Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100625
Yu Wu , Yu He , Xiaorui Sun , Qilong Hua , Qinwen Zhu , Zhiyuan Wang , Yongbao Shen
In this study, a germination test was conducted using the seeds of Tilia miqueliana, a rare tree species in China. The seeds were treated with H2SO4, H2SO4-gibberellic acid (GA3), or H2SO4-magnetically treated water (MTW)-GA3 and then incubated in wet sand at a constant temperature (i.e., 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, or 25 °C) or at alternating temperatures (i.e., 15 °C/25 °C or 5 °C/25 °C/5 °C). Additionally, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on seed germination was assessed (i.e., at 40 % or 50 % RH). These analyses revealed that the optimal temperature and RH for H2SO4-MTW-GA3 treated T. miqueliana seed germination were 15 °C and 50 % RH, respectively. T. miqueliana produces deeply dormant woody seeds. During dormancy release following H2SO4-MTW-GA3 treatment, consistent with the observed metabolic enzyme activities, the contents of protein and fat showed a downward–upward–downward trend, whereas the sugar and starch contents showed an upward–downward trend. Hence, the H2SO4-MTW-GA3 treatment enhanced the conversion of glycogen, starch, protein, and fat to nutrients and energy, while also increasing the activities of diverse metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, the abundance of different hormones promoting seed dormancy release peaked at different time points. Specifically, the GA content peaked before the trans-zeatin-riboside (ZR) content, which may be related to the different mechanisms by which various hormones induce dormancy release.
{"title":"Effect of the stratification temperature and humidity on the germination and endosperm metabolism of Tilia miqueliana seeds","authors":"Yu Wu , Yu He , Xiaorui Sun , Qilong Hua , Qinwen Zhu , Zhiyuan Wang , Yongbao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a germination test was conducted using the seeds of <em>Tilia miqueliana</em>, a rare tree species in China. The seeds were treated with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>), or H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-magnetically treated water (MTW)-GA<sub>3</sub> and then incubated in wet sand at a constant temperature (i.e., 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, or 25 °C) or at alternating temperatures (i.e., 15 °C/25 °C or 5 °C/25 °C/5 °C). Additionally, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on seed germination was assessed (i.e., at 40 % or 50 % RH). These analyses revealed that the optimal temperature and RH for H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-MTW-GA<sub>3</sub> treated <em>T. miqueliana</em> seed germination were 15 °C and 50 % RH, respectively. <em>T. miqueliana</em> produces deeply dormant woody seeds. During dormancy release following H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-MTW-GA<sub>3</sub> treatment, consistent with the observed metabolic enzyme activities, the contents of protein and fat showed a downward–upward–downward trend, whereas the sugar and starch contents showed an upward–downward trend. Hence, the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-MTW-GA<sub>3</sub> treatment enhanced the conversion of glycogen, starch, protein, and fat to nutrients and energy, while also increasing the activities of diverse metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, the abundance of different hormones promoting seed dormancy release peaked at different time points. Specifically, the GA content peaked before the trans-zeatin-riboside (ZR) content, which may be related to the different mechanisms by which various hormones induce dormancy release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large amount of residual waste biomass is generated from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) sector that needs to be utilized through effective recycling as resources and to reduce environmental load. In this study, identification of functional groups, surface morphology, nature of crystallinity, thermal property, biochemical (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), and elemental profiling (macro and micro nutrients) was carried out in residual biomasses of six aromatic and two medicinal plants to understand their best alternate use as different bio-refinery potential such as bioethanol, biochar, compost, bioactive rich extract, and growth medium. The biochemical and elemental profile provided quantitative data for primary grouping of the biomasses based on their possible usage that was supported by qualitative (or semi-quantitative) data from functional, morphological characterization, analysis of crystallinity and thermal behaviour. The biomass of MAPs like lemongrass, palmarosa, java citronella, isabgol and ashwagandha had higher cellulose and hemicellulose content (structural, crystalline and biochemical information), make them useful for preparing bioethanol. On the other hand, biomasses with high aromaticity and thermal stability in their structure like- holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol, found suitable towards development of biochar. Elemental profile showed suitability of holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol biomass for their composting potential. All biomasses seemed to be useful for growth medium preparation based on biochemical, functional and morphological analysis. Amalgamation of different characterization techniques were found rational to understand the best alternative(s) for residual biomasses. Thus, this study helps to develop a strategy for complete recycling of biomasses under model bio-refinery, which also advocate circular economy.
{"title":"Recycling of residual biomass of medicinal and aromatic plants: A valuable alternative towards bio-refinery","authors":"Rohan Sarkar , B.B. Basak , Atanu Banerjee , Elias Mosaffa , Arpan Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large amount of residual waste biomass is generated from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) sector that needs to be utilized through effective recycling as resources and to reduce environmental load. In this study, identification of functional groups, surface morphology, nature of crystallinity, thermal property, biochemical (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), and elemental profiling (macro and micro nutrients) was carried out in residual biomasses of six aromatic and two medicinal plants to understand their best alternate use as different bio-refinery potential such as bioethanol, biochar, compost, bioactive rich extract, and growth medium. The biochemical and elemental profile provided quantitative data for primary grouping of the biomasses based on their possible usage that was supported by qualitative (or semi-quantitative) data from functional, morphological characterization, analysis of crystallinity and thermal behaviour. The biomass of MAPs like lemongrass, palmarosa, java citronella, isabgol and ashwagandha had higher cellulose and hemicellulose content (structural, crystalline and biochemical information), make them useful for preparing bioethanol. On the other hand, biomasses with high aromaticity and thermal stability in their structure like- holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol, found suitable towards development of biochar. Elemental profile showed suitability of holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol biomass for their composting potential. All biomasses seemed to be useful for growth medium preparation based on biochemical, functional and morphological analysis. Amalgamation of different characterization techniques were found rational to understand the best alternative(s) for residual biomasses. Thus, this study helps to develop a strategy for complete recycling of biomasses under model bio-refinery, which also advocate circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are often subjected to various stressors, such as changes in gravity, heavy rainfall, pathogens, wind, herbivory, and human activities, which can result in wounding. This study investigates the effect of various mechanical wounding methods and growth regulators on the survival and vegetative growth of Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle over two years (2021–2022). In the first year (2021), we evaluated the effect of different wounding techniques, including cut, scrapes, punctures, and abrasions on rhizome to understand their impact on growth and survival. Non-wounded rhizomes (NWR) served as controls. Among different wounding methods, apical section from the whole rhizome (cut) showed superior growth performance (shoot length, increase in rhizome length and survival), when used for propagation. Hence, this was selected as a suitable method of propagation for further experiments. In the second year (2022), apical rhizome sections were treated with different auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, and Rootex PD.01) and organic fertilizers derived from Quercus, Cedrus and Salix species. Notably, treatment with Rootex PD.01 (a commercial formulation of indole-3-butyric acid at 1000 mg kg⁻¹) by powder application method and soil mixed with organic fertilizer (prepared from Salix alba) in ratio of 2:1, induced the maximum survival and vegetative growth of P. cirrhifolium. This study provides valuable insights into previously underexplored strategies, highlighting the effects of mechanical wounding and growth regulators on enhancing the vegetative propagation of P. cirrhifolium through rhizomes. The propagation method developed through this research can be applied for the mass multiplication and conservation of this endangered species.
{"title":"Vegetative propagation of Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle through rhizome cuttings","authors":"Riya Gupta , Neelu Lodhiyal , L.S. Lodhiyal , Niranjan Mishra , Sushma Tamta","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants are often subjected to various stressors, such as changes in gravity, heavy rainfall, pathogens, wind, herbivory, and human activities, which can result in wounding. This study investigates the effect of various mechanical wounding methods and growth regulators on the survival and vegetative growth of <em>Polygonatum cirrhifolium</em> (Wall.) Royle over two years (2021–2022). In the first year (2021), we evaluated the effect of different wounding techniques, including cut, scrapes, punctures, and abrasions on rhizome to understand their impact on growth and survival. Non-wounded rhizomes (NWR) served as controls. Among different wounding methods, apical section from the whole rhizome (cut) showed superior growth performance (shoot length, increase in rhizome length and survival), when used for propagation. Hence, this was selected as a suitable method of propagation for further experiments. In the second year (2022), apical rhizome sections were treated with different auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, and Rootex PD.01) and organic fertilizers derived from <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Cedrus</em> and <em>Salix</em> species. Notably, treatment with Rootex PD.01 (a commercial formulation of indole-3-butyric acid at 1000 mg kg⁻¹) by powder application method and soil mixed with organic fertilizer (prepared from <em>Salix alba</em>) in ratio of 2:1, induced the maximum survival and vegetative growth of <em>P. cirrhifolium</em>. This study provides valuable insights into previously underexplored strategies, highlighting the effects of mechanical wounding and growth regulators on enhancing the vegetative propagation of <em>P. cirrhifolium</em> through rhizomes. The propagation method developed through this research can be applied for the mass multiplication and conservation of this endangered species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100623
Charlotte Junker , Daniel Neuhoff , Hanna Blum , Heidi Heuberger , Matthias Bernschein , Martin Pesch , Thomas F. Döring
Weed control in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) is particularly challenging as many species have a low competitiveness at early growth stages. Intra-row (within the row) mechanical weed control is most challenging since crops may be damaged as well. Here we compared five different devices for mechanical intra-row weeding (finger, torsion and rotative weeders, tine harrow, ridger share) in lemon balm and parsley, focusing on the critical stage of crop establishment. In total, eight field trials were carried out in 2020 and 2021 at two experimental farms of the University Bonn in the west of Germany. The devices were tested in replicated trials after optimising the settings on test plots. Data on weed control efficacy (WCE) and crop damage were analysed with ANOVA. The average WCE was 66 % and had a high variability ranging from 0 % to 100 %. Tine harrows could be applied most often and at earlier growth stages, followed by finger weeder. Highest crop damage was noted after use of rotative weeder. Yield decreasing effects were only significant in two cases and tended to be lower in transplanted than in sown lemon balm and parsley. However, due to variable operating conditions a consistent ranking of weeding devices was not possible. We conclude that despite significant technical progress during the last two decades, a complete replacement of herbicides is difficult at present, unless weed control is carried out manually. Further research is needed to ascertain under which environmental and management conditions mechanical intra-row weeding is most effective in the field, and how these techniques can be best integrated with other weed control methods.
{"title":"Mechanical intra-row weed control at early growth stages in medicinal and aromatic plants using the example of parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)","authors":"Charlotte Junker , Daniel Neuhoff , Hanna Blum , Heidi Heuberger , Matthias Bernschein , Martin Pesch , Thomas F. Döring","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weed control in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) is particularly challenging as many species have a low competitiveness at early growth stages. Intra-row (within the row) mechanical weed control is most challenging since crops may be damaged as well. Here we compared five different devices for mechanical intra-row weeding (finger, torsion and rotative weeders, tine harrow, ridger share) in lemon balm and parsley, focusing on the critical stage of crop establishment. In total, eight field trials were carried out in 2020 and 2021 at two experimental farms of the University Bonn in the west of Germany. The devices were tested in replicated trials after optimising the settings on test plots. Data on weed control efficacy (WCE) and crop damage were analysed with ANOVA. The average WCE was 66 % and had a high variability ranging from 0 % to 100 %. Tine harrows could be applied most often and at earlier growth stages, followed by finger weeder. Highest crop damage was noted after use of rotative weeder. Yield decreasing effects were only significant in two cases and tended to be lower in transplanted than in sown lemon balm and parsley. However, due to variable operating conditions a consistent ranking of weeding devices was not possible. We conclude that despite significant technical progress during the last two decades, a complete replacement of herbicides is difficult at present, unless weed control is carried out manually. Further research is needed to ascertain under which environmental and management conditions mechanical intra-row weeding is most effective in the field, and how these techniques can be best integrated with other weed control methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100622
Qingfen Zhang , Xinyang Gao , Shiyu Yang , Linju Pan , Dandan Zhao , Qi Lu , Chunxia Chen , Minghua Zhu , Zhonghua Tang
In this study, a ternary enzyme mixture (comprising cellulase, pectinase, and papain) was used for pretreatment, which was combined with microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (EP-MHD) to extract essential oil from the stems of Acanthopanax trifoliatus. Each parameter of the EP-MHD method was optimized through the sequential optimization approach. Subsequently, the optimized EP-MHD method was compared with the hydrodistillation (HD) method and the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) method in terms of both the yield and chemical composition of essential oil. The essential oil yield from the EP-MHD method (2.19 ± 0.07 mg/g) was significantly higher compared to both the MHD method (1.62 ± 0.05 mg/g) and the HD method (1.39 ± 0.09 mg/g), showing increases by 1.35 and 1.58 times, respectively. The results of GC/MS analysis showed that the main components of the essential oil were alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenoids, including isopimarinal, sandaracopimaral, sandaracopimarinol, 5,8,11-heptadecatrien-1-ol, pentadecanal, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, β-(Z)-curcumen-12-ol, and spatulenol. Particularly, the essential oil obtained by EP-MHD method had the highest alcohol components content (45.61 %), which significantly higher than those obtained by the MHD (25.17 %) and HD methods (23.95 %). Moreover, the essential oil extracted by the EP-MHD method exhibited superior scavenging ability against DPPH and ABTS+ radicals (with IC50 values of 1.14 and 1.03 mg/mL, respectively). Additionally, it demonstrated antidepressant activity with IC50 values of 3.77 mg/mL and 4.46 mg/mL against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively, which surpassed those obtained from the HD and MHD methods. Furthermore, the essential oil obtained through EP-MHD displayed notably stronger antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes with IC50 values of 1.70 mg/mL, 1.03 mg/mL, and 2.30 mg/mL, respectively. In summary, EP-MHD method not only increased the yield of essential oil, but also significantly enhanced its biological activity. Therefore, our results provided evidence to the extraction, development and utilization of essential oil from fresh stems of Acanthopanax trifoliatus by EP-MHD method.
{"title":"Ternary mixed enzyme pretreatment combined with microwave-assisted hydrodistillation for extracting essential oil from fresh Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr. stems: Enhancement of yield and biological activity","authors":"Qingfen Zhang , Xinyang Gao , Shiyu Yang , Linju Pan , Dandan Zhao , Qi Lu , Chunxia Chen , Minghua Zhu , Zhonghua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a ternary enzyme mixture (comprising cellulase, pectinase, and papain) was used for pretreatment, which was combined with microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (EP-MHD) to extract essential oil from the stems of <em>Acanthopanax trifoliatus</em>. Each parameter of the EP-MHD method was optimized through the sequential optimization approach. Subsequently, the optimized EP-MHD method was compared with the hydrodistillation (HD) method and the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) method in terms of both the yield and chemical composition of essential oil. The essential oil yield from the EP-MHD method (2.19 ± 0.07 mg/g) was significantly higher compared to both the MHD method (1.62 ± 0.05 mg/g) and the HD method (1.39 ± 0.09 mg/g), showing increases by 1.35 and 1.58 times, respectively. The results of GC/MS analysis showed that the main components of the essential oil were alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenoids, including isopimarinal, sandaracopimaral, sandaracopimarinol, 5,8,11-heptadecatrien-1-ol, pentadecanal, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, β-(<em>Z</em>)-curcumen-12-ol, and spatulenol. Particularly, the essential oil obtained by EP-MHD method had the highest alcohol components content (45.61 %), which significantly higher than those obtained by the MHD (25.17 %) and HD methods (23.95 %). Moreover, the essential oil extracted by the EP-MHD method exhibited superior scavenging ability against DPPH and ABTS<sup>+</sup> radicals (with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.14 and 1.03 mg/mL, respectively). Additionally, it demonstrated antidepressant activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 3.77 mg/mL and 4.46 mg/mL against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively, which surpassed those obtained from the HD and MHD methods. Furthermore, the essential oil obtained through EP-MHD displayed notably stronger antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.70 mg/mL, 1.03 mg/mL, and 2.30 mg/mL, respectively. In summary, EP-MHD method not only increased the yield of essential oil, but also significantly enhanced its biological activity. Therefore, our results provided evidence to the extraction, development and utilization of <em>essential oil</em> from fresh stems of <em>Acanthopanax trifoliatus</em> by EP-MHD method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palmarosa is an important aromatic perennial grass mainly cultivated for its high-value geraniol-rich essential oil. The growing global demand for palmarosa essential oil and the limited availability of suitable cultivars in the North-Western Himalayan region highlight the need of superior planting material crucial for its production. Hence, the present endeavour was led using 25 palmarosa genotypes evaluated for 12 traits to estimate the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction across four seasons (2019–23) using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) based on WAAS (weighted average of absolute scores). Results from the study showed significant genotype × environment interaction effects for most of the traits evaluated. Essential oil characterization identified 6 major compounds with geraniol being the dominant constituent. Association studies showed its significant positive association with ocimene and myrcene while negative association with geranial, neral, L-linalool and (E)-caryophyllene. Higher variability estimates for tillers per plant, number of leaves per stem, flower head length, flower head branches, biological yield per plant and essential oil content demonstrated their potential utilization as selection criteria for higher genetic gains. Based on mean performance, AMMI, WAAS, and genotype and genotype by environment analysis, genotypes G1, G2 and G4 were identified as the most stable with high trait performance and geraniol content. Also, based on multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index, genotypes were ranked as G2, G1, G4, G14 and G8. Hence, these genotypes can be prioritized to enhance geraniol-rich essential oil production and meet the growing demand for quality planting material.
{"title":"WAAS-based stability analysis and identification of elite palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii [Roxb.] Wats. var. motia Burk.) lines using multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index for higher biomass and essential oil in the North-Western Himalayas","authors":"Amit Rana , Ajeta Katoch , Rajni Devi , Ravi Kumar , Neha Kumari , Neha Kapoor , Abhishek Kumar , Vijay Lata Pathania , Sanatsujat Singh , Satbeer Singh , Ramesh Chauhan , Dinesh Kumar , Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palmarosa is an important aromatic perennial grass mainly cultivated for its high-value geraniol-rich essential oil. The growing global demand for palmarosa essential oil and the limited availability of suitable cultivars in the North-Western Himalayan region highlight the need of superior planting material crucial for its production. Hence, the present endeavour was led using 25 palmarosa genotypes evaluated for 12 traits to estimate the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction across four seasons (2019–23) using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) based on WAAS (weighted average of absolute scores). Results from the study showed significant genotype × environment interaction effects for most of the traits evaluated. Essential oil characterization identified 6 major compounds with geraniol being the dominant constituent. Association studies showed its significant positive association with ocimene and myrcene while negative association with geranial, neral, L-linalool and (<em>E</em>)-caryophyllene. Higher variability estimates for tillers per plant, number of leaves per stem, flower head length, flower head branches, biological yield per plant and essential oil content demonstrated their potential utilization as selection criteria for higher genetic gains. Based on mean performance, AMMI, WAAS, and genotype and genotype by environment analysis, genotypes G1, G2 and G4 were identified as the most stable with high trait performance and geraniol content. Also, based on multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index, genotypes were ranked as G2, G1, G4, G14 and G8. Hence, these genotypes can be prioritized to enhance geraniol-rich essential oil production and meet the growing demand for quality planting material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100620
Imane Boudadi, Mohamed Lachheb, Soumaya El Merzougui, Khadija Lachguer, Mohammed Amine Serghini
The saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.), renowned for its culinary and medicinal properties, faces genetic challenges due to its vegetative propagation and restricted cultivation regions. This study investigates saffron's genetic variation at the nucleotide level using DNA barcoding with two loci (rbcL and matK) across sixteen accessions from diverse geographic regions. Amplicon analysis revealed that the rbcL locus (720 bp) is longer than matK (613 bp) and exhibits greater variability. Sequence analysis identified 27 polymorphic sites in rbcL and 15 in matK, with rbcL showing higher insertion-deletion diversity (9.883 vs. 5.358) and more mutations (29 vs. 17). These differences resulted in 13 haplotypes for rbcL and 11 for matK, yielding a high haplotype diversity (HD = 0.95). Notably, the TH3 accession displayed distinct genetic traits, as evidenced by phylogenetic trees and PCA clustering. A positive correlation between genetic distance and altitude (Kendall’s r = 0.244, p = 0.00032) was observed for matK. Two-dimensional DNA barcoding provided effective visualisation of genetic markers. This study highlights the utility of rbcL and matK barcodes for exploring saffron’s genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, providing critical insights into germplasm management and conservation efforts.
{"title":"Assessment of genetic variation and evolutionary dynamics in saffron through matK and rbcL barcodes","authors":"Imane Boudadi, Mohamed Lachheb, Soumaya El Merzougui, Khadija Lachguer, Mohammed Amine Serghini","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The saffron plant (<em>Crocus sativus</em> L.), renowned for its culinary and medicinal properties, faces genetic challenges due to its vegetative propagation and restricted cultivation regions. This study investigates saffron's genetic variation at the nucleotide level using DNA barcoding with two loci (<em>rbcL</em> and <em>matK</em>) across sixteen accessions from diverse geographic regions. Amplicon analysis revealed that the <em>rbcL</em> locus (720 bp) is longer than <em>matK</em> (613 bp) and exhibits greater variability. Sequence analysis identified 27 polymorphic sites in <em>rbcL</em> and 15 in <em>matK</em>, with <em>rbcL</em> showing higher insertion-deletion diversity (9.883 vs. 5.358) and more mutations (29 vs. 17). These differences resulted in 13 haplotypes for <em>rbcL</em> and 11 for <em>matK</em>, yielding a high haplotype diversity (HD = 0.95). Notably, the TH3 accession displayed distinct genetic traits, as evidenced by phylogenetic trees and PCA clustering. A positive correlation between genetic distance and altitude (Kendall’s r = 0.244, p = 0.00032) was observed for <em>matK</em>. Two-dimensional DNA barcoding provided effective visualisation of genetic markers. This study highlights the utility of <em>rbcL</em> and <em>matK</em> barcodes for exploring saffron’s genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, providing critical insights into germplasm management and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anabasis articulata, a medicinal plant used in Algeria to treat various ailments, also has significant pastoral and ecological value. Assessing its tolerance to temperature changes and soil salinity is crucial for understanding its potential use in the restoration of salt-affected lands in dry and semi-arid regions. The objectives of the present work were to determine the optimal temperature for seed germination of an important medicinal species and evaluate the degree of tolerance to saline and thermal stresses during germination and early seedling stages of Anabasis articulata. Seeds were collected from individuals of two populations of Anabasis articulata located in Sed Rahal (Djelfa-Algeria) and Oued N’sa (Ouargla-Algeria). Seeds were germinated at seven salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mM) and incubated at eight temperatures (5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C). The germination attributes studied were germination kinetics, germination percentage, germination rate, and the measurement of shoot and root lengths of seedlings. The statistical analysis revealed that salinity level and temperature variations significantly affected germination and post-germination characteristics. The highest germination percentages were obtained under non-saline conditions; salt stress delayed or limited the germination process and seedling growth. High temperatures (35–45°C) have a more negative effect than lower temperatures (5–15°C). Optimum temperatures range from 20 to 30°C. At these temperatures, even at a saline concentration of 600 mM, 46 % of the seeds were able to germinate for the Sed Rahal station and 21 % for the Oued N’sa station. Sed Rahal exhibited higher final germination percentages, germination rates, and seedling growth compared to Oued N’sa, particularly under moderate temperatures and lower salinity levels, demonstrating better resilience to salinity and temperature extremes. Sed Rahal seedlings exhibited more reduction in root length at low temperatures, while Oued N’sa seedlings showed more reduction in shoot length at high temperatures. The results demonstrate that this species possesses significant ecological adaptation in germination and seedling stages, making it suitable for the restoration of damaged ecosystems and marginal areas.
{"title":"Effect of salinity and temperature on germination and post germination of Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. (Amaranthaceae): An important salt tolerant plant in Algeria","authors":"Madjda Aouache , Hafida Trabelsi , Mohammed Elhafed Kherraze , Anouar Chafou , Achouak Guerbazi , Bougoutaia Youcef , Marius-Nicusor Grigore , Ali El-Keblawy","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Anabasis articulata</em>, a medicinal plant used in Algeria to treat various ailments, also has significant pastoral and ecological value. Assessing its tolerance to temperature changes and soil salinity is crucial for understanding its potential use in the restoration of salt-affected lands in dry and semi-arid regions. The objectives of the present work were to determine the optimal temperature for seed germination of an important medicinal species and evaluate the degree of tolerance to saline and thermal stresses during germination and early seedling stages of <em>Anabasis articulata</em>. Seeds were collected from individuals of two populations of <em>Anabasis articulata</em> located in Sed Rahal (Djelfa-Algeria) and Oued N’sa (Ouargla-Algeria). Seeds were germinated at seven salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mM) and incubated at eight temperatures (5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C). The germination attributes studied were germination kinetics, germination percentage, germination rate, and the measurement of shoot and root lengths of seedlings. The statistical analysis revealed that salinity level and temperature variations significantly affected germination and post-germination characteristics. The highest germination percentages were obtained under non-saline conditions; salt stress delayed or limited the germination process and seedling growth. High temperatures (35–45°C) have a more negative effect than lower temperatures (5–15°C). Optimum temperatures range from 20 to 30°C. At these temperatures, even at a saline concentration of 600 mM, 46 % of the seeds were able to germinate for the Sed Rahal station and 21 % for the Oued N’sa station. Sed Rahal exhibited higher final germination percentages, germination rates, and seedling growth compared to Oued N’sa, particularly under moderate temperatures and lower salinity levels, demonstrating better resilience to salinity and temperature extremes. Sed Rahal seedlings exhibited more reduction in root length at low temperatures, while Oued N’sa seedlings showed more reduction in shoot length at high temperatures. The results demonstrate that this species possesses significant ecological adaptation in germination and seedling stages, making it suitable for the restoration of damaged ecosystems and marginal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100617
Rositta Varghese , Joseph George Ray
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are crucial root symbionts that play a significant role in nutrient absorption, crop productivity, and soil health. However, it has become essential to understand the ideal environmental conditions that can maximize AMF benefits in crop yield and soil health as a valuable biofertilizer. Accordingly, a comprehensive ecological study of AMF in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) fields was conducted. The study aimed to identify AMF diversity and population characteristics over a broad area of black pepper fields in Kerala, South India, and to analyse various factors influencing AMF symbiosis in crops. It also focused on identifying the agroclimatic, soil, and crop influencers that impact mycorrhizae in traditional crop fields. Altogether, nine genera and 29 AMF species are identified from the randomly sampled black pepper fields (of diverse varieties of the crop) that belong to two different soil orders and 13 different soil series in the region. Among them, three genera and 22 species were new reports from black pepper. Acaulospora laevis and Funneliformis badius were the most commonly found species. Seasonal analysis showed a significant increase in spore density during the monsoon season, while root colonization exhibited varying patterns. Correlational studies and principal component analysis enabled the identification of specific soil and plant factors individually and in combinations influencing mycorrhizal activities. Overall, the study underscores the significance of ecological research on AMF symbiosis in specific crops and specific soil systems.
{"title":"Ecology of endomycorrhizal association in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), South India","authors":"Rositta Varghese , Joseph George Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are crucial root symbionts that play a significant role in nutrient absorption, crop productivity, and soil health. However, it has become essential to understand the ideal environmental conditions that can maximize AMF benefits in crop yield and soil health as a valuable biofertilizer. Accordingly, a comprehensive ecological study of AMF in black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L.) fields was conducted. The study aimed to identify AMF diversity and population characteristics over a broad area of black pepper fields in Kerala, South India, and to analyse various factors influencing AMF symbiosis in crops. It also focused on identifying the agroclimatic, soil, and crop influencers that impact mycorrhizae in traditional crop fields. Altogether, nine genera and 29 AMF species are identified from the randomly sampled black pepper fields (of diverse varieties of the crop) that belong to two different soil orders and 13 different soil series in the region. Among them, three genera and 22 species were new reports from black pepper. <em>Acaulospora laevis</em> and <em>Funneliformis badius</em> were the most commonly found species. Seasonal analysis showed a significant increase in spore density during the monsoon season, while root colonization exhibited varying patterns. Correlational studies and principal component analysis enabled the identification of specific soil and plant factors individually and in combinations influencing mycorrhizal activities. Overall, the study underscores the significance of ecological research on AMF symbiosis in specific crops and specific soil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100616
Amna Devi , Nirupma Kumari , Mamta Masand , Balraj Sharma , Aasim Majeed , Mohammed Saba Rahim , Sanatsujat Singh , Kamal Prasad Mohapatra , Ram Kumar Sharma
Valeriana jatamansi Jones, a potential ethno-medicinal herb of global importance faced an unprecedented threat of its habitat loss due to burgeoning global demand. Genome-wide microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) marker resources are advantageous, unfortunately, such larger resources have not been explored for genetic improvement in V. jatamansi. In the present study, transcriptome-derived functionally relevant microsatellite marker resources comprising 7957 SSR markers with significant homology (66.3 %) with public functional databases were created. Interestingly, 103 putative functional SSR markers derived from unigenes exhibited substantial annotations with secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transcription factors, and transporters were synthesized and experimentally validated in diverse genotypes. SSR loci with good marker attributes (average alleles/ locus: 7.5; PIC: 0.44; resolving power: 5.25) were successfully utilized for genetic population structure analysis of 525 genotypes representing 29 geographically diverse populations. Despite representing three genetic populations, north-western Indian Himalayan regions (wIHR) exhibited with low genetic diversity (h: 0.22) with moderate gene flow (Nm: 0.97) and high molecular variance (71 %) within population. Moreover, the predicted core of 53 genotypes representing 21 diverse populations was validated successfully using NJ clustering and regression correlation (R2 > 0.85). Additionally, future habitat suitability is predicted to decline in at least 49.89 % habitat area of V. jatamansi. Hence, climatic zones with improved suitability can be potential geographical areas for its conservation and sustainable cultivation. The current findings including huge molecular markers resources, diversity inferences, and identification of core collections will facilitate gene bank management, selection of potential parental groups/ cultivars for implementation of molecular breeding strategies, genetic improvement, and sustainable cultivations of V. jatamansi for industrial utilization.
{"title":"Microsatellite marker resource creation, genetic diversity assessment and core prediction in Valeriana jatamansi Jones","authors":"Amna Devi , Nirupma Kumari , Mamta Masand , Balraj Sharma , Aasim Majeed , Mohammed Saba Rahim , Sanatsujat Singh , Kamal Prasad Mohapatra , Ram Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Valeriana jatamansi</em> Jones, a potential ethno-medicinal herb of global importance faced an unprecedented threat of its habitat loss due to burgeoning global demand. Genome-wide microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) marker resources are advantageous, unfortunately, such larger resources have not been explored for genetic improvement in <em>V. jatamansi.</em> In the present study, transcriptome-derived functionally relevant microsatellite marker resources comprising 7957 SSR markers with significant homology (66.3 %) with public functional databases were created. Interestingly, 103 putative functional SSR markers derived from unigenes exhibited substantial annotations with secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transcription factors, and transporters were synthesized and experimentally validated in diverse genotypes. SSR loci with good marker attributes (average alleles/ locus: 7.5; PIC: 0.44; resolving power: 5.25) were successfully utilized for genetic population structure analysis of 525 genotypes representing 29 geographically diverse populations. Despite representing three genetic populations, north-western Indian Himalayan regions (wIHR) exhibited with low genetic diversity (h: 0.22) with moderate gene flow (Nm: 0.97) and high molecular variance (71 %) within population<em>.</em> Moreover, the predicted core of 53 genotypes representing 21 diverse populations was validated successfully using NJ clustering and regression correlation (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> > 0.85). Additionally, future habitat suitability is predicted to decline in at least 49.89 % habitat area of <em>V. jatamansi.</em> Hence, climatic zones with improved suitability can be potential geographical areas for its conservation and sustainable cultivation. The current findings including huge molecular markers resources, diversity inferences, and identification of core collections will facilitate gene bank management, selection of potential parental groups/ cultivars for implementation of molecular breeding strategies, genetic improvement, and sustainable cultivations of <em>V. jatamansi</em> for industrial utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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