Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology最新文献

The longhorned beetle genus Anoplophora contains highly destructive species in the field of invasive entomology. Recently, the establishment of the non-native member of the genus, Anoplophora horsfieldii (Hope, 1843), has been documented in South Korea. However, the degree of impact of A. horsfieldii in invaded area remains uncertain due to the limited number of individuals surveyed, making it harder to classify them as invasive. This study combines data from both citizen scientists and naturalists to investigate the occurrence status and distribution range of A. horsfieldii. In total, 1,156 individuals were collected, with 1,124 of them collected in 2023 alone. Citizen-contributed data accounted for 52.5%, enabling us to estimate the preliminary occurrence period and population peak. This research identifies A. horsfieldii as the third invasive species within the genus Anoplophora and underscores the importance of citizen science in early detection and ecological surveys of invasive species.

A new species of the pachei-group, M. inermis sp. nov., from Sichuan, China, which is unique in the Chinese fauna due to its short-spined character. The new species is similar to M. huaii Chen et al., 2016, M. phalacra Radchenko & Elmes, 2009, M. schulzi Radchenko & Elmes, 2009 and M. sculptiventris Radchenko & Elmes, 2009 resulted from clustering analysis, and the main morphological differences and diagnostic characters between this species and all species of the pachei-group are listed in this study. Considering the morphological differences between M. zhengi Ma & Xu, 2011 and M. luteola Kupyanskaya, 1990, especially in the cephalic posterior marginal hairs of the workers and the propodeal spines of the queens, we propose that M. zhengi be reinstated.

Euanoma Reitter, 1889 is the most speciose genus of the click-beetle subfamily Omalisinae. Representatives of Euanoma are known from the Mediterranean, Anatolia, and the Caucasus. In this study, we describe E. rodosensis Packova & Kundrata, sp. nov. from the island of Rhodes, Greece, and E. alanyensis Packova, Kazantsev & Kundrata, sp. nov. from the southern coast of Turkey. Additionally, we provide the first record of E. reitteri (Pic, 1901) from Albania which also represents the first Albanian record of genus Euanoma. The updated distributional map of Euanoma is attached.

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2528B39F-FDB3-4FF6-B3EF-C1C50E75FC15.

Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is the most effective egg parasitoid of corn borers, Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A balanced pest management requires the use of insecticides compatible with T. busseolae since relying solely on the parasitoid may prove inadequate in controlling pest outbreaks. This study investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, at various concentrations on emergence rate and fecundity of treated generation as well as emergence rate and sex ratio of offspring generation. The experiments were performed by immersing the host eggs with the parasitoid, encompassing its early larval, late larval, and pupal stages into the insecticide solutions.

All concentrations of the insecticides reduced emergence rate in the treated generation, with the pupal stage being most vulnerable except for controversial effects of lambda-cyhalothrin and immature stage-independent effects of imidacloprid. The insecticides, at least one of the concentrations, negatively affected parasitoid fecundity regardless of a consistent pattern across immature stages. The insecticides did not affect the tested attributes of offspring generation except for that imidacloprid reduced female offspring numbers, and malathion decreased emergence rates.

This study provides insights into immature stage-specific susceptibility and fecundity responses of treated generation along with potential impacts on subsequent generation, highlighting the necessity of prudent insecticide usage within the context of integrated pest management strategies (IPMs) in maize fields. Additionally, it underscores the urgency of performing field studies to ascertain actual toxicological scenarios.

UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are widely distributed biotransformation enzymes crucial for various physiological processes. Through genomic analysis, 216 UGT genes were identified in five tenebrionoid beetles: Tebebrio molitor (46), Tribolium castaneum (43), Asbolus verrucosus (30), Hycleus cichorii (60), and Hycleus phaleratus (37), classified into 14 families, with 13 being coleopteran-specific. Lineage-specific expansion of the UGT321, UGT323, UGT324, and UGT347 families was observed, with evidence of gene duplications within these families. Notably, phytophagous blister beetles showed higher UGT321 gene counts compared to omnivorous darkling beetles, while UGT324 family expansion was noted in the latter. Investigation of temporal and tissue-specific UGT gene expression in T. molitor revealed over 60% of TmUGTs were highly expressed in the salivary gland, fat body, midgut, and Malpighian tubule, indicating roles in metabolism and detoxification. Particularly, UGT321 family members exhibited high expression across various tissues, suggesting diverse functions, including potential involvement in olfaction and detoxification. These findings emphasize the multifunctionality of UGTs and provide a basis for further research, utilizing T. molitor as a model organism.

The larvae of Protegira songi Chen & Zhang are notorious defoliator specifically infesting the medicinal plant Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. In insects, Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are highly expressed in olfactory organs and play essential roles in perceiving female pheromone and host volatiles by binding and transporting odorant compounds. In this study, 17 OBPs and 16 CSPs were identified from P. songi by transcriptome analysis. Sequence alignment indicated that PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs share no identity with each other in protein sequence. The overall structures of PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs are mainly constructed by α-helix bundles and loops. But the distribution of conserved cysteine residues and arrangement of α-helix are varied between PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs. Putative ligand binding cavities were found in these predicted protein structures. Expression profiles of PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs in adults and larvae were determined by RT-PCR which showed that 16 PsonOBPs and 11 PsonCSPs were expressed in adult antennae or/and larval head. PsonGOBPs, PsonPBPs, PsonOBP5, PsonOBP7, and PsonCSP6 were preferentially expressed in olfactory associated tissues. Our results suggest that the PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs that contain ligand cavity and are highly enriched in olfactory tissues may play roles in chemosensory perception of P. songi, and the transcriptome data may facilitate the studies on the olfactory mechanism of P. songi specifically choosing E. ulmoides as host.

The monogeneric scarabaeoid family Diphyllostomatidae contains only three extant false stag beetle species, all of which are restricted to California, USA. In this study, a fossil specimen newly found in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar is putatively assigned to this family, here described as Prodiphyllostoma inexpectatum gen. et sp. nov. The discovery of this rare scarabaeoid as a Mesozoic amber inclusion from Myanmar is significant in consideration of the paleobiogeography and evolutionary history of this family.

The insecticidal activity of ten monoterpenes against larvae of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) was evaluated. Monoterpenes were mixed with food-media at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 mg/kg. Three monoterpenes, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole and cuminaldehyde displayed a durable larvicidal activity with LC₅₀ values of 0.14, 1.59 and 1.90 mg/kg 3 days post treatment. The three monoterpenes were more toxic than deltamethrin (LC₅₀ = 3.36 mg/kg). Likewise, monoterpenes induced a significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence. Cuminaldehyde at 25.0 mg/kg, and p-cymene, 1,8-cineole and citronellal at 50.0 mg/kg caused a complete inhibition of pupation and adult emergence. Also, p-cymene at 25.0 mg/kg reduced the activity of larval amylase and lipase, while 1,8-cineole and cuminaldehyde increased their activity. Cuminaldehyde and α-terpinene inhibited the activity of proteases whereas p-cymene enhanced their activity. In the case of acetylcholinesterase, general-esterase and adenosinetriphosphatase, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole induced enzyme inhibition and citronellal increased enzyme activities. Finally, the tested monoterpenes caused histological changes on treated larvae, such as the basement membrane appeared and the epithelium cells deformed in some points and seen filled with scattered vacuoles. These findings indicate that the tested monoterpenes have a potential to be applied in IPM programs of M. domestica.

Pochazia shantungensis is an economically important pest worldwide. However, because of unclear identification, many researchers have used “P. shantungensis” or “Pochazia sp.” in their studies. In the present study, we identified a new species, Pochazia chinensis sp. nov., which was verified using morphological and molecular characteristics obtained from a mitochondrial gene. Pochazia chinensis sp. nov. is distributed throughout South Korea, whereas P. shantungensis is found in several provinces, primarily in the southern region. In addition, P. chinensis sp. nov. and P. shantungensis are also distributed throughout China. Our morphological comparison showed that P. chinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. shantungensis by the ratio of the apical spine and phallic length in male genitalia and the lengths of the costal, apical, and sutural margins on the front wing in females. In the molecular comparison, P. chinensis sp. nov. revealed genetic differences of 9.26% (range 8.8–9.5%) in comparison to P. shantungensis using cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences. The findings of this study can be used to more accurately distinguish between different Pochazia species and therefore assist in the management and eradication of these pests in South Korea.

It is shown that two species are confused under the concept of Chrysorabdia viridata and that also the original series of this nominal taxon is mixed. Following fixation of the identity of C. viridata via designation of a lectotype, the remaining species, widespread in the Southern Himalayas up to Northern Myanmar, is described as Chrysorabdia falsaviridata sp. nov. Morphotaxonomy of all the Indian species is dealt herewith. The male and female genitalia of C. aurantiaca are described for the first time. Chrysorabdia aurea Kishida, 2018 is added to the lepidopteran fauna of India. A checklist, a taxonomic key and a distributional map to all the known species of Chrysorabdia are provided.