Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102445
Bo Zhang , Guo-Ting Yuan , Peng Han , Krutmuang Patcharin , Perumal Vivekanandhan , Jin-Long Zhang , Jiao Kong , Guo-Hua Chen , Xiao-Ming Zhang
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is among the most serious threats to global agricultural production. Biological control of B. tabaci using the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan is effective on various crops. However,the biological control of B. tabaci could be affected by various abiotic factors. Understanding the effects of temperature on parasitoid efficacy is one of the key ascpects in this case. In this study, the functional response, searching efficiency, and parasitism preference of E. formosa on early and late nymphal instars of B. tabaci at different temperatures were investigated. We found that the functional response conformed to the type II model at 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 °C. The parasitoid efficiency of E. formosa toward nymphal B. tabaci was the highest at 28 °C. Searching efficiency of E. formosa decreased with the increase in host density. The Hassell-Varley interference model simulation indicated intraspecific interference in E. formosa. E. formosa preferred to parasitize late instar nymphs of B. tabaci compared to the early instar nymphs. In conclusion, E. formosa releases at 25–31 °C with a parasitoid-to-host ratio of 1:50 is considered optimal to control B. tabaci in field, which minimizes costs and maximizes parasitism rate.
{"title":"Functional response and instar preference of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different densities and temperatures","authors":"Bo Zhang , Guo-Ting Yuan , Peng Han , Krutmuang Patcharin , Perumal Vivekanandhan , Jin-Long Zhang , Jiao Kong , Guo-Hua Chen , Xiao-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) is among the most serious threats to global agricultural production. Biological control of <em>B. tabaci</em> using the parasitoid <em>Encarsia formosa</em> Gahan is effective on various crops. However,the biological control of <em>B. tabaci</em> could be affected by various abiotic factors. Understanding the effects of temperature on parasitoid efficacy is one of the key ascpects in this case. In this study, the functional response, searching efficiency, and parasitism preference of <em>E. formosa</em> on early and late nymphal instars of <em>B. tabaci</em> at different temperatures were investigated. We found that the functional response conformed to the type II model at 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 °C. The parasitoid efficiency of <em>E. formosa</em> toward nymphal <em>B. tabaci</em> was the highest at 28 °C. Searching efficiency of <em>E. formosa</em> decreased with the increase in host density. The Hassell-Varley interference model simulation indicated intraspecific interference in <em>E. formosa</em>. <em>E. formosa</em> preferred to parasitize late instar nymphs of <em>B. tabaci</em> compared to the early instar nymphs. In conclusion, <em>E. formosa</em> releases at 25–31 °C with a parasitoid-to-host ratio of 1:50 is considered optimal to control <em>B. tabaci</em> in field, which minimizes costs and maximizes parasitism rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102446
Junbo Tong , Sergei E. Tshernyshev , Romain Nattier , Haoyu Liu , Yuxia Yang
The genus YunnanebaeusWittmer, 1996 is reviewed. Four new species, Y. uncinellus Tong & Yang sp. nov., Y. rectus Tong & Yang sp. nov., Y. forcipatus Tong & Yang sp. nov. and Y. furcatus Tong & Yang sp. nov. are described and illustrated. A new combination, Y. spinosus (Wittmer, 1995) comb. nov., is proposed after examining the type specimen. The structures of the elytral apices in female Yunnanebaeus, as well as the ultimate abdominal ventrite and pygidium, are reported and discussed for the first time. The generic diagnosis of Yunnanebaeus is updated. An identification key to all known species of Yunnanebaeus is also provided.
{"title":"Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Yunnanebaeus Wittmer, 1996 (Coleoptera, Malachiidae), with descriptions of four new species","authors":"Junbo Tong , Sergei E. Tshernyshev , Romain Nattier , Haoyu Liu , Yuxia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Yunnanebaeus</em> <span><span>Wittmer, 1996</span></span> is reviewed. Four new species, <em>Y. uncinellus</em> Tong & Yang sp. nov., <em>Y. rectus</em> Tong & Yang sp. nov., <em>Y. forcipatus</em> Tong & Yang sp. nov. and <em>Y. furcatus</em> Tong & Yang sp. nov. are described and illustrated. A new combination, <em>Y. spinosus</em> (Wittmer, 1995) comb. nov., is proposed after examining the type specimen. The structures of the elytral apices in female <em>Yunnanebaeus</em>, as well as the ultimate abdominal ventrite and pygidium, are reported and discussed for the first time. The generic diagnosis of <em>Yunnanebaeus</em> is updated. An identification key to all known species of <em>Yunnanebaeus</em> is also provided.</div><div><span><span>http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7F12E01D-7339-44D6-A943-B489EFF1655C</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102435
Amany E. El-Nagar , Zeinab A. Mohamed , Wafa A.H. Alkherb , Dina F. Alhashdi , Abd El-Aziz M. Mohsen
The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological and behavioral reactions of Italian and Carniolan honey bees (Apis mellifera) to botanical treatments and infestations of Varroa destructor. Measurements of amino acid profiles, enzyme activities, nutrient contents, grooming, and hygienic practices were used to evaluate the effects of infestation and treatments (formic acid, apricot seed extract, garlic oil, and camphor oil). In both bee subspecies, Varroa mite infestation markedly changed the levels of amino acids, especially lowering proline, alanine, and methionine. Essential amino acid levels were higher in uninfested bees, whereas methionine and glutamic acid levels were higher in bees treated with formic acid. In general, the lowest concentrations of amino acids were found in apricot oil. The untreated controls had the highest levels of total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, while the bees treated with garlic oil or formic acid had the lowest levels. While invertase activity peaked in bees treated with apricot oil, the enzymatic activities of GOT, GPT, amylase, and esterases decreased when exposed to formic acid and garlic oil. The enzyme levels of Italian and Carniolan bees varied, with the latter typically exhibiting greater activity. Grooming responses changed over five days after treatment, according to behavioral assays. Apricot extract and garlic oil significantly influenced grooming behavior in colonies, with the highest levels of hygienic behavior observed within the first 24 h. These findings suggest Varroa infestation impairs bee physiology, but certain botanical treatments especially apricot and garlic oils may enhance bee resilience through improved biochemical balance and behavioral defenses.
{"title":"The effects of Varroa destructor infestation and botanical oils on physiological characteristics and mechanism of defensive behavior of Carniolan and Italian Apis mellifera","authors":"Amany E. El-Nagar , Zeinab A. Mohamed , Wafa A.H. Alkherb , Dina F. Alhashdi , Abd El-Aziz M. Mohsen","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological and behavioral reactions of Italian and Carniolan honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) to botanical treatments and infestations of <em>Varroa destructor</em>. Measurements of amino acid profiles, enzyme activities, nutrient contents, grooming, and hygienic practices were used to evaluate the effects of infestation and treatments (formic acid, apricot seed extract, garlic oil, and camphor oil). In both bee subspecies, <em>Varroa</em> mite infestation markedly changed the levels of amino acids, especially lowering proline, alanine, and methionine. Essential amino acid levels were higher in uninfested bees, whereas methionine and glutamic acid levels were higher in bees treated with formic acid. In general, the lowest concentrations of amino acids were found in apricot oil. The untreated controls had the highest levels of total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, while the bees treated with garlic oil or formic acid had the lowest levels. While invertase activity peaked in bees treated with apricot oil, the enzymatic activities of GOT, GPT, amylase, and esterases decreased when exposed to formic acid and garlic oil. The enzyme levels of Italian and Carniolan bees varied, with the latter typically exhibiting greater activity. Grooming responses changed over five days after treatment, according to behavioral assays. Apricot extract and garlic oil significantly influenced grooming behavior in colonies, with the highest levels of hygienic behavior observed within the first 24 h. These findings suggest <em>Varroa</em> infestation impairs bee physiology, but certain botanical treatments especially apricot and garlic oils may enhance bee resilience through improved biochemical balance and behavioral defenses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102443
Ahmet Harmankaya , Serkan Sugeçti , Mustafa Sertçelik , Cihat Çelik , Ender Büyükgüzel , Hacali Necefoğlu , Kemal Büyükgüzel
Environmental pollution resulting from the use of insecticides in conventional pest control necessitates the exploration of novel chemical compounds with reduced toxicity. In this study, the Cd 4-formylbenzoate pyrazine complex was initially investigated in silico to assess its interaction with the juvenile hormone of Galleria mellonella. The binding affinity of the complex to the juvenile hormone was determined to be −8.1 kcal/mol. Based on the strong binding affinity observed in the in silico analysis, the biochemical effects of the complex on G. mellonella hemolymph were further evaluated in vivo. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which are key enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism in the exposed samples. Furthermore, cellular damage was observed in the hemolymph following exposure to the complex. Additionally, crucial metabolic enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase, were adversely affected. Collectively, these findings indicate that the Cd 4-formylbenzoate pyrazine complex exerts toxic effects on the model pest G. mellonella.
{"title":"In vivo and in silico evaluation of the toxicological and biochemical effects of Cd 4-formylbenzoate pyrazine complex on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","authors":"Ahmet Harmankaya , Serkan Sugeçti , Mustafa Sertçelik , Cihat Çelik , Ender Büyükgüzel , Hacali Necefoğlu , Kemal Büyükgüzel","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution resulting from the use of insecticides in conventional pest control necessitates the exploration of novel chemical compounds with reduced toxicity. In this study, the Cd 4-formylbenzoate pyrazine complex was initially investigated in silico to assess its interaction with the juvenile hormone of <em>Galleria mellonella</em>. The binding affinity of the complex to the juvenile hormone was determined to be −8.1 kcal/mol. Based on the strong binding affinity observed in the in silico analysis, the biochemical effects of the complex on <em>G. mellonella</em> hemolymph were further evaluated in vivo. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which are key enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism in the exposed samples. Furthermore, cellular damage was observed in the hemolymph following exposure to the complex. Additionally, crucial metabolic enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase, were adversely affected. Collectively, these findings indicate that the Cd 4-formylbenzoate pyrazine complex exerts toxic effects on the model pest <em>G. mellonella</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102444
Aiying Lu , Leyun Wang
Larval density is an important factor influencing insect growth, development and population dynamics. Under conditions of limited food resources, higher larval density leads to reduced food availability per individual, causing adverse outcomes. When food was abundant, how larval density influences insect performance and its underlying mechanism have been understudied. We compared fitness traits of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), over a wide range of rearing densities (1, 4, 7 and 10 larvae per Petri dish) provided with sufficient common cabbage leaves. Plutella xylostella reared at 10 larvae per container had significant reductions in the pupal weight, realized fecundity, and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower densities. To find out the underlying mechanism, we further tested the hypothesis that the hygiene condition in part mediates larval density-dependent performance of larvae with sufficient food. We investigated the effect of 3 hygiene conditions (clean, control, mess: indicated by feces accumulation rates) on fitness of P. xylostella at the same rearing density (10 larvae per Petri dish) provided with sufficient common cabbage leaves. Results confirmed the important role of hygiene conditions in mediating the responses of larva fitness to larval density that the mess condition significantly reduced the pupal weight, total survival rate, realized fecundity, adult life span, and the development rates of completing a life cycle in comparison to cleaner treatments. These findings highlight that, even with sufficient food, rearing insects in different densities and hygiene conditions can largely affect the fitness outcomes. This provides critical insights for understanding the ecology of insects feeding in high densities.
{"title":"Hygiene conditions explain larval density-dependent performance in Plutella xylostella with sufficient food","authors":"Aiying Lu , Leyun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Larval density is an important factor influencing insect growth, development and population dynamics. Under conditions of limited food resources, higher larval density leads to reduced food availability per individual, causing adverse outcomes. When food was abundant, how larval density influences insect performance and its underlying mechanism have been understudied. We compared fitness traits of <em>Plutella xylostella</em> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), over a wide range of rearing densities (1, 4, 7 and 10 larvae per Petri dish) provided with sufficient common cabbage leaves. <em>Plutella xylostella</em> reared at 10 larvae per container had significant reductions in the pupal weight, realized fecundity, and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower densities. To find out the underlying mechanism, we further tested the hypothesis that the hygiene condition in part mediates larval density-dependent performance of larvae with sufficient food. We investigated the effect of 3 hygiene conditions (clean, control, mess: indicated by feces accumulation rates) on fitness of <em>P. xylostella</em> at the same rearing density (10 larvae per Petri dish) provided with sufficient common cabbage leaves. Results confirmed the important role of hygiene conditions in mediating the responses of larva fitness to larval density that the mess condition significantly reduced the pupal weight, total survival rate, realized fecundity, adult life span, and the development rates of completing a life cycle in comparison to cleaner treatments. These findings highlight that, even with sufficient food, rearing insects in different densities and hygiene conditions can largely affect the fitness outcomes. This provides critical insights for understanding the ecology of insects feeding in high densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102442
Fredrick Ojija , Marco Mng’ong’o , Becky N. Aloo , Gabriel Mayengo , Mlyashimbi Helikumi
Insects are vital to various ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and food sources for many organisms. They dominate diverse terrestrial (e.g., glassland) and aquatic (lakes, oceans, rivers, etc.) ecosystems. Previous studies report that more than half of the estimated 2.0 million species of living organisms identified on our planet are insects. However, global climate change (GCC), characterised by rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, significantly impacts their populations worldwide. We reviewed the literature to provide an overview of GCC events in insects. Collectively, the study findings reveal that global temperature and precipitation change are among the extreme GCC events affecting more than 30% of insect population, distribution, physiology, feeding habits, interactions, migration, and communication across the globe. The climate change intensifies insect cycles and insect damage in agroecosystems. In response, insect species alter their geographic ranges and phenology, changing population dynamics and interactions. GCC also influences reproductive patterns, including mating behaviour and breeding synchrony. Warmer global temperatures might advance or delay insect emergence, causing mismatches with food availability or pollination partners. While some insect populations may adapt, extreme heat events or prolonged droughts exceeding their physiological tolerance result in population declines or local extinctions. Predictions suggest that up to 65% of insect populations could face extinction within the next century due to increasing climate change. Thus, understanding these impacts is essential for predicting the ecological consequences of the GCC and developing effective conservation strategies to mitigate such impacts and protect insect biodiversity and ecosystem services.
{"title":"Effect of global climate change on insect populations, distribution, and its dynamics","authors":"Fredrick Ojija , Marco Mng’ong’o , Becky N. Aloo , Gabriel Mayengo , Mlyashimbi Helikumi","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insects are vital to various ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and food sources for many organisms. They dominate diverse terrestrial (e.g.<em>,</em> glassland) and aquatic (lakes, oceans, rivers, etc.) ecosystems. Previous studies report that more than half of the estimated 2.0 million species of living organisms identified on our planet are insects. However, global climate change (GCC), characterised by rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, significantly impacts their populations worldwide. We reviewed the literature to provide an overview of GCC events in insects. Collectively, the study findings reveal that global temperature and precipitation change are among the extreme GCC events affecting more than 30% of insect population, distribution, physiology, feeding habits, interactions, migration, and communication across the globe. The climate change intensifies insect cycles and insect damage in agroecosystems. In response, insect species alter their geographic ranges and phenology, changing population dynamics and interactions. GCC also influences reproductive patterns, including mating behaviour and breeding synchrony. Warmer global temperatures might advance or delay insect emergence, causing mismatches with food availability or pollination partners. While some insect populations may adapt, extreme heat events or prolonged droughts exceeding their physiological tolerance result in population declines or local extinctions. Predictions suggest that up to 65% of insect populations could face extinction within the next century due to increasing climate change. Thus, understanding these impacts is essential for predicting the ecological consequences of the GCC and developing effective conservation strategies to mitigate such impacts and protect insect biodiversity and ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102441
Young-gyun Park , Naresh Dangi , Un Taek Lim
Azadirachtin may cause acute toxicity and alter behavior of natural enemies. We evaluate the lethal and sublethal effect of five concentrations of azadirachtin through topical application and residual exposure on Riptortus pedestris (F.). Its effects were also assessed against egg parasitoids, Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii, by pre- and post-parasitization treatment of host eggs. The toxicity of azadirachtin to R. pedestris increased significantly with higher concentrations. A morphological deformity in nymphs was also observed in topical application after molting into the next instar. Azadirachtin significantly reduced egg parasitism by G. japonicum and O. nezarae at concentrations of 15 and 10 mL/L. Interestingly, the male ratio of G. japonicum progeny was increased significantly when host eggs were treated with azadirachtin before parasitization. However, the risk levels of azadirachtin to G. japonicum and O. nezarae were classified as harmless and slightly harmful, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mL/L. Thus, this concentration could be a potential alternative to broad-spectrum chemical insecticides for managing R. pedestris.
{"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin on Riptortus pedestris (F.) and its egg parasitoids, Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii","authors":"Young-gyun Park , Naresh Dangi , Un Taek Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Azadirachtin may cause acute toxicity and alter behavior of natural enemies. We evaluate the lethal and sublethal effect of five concentrations of azadirachtin through topical application and residual exposure on <em>Riptortus pedestris</em> (F.). Its effects were also assessed against egg parasitoids, <em>Gryon japonicum</em> (Ashmead) and <em>Ooencyrtus nezarae</em> Ishii, by pre- and post-parasitization treatment of host eggs. The toxicity of azadirachtin to <em>R. pedestris</em> increased significantly with higher concentrations. A morphological deformity in nymphs was also observed in topical application after molting into the next instar. Azadirachtin significantly reduced egg parasitism by <em>G. japonicum</em> and <em>O. nezarae</em> at concentrations of 15 and 10 mL/L. Interestingly, the male ratio of <em>G. japonicum</em> progeny was increased significantly when host eggs were treated with azadirachtin before parasitization. However, the risk levels of azadirachtin to <em>G. japonicum</em> and <em>O. nezarae</em> were classified as harmless and slightly harmful, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mL/L. Thus, this concentration could be a potential alternative to broad-spectrum chemical insecticides for managing <em>R. pedestris</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102440
Xu Chen , Ning Fu , Qingxuan Xu , Chun Zhang , Su Wang , Da Xiao
Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) is a major agricultural pest affecting maize crops in northern and northwestern China. RNA interference (RNAi) technology offers a strategy for sustainable pest control by targeting and silencing specific genes, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigated four genes from M. hieroglyphica genome: V-type ATPase subunit A (MhVATP-A), coat protein complexes I β’ subunit (MhCOPI-β’), cytochrome P450 reductase (MhCPR) and tyrosine decarboxylase (MhTDC) as potential RNAi targets for RNAi-mediated pest control. Through dsRNA injections in adult, we successfully achieved gene silencing in M. hieroglyphica, resulting in significantly reduced expression levels of the target genes. Silencing of MhVATP-A and MhCOPI-β’ resulted in a marked increase in mortality (60–80%), suggesting that these genes play critical roles in essential physiological functions, such as cellular PH regulation and vesicular transport. In contrast, MhCPR suppression resulted in moderate mortality (30%), indicating that while it influences detoxification processes, it may be less effective as a primary target for pest control. MhTDC silencing, involved in nervous system regulation, had no significant impact on adult insect survival, possibly due to compensatory physiological mechanisms. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of RNAi technology to target essential genes in M. hieroglyphica, leading to significant insect mortality. The results highlight MhVATP-A and MhCOPI-β’ as promising targets for RNAi-based transgenic maize, offering a species-specific approach for sustainable pest management in maize production. Further investigation is required to assess the effectiveness of RNAi across different development stages and environmental conditions.
{"title":"Functional characterization of RNAi candidate target genes in Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) for potential pest control applications","authors":"Xu Chen , Ning Fu , Qingxuan Xu , Chun Zhang , Su Wang , Da Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Monolepta hieroglyphica</em> (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) is a major agricultural pest affecting maize crops in northern and northwestern China. RNA interference (RNAi) technology offers a strategy for sustainable pest control by targeting and silencing specific genes, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigated four genes from <em>M. hieroglyphica</em> genome: V-type ATPase subunit A (<em>MhVATP-A</em>), coat protein complexes I <em>β’</em> subunit (<em>MhCOPI-β’</em>), cytochrome P450 reductase (<em>MhCPR</em>) and tyrosine decarboxylase (<em>MhTDC</em>) as potential RNAi targets for RNAi-mediated pest control. Through dsRNA injections in adult, we successfully achieved gene silencing in <em>M. hieroglyphica</em>, resulting in significantly reduced expression levels of the target genes. Silencing of <em>MhVATP-A</em> and <em>MhCOPI-β’</em> resulted in a marked increase in mortality (60–80%), suggesting that these genes play critical roles in essential physiological functions, such as cellular PH regulation and vesicular transport. In contrast, <em>MhCPR</em> suppression resulted in moderate mortality (30%), indicating that while it influences detoxification processes, it may be less effective as a primary target for pest control. <em>MhTDC</em> silencing, involved in nervous system regulation, had no significant impact on adult insect survival, possibly due to compensatory physiological mechanisms. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of RNAi technology to target essential genes in <em>M. hieroglyphica,</em> leading to significant insect mortality. The results highlight <em>MhVATP-A</em> and <em>MhCOPI-β’</em> as promising targets for RNAi-based transgenic maize, offering a species-specific approach for sustainable pest management in maize production. Further investigation is required to assess the effectiveness of RNAi across different development stages and environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102439
Frances Paula L. Miaral , Keisuke Suganuma , Claro N. Mingala , Jose Ma M. Angeles , Derick Erl P. Sumalapao , Thaddeus M. Carvajal , Adrian Miki C. Macalanda , Cristian C. Lucañas , Maria Angenica F. Regilme , Gabriel Alexis S. Tubalinal , Maria Luz B. Belleza , Arlene G. Bertuso
Hematophagous flies of the family Tabanidae (Order Diptera) are important nuisance pests and vectors of several diseases in both animals and humans. In this study, the potential role of tabanids in the transmission of protozoans such as Babesia sp., Theileria sp. and Trypanosoma evansi was determined. Nzi traps were installed near backyard farms in Brgy. Catalanacan, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines from May to June 2023 for the collection of tabanids. The species, relative abundance, and density of the collected tabanids were recorded. While the occurrence of Tr. evansi (n = 383) and Theileria/Babesia sp. (n = 382) in the dissected proboscis of tabanids were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of human blood among the samples that were positive for Tr. evansi and Theileria/Babesia sp. was also determined as an indicator of potential human exposure to the protozoans. A total of 4,317 tabanids were collected belonging to Tabanus partitus (99.95 %, 4,315/4,317) and Ta. reducens (0.05 %, 2/4,317). Using conventional PCR, the occurrences for Tr. evansi and Theileria/Babesia sp. were 47.26 % (181/383) and 31.15 % (119/382) in Ta. partitus, respectively, while both were detected in 6.01 % (23/383) of the proboscis. Twelve samples that were positive for Theileria/Babesia sp. were subjected to sequencing and were found to belong to the genus Theileria. About 18.41 % (51/277) of the samples positive for either or both protozoans have detectable human blood, indicating that humans have been bitten by tabanids in the study area, thus demonstrating the risk of exposure to hemoprotozoan-carrying tabanids.
{"title":"Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria/Babesia sp. in Tabanus spp. populations (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Nueva Ecija, Philippines","authors":"Frances Paula L. Miaral , Keisuke Suganuma , Claro N. Mingala , Jose Ma M. Angeles , Derick Erl P. Sumalapao , Thaddeus M. Carvajal , Adrian Miki C. Macalanda , Cristian C. Lucañas , Maria Angenica F. Regilme , Gabriel Alexis S. Tubalinal , Maria Luz B. Belleza , Arlene G. Bertuso","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematophagous flies of the family Tabanidae (Order Diptera) are important nuisance pests and vectors of several diseases in both animals and humans. In this study, the potential role of tabanids in the transmission of protozoans such as <em>Babesia</em> sp., <em>Theileria</em> sp. and <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> was determined. Nzi traps were installed near backyard farms in Brgy. Catalanacan, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines from May to June 2023 for the collection of tabanids. The species, relative abundance, and density of the collected tabanids were recorded. While the occurrence of <em>Tr. evansi</em> (n = 383) and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. (n = 382) in the dissected proboscis of tabanids were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of human blood among the samples that were positive for <em>Tr. evansi</em> and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. was also determined as an indicator of potential human exposure to the protozoans. A total of 4,317 tabanids were collected belonging to <em>Tabanus partitus</em> (99.95 %, 4,315/4,317) and <em>Ta. reducens</em> (0.05 %, 2/4,317). Using conventional PCR, the occurrences for <em>Tr. evansi</em> and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. were 47.26 % (181/383) and 31.15 % (119/382) in <em>Ta. partitus</em>, respectively, while both were detected in 6.01 % (23/383) of the proboscis. Twelve samples that were positive for <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. were subjected to sequencing and were found to belong to the genus <em>Theileria</em>. About 18.41 % (51/277) of the samples positive for either or both protozoans have detectable human blood, indicating that humans have been bitten by tabanids in the study area, thus demonstrating the risk of exposure to hemoprotozoan-carrying tabanids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102438
Kee-Jeong Ahn, Joon-Yong Park
As a result of a taxonomic review of the Aleochara Gravenhorst subgenus Xenochara Mulsant and Rey in Korea, we discovered one new species [Aleochara (Xenochara) kimae Ahn and Park, new species] and one additional species [Aleochara (Xenochara) niponensis Sharp] new to the Korean fauna. A key, a description, diagnoses, and illustrations of the habitus photographs and diagnostic characters including median lobe and spermatheca are provided to facilitate identification. The monophyly of the subgenus Xenochara and its phylogenetic relationships was briefly discussed based on partial COI, tRNA leucine, and COII gene sequences.
{"title":"A review of Korean Aleochara Gravenhorst subgenus Xenochara Mulsant and Rey (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae:Aleocharinae) with description of a new species","authors":"Kee-Jeong Ahn, Joon-Yong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a result of a taxonomic review of the <em>Aleochara</em> Gravenhorst subgenus <em>Xenochara</em> Mulsant and Rey in Korea, we discovered one new species [<em>Aleochara</em> (<em>Xenochara</em>) <em>kimae</em> Ahn and Park, <strong>new species</strong>] and one additional species [<em>Aleochara</em> (<em>Xenochara</em>) <em>niponensis</em> Sharp] new to the Korean fauna. A key, a description, diagnoses, and illustrations of the habitus photographs and diagnostic characters including median lobe and spermatheca are provided to facilitate identification. The monophyly of the subgenus <em>Xenochara</em> and its phylogenetic relationships was briefly discussed based on partial <em>COI</em>, <em>tRNA leucine</em>, and <em>COII</em> gene sequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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