Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology最新文献

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) has been shown to be involved in the detoxification metabolism of exogenous drugs or regulates the endogenous synthesis of juvenile hormone III (JH III). However, it is not yet known whether a particular P450 gene involved in the metabolism also affects the synthesis of juvenile hormones. Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) showed a significant increase in juvenile hormone I (JH I) and juvenile hormone II (JH II) under chlorantraniliprole stress, and 11 chlorantraniliprole resistance-related P450 genes were significantly up-regulated. Among them, CYP337B5 was not only overexpressed in the midgut and head of FAW larvae, but also significantly increased in the female and male adult stages with high JH I and JH II titers. Injecting double-stranded RNA significantly reduced the metabolism rate of chlorantraniliprole in FAW and inhibited the production of juvenile hormones. Additionally, the degradation rates of chlorantraniliprole were significantly increased along with the production of various metabolites when incubated in vitro using recombinant CYP337B5; and JH I and JH II were also increased to some extent by 1.2 and 0.5 times. The results show that CYP337B5 is efficiently involved in the metabolism of chlorantraniliprole and specifically involved in the synthesis of JH I and JH II. We show that some P450s may have dual functions of endogenous hormone synthesis and exogenous substance metabolism in insects, which may be the root cause of the cost of drug resistance in insects.

The family Cybocephalidae in Korea is reviewed with two species: Cybocephalus nipponicus nipponicus and a species, Cybocephalus inui sp. nov. Descriptions, photographs of external morphology, genital structures, larval morphology, and a key to Korean species are provided, with the biological information including life cycle and hosts. Furthermore, we propose that barcoding is an efficient method for the identification of Cybocephalidae species and highlight the necessity for phylogenetic research to reveal their phylogenetic position.

ICZN: www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:14EE9B5C-0F29-4A87-A9A2-71E1D9ACD065.

Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a significant wood-boring pest in China, primarily affecting timber forests and economic plantations. However, the genomic resources of B. horsfieldi remain limited, constraining the ability to discover molecular and genetic mechanisms for pest control. This study used RNA-seq to correct PacBio Iso-Seq data, thoroughly analyzing the differential genes of male and female adult B. horsfieldi to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular characteristics of this pest. The sequencing results generated 41.16 GB of raw data and 38.26 GB of clean data, yielding 42,005 full-length transcripts. The average transcript length was 2,609 bp, with an N50 length of 2,858 bp and an N90 length of 1,714 bp. Expression analysis revealed 208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enrichment analysis of these DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated their involvement in energy metabolism, biosynthesis, and cell signal transduction pathways. These pathways collectively maintain metabolic balance, signal transduction networks, and adaptability to external environments within the organism. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for further validation of gene expression levels, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq. The transcriptome data obtained in this study provide additional valuable information for unraveling the molecular mechanisms of B. horsfieldi and offer potential reference points for pest control efforts.

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a rapid, selective, and convenient method for sample preparation prior to the analysis of compounds in a volatile product of plant matrices. In this study, insecticidal activity and repellency were examined in a laboratory study to determine the active constituent of Chamaeparis obtusa and a supercritical fluid extract from Chamaeparis obtusa against hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.

The repellency of C. obtusa oil was evaluated in comparison with two commercial repellents (Icaridin and DEET) against H. longicornis. Filter-paper diffusion assay revealed that C. obtusa oil (3.2 µg/cm²) had a 100 % repellency and icaridine (3.2 µg/cm²) had a 96.1 % repellency at 120 min. Repellencies of 31 compounds against H. longicornis were compared with the repellency of DEET at 3.2 µg/cm². Responses varied according to the test compound and exposure time. Repellencies of α-terpinene, terpinene-4-ol, and α-terpineol were 100 % at 30 min post-treatment. They were 85.5 %, 56.4 %, and 68.9 %, respectively, at 120 min. C. obtusa oil, α-terpinene, terpinene-4-ol, and α-terpineol merit further study as potential fumigants or lead compounds for the control of H. longicornis.

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a highly destructive insect pest in Solanaceae, particularly in tomato crops. In this study, bacteria symbionts of eggs, the whole body, and different tissues of the fourth instar larvae of two populations, Rasht and Karaj, were isolated and identified. Using the 16S rRNA procedure, all symbiont bacteria, whether cultured or non-cultured, were classified at the phylum level as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. BLASTn analyses revealed an overlap of Wolbachia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Acinetobacter genera in both populations. However, Bacillus subtilis, and Serratia marcescens were found only in Rasht, while Paenibacillus sp. and P. pasadenensis were identified solely in the Karaj population. Phylogenetic analysis of all bacterial sequences, except Wolbachia, revealed a distant evolutionary relationship between the leafminer's symbionts and those of other lepidopterans. Thus, we could demonstrate the microbiota diversity of this insect pest across different locations. Furthermore, this research will provide insights for discovering new biorational control methods for T. absoluta based on the parasitic or mutualist symbionts.

Organism size significantly influences various aspects of physiology and ecology. In insects, body size can be assessed using parameters such as wing length, thorax width, abdomen length, and body weight. Among Lepidoptera, wing length is a commonly used metric for measuring body size, although obtaining data on body weight can be challenging. The relationship between wing length and body weight of moths was examined based on the samples collected from three mountain areas in southern Korea, Mt. Hallasan (HL), Mt. Jirisan (JR), and Mt. Seungdalsan (MN) from June to October 2020. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between wing length and body weight and whether this relationship varied at the moth families and study sites. In addition, we investigated whether the body size depended on the elevation. We collected a total of 366 species and 1,356 individual moths across 17 families. The regression power for the combined taxa across all areas was 3.05 (±0.05 S.E.) and the regression power was high on the island mountain and this increased as the elevation rose. No significant association across the three mountains between body size and elevation, while the species-rich families such as Geometridae, Noctuidae, and Notodondidae showed different relationships across mountains.

The cotton or melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) is one of the most important agricultural insect pests worldwide. Many populations of this pest have been documented to be resistant to multiple classes of insecticides in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind resistance in field populations is crucial for making effective strategies for control of this pest. In this study, we investigated potential genetic mutations responsible for insecticide resistance in two insecticidal targets in four cotton aphid populations in Xinjiang. Our data showed that the classical A2′S mutation in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor RDL1 was present in the cotton aphid at frequencies ranged from 4.5 % to 50 %, indicating that the cotton aphids have evolved the Rdl-based mechanism of resistance to synthetic insecticides via a parallel mutation in Rdl1 even in the genetic background with the 2ʹS-carrying duplicated Rdl (Rdl2). In addition, three mutations (A302S, A332V and S431F) in the acetylcholinesterase AChE1 were found to be prevalently distributed in A. gossypii populations. Notably, the resistant 431F allele was fixed in the four examined populations, and all existing ace-1 alleles were resistant, carrying either one or two of the three mutations. The occurrence of resistance-conferring mutations in multiple insecticidal targets warns a risk of failure in aphid control using chemical insecticides in Xinjiang, the major cotton planting region of China.

In this study, we report a new species of the genus Elasmus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The new species parasitizes two different unidentified Oiketicinae species of bagworm moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and shows both solitary and gregarious traits. A description of the new species Elasmus psycheae n.sp. is provided in addition to figures and information about the biology. In addition, a key to the species of this genus from Korea is also presented.

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17C2AA8B-4017-44BC-A44D-BD45746EC387.

Although the species Povilla heardiHubbard, 1984 was described from both males and putative nymphs, no photographic structures were presented, and this species was not found in China before. In 2023, dozens of adults were trapped and reared from nymphs in southwestern Chinese Yunnan Province. Detailed descriptions and photographs of them confirmed the synonym Povilla junki to P. heardi, and represent the first nymph-adult association of Asian species in the genus. In addition, our findings represent the first record of Asthenopodinae in this country, widened the Northern distribution of Povilla, and provide some biological information for this poorly known species.

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:392A0D37-258B-4662-A318-BA671654E093.

Genus Sinodima Kundrata, Sormova & Qiu, 2019 was originally described based on a single species represented by the female holotype. In this study, we examined more than 500 specimens of Sinodima collected using Malaise traps. As a result, we described two new species from China: Sinodima liupanshuiensis sp. nov. and Sinodima nanlingensis sp. nov. The males of this genus are firstly reported and distinctly differentiated from the females by the elongate body and fully developed hind wings. Two new combinations are proposed for species originally described in genus Penia Laporte, 1838: Sinodima elongata (Arimoto, 2023), comb. nov. and Sinodima sucinea (Schimmel, 2001), comb. nov. The newly discovered Sinodima species provide the first report on strong sexual dimorphism in Dimini and highlight an unusual season activity of adults during autumn to early winter.