA-A*02:01:01:01 gene requires effective methods for target transgene verification in the animal genome. In the present study, we develop a system for genetic screening of animals based on real-time PCR and using highly specific primers to detect all functionally significant parts of the genetic construct. In addition, the Sanger sequencing method showed the absence of chimerism and complete correspondence between the primary nucleotide sequence of the HLA A*02:01:01:01 transgene and the developed engineered genetic construct and human gene HLA A*02:01:01:01. Based on the results of selection and genetic works with the resulting transgenic animals, three most promising sublines were identified. These lines are currently used for breeding a new line of humanized transgenic mice with the HLA-A*02:01:01:01 gene.
{"title":"Genetic Screening of a New Transgenic Mouse Line Humanized for HLA-A*02:01:01:01 and hβ2m","authors":"N. Karkischenko, E. S. Glotova, N. V. Petrova, V. Slobodenyuk, N. A. Laryushina, D. V. Petrov, I. A. Vasil’eva, K. E. Deryabin","doi":"10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-10-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-10-24","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new humanized transgenic mouse biomodels with the HLA-A*02:01:01:01 gene requires effective methods for target transgene verification in the animal genome. In the present study, we develop a system for genetic screening of animals based on real-time PCR and using highly specific primers to detect all functionally significant parts of the genetic construct. In addition, the Sanger sequencing method showed the absence of chimerism and complete correspondence between the primary nucleotide sequence of the HLA A*02:01:01:01 transgene and the developed engineered genetic construct and human gene HLA A*02:01:01:01. Based on the results of selection and genetic works with the resulting transgenic animals, three most promising sublines were identified. These lines are currently used for breeding a new line of humanized transgenic mice with the HLA-A*02:01:01:01 gene.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-25-30
A. E. Burova, A. P. Reykh, A. V. Gorlova, E. P. Svirin, K. N. Zabegalov, K. D. Chaprov, A. E. Umrukhin, T. V. Strekalova
The Western Diet (WD) is a nutritional style characterized by excessive intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and sugars; this nutritional pattern can cause type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and other disorders, particularly during ageing. The search for effective approaches to managing the metabolic syndrome caused by WD seems to be a relevant research task. Unfortunately, this issue has attracted insufficient attention in the current literature. In this work, we use a mouse model of WD to study potential effects of a food supplement based on dicholine succinate (DS) and folic acid (vitamin B9), which are activators of mitochondrial functions. We study glucose tolerance, parameters of hippocampus-dependent learning and relative gene expression in RT-PCR of molecular markers of negative WD effects in the brain and liver of aging mice housed on WD. Mice C57BL/6 were 12 months old and housed on WD for 3 weeks; some groups received В9 (5 mg/kg/day) or DS (150 mg/kg/day), or their combination, via water. We carried out food displacement and fear conditioning learning tests followed by RT-PCR of several genes in the liver and brain. We found a decreased glucose tolerance, an elevated speed of pellet displacement and a reduction of freezing time in the fear conditioning test. This may suggest cognitive deficits and impulsivity of mice housed on WD. The administration of DS and B diminished most of these changes. In addition, the increased expression of FASN in the liver points to new mechanisms of negative WD effects during aging. The food supplement based on B9 and DS normalizes FASN expression and behavior, as well as glucose tolerance in WD-housed mice. Our results open new perspectives for further studies of therapeutic and preventive effects of food supplements on the regulation of metabolic parameters during ageing.
{"title":"A Vitamin B9-based Dietary Supplement Normalizes the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Regulatory Genes in a Mouse Model of a High-cholesterol Diet","authors":"A. E. Burova, A. P. Reykh, A. V. Gorlova, E. P. Svirin, K. N. Zabegalov, K. D. Chaprov, A. E. Umrukhin, T. V. Strekalova","doi":"10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-25-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2713-0428-19-3e-25-30","url":null,"abstract":"The Western Diet (WD) is a nutritional style characterized by excessive intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and sugars; this nutritional pattern can cause type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and other disorders, particularly during ageing. The search for effective approaches to managing the metabolic syndrome caused by WD seems to be a relevant research task. Unfortunately, this issue has attracted insufficient attention in the current literature. In this work, we use a mouse model of WD to study potential effects of a food supplement based on dicholine succinate (DS) and folic acid (vitamin B9), which are activators of mitochondrial functions. We study glucose tolerance, parameters of hippocampus-dependent learning and relative gene expression in RT-PCR of molecular markers of negative WD effects in the brain and liver of aging mice housed on WD. Mice C57BL/6 were 12 months old and housed on WD for 3 weeks; some groups received В9 (5 mg/kg/day) or DS (150 mg/kg/day), or their combination, via water. We carried out food displacement and fear conditioning learning tests followed by RT-PCR of several genes in the liver and brain. We found a decreased glucose tolerance, an elevated speed of pellet displacement and a reduction of freezing time in the fear conditioning test. This may suggest cognitive deficits and impulsivity of mice housed on WD. The administration of DS and B diminished most of these changes. In addition, the increased expression of FASN in the liver points to new mechanisms of negative WD effects during aging. The food supplement based on B9 and DS normalizes FASN expression and behavior, as well as glucose tolerance in WD-housed mice. Our results open new perspectives for further studies of therapeutic and preventive effects of food supplements on the regulation of metabolic parameters during ageing.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-37-44
E. Gantsgorn, A. Safronenko, E. V. Gubin, V. Vlasenko, E. V. Rashkova, I. M. Malleev, A. V. Ivanov, S. Gerasyuta, G. Bulguryan, YaO Osipenko, O. V. Denisenko, D. A. Saakyan, M. H. Ivanova
Despite the proven efficacy and relative safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), the issue of reducing the risk of complications associated with their use, depending on the genetic characteristics of patients, remains controversial. A personalized approach to the selection of DOAC should be developed. In this article, we review the available information on the feasibility of prescribing DOAC to patients with various diseases associated with hypercoagulation and on pharmacogenetic aspects of the DOAC application. The need for further research is substantiated, along with the importance of a wider introduction of the molecular-biological analysis of gene polymorphisms, whose presence affects the efficacy and safety of these drugs. In the course of the work, publications from the MedScape, PubMed, and eLIBRARY databases were analyzed.
{"title":"Current Issues of the Use and Efficacy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants According their Pharmacogenetic Features","authors":"E. Gantsgorn, A. Safronenko, E. V. Gubin, V. Vlasenko, E. V. Rashkova, I. M. Malleev, A. V. Ivanov, S. Gerasyuta, G. Bulguryan, YaO Osipenko, O. V. Denisenko, D. A. Saakyan, M. H. Ivanova","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-37-44","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the proven efficacy and relative safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), the issue of reducing the risk of complications associated with their use, depending on the genetic characteristics of patients, remains controversial. A personalized approach to the selection of DOAC should be developed. In this article, we review the available information on the feasibility of prescribing DOAC to patients with various diseases associated with hypercoagulation and on pharmacogenetic aspects of the DOAC application. The need for further research is substantiated, along with the importance of a wider introduction of the molecular-biological analysis of gene polymorphisms, whose presence affects the efficacy and safety of these drugs. In the course of the work, publications from the MedScape, PubMed, and eLIBRARY databases were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81147564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-69-77
I. Pomytkin, V. Pisarev, M. E. Merkulov, S. M. Noskov, N. Karkischenko
Direkord is an original drug containing the active substance of dicholine succinate, which enhances neuronal insulin sensitivity. In this work, we study the tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetic parameters of dicholine succinate when administered intramuscularly in a phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers. In total, 18 healthy volunteers –11 men and 7 women – with a mean age of 30.4±7.8 years, were recruited into a randomized study. At stage I, 6 volunteers (group 1) received dicholine succinate intramuscularly every other day with a dose escalation from 0.16 mg/kg/day to 600 mg/day. At stage II, 12 volunteers (group 2) received dicholine succinate intramuscularly at a single dose of 200 mg, and then, at stage III, the same 12 volunteers received dicholinesuccinate at a dose of 600 mg/day (3 x 200 mg at an interval of 8 hours) for seven days. The safety population in this study included all randomized volunteers. Data from 12 volunteers (group 2) were included in the calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters. All volunteers completed all procedures of the three research stages in accordance with the protocol. According to clinical and laboratory monitoring data, no adverse events were registered during the study. The drug was well tolerated, with no signs of hyperemia, edema, and bruising being observed at the injection site. The volunteers did not complain of pain, itching, and burning. After a single injection of dicholine succinate, the concentration of choline in the bloodstream reached its maximum value after an average of 0.375±0.365 hours with the half-life of 1.271±1.071 hours. After repeated administration at a dose of 600 mg per day, no cumulation of the active substance was observed. The data obtained have confirmed a good safety profile of Direkord; therefore, the drug can be recommended for further investigation in a study involving patients.
{"title":"Results of a Phase I Open-Label Clinical Trial of Direkord in Healthy Volunteers","authors":"I. Pomytkin, V. Pisarev, M. E. Merkulov, S. M. Noskov, N. Karkischenko","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-69-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-69-77","url":null,"abstract":"Direkord is an original drug containing the active substance of dicholine succinate, which enhances neuronal insulin sensitivity. In this work, we study the tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetic parameters of dicholine succinate when administered intramuscularly in a phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers. In total, 18 healthy volunteers –11 men and 7 women – with a mean age of 30.4±7.8 years, were recruited into a randomized study. At stage I, 6 volunteers (group 1) received dicholine succinate intramuscularly every other day with a dose escalation from 0.16 mg/kg/day to 600 mg/day. At stage II, 12 volunteers (group 2) received dicholine succinate intramuscularly at a single dose of 200 mg, and then, at stage III, the same 12 volunteers received dicholinesuccinate at a dose of 600 mg/day (3 x 200 mg at an interval of 8 hours) for seven days. The safety population in this study included all randomized volunteers. Data from 12 volunteers (group 2) were included in the calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters. All volunteers completed all procedures of the three research stages in accordance with the protocol. According to clinical and laboratory monitoring data, no adverse events were registered during the study. The drug was well tolerated, with no signs of hyperemia, edema, and bruising being observed at the injection site. The volunteers did not complain of pain, itching, and burning. After a single injection of dicholine succinate, the concentration of choline in the bloodstream reached its maximum value after an average of 0.375±0.365 hours with the half-life of 1.271±1.071 hours. After repeated administration at a dose of 600 mg per day, no cumulation of the active substance was observed. The data obtained have confirmed a good safety profile of Direkord; therefore, the drug can be recommended for further investigation in a study involving patients.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84560399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-16-26
M. Ravaeva, I. Cheretaev, E. Chuyan, P. A. Galenko-Yaróshevskii
This article presents the research findings regarding protein, lipid, and carbohydrate-energy metabolism indices in rats under acute (AS) and chronic hypokinetic stress (HS) and their combinations. HS and its combinations with AS were found to decrease protein metabolism indices to various extents, causing a negative nitrogen balance in the body. HS and its combinations with AS increased lipid metabolism indices, which are the factors of atherogenesis in the body (levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins). HS and its combinations with AS increased the glucose level and decreased the creatinine kinase activity, with the values being statistically significant. AS and HS and their combinations increased significantly the lactate dehydrogenase activity.
{"title":"Protein, Lipid and Carbohydrate-Energy Metabolism Indices in Rats under Acute and Chronic Hypokinetic Stress and their Combinations","authors":"M. Ravaeva, I. Cheretaev, E. Chuyan, P. A. Galenko-Yaróshevskii","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the research findings regarding protein, lipid, and carbohydrate-energy metabolism indices in rats under acute (AS) and chronic hypokinetic stress (HS) and their combinations. HS and its combinations with AS were found to decrease protein metabolism indices to various extents, causing a negative nitrogen balance in the body. HS and its combinations with AS increased lipid metabolism indices, which are the factors of atherogenesis in the body (levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins). HS and its combinations with AS increased the glucose level and decreased the creatinine kinase activity, with the values being statistically significant. AS and HS and their combinations increased significantly the lactate dehydrogenase activity.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88118076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-61-68
V. Sverchkov, E. Bykov
Maintaining a good level of fitness through regular exercise is essential for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the question of which components of physical fitness have the greatest impact remains controversial. We studied the relationship between cardiorespiratory endurance and MS severity z-score in men. The study involved 44 untrained men (38.7±5.6 years). Anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI), glucose level, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein level, blood pressure, and MS severity z-score were assessed. We also assessed the level of cardiorespiratory endurance in a 12-minute Cooper test. The results of our study showed an inverse relationship between the z-score of MS severity and cardiorespiratory endurance in men, which was (r=–0.84; p˂0.05). People in the highest quartile of cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 1) had a significantly lower MS severity z-score compared to people in the lowest quartile of cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 4) (p˂0.01). In addition, people who demonstrated the highest cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 1) had statistically significantly lower fasting plasma glucose levels and abdominal girth (p˂0.05), as well as statistically significantly lower levels of triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (p˂0.01) compared to people in the lowest quartile of cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 4). The obtained data confirm the protective role of cardiorespiratory endurance against MS in men.
{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Endurance is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity in Men","authors":"V. Sverchkov, E. Bykov","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-61-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-61-68","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining a good level of fitness through regular exercise is essential for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the question of which components of physical fitness have the greatest impact remains controversial. We studied the relationship between cardiorespiratory endurance and MS severity z-score in men. The study involved 44 untrained men (38.7±5.6 years). Anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI), glucose level, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein level, blood pressure, and MS severity z-score were assessed. We also assessed the level of cardiorespiratory endurance in a 12-minute Cooper test. The results of our study showed an inverse relationship between the z-score of MS severity and cardiorespiratory endurance in men, which was (r=–0.84; p˂0.05). People in the highest quartile of cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 1) had a significantly lower MS severity z-score compared to people in the lowest quartile of cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 4) (p˂0.01). In addition, people who demonstrated the highest cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 1) had statistically significantly lower fasting plasma glucose levels and abdominal girth (p˂0.05), as well as statistically significantly lower levels of triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (p˂0.01) compared to people in the lowest quartile of cardiorespiratory endurance (quartile 4). The obtained data confirm the protective role of cardiorespiratory endurance against MS in men.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73868962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-8-15
Y. Fokin, S. Kharitonov, N. Karkischenko
Informative parameters of normalized electrograms of the brain of cats under the action of regulatory neuropeptides with nootropic properties were established using the example of the Semax drug. The results obtained were confirmed by a comparative pharmaco-EEG analysis with various pharmacological agents of directed action. The pronounced stable activating and nootropic effects of this pharmacological group in brain electrograms are distinguished by a unidirectional action that coincides with the data of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
{"title":"Pharmaco-EEG Analysis of Regulatory Neuropeptides with Nootropic Properties in Cats","authors":"Y. Fokin, S. Kharitonov, N. Karkischenko","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-8-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-8-15","url":null,"abstract":"Informative parameters of normalized electrograms of the brain of cats under the action of regulatory neuropeptides with nootropic properties were established using the example of the Semax drug. The results obtained were confirmed by a comparative pharmaco-EEG analysis with various pharmacological agents of directed action. The pronounced stable activating and nootropic effects of this pharmacological group in brain electrograms are distinguished by a unidirectional action that coincides with the data of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77908905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-27-36
P. Anokhin, T. Proskuryakova, V. Shokhonova, V. Kokhan, I. Tarabarko, I. Shamakina
Alcohol experienced during gestation is associated with the development of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions, as well as addictive behavior in the offspring. However, the biological basis of these effects remains poorly understood. Taking into account that the extrahypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system plays an important role in regulation of the negative emotional state produced by alcohol abuse and withdrawal, the present study was aimed at investigating: 1) the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PA) on voluntary alcohol drinking (free choice 24 hours/day) or intermittent (“drinking in the dark”) regimen in adult Wistar rats; 2) differences in the basal gene expression levels of CRF and CRF-R1 in amygdala of adult PA and control rats; and 3) the effect of voluntary alcohol drinking on the above mRNA levels. PA males displayed a significantly greater voluntary alcohol intake than control males as observed by both drinking paradigms. 24 hours after the first withdrawal episode, PA males demonstrated a higher level of anxiety in the light-dark box test. No differences were found between PA and control females. Basal amygdalar CRF and CRFR1 mRNA levels did not differ between PA and control rats of both sexes. No difference was observed in the amygdalar CRF and CRFR1 mRNA levels after alcohol drinking in PA and control males. Conversely, the CRF mRNA levels in amygdala of PA female rats decreased under the action of alcohol consumption, compared to control female rats. The results show that the PA effect on future alcohol-related behavior is sex-specific, but do not support the hypothesis that changes in CRF and CRFR1 mRNA levels in amygdala may be responsible for high alcohol intake in males.
{"title":"Sex Differences in Addictive Behavior of Adult Rats: Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure","authors":"P. Anokhin, T. Proskuryakova, V. Shokhonova, V. Kokhan, I. Tarabarko, I. Shamakina","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol experienced during gestation is associated with the development of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions, as well as addictive behavior in the offspring. However, the biological basis of these effects remains poorly understood. Taking into account that the extrahypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system plays an important role in regulation of the negative emotional state produced by alcohol abuse and withdrawal, the present study was aimed at investigating: 1) the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PA) on voluntary alcohol drinking (free choice 24 hours/day) or intermittent (“drinking in the dark”) regimen in adult Wistar rats; 2) differences in the basal gene expression levels of CRF and CRF-R1 in amygdala of adult PA and control rats; and 3) the effect of voluntary alcohol drinking on the above mRNA levels. PA males displayed a significantly greater voluntary alcohol intake than control males as observed by both drinking paradigms. 24 hours after the first withdrawal episode, PA males demonstrated a higher level of anxiety in the light-dark box test. No differences were found between PA and control females. Basal amygdalar CRF and CRFR1 mRNA levels did not differ between PA and control rats of both sexes. No difference was observed in the amygdalar CRF and CRFR1 mRNA levels after alcohol drinking in PA and control males. Conversely, the CRF mRNA levels in amygdala of PA female rats decreased under the action of alcohol consumption, compared to control female rats. The results show that the PA effect on future alcohol-related behavior is sex-specific, but do not support the hypothesis that changes in CRF and CRFR1 mRNA levels in amygdala may be responsible for high alcohol intake in males.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77134457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-45-53
K. Ostrenko, A. Ovcharova, O. P. Yegorova
Hypoxia is associated with reduced oxygen levels in the body, individual organs, or tissues. Hypoxia is the most common cause of cell damage, emerging under a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air, blood (hypoxemia), or tissues (violations of tissue respiration). When the strength or duration of hypoxic exposure exceeds the adaptive capabilities of the body, an organ, or a tissue, irreversible changes may develop. Resistance to hypoxia can be enhanced by pharmacological agents that improve oxygen delivery and/or the effectiveness of its use. This study was conducted to determine the antihypoxic effect of the Epophen drug. Epophen was found to exhibit a pronounced antihypoxic effect, with the efficacy varying from 24 to 89% depending on the drug dose and hypoxia type.
{"title":"Study into the Efficacy of the Epophen Substance in Normobaric Hypoxia","authors":"K. Ostrenko, A. Ovcharova, O. P. Yegorova","doi":"10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-45-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-19-2-45-53","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia is associated with reduced oxygen levels in the body, individual organs, or tissues. Hypoxia is the most common cause of cell damage, emerging under a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air, blood (hypoxemia), or tissues (violations of tissue respiration). When the strength or duration of hypoxic exposure exceeds the adaptive capabilities of the body, an organ, or a tissue, irreversible changes may develop. Resistance to hypoxia can be enhanced by pharmacological agents that improve oxygen delivery and/or the effectiveness of its use. This study was conducted to determine the antihypoxic effect of the Epophen drug. Epophen was found to exhibit a pronounced antihypoxic effect, with the efficacy varying from 24 to 89% depending on the drug dose and hypoxia type.","PeriodicalId":14837,"journal":{"name":"Journal Biomed","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72938162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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