With Croatia?s accession to the European Union (EU), numerous changes have taken place within the key agricultural markets. This primarily relates to the introduction of Common Agricultural Policy measures and instruments, the convergence of domestic agri-food product prices, the opening of the domestic market and the producer?s adjustment to the business conditions within the EU single market. Sophisticated tools such as partial equilibrium (PE) econometric models are commonly used in the impact assessments of the integration processes and for the development of medium-term market outlook simulations. The aim of this research is to develop a medium-term outlook of the soft wheat market in the Republic of Croatia up to 2030. As an appropriate tool, the AGMEMOD (PE) model was used to provide baseline simulations. The model results simulate future trends of main agrarian policy indicators (sown area, production, yield, import, export and average producer price) on the soft wheat market. The Croatian soft wheat market outlook assumes ceteris paribus market conditions with the existing agricultural policy structure until the end of the simulated period. The main findings of the simulated outlook indicate a slight growth trend of sown areas, continued growth of yield and production, along with soft wheat exports increase in Croatia by 2030 compared to 2018. Furthermore, the soft wheat degree of self-sufficiency in Croatia is expected to be 114% by the end of the simulated period.
{"title":"Croatian medium-term soft wheat market outlook","authors":"D. Kranjac, K. Zmaić, T. Sudarić","doi":"10.2298/JAS2101075K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2101075K","url":null,"abstract":"With Croatia?s accession to the European Union (EU), numerous changes have taken place within the key agricultural markets. This primarily relates to the introduction of Common Agricultural Policy measures and instruments, the convergence of domestic agri-food product prices, the opening of the domestic market and the producer?s adjustment to the business conditions within the EU single market. Sophisticated tools such as partial equilibrium (PE) econometric models are commonly used in the impact assessments of the integration processes and for the development of medium-term market outlook simulations. The aim of this research is to develop a medium-term outlook of the soft wheat market in the Republic of Croatia up to 2030. As an appropriate tool, the AGMEMOD (PE) model was used to provide baseline simulations. The model results simulate future trends of main agrarian policy indicators (sown area, production, yield, import, export and average producer price) on the soft wheat market. The Croatian soft wheat market outlook assumes ceteris paribus market conditions with the existing agricultural policy structure until the end of the simulated period. The main findings of the simulated outlook indicate a slight growth trend of sown areas, continued growth of yield and production, along with soft wheat exports increase in Croatia by 2030 compared to 2018. Furthermore, the soft wheat degree of self-sufficiency in Croatia is expected to be 114% by the end of the simulated period.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84215266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rajković, M. Stojanović, S. Milojkovic, Melina Vukadinovic
The village of Dubravica is partially located over the western lignite deposits of the Kostolac basin. The examination of the dry residue obtained from drinking water from two individual wells by X-ray diffraction analysis, based on a typical peak, showed the presence of uranium in drinking water. The indirect method by Rajkovic and associates showed that, in sample I, the concentration of uranium in drinking water was 85.5 percent higher (3.71 ?g/L) and that the concentration of uranium in sample II was only 22 percent lower (1.56 ?g/L) than the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) values required by the Regulations (2 ?g/L). Analysis of the result of the introduction of uranium in the human body has shown that this way brings 0.84 to 2 mg of uranium in the human organism per annum or 0.09 to 0.22 mg of uranium is deposited annually in the kidney. Assessment of the potential health risk due to the presence of uranium in drinking water indicated that the population using drinking water from wells will be threatened by uranium in a short time interval. Regarding the long-term risk, the calculation has indicated that in the first sample of drinking water, about 25 inhabitants, and in the case of the second sample of drinking water, 10 inhabitants out of 1000 inhabitants are endangered. As the kidney is the organ in which uranium is deposited (accumulated) to the greatest extent, its presence causes weakening and failure of kidney function, which can destroy 75 percent of kidney function until the manifestation of the first clinical symptoms. This phenomenon is observed among the population along the rivers the Kolubara, the Drina, the Sava and the Morava and is called endemic nephropathy. The elements found in trace amounts (Pb, Cd, Si), live agents (bacteria and viruses), fungal plant toxins, genetic factors and immune mechanism can be listed as possible causes. However, uranium in drinking water has not been listed so far. The tests performed in this study clearly show the role of uranium in the epidemic, endemic nephropathy, which is growing and which is not at the acute phase of the disease but has already progressed to renal failure and end-stage kidney disease. Official data on the rise of endemic nephropathy and diabetes and increasing their share in diseases, as well as overall mortality rates, which amount to 18.19%, clearly indicate that the role of uranium in the Branicevo district environment should not be ignored. Since there are settlements on the terrain to be investigated, uranium and its migration through the environment must be monitored as all conditions for its migration are unfortunately favourable.
{"title":"Testing the effects of the presence of uranium in drinking water from individual wells in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district on public health","authors":"M. Rajković, M. Stojanović, S. Milojkovic, Melina Vukadinovic","doi":"10.2298/jas2102181r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2102181r","url":null,"abstract":"The village of Dubravica is partially located over the western lignite deposits of the Kostolac basin. The examination of the dry residue obtained from drinking water from two individual wells by X-ray diffraction analysis, based on a typical peak, showed the presence of uranium in drinking water. The indirect method by Rajkovic and associates showed that, in sample I, the concentration of uranium in drinking water was 85.5 percent higher (3.71 ?g/L) and that the concentration of uranium in sample II was only 22 percent lower (1.56 ?g/L) than the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) values required by the Regulations (2 ?g/L). Analysis of the result of the introduction of uranium in the human body has shown that this way brings 0.84 to 2 mg of uranium in the human organism per annum or 0.09 to 0.22 mg of uranium is deposited annually in the kidney. Assessment of the potential health risk due to the presence of uranium in drinking water indicated that the population using drinking water from wells will be threatened by uranium in a short time interval. Regarding the long-term risk, the calculation has indicated that in the first sample of drinking water, about 25 inhabitants, and in the case of the second sample of drinking water, 10 inhabitants out of 1000 inhabitants are endangered. As the kidney is the organ in which uranium is deposited (accumulated) to the greatest extent, its presence causes weakening and failure of kidney function, which can destroy 75 percent of kidney function until the manifestation of the first clinical symptoms. This phenomenon is observed among the population along the rivers the Kolubara, the Drina, the Sava and the Morava and is called endemic nephropathy. The elements found in trace amounts (Pb, Cd, Si), live agents (bacteria and viruses), fungal plant toxins, genetic factors and immune mechanism can be listed as possible causes. However, uranium in drinking water has not been listed so far. The tests performed in this study clearly show the role of uranium in the epidemic, endemic nephropathy, which is growing and which is not at the acute phase of the disease but has already progressed to renal failure and end-stage kidney disease. Official data on the rise of endemic nephropathy and diabetes and increasing their share in diseases, as well as overall mortality rates, which amount to 18.19%, clearly indicate that the role of uranium in the Branicevo district environment should not be ignored. Since there are settlements on the terrain to be investigated, uranium and its migration through the environment must be monitored as all conditions for its migration are unfortunately favourable.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90793936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Stričević, A. Simić, M. Vujadinovic-Mandic, D. Sokolović
Due to the air temperature increase, longer growing seasons and erratic rainfalls in the last two decades, natural grasslands like meadows or pastures grow in unfavourable climatic conditions that disable the regeneration. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of climate changes on the water requirement of grasslands in Serbia. The results of ensembles of nine regional climate models from the EURO-CORDEX database were used to analyse future climatic conditions. As the most probable value, the median of scores obtained for each ensemble member was considered. The period of 1986-2005 was used as the reference. The time slices in future periods are: 2016-2035 (the near future), 2046-2065 (the mid-century) and 2081-2100 (the end of the century). Analyses were conducted for two scenarios of GHG emissions: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Permanent grasslands will be more prone to drought risks in the future. Water shortage could be expected at the end of May when the water stored in the soil will be depleted by the duration of drought until September heavy rains. According to both scenarios, an increment of water requirement of 7% could be expected in the near future. The RCP4.5 scenario projects an increase in the water requirement in the range of 10.7-24.2% from the mid to the end of the century. The less favourable but more realistic RCP8.5 scenario projects a water need increment in the range from 4% to 14 % in the mid-century and 28.4-41.9% toward the end of the century. Recent research indicates that drought resistance will be developed through natural diversity and the spread of species resistant to high temperatures and water scarcity.
{"title":"The impact of climate change on the water requirement of grasslands in Serbia","authors":"R. Stričević, A. Simić, M. Vujadinovic-Mandic, D. Sokolović","doi":"10.2298/jas2103291s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2103291s","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the air temperature increase, longer growing seasons and erratic rainfalls in the last two decades, natural grasslands like meadows or pastures grow in unfavourable climatic conditions that disable the regeneration. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of climate changes on the water requirement of grasslands in Serbia. The results of ensembles of nine regional climate models from the EURO-CORDEX database were used to analyse future climatic conditions. As the most probable value, the median of scores obtained for each ensemble member was considered. The period of 1986-2005 was used as the reference. The time slices in future periods are: 2016-2035 (the near future), 2046-2065 (the mid-century) and 2081-2100 (the end of the century). Analyses were conducted for two scenarios of GHG emissions: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Permanent grasslands will be more prone to drought risks in the future. Water shortage could be expected at the end of May when the water stored in the soil will be depleted by the duration of drought until September heavy rains. According to both scenarios, an increment of water requirement of 7% could be expected in the near future. The RCP4.5 scenario projects an increase in the water requirement in the range of 10.7-24.2% from the mid to the end of the century. The less favourable but more realistic RCP8.5 scenario projects a water need increment in the range from 4% to 14 % in the mid-century and 28.4-41.9% toward the end of the century. Recent research indicates that drought resistance will be developed through natural diversity and the spread of species resistant to high temperatures and water scarcity.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90294446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of four sulphur levels: S0, S1, S2 and S3, including 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg S ha-1, respectively, along with 115 kg N ha-1 were studied on yield-related traits of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The significant variance of treatments was determined for plant height, yield component characters, seed yield and oil content. The sulphur application significantly increased most of the traits compared to the S0 level. The S3 (36 kg S ha-1) treatment led to the highest mean value of plant height (132 cm) which was classified with S2 (24 kg S ha-1) in the same statistical group. Sulphur had an increasing effect on pods per plant, and it ranged from 92 to 196 for S0 and S3 applications, respectively. S0 and S1 with 92 and 121 pods per plant were grouped in the same statistical group. In addition, S2, and S3 with 165 and 196 pods per plant showed no significant statistical difference. The sulphur application significantly increased seed yield compared to control (S0 level), and it ranged from 2744 to 3215 kg ha-1 in S0 and S3, respectively. The average oil contents of 45.69, 46.96, 47.46 and 49.53 % were detected for 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg S ha-1, respectively.
研究了S0、S1、S2和S3 4种硫(分别为0、12、24和36 kg S hm -1)和115 kg N hm -1对油菜产量相关性状的影响。各处理在株高、产量组成性状、籽粒产量和含油量上均存在显著差异。施硫显著提高了大部分性状。S3 (36 kg S ha-1)处理的株高平均值最高(132 cm)，与S2 (24 kg S ha-1)处理在同一统计组内。硫对单株荚果的影响呈递增趋势，硫和硫分别在92 ~ 196之间。S0和S1分别以92和121荚/株分组为同一统计组。此外，S2和S3单株165荚和196荚无显著统计学差异。与对照(S0水平)相比，施硫显著提高了种子产量，S0和S3的施硫量分别为2744 ~ 3215 kg ha-1。0、12、24和36 kg S ha-1的平均含油量分别为45.69、46.96、47.46和49.53%。
{"title":"Effects of sulphur on the yield, yield component characters and oil content of oilseed rape","authors":"V. Rameeh, M. Niakan, H. Mohammadi","doi":"10.2298/JAS2101017R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2101017R","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of four sulphur levels: S0, S1, S2 and S3, including 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg S ha-1, respectively, along with 115 kg N ha-1 were studied on yield-related traits of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The significant variance of treatments was determined for plant height, yield component characters, seed yield and oil content. The sulphur application significantly increased most of the traits compared to the S0 level. The S3 (36 kg S ha-1) treatment led to the highest mean value of plant height (132 cm) which was classified with S2 (24 kg S ha-1) in the same statistical group. Sulphur had an increasing effect on pods per plant, and it ranged from 92 to 196 for S0 and S3 applications, respectively. S0 and S1 with 92 and 121 pods per plant were grouped in the same statistical group. In addition, S2, and S3 with 165 and 196 pods per plant showed no significant statistical difference. The sulphur application significantly increased seed yield compared to control (S0 level), and it ranged from 2744 to 3215 kg ha-1 in S0 and S3, respectively. The average oil contents of 45.69, 46.96, 47.46 and 49.53 % were detected for 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg S ha-1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"362 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80277737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the farming of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), losses can be very high. In aquaculture, various agents are used, such as copper, for the purpose of preventive action and prevention of the appearance of pathogens (ectoparasites, etc.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of substrate-fixed copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) up to the age of 5 months. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Aquaculture of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, for 142 days in flow aquariums with a 65 l/aquarium volume. The experiment was set up in two groups (150 units/group) with three replicates (50 units/replicate), a control group without copper microparticles (K) and a group with copper microparticles (Cu). The initial weight and total body length (mean ? SD) of rainbow trout in group K were 0.199 ? 0.008 g and 2.876 ? 0.036 cm, and in group Cu 0.197 ? 0.009 g and 2.893 ? 0.038 cm. The average total length and body weight of individuals from the K and Cu groups were similar (p > 0.05). The differences in FCR, CF, SGR and TGC between group K and group Cu were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Survival of juvenile rainbow trout was high and it was 97.33% in group K and 96.00% in group Cu, and no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout in the K and Cu groups were similar.
在养殖幼年虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)期间，损失可能非常高。在水产养殖中，使用各种药剂，如铜，以预防行动和防止病原体(外寄生虫等)的出现。本研究的目的是确定底物固定铜微粒对虹鳟鱼幼鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 5个月前生长和存活的影响。实验在巴尼亚卢卡大学农学院水产养殖实验室进行，在流量为65 l/水族箱的流动水族箱中进行142天。试验设2组(150个单位/组)，每组设3个重复(50个单位/重复)，不含铜微粒组(K)和含铜微粒组(Cu)。初始体重和总体长(平均?K组虹鳟的SD值为0.199 ?0.008 g和2.876 ?0.036 cm, Cu组0.197 ?0.009 g和2.893 g ?0.038厘米。K组和Cu组个体平均体长和体重相近(p > 0.05)。K组与Cu组FCR、CF、SGR、TGC差异均无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。虹鳟鱼幼鱼成活率较高，K组为97.33%，Cu组为96.00%，差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。K组和Cu组虹鳟鱼幼鱼的生长和成活率相似。
{"title":"Effects of copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal.)","authors":"N. Savić, R. Dekić","doi":"10.2298/jas2104359s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2104359s","url":null,"abstract":"During the farming of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), losses can be very high. In aquaculture, various agents are used, such as copper, for the purpose of preventive action and prevention of the appearance of pathogens (ectoparasites, etc.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of substrate-fixed copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) up to the age of 5 months. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Aquaculture of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, for 142 days in flow aquariums with a 65 l/aquarium volume. The experiment was set up in two groups (150 units/group) with three replicates (50 units/replicate), a control group without copper microparticles (K) and a group with copper microparticles (Cu). The initial weight and total body length (mean ? SD) of rainbow trout in group K were 0.199 ? 0.008 g and 2.876 ? 0.036 cm, and in group Cu 0.197 ? 0.009 g and 2.893 ? 0.038 cm. The average total length and body weight of individuals from the K and Cu groups were similar (p > 0.05). The differences in FCR, CF, SGR and TGC between group K and group Cu were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Survival of juvenile rainbow trout was high and it was 97.33% in group K and 96.00% in group Cu, and no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout in the K and Cu groups were similar.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78176714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marija Bajagić, Vojin Djukic, Vojin Cvijanović, M. Nedeljković, G. Dozet, Vesna Stepić, G. Cvijanović
The development of science and technology introduces new approaches in plant breeding and various methods to increase plant productivity. One of the latest methods is the implementation of an environmentally friendly technique of using a pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field (PEMP). The paper presents the results of the influence of the electromagnetic stimulation of soybean seeds on grain weight per plant, weight of 1,000 grains and grain yield in different agroecological conditions. In the three-year research, in the period from 2013 to 2015, the soybean variety Valjevka was used, grown with different amounts of fertilizers (control - without fertilization, 750 kg/ha and 1300 kg/ha). Before sowing, the seed was subjected to PEMP stimulation in variants: control - without stimulation and alternating magnetic field stimulation (PEMP) with induction of 30 mT and exposure time of 15 minutes. The average grain weight per plant during seed stimulation was 11.53% (12.09) higher than without PEMP (10.84). The weight of 1,000 grains with PEMP was 155.99 g, which was 2.06% higher than the weight of 1,000 grains of the variant without PEMP (152.83 g). The average soybean grain yield for all three years of research with seed stimulation was 4.85% higher (3,481.25 kg/ha) than without PEMP (3,320.14 kg/ha). Stimulation of seeds with PEMP has economic justification given the growth of soybean prices on the world stock market. The results show that the PEMP treatment of soybean seeds can significantly affect soybean grain yield and counteract side effects such as drought and lack of fertilizers.
{"title":"Effect of seed treatment by low-frequency electromagnetic field on soybean productivity","authors":"Marija Bajagić, Vojin Djukic, Vojin Cvijanović, M. Nedeljković, G. Dozet, Vesna Stepić, G. Cvijanović","doi":"10.2298/jas2104321b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2104321b","url":null,"abstract":"The development of science and technology introduces new approaches in plant breeding and various methods to increase plant productivity. One of the latest methods is the implementation of an environmentally friendly technique of using a pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field (PEMP). The paper presents the results of the influence of the electromagnetic stimulation of soybean seeds on grain weight per plant, weight of 1,000 grains and grain yield in different agroecological conditions. In the three-year research, in the period from 2013 to 2015, the soybean variety Valjevka was used, grown with different amounts of fertilizers (control - without fertilization, 750 kg/ha and 1300 kg/ha). Before sowing, the seed was subjected to PEMP stimulation in variants: control - without stimulation and alternating magnetic field stimulation (PEMP) with induction of 30 mT and exposure time of 15 minutes. The average grain weight per plant during seed stimulation was 11.53% (12.09) higher than without PEMP (10.84). The weight of 1,000 grains with PEMP was 155.99 g, which was 2.06% higher than the weight of 1,000 grains of the variant without PEMP (152.83 g). The average soybean grain yield for all three years of research with seed stimulation was 4.85% higher (3,481.25 kg/ha) than without PEMP (3,320.14 kg/ha). Stimulation of seeds with PEMP has economic justification given the growth of soybean prices on the world stock market. The results show that the PEMP treatment of soybean seeds can significantly affect soybean grain yield and counteract side effects such as drought and lack of fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83195394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three hundred (300) 21d old (Arbor-acre) broiler chicks apportioned to five (5) dietary groups of sixty (60) birds each, further replicated six (6) times were fed graded levels of toasted pigeon pea seed meal (TPSM) to assess the performance, flock uniformity, organ weights, carcass yield and hepatic histology at the finisher phase. A maize-full-fat soybean meal diet served as the control diet (I). The TPSM was incorporated to replace full-fat soybean meal at 12.5%, 25.0%, 37.5% and 50.0% in diets II, III, IV and V, respectively. Toasting improved the protein content, ether extract, fibre content, metabolizable energy and reduced the anti-nutrients except for oxalate. The final weight, total weight change, average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, eviscerated weight, breast yield and thigh yield were significantly influenced (P<0.05), especially depressed at 50% replacement, unlike the average feed intake, mortality and flock uniformity (P>0.05). The kidney and abdominal fat were also influenced (P<0.05). There were varying levels of hepatic degeneration, which increased in intensity as the level of inclusion increased. They ranged from mild sinusoidal congestion and cellular infiltration to necrosis of the cells in the liver. Up to 37.5% TPSM toasted pigeon pea seed meal replacement for soybean meal supported optimum growth, breast and thigh yield, and mild to moderate hepatic disruptions.
{"title":"Growth response, flock uniformity, organ weight, abdominal fat, carcass yield and hepatic histology of finisher broiler chicken fed toasted pigeon pea seed meal","authors":"T. Ojediran, I. Emiola","doi":"10.2298/jas2104371o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2104371o","url":null,"abstract":"Three hundred (300) 21d old (Arbor-acre) broiler chicks apportioned to five (5) dietary groups of sixty (60) birds each, further replicated six (6) times were fed graded levels of toasted pigeon pea seed meal (TPSM) to assess the performance, flock uniformity, organ weights, carcass yield and hepatic histology at the finisher phase. A maize-full-fat soybean meal diet served as the control diet (I). The TPSM was incorporated to replace full-fat soybean meal at 12.5%, 25.0%, 37.5% and 50.0% in diets II, III, IV and V, respectively. Toasting improved the protein content, ether extract, fibre content, metabolizable energy and reduced the anti-nutrients except for oxalate. The final weight, total weight change, average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, eviscerated weight, breast yield and thigh yield were significantly influenced (P<0.05), especially depressed at 50% replacement, unlike the average feed intake, mortality and flock uniformity (P>0.05). The kidney and abdominal fat were also influenced (P<0.05). There were varying levels of hepatic degeneration, which increased in intensity as the level of inclusion increased. They ranged from mild sinusoidal congestion and cellular infiltration to necrosis of the cells in the liver. Up to 37.5% TPSM toasted pigeon pea seed meal replacement for soybean meal supported optimum growth, breast and thigh yield, and mild to moderate hepatic disruptions.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89713255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kolo, A. J. Adigun, R. O. Adeyemi, S. Daramola, G. Bodunde
Weed infestation and inherent low soil fertility are among the major factors attributed to the low yield of rice in Nigeria. Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application levels and weed control methods on growth and yield of upland rice (var. NERICA 2) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07o 15?N, 03o 25?E) during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Three nitrogen (N) levels (0, 60 and 90 kg/ha) were evaluated and they constituted the main plot treatments, while three weed control treatments, viz: pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? (propanil plus 2, 4-D) at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1, Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and three hoe-weeding regimes at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, and a weedy check constituted the sub-plot treatments. All the treatments in different combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. Results indicated a significant (p?0.05) increase in weed density and dry matter with an increase in N application level from 0 to 90 kg ha-1. Similarly, crop vigour and plant height increased significantly (p?0.05) with increasing N application levels up to 90 kg ha-1. However, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1 were at par in increasing the number of tillers, leaf area index and yield attributes of rice. All the weed control methods resulted in a significant (p?0.05) reduction in weed density and dry matter with subsequent increase in rice growth and yield than the weedy check. Pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? followed by SHW at 6 WAS and three hoe-weeding regimes resulted in significantly (p?0.05) lower weed density and dry matter, and a higher number of tillers, panicle weight and grain yield than a sole application of Orizo Plus?. With Orizo Plus? followed by one SHW or three hoe-weeding regimes, increasing N application levels resulted in a significant (p?0.05) increase in grain yield of rice. However, with Orizo Plus? applied alone, increasing N application levels did not increase rice grain yield. These results suggest that Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.iha-1 followed by one SHW at 6 WAS integrated with N application at 90 kg ha-1 is adequate to effectively control weeds and increase rice yield in the rainforest-savannah transition zone of Nigeria.
杂草丛生和土壤固有的低肥力是尼日利亚水稻产量低的主要因素。因此，在abokuta联邦农业大学教学和研究农场进行了田间试验，以评估施氮水平和杂草控制方法对旱稻(NERICA 2品种)生长和产量的影响。在2015年和2016年的种植季节，N, 030 - 25?E)。评价了3个氮肥水平(0、60和90 kg/ha)，这3个氮肥水平是主要的小区处理，而3个防杂草处理，即:苗期施用Orizo Plus?(丙醇加2,4 - d) 2.0 kg a.i ha-1, Orizo plus ?2.0 kg a.i hm -1，播后6周补锄除草(SHW)，播后3周、6周和9周三次锄除草，并进行杂草检查。所有不同组合的处理均采用完全随机区组设计，采用3个重复的裂图排列。结果表明:在0 ~ 90 kg hm -1施氮量范围内，随施氮量的增加，杂草密度和干物质显著增加(p?0.05);同样，当施氮量达到90 kg hm -1时，作物活力和株高显著增加(p?0.05)。而60和90 kg N hm -1处理对水稻分蘖数、叶面积指数和产量性状的增加效果相同。与杂草对照相比，不同杂草防治方法对水稻生长和产量的影响均显著(p?0.05)降低了杂草密度和干物质。Orizo Plus?在6 WAS和3个锄草制度下施用SHW显著(p?0.05)降低了杂草密度和干物质，增加了分蘖数、穗重和籽粒产量。用Orizo Plus?施氮量增加后，水稻产量显著提高(p?0.05)。然而，对于Orizo Plus?单独施用时，增加施氮量对水稻产量无显著影响。这些结果表明，Orizo Plus?在尼日利亚的热带雨林-稀树草原过渡地带，2.0 kg a.iha-1的施氮量和90kg a.iha-1的施氮量相结合，可有效控制杂草，提高水稻产量。
{"title":"Effect of nitrogen levels and weed management methods on weed abundance and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"E. Kolo, A. J. Adigun, R. O. Adeyemi, S. Daramola, G. Bodunde","doi":"10.2298/jas2002137k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2002137k","url":null,"abstract":"Weed infestation and inherent low soil fertility are among the major factors attributed to the low yield of rice in Nigeria. Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application levels and weed control methods on growth and yield of upland rice (var. NERICA 2) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07o 15?N, 03o 25?E) during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Three nitrogen (N) levels (0, 60 and 90 kg/ha) were evaluated and they constituted the main plot treatments, while three weed control treatments, viz: pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? (propanil plus 2, 4-D) at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1, Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and three hoe-weeding regimes at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, and a weedy check constituted the sub-plot treatments. All the treatments in different combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. Results indicated a significant (p?0.05) increase in weed density and dry matter with an increase in N application level from 0 to 90 kg ha-1. Similarly, crop vigour and plant height increased significantly (p?0.05) with increasing N application levels up to 90 kg ha-1. However, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1 were at par in increasing the number of tillers, leaf area index and yield attributes of rice. All the weed control methods resulted in a significant (p?0.05) reduction in weed density and dry matter with subsequent increase in rice growth and yield than the weedy check. Pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? followed by SHW at 6 WAS and three hoe-weeding regimes resulted in significantly (p?0.05) lower weed density and dry matter, and a higher number of tillers, panicle weight and grain yield than a sole application of Orizo Plus?. With Orizo Plus? followed by one SHW or three hoe-weeding regimes, increasing N application levels resulted in a significant (p?0.05) increase in grain yield of rice. However, with Orizo Plus? applied alone, increasing N application levels did not increase rice grain yield. These results suggest that Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.iha-1 followed by one SHW at 6 WAS integrated with N application at 90 kg ha-1 is adequate to effectively control weeds and increase rice yield in the rainforest-savannah transition zone of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"501 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77813185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Daramola, R. O. Adeyemi, A. J. Adigun, O. Adejuyigbe, M. P. Olorunmaiye
Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of different periods of weed interference on weed infestation, growth and yield of soybean in 2016-2017 cropping seasons. In both years, soybean grain yields ranged from 888- 1148 kg ha -1 in plots where weeds were allowed to grow until harvest to 2103- 2389 kg ha -1 in plots where weeds were controlled until harvest, indicating a 52- 58% yield loss with uncontrolled weed growth. Weed interference until 3 weeks after sowing (WAS) had no detrimental effect on soybean growth and yield provided the weeds were subsequently removed. However, further delay in weed removal until 6 WAS or longer depressed soybean growth and resulted in irrevocable yield reduction, with the number of pods per plant being the most affected yield component. For optimum growth and yield, it was only necessary to keep the crop weed-free between 3 and 6 WAS.
{"title":"The effect of the period of weed interference on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)","authors":"S. Daramola, R. O. Adeyemi, A. J. Adigun, O. Adejuyigbe, M. P. Olorunmaiye","doi":"10.2298/jas2003225d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2003225d","url":null,"abstract":"Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of different periods of weed interference on weed infestation, growth and yield of soybean in 2016-2017 cropping seasons. In both years, soybean grain yields ranged from 888- 1148 kg ha -1 in plots where weeds were allowed to grow until harvest to 2103- 2389 kg ha -1 in plots where weeds were controlled until harvest, indicating a 52- 58% yield loss with uncontrolled weed growth. Weed interference until 3 weeks after sowing (WAS) had no detrimental effect on soybean growth and yield provided the weeds were subsequently removed. However, further delay in weed removal until 6 WAS or longer depressed soybean growth and resulted in irrevocable yield reduction, with the number of pods per plant being the most affected yield component. For optimum growth and yield, it was only necessary to keep the crop weed-free between 3 and 6 WAS.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81059260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenology of flowering was studied in 50 apricot cultivars in the Belgrade region over a period of eight years (2009-2016). Within the flowering phenophase, three sub-phases were registered: the beginning of flowering, full flowering and the end of flowering. In addition, the duration and abundance of flowering were examined. The average date of the beginning of flowering for all cultivars was March 22, of full flowering - March 25, and of the end of flowering - April 1. The average duration of flowering was 9.7 days, with a range among cultivars between 7.5 days ('Gergana') and 12 days ('Ninfa ' and 'Radka'). The lowest average score (3.0) for flowering intensity was obtained in 'Hungarian Best' cultivar, and the highest score (4.6) in 'Harcot' and 'Leskora' cultivars. In years with higher temperatures during the flowering, a smaller range in flowering time among cultivars was recorded, as well as shorter duration of flowering. Based on the beginning of flowering, the tested cultivars were classified into three groups: early-flowering (14 cultivars), medium-flowering (21 cultivars) and late-flowering (15 cultivars). Meteorological factors (air temperature) had a greater influence on the course and duration of the flowering phenophase than the genetic traits of the cultivars.
{"title":"Flowering phenology of apricot cultivars in the Belgrade region","authors":"D. Milatovic, G. Zec, D. Djurovic, M. Ruml","doi":"10.2298/jas2003239m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2003239m","url":null,"abstract":"The phenology of flowering was studied in 50 apricot cultivars in the Belgrade region over a period of eight years (2009-2016). Within the flowering phenophase, three sub-phases were registered: the beginning of flowering, full flowering and the end of flowering. In addition, the duration and abundance of flowering were examined. The average date of the beginning of flowering for all cultivars was March 22, of full flowering - March 25, and of the end of flowering - April 1. The average duration of flowering was 9.7 days, with a range among cultivars between 7.5 days ('Gergana') and 12 days ('Ninfa ' and 'Radka'). The lowest average score (3.0) for flowering intensity was obtained in 'Hungarian Best' cultivar, and the highest score (4.6) in 'Harcot' and 'Leskora' cultivars. In years with higher temperatures during the flowering, a smaller range in flowering time among cultivars was recorded, as well as shorter duration of flowering. Based on the beginning of flowering, the tested cultivars were classified into three groups: early-flowering (14 cultivars), medium-flowering (21 cultivars) and late-flowering (15 cultivars). Meteorological factors (air temperature) had a greater influence on the course and duration of the flowering phenophase than the genetic traits of the cultivars.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"63 1","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84765577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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