Soil erosion has been at the forefront of the degradation of soils under different land-use types in southeast Nigeria. Hence, this research aimed to determine the erodibility of the soils under different land-use types in Mbano. The four land-use types selected were oil palm plantation (OP), cassava farm (CF), pineapple orchard (PO) and plantain plantation (PP). However, clay dispersion ratio (CDR), clay dispersion index (CDI) and clay flocculation index (CFI) were the erodibility indices used. A total of 5 composite samples were collected randomly from each type of the land-uses at a depth of 0-20 cm using the free survey. The samples were subjected to laboratory analysis. Data generated were analyzed statistically using a completely randomized design of analyses of variance (ANOVA) and correlation. CDR had an increasing order of 47.9% <48.16% <51.49% <56.24% for soils under CF, PP, PO and OP, while CDI had 36.44%, 29.06%, 40.96% and 49.04% for soils under OP, CF, PO and PP land uses. CFI had 63.62%, 71.24%, 59.14% and 50.96% for soils under OP, CF, PO and PP, respectively. The ANOVA indicated that studied erodibility indices had no significant difference (p=0.05) among the soils under the different land-uses. The research will unite farmers and other land-users in adopting only good conservation practices that will aid the sustainability of the area.
{"title":"Evaluation of erodibility indices and soil properties affected by land-use types in Mbano, south-east Nigeria","authors":"N. Osujieke, N. B. Aririguzo, M. C. Ahukaemere","doi":"10.2298/JAS2004361O","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2004361O","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion has been at the forefront of the degradation of soils under different land-use types in southeast Nigeria. Hence, this research aimed to determine the erodibility of the soils under different land-use types in Mbano. The four land-use types selected were oil palm plantation (OP), cassava farm (CF), pineapple orchard (PO) and plantain plantation (PP). However, clay dispersion ratio (CDR), clay dispersion index (CDI) and clay flocculation index (CFI) were the erodibility indices used. A total of 5 composite samples were collected randomly from each type of the land-uses at a depth of 0-20 cm using the free survey. The samples were subjected to laboratory analysis. Data generated were analyzed statistically using a completely randomized design of analyses of variance (ANOVA) and correlation. CDR had an increasing order of 47.9% <48.16% <51.49% <56.24% for soils under CF, PP, PO and OP, while CDI had 36.44%, 29.06%, 40.96% and 49.04% for soils under OP, CF, PO and PP land uses. CFI had 63.62%, 71.24%, 59.14% and 50.96% for soils under OP, CF, PO and PP, respectively. The ANOVA indicated that studied erodibility indices had no significant difference (p=0.05) among the soils under the different land-uses. The research will unite farmers and other land-users in adopting only good conservation practices that will aid the sustainability of the area.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90090263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined the effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Namely, 300 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were fed a starter diet from 1 to 4 weeks and a finisher diet for the last 4 weeks. Birds were randomly assigned to treatments based on antioxidant supplementation in drinking water at 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ordinary water (OW), 0.02% sweet orange peel extract (SOPE), 0.02% shaddock peel extract (SHPE) and 0.02% lemon peel extract (LMPE) per litre of water in a completely randomized design experiment. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded on a weekly basis. Three birds were selected in each treatment and slaughtered for meat quality determination. BHA and LMPE treatments had the best weight gain and feed conversion efficiency at the significance level (p<0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the shear force (force peak and yield) in the dietary antioxidants fed to the birds. Sensory parameters (taste, aroma and overall acceptability) show significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the treatments. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in appearance and texture perception amongst treatments. Finally, significant differences (p<0.05) in the lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of the meat samples were observed amongst the treatments. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the yellowness (b*) amongst the treatments. It can be concluded that broiler birds fed SOPE, SHPE and LMPE treatments performed better and that these treatments enhanced the meat quality of the birds when compared to BHA and OW treatments.
{"title":"Effects of natural antioxidant extract supplementation on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens","authors":"H. Ishola, Z. Jiya, Y. AdamA., J. Alabi","doi":"10.2298/JAS2004405I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2004405I","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Namely, 300 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were fed a starter diet from 1 to 4 weeks and a finisher diet for the last 4 weeks. Birds were randomly assigned to treatments based on antioxidant supplementation in drinking water at 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ordinary water (OW), 0.02% sweet orange peel extract (SOPE), 0.02% shaddock peel extract (SHPE) and 0.02% lemon peel extract (LMPE) per litre of water in a completely randomized design experiment. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded on a weekly basis. Three birds were selected in each treatment and slaughtered for meat quality determination. BHA and LMPE treatments had the best weight gain and feed conversion efficiency at the significance level (p<0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the shear force (force peak and yield) in the dietary antioxidants fed to the birds. Sensory parameters (taste, aroma and overall acceptability) show significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the treatments. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in appearance and texture perception amongst treatments. Finally, significant differences (p<0.05) in the lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of the meat samples were observed amongst the treatments. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the yellowness (b*) amongst the treatments. It can be concluded that broiler birds fed SOPE, SHPE and LMPE treatments performed better and that these treatments enhanced the meat quality of the birds when compared to BHA and OW treatments.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78097708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genetic characterization of Clarias gariepinus was conducted in this study. Thirty (30) C. gariepinus specimens were collected, fifteen (15) each from the wild and farms in northeastern Nigeria for their genetic relatedness and diversity using the RAPD markers. DNA extraction from the blood sample was performed using the Gene Jet Genomic DNA Purification Kit. Five primers were used in employing PCR and amplified 402 RAPD bands from the four strains of Clarias gariepinus. Three hundred and six (76.12%) bands were polymorphic while 86 (21.39%) were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism obtained from farmed and wild populations ranged from 58 (47.3%) to 69 (75.9%), respectively. The polymorphic bands per loci within the populations ranged from 67.9% to 82.0%. The mean numbers of inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were 0.083 and 0.053 in the farmed and wild populations. Gene diversity values within farmed and wild populations (Ht) were 0.4522 and 0.4018. The mean genetic differentiation (FST) ranged between (0.203) in the farmed and 0.129 in the wild populations. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that there was 96% of genetic variance within the population and 4% among the population. The genetic identity and distance of four populations were 0.9490 and 0.1038, respectively. The phylogenetic measure has shown that the four strains were divided into two clusters at approximately 0.089 similarity levels. The result indicated a significant level of genetic variation and minimal dendrogram separation in Clarias gariepinus in northeastern Nigeria. Conclusively, this information will be a useful tool for the genetic and breeding program of Clarias gariepinus.
{"title":"Genetic characterization of farmed and wild populations of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) using the random amplified polymorphic marker","authors":"S. Suleiman, M. Diyaware, M. Aliyu, Z. Mohammed","doi":"10.2298/JAS2004375S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2004375S","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic characterization of Clarias gariepinus was conducted in this study. Thirty (30) C. gariepinus specimens were collected, fifteen (15) each from the wild and farms in northeastern Nigeria for their genetic relatedness and diversity using the RAPD markers. DNA extraction from the blood sample was performed using the Gene Jet Genomic DNA Purification Kit. Five primers were used in employing PCR and amplified 402 RAPD bands from the four strains of Clarias gariepinus. Three hundred and six (76.12%) bands were polymorphic while 86 (21.39%) were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism obtained from farmed and wild populations ranged from 58 (47.3%) to 69 (75.9%), respectively. The polymorphic bands per loci within the populations ranged from 67.9% to 82.0%. The mean numbers of inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were 0.083 and 0.053 in the farmed and wild populations. Gene diversity values within farmed and wild populations (Ht) were 0.4522 and 0.4018. The mean genetic differentiation (FST) ranged between (0.203) in the farmed and 0.129 in the wild populations. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that there was 96% of genetic variance within the population and 4% among the population. The genetic identity and distance of four populations were 0.9490 and 0.1038, respectively. The phylogenetic measure has shown that the four strains were divided into two clusters at approximately 0.089 similarity levels. The result indicated a significant level of genetic variation and minimal dendrogram separation in Clarias gariepinus in northeastern Nigeria. Conclusively, this information will be a useful tool for the genetic and breeding program of Clarias gariepinus.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81600961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effects of integrated nutrient management on oil, protein, grain yield and some traits of soybean, we conducted a factorial experiment involving 4 bio-fertilizer (no inoculation, inoculation with Barvar-2, inoculation with Biosoy and dual inoculation with Biosoy and Barvar-2) and 3 chemical fertilizer levels (no chemical fertilizer, 66 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 50 kg ha-1 urea, 132 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 100 kg ha-1 urea) with 100% chemical fertilizer (200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 150 kg ha-1 urea) as control base in a randomized complete block with four replications at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. Analysis of variance showed that treatment combinations affected most of the traits (P>0.01). We used the biplot analysis as the treatment ? trait (TT) biplot to determine the best treatment combinations and traits. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 94 and 96% of the total variant of the standardized data in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Accordingly, application of Biosoy and 150 kg ha-1 urea + 200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate significantly increased stem height at harvest, number of grains per plant, biomass, hundred-grain weight, oil and protein yield, protein percent and grain yield compared to the other treatment combinations. The results showed that there were positive correlations between these traits. Also, non-inoculated plants and no chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased oil percent. The results indicate that higher-yielding treatment combinations had lower oil percent. The biplot was used for ranking of treatment combinations based on a single trait. These study results suggest that bio-fertilizers had a positive influence on soybean and that they could diminish the use of chemical fertilizers. The study reveals that the TT biplot was able to graphically show the interrelationships between traits and support visual comparison of treatments.
为研究综合营养管理对大豆油脂、蛋白质、籽粒产量及部分性状的影响，采用4种生物肥料(不接种、接种Barvar-2、接种Biosoy、双接种Biosoy和Barvar-2)和3种化肥水平(不施用化肥、66 kg ha-1磷酸二铵+ 50 kg ha-1尿素、在伊朗mohaghh Ardabili大学研究农场，采用4个重复的随机完全区试验，以132 kg ha-1磷酸二铵+ 100 kg ha-1尿素为对照，100%化肥(200 kg ha-1磷酸二铵+ 150 kg ha-1尿素)为对照。方差分析表明，组合处理对大部分性状有影响(P>0.01)。我们使用双图分析作为治疗方法。性状(TT)双标图确定最佳处理组合和性状。前两个主成分(PC1和PC2)分别解释了2017年和2018年标准化数据总变异的94%和96%。因此，与其他处理组合相比，施用生物大豆和150 kg ha-1尿素+ 200 kg ha-1磷酸二铵显著提高了收获期茎高、单株粒数、生物量、百粒重、油蛋白产量、蛋白质百分比和籽粒产量。结果表明，这些性状之间存在正相关关系。未接种和不施肥处理显著提高了含油量。结果表明，高产处理组合含油率较低。双标图用于根据单个性状对处理组合进行排序。这些研究结果表明，生物肥料对大豆有积极的影响，可以减少化肥的使用。研究表明，TT双标图能够以图形方式显示性状之间的相互关系，并支持对处理进行视觉比较。
{"title":"Evaluation of integrated nitrogen and phosphorous management using the TT biplot method in soybean","authors":"M. Shiri, Morteza Kamrani, Asghar Ebadi","doi":"10.2298/jas2001019s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2001019s","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of integrated nutrient management on oil, protein, grain yield and some traits of soybean, we conducted a factorial experiment involving 4 bio-fertilizer (no inoculation, inoculation with Barvar-2, inoculation with Biosoy and dual inoculation with Biosoy and Barvar-2) and 3 chemical fertilizer levels (no chemical fertilizer, 66 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 50 kg ha-1 urea, 132 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 100 kg ha-1 urea) with 100% chemical fertilizer (200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 150 kg ha-1 urea) as control base in a randomized complete block with four replications at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. Analysis of variance showed that treatment combinations affected most of the traits (P>0.01). We used the biplot analysis as the treatment ? trait (TT) biplot to determine the best treatment combinations and traits. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 94 and 96% of the total variant of the standardized data in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Accordingly, application of Biosoy and 150 kg ha-1 urea + 200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate significantly increased stem height at harvest, number of grains per plant, biomass, hundred-grain weight, oil and protein yield, protein percent and grain yield compared to the other treatment combinations. The results showed that there were positive correlations between these traits. Also, non-inoculated plants and no chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased oil percent. The results indicate that higher-yielding treatment combinations had lower oil percent. The biplot was used for ranking of treatment combinations based on a single trait. These study results suggest that bio-fertilizers had a positive influence on soybean and that they could diminish the use of chemical fertilizers. The study reveals that the TT biplot was able to graphically show the interrelationships between traits and support visual comparison of treatments.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82536784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All over the world, attention has been drawn to the use of eco-friendly biochar application to improve crop productivity. In Ghana, there are available potential feedstocks left unused and can be used for the production of biochar. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different rates of rice husk biochar and different rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) on the growth of Zea mays in Nyankpala, Northern Ghana. Field experiments were conducted in the cropping period of 2012. The treatments involved 4 different rates of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (0 kg Nha-1, 30 kg Nha-1, 60 kg Nha-1 and 90 kg Nha-1) and 3 different rates of rice husk biochar (0 ton ha-1, 2 ton ha-1 and 4 ton ha-1). The treatments were allocated in a split-plot design with three replications. The vegetative parameters assessed were the number of leaves, plant height and plant girth. Treatments showed a significant (p<0.05) influence on all the traits considered. The combined effects of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and rice husk biochar significantly influenced the vegetative growth parameters of Zea mays with the maximum values recorded at 4 ton ha-1rice husk biochar. Yet, this observation corresponds with 2 ton ha-1 rice husk biochar which recorded optimum growth parameters compared to the control. Within the limit of this work, it was concluded that growth parameters of Zea mays in the Guinea Savannah Eco-Zone of Ghana could significantly be improved by applying 4 ton ha-1 rice husk biochar. Integrated soil fertility management (ISFM), a prudent combination of inorganic fertilizers and residues from various sources to sustain the environment is currently a necessity. The experiment revealed that the application of rice husk biochar can improve the growth parameters of Zea mays. Yet, further experiments need to be done using higher rates of rice husk biochar to ensure the appropriate rate of biochar application.
在世界范围内，利用生态友好型生物炭来提高作物生产力已经引起了人们的关注。在加纳，有可利用的未使用的潜在原料，可用于生产生物炭。因此，本研究在加纳北部Nyankpala研究了不同稻壳生物炭用量和不同无机氮用量对玉米生长的影响。田间试验于2012年种植期进行。施用4种不同量的无机氮肥(0 kg hm -1、30 kg hm -1、60 kg hm -1和90 kg hm -1)和3种不同量的稻壳生物炭(0 t hm -1、2 t hm -1和4 t hm -1)。处理被分配为3个重复的分裂地块设计。评估的营养参数为叶片数、株高和株周长。处理对所有性状均有显著影响(p<0.05)。无机氮肥与稻壳生物炭的联合施用显著影响玉米的营养生长参数，在4吨/吨稻壳生物炭时达到最大值。然而，这一观察结果与2吨/公顷稻壳生物炭相对应，与对照相比，它记录了最佳的生长参数。在本研究范围内，施用4吨/公顷的稻壳生物炭可显著改善加纳几内亚大草原生态区玉米的生长参数。综合土壤肥力管理(ISFM)，谨慎地结合无机肥料和各种来源的残留物来维持环境，目前是必要的。试验结果表明，稻壳生物炭的施用可以改善玉米的生长参数。然而，进一步的实验需要使用更高的稻壳生物炭用量来确保适当的生物炭用量。
{"title":"Influence of integrated soil fertility management on the vegetative growth parameters of Zea mays in the guinea savanna eco-zone of Ghana","authors":"A. Ammal, A. Abunyewa, E. Yeboah","doi":"10.2298/jas2002187a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2002187a","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world, attention has been drawn to the use of eco-friendly biochar application to improve crop productivity. In Ghana, there are available potential feedstocks left unused and can be used for the production of biochar. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different rates of rice husk biochar and different rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) on the growth of Zea mays in Nyankpala, Northern Ghana. Field experiments were conducted in the cropping period of 2012. The treatments involved 4 different rates of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (0 kg Nha-1, 30 kg Nha-1, 60 kg Nha-1 and 90 kg Nha-1) and 3 different rates of rice husk biochar (0 ton ha-1, 2 ton ha-1 and 4 ton ha-1). The treatments were allocated in a split-plot design with three replications. The vegetative parameters assessed were the number of leaves, plant height and plant girth. Treatments showed a significant (p<0.05) influence on all the traits considered. The combined effects of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and rice husk biochar significantly influenced the vegetative growth parameters of Zea mays with the maximum values recorded at 4 ton ha-1rice husk biochar. Yet, this observation corresponds with 2 ton ha-1 rice husk biochar which recorded optimum growth parameters compared to the control. Within the limit of this work, it was concluded that growth parameters of Zea mays in the Guinea Savannah Eco-Zone of Ghana could significantly be improved by applying 4 ton ha-1 rice husk biochar. Integrated soil fertility management (ISFM), a prudent combination of inorganic fertilizers and residues from various sources to sustain the environment is currently a necessity. The experiment revealed that the application of rice husk biochar can improve the growth parameters of Zea mays. Yet, further experiments need to be done using higher rates of rice husk biochar to ensure the appropriate rate of biochar application.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75921911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we analyzed the tendencies of plant production in the Republic of Serbia and at the level of the territorial units Serbia-North and Serbia-South (NUTS 1), for the period 2009-2018 through the indicators of the coverage of areas and an average yield of 28 plant crops. The aim of the paper is to point out the differences in the representation of areas under different types of crops and to indicate the degree of their agreement between the mentioned territorial units by Spearman's correlation coefficient. For the analysis of the observed indicators, the methods of descriptive statistics, as well as Spearman's correlation coefficient, were used. The data indicate that the Serbia-North region is dominated by areas under cereals, industrial crops, peas and peaches, while the Serbia-South region is covered by areas under fodder crops, vegetable crops (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, onion, garlic, beans, cucumber, melons and watermelons) and perennial crops. The average yields of the observed crops differ significantly between the regions of Serbia-North and Serbia-South. Spearmen's correlation coefficient of the indicators of the coverage of areas indicated a high degree of stacking of areas under wheat and tobacco (0.927**), as well as areas under lucerne and clover with areas under fruit plantations. Also, a high degree of stacking of areas under maize and peas (0.798**) was established, but also between areas under sunflower and soya (0.891**).
{"title":"Tendencies of plant production in the Republic of Serbia and at the level NUTS 1","authors":"Biljana Lj, M. S. Roljevic-Nikolic, V. Subic","doi":"10.2298/jas2001069g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2001069g","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyzed the tendencies of plant production in the Republic of Serbia and at the level of the territorial units Serbia-North and Serbia-South (NUTS 1), for the period 2009-2018 through the indicators of the coverage of areas and an average yield of 28 plant crops. The aim of the paper is to point out the differences in the representation of areas under different types of crops and to indicate the degree of their agreement between the mentioned territorial units by Spearman's correlation coefficient. For the analysis of the observed indicators, the methods of descriptive statistics, as well as Spearman's correlation coefficient, were used. The data indicate that the Serbia-North region is dominated by areas under cereals, industrial crops, peas and peaches, while the Serbia-South region is covered by areas under fodder crops, vegetable crops (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, onion, garlic, beans, cucumber, melons and watermelons) and perennial crops. The average yields of the observed crops differ significantly between the regions of Serbia-North and Serbia-South. Spearmen's correlation coefficient of the indicators of the coverage of areas indicated a high degree of stacking of areas under wheat and tobacco (0.927**), as well as areas under lucerne and clover with areas under fruit plantations. Also, a high degree of stacking of areas under maize and peas (0.798**) was established, but also between areas under sunflower and soya (0.891**).","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86653696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as affected by the row arrangement and population density of maize (Zea mays L.). The full population of sesame in two-row arrangements (1:1) and (2:2) was combined with four population densities of maize viz: 100S:100M; 100S:75M; 100S:50M and 100S:25M (where S and M represented sesame and maize, respectively). Sole crops of sesame and maize at full population were included in the treatments as control. The number of pods per plant (NPP), length of fruit zone (LFZ), and yield of sesame were significantly (P?0.5) influenced by the interactive effect of population ratios and row arrangements. These variables increased as the population of associated maize decreased. All variables measured in maize were influenced by population density and row arrangement except for the number of cobs per plant (NCP), cob length (CL), and cob circumference (CC). Regardless of spatial arrangement and population density, the aggressivity (A) value was positive for sesame and negative for maize. The competitive ratio (CR) values were also higher in sesame than in maize. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) values, for all population ratios tested, indicated the intercropping advantage with the highest value recorded at a full population of sesame mixed with fifty percent population of maize in a 2:2-row arrangement and hence, recommended for adoption.
{"title":"Effects of spatial arrangement and population density on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a sesame/maize intercrop","authors":"A. Isaac, K. Oyebisi, S. Kayode, S. A. Mojisola","doi":"10.2298/JAS2004337I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2004337I","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as affected by the row arrangement and population density of maize (Zea mays L.). The full population of sesame in two-row arrangements (1:1) and (2:2) was combined with four population densities of maize viz: 100S:100M; 100S:75M; 100S:50M and 100S:25M (where S and M represented sesame and maize, respectively). Sole crops of sesame and maize at full population were included in the treatments as control. The number of pods per plant (NPP), length of fruit zone (LFZ), and yield of sesame were significantly (P?0.5) influenced by the interactive effect of population ratios and row arrangements. These variables increased as the population of associated maize decreased. All variables measured in maize were influenced by population density and row arrangement except for the number of cobs per plant (NCP), cob length (CL), and cob circumference (CC). Regardless of spatial arrangement and population density, the aggressivity (A) value was positive for sesame and negative for maize. The competitive ratio (CR) values were also higher in sesame than in maize. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) values, for all population ratios tested, indicated the intercropping advantage with the highest value recorded at a full population of sesame mixed with fifty percent population of maize in a 2:2-row arrangement and hence, recommended for adoption.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86897487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Mitrović, D. Todorovic, J. Ajtić, Borjana Vranjes
This review paper discusses the content of natural (40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides in the soil of the mountains of Maljen, Tara and Kopaonik in the Republic of Serbia over 2002-2015. In addition, the paper gives radiation hazard parameters, i.e., radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, external hazard index, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk outdoors that we calculated from the obtained content of the natural radionuclides in the soil samples. We compared the parameters to previously published results for different parts of the country and looked into the radioecological status of the investigated areas.
{"title":"A review: Natural and artificial radionuclides and radiation hazard parameters in the soil of mountain regions in Serbia","authors":"B. Mitrović, D. Todorovic, J. Ajtić, Borjana Vranjes","doi":"10.2298/jas2001001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2001001m","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper discusses the content of natural (40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides in the soil of the mountains of Maljen, Tara and Kopaonik in the Republic of Serbia over 2002-2015. In addition, the paper gives radiation hazard parameters, i.e., radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, external hazard index, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk outdoors that we calculated from the obtained content of the natural radionuclides in the soil samples. We compared the parameters to previously published results for different parts of the country and looked into the radioecological status of the investigated areas.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82969948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Červenski, S. Medic-Pap, D. Danojević, A. Savić, D. Bugarski
Intensive vegetable production nowadays is a large ?energy consumer?. Producers look only at the economic side of such production, which is most often the excuse for its current realization. Intensive vegetable production is now reduced to cultivating several vegetable species, more often in the single-crop system. By thinking this way we bring the entire production into an unsustainable situation. Therefore, vegetable production in a greenhouse should be organized by growing preceding crops, main crops and stubble crops. Intensive vegetable production implies the maximally well-organized use of available land and resources. This includes proper crop rotation and cultivation practices, as well as knowledge of the market, as a possibility of placing excess production. With the good organization of crop rotation and the timely replacement of crops, we can transform a greenhouse into a useful place for vegetable production.
{"title":"The importance of crop rotation in intensive vegetable production in a greenhouse","authors":"J. Červenski, S. Medic-Pap, D. Danojević, A. Savić, D. Bugarski","doi":"10.2298/jas2003199c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2003199c","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive vegetable production nowadays is a large ?energy consumer?. Producers look only at the economic side of such production, which is most often the excuse for its current realization. Intensive vegetable production is now reduced to cultivating several vegetable species, more often in the single-crop system. By thinking this way we bring the entire production into an unsustainable situation. Therefore, vegetable production in a greenhouse should be organized by growing preceding crops, main crops and stubble crops. Intensive vegetable production implies the maximally well-organized use of available land and resources. This includes proper crop rotation and cultivation practices, as well as knowledge of the market, as a possibility of placing excess production. With the good organization of crop rotation and the timely replacement of crops, we can transform a greenhouse into a useful place for vegetable production.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80565383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postharvest losses as a result of anthracnose infection remain a serious threat to mango producers. Hence, histopathology of mango fruits after being artificially infected with spores of Colletotrichum sp. was investigated. Fruits at the physiologically mature stage were wounded (cut) in the peels and inoculated with a spore suspension of Colletotrichum sp. (8.04 ? 103 conidia m1-1) and incubated at 28?2?C for five days to allow pathogen establishment. The infected peel was then carefully cut with a razor blade and dehydrated in series in different grades (50, 70, 80, 90 and 100%) of ethyl alcohol for 1? hours each. Histopathological studies were carried out on the infected peel tissue excised from inoculated fruits using standard procedures while unwounded peels of fruits that were not artificially inoculated served as control. Sections were examined by light microscopy to observe histopathological differences between the infected and non-infected fruits. Results from this study revealed that only the wounded peel showed symptoms of anthracnose infection as a result of the artificial inoculation, but the unwounded peel showed no disease symptoms. This showed that the fungus infected the mango fruits through the peel wounds. Besides, the disorganization of the cells and the rupture of the cell walls were observed microscopically, thus indicating disease establishment in the infected fruits. Therefore, mango producers should avoid mechanical damage to fruits during harvesting since this work confirms that the fungus infects mango fruits through wounds.
{"title":"Histopathology of Colletotrichum sp. in infected mango (Magnifera indica L.) fruits","authors":"O. Oladele","doi":"10.2298/JAS2004351O","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2004351O","url":null,"abstract":"Postharvest losses as a result of anthracnose infection remain a serious threat to mango producers. Hence, histopathology of mango fruits after being artificially infected with spores of Colletotrichum sp. was investigated. Fruits at the physiologically mature stage were wounded (cut) in the peels and inoculated with a spore suspension of Colletotrichum sp. (8.04 ? 103 conidia m1-1) and incubated at 28?2?C for five days to allow pathogen establishment. The infected peel was then carefully cut with a razor blade and dehydrated in series in different grades (50, 70, 80, 90 and 100%) of ethyl alcohol for 1? hours each. Histopathological studies were carried out on the infected peel tissue excised from inoculated fruits using standard procedures while unwounded peels of fruits that were not artificially inoculated served as control. Sections were examined by light microscopy to observe histopathological differences between the infected and non-infected fruits. Results from this study revealed that only the wounded peel showed symptoms of anthracnose infection as a result of the artificial inoculation, but the unwounded peel showed no disease symptoms. This showed that the fungus infected the mango fruits through the peel wounds. Besides, the disorganization of the cells and the rupture of the cell walls were observed microscopically, thus indicating disease establishment in the infected fruits. Therefore, mango producers should avoid mechanical damage to fruits during harvesting since this work confirms that the fungus infects mango fruits through wounds.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90116460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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