Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献_第2页

Contamination of mercury in medicinal plants: Development and validation of a green analytical method 药用植物中汞的污染：绿色分析方法的开发和验证

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100688

Ariadne G.L.P. Gonçalves, Bruna C. Padoin, Felipe Z. Perleberg, Lana A. Bratz, Paola A. Mello, Rochele S. Picoloto

The increasing consumption of medicinal plants has highlighted the importance of rigorous quality control, particularly concerning contamination by toxic elements, such as mercury (Hg). Even at trace levels, Hg exposure poses significant health risks, including neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Therefore, sensitive and reliable analytical methods are essential for its determination. In this study, a microwave-assisted wet digestion in a pressurized digestion cavity (MAWD-PDC) method was developed and validated for the determination of Hg in medicinal plants commonly used for anxiety treatment. Mercury was quantified by cold vapor generation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS). Using a high sample mass (2.0 g), a diluted acid solution (8 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃), and a microwave irradiation program of 20 min at 250 °C, the effective decomposition of all medicinal plants was achieved. The validation of the proposed method was carried out according to the Eurachem guidelines, demonstrating a good linearity (R² > 0.9995), precision (8 %), accuracy (99 %), robustness (7 %), low limits of detection (0.101 ng g⁻¹), and quantification (0.300 ng g⁻¹). The proposed method was also considered environmentally friendly because it requires only diluted acid for the digestion of medicinal plants, reducing the toxic laboratory residues. Moreover, it is one of the few methods that enable digestion of a 2.0 g sample using only diluted acids, allowing Hg determination at ultra-low concentrations. Finally, the proposed method can be recommended for the quality control of Hg in medicinal plants, ensuring the safe consumption of these plants by the population.

药用植物消费量的增加突出了严格质量控制的重要性，特别是在汞等有毒元素污染方面。即使在微量水平，汞暴露也会造成重大的健康风险，包括神经毒性、肾毒性和内分泌紊乱。因此，灵敏可靠的分析方法是测定其含量的必要条件。本研究建立了微波辅助加压消化腔湿消解法（MAWD-PDC）测定焦虑治疗常用药用植物中汞的方法，并进行了验证。采用冷蒸汽产生耦合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（CVG-ICP-MS）测定汞含量。使用高样品质量（2.0 g），稀释酸溶液（8 mol L−1 HNO3），在250°C的微波照射程序20 min，实现了所有药用植物的有效分解。根据Eurachem指南对该方法进行了验证，结果表明该方法具有良好的线性（R²> 0.9995）、精密度（8 %）、准确度（99 %）、鲁棒性（7 %）、低检出限（0.101 ng g−1）和定量（0.300 ng g−1）。所提出的方法也被认为是环保的，因为它只需要稀释的酸来消化药用植物，减少有毒的实验室残留物。此外，这是少数方法之一，使消化2.0 g样品仅使用稀释酸，允许在超低浓度下测定汞。该方法可为药用植物中汞的质量控制提供参考，保证人民群众对药用植物的安全食用。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of neutral and alkaline salt stress on seed germination, physiological and biochemical properties of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees 中性和碱性盐胁迫对穿心莲种子萌发及生理生化特性的影响墙。交货需要雇

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100686

Ming Zhang , Kai-xuan Shi , Jia Jiang , Qiao-chu Ma , Wan-bo Ding , Qing-ni Peng , Ya-ping Shi , Mei-long Liu , Zhi Sun , Ming Li , Sheng Wang

Salinity and alkalinity are major environmental stresses limiting seed germination and early seedling establishment, particularly in medicinal plants cultivated in saline regions. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, an important traditional medicinal species, exhibits potential salt tolerance, yet its germination response to different salt types remains unclear. In this study, seeds were exposed to two neutral salts (NaCl and Na₂SO₄) and two alkaline salts (NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃) at equivalent Na⁺ concentrations to evaluate their effects on germination and associated physiological-biochemical traits. Parameters measured included germination rate, germination energy, relative salt injury rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, fresh weight, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) together with malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Both neutral and alkaline salts inhibited germination to varying degrees. Under moderate neutral salt levels (25–50 mM), antioxidant enzyme activities increased, followed by a decline as salinity intensified, whereas alkaline salts caused more pronounced and continuous inhibition of germination and enzyme activity. The tolerance ranking of A. paniculata to the four salts was NaCl > Na₂SO₄ > NaHCO₃ > Na₂CO₃. These results indicate that A. paniculata is relatively tolerant to chloride-type neutral salts but sensitive to carbonate-type alkaline salts, providing a scientific basis for selecting salt-tolerant germplasm and guiding cultivation in saline–alkaline soils.

盐度和碱度是限制种子萌发和幼苗早期建立的主要环境胁迫，特别是在盐碱区种植的药用植物。穿心莲（缅甸）墙。白眉草是一种重要的传统药用植物，具有潜在的耐盐性，但其对不同盐种的萌发反应尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们将种子以相同的Na⁺浓度暴露在两种中性盐（NaCl和Na₂SO₄）和两种碱性盐（NaHCO₃和Na₂CO₃）中，以评估它们对种子萌发和相关生理生化性状的影响。测定的参数包括发芽率、萌发能、相对盐害率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、鲜重、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、POD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。中性盐和碱性盐对种子萌发均有不同程度的抑制。在中等中盐水平（25 ~ 50 mM）下，随着盐度的增加，抗氧化酶活性先升高后降低，而碱性盐对发芽和酶活性的抑制更为明显和持续。金银花对4种盐的耐受性排序为NaCl >； Na₂SO₄>； NaHCO₃>； Na₂CO₃。结果表明，荆芥对氯化物型中性盐具有较强的耐受性，而对碳酸盐型碱性盐较为敏感，为选育耐盐种质和指导盐碱地栽培提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative metabolic and gene expression analysis of Eschscholzia californica organs highlights antioxidant activity 综合代谢和基因表达分析加州紫花苜蓿器官突出抗氧化活性

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100685

Haejin Kwon , Jiwon Yoon , Bokyeong Kim , Jae Kwang Kim , Sang Un Park , Chanung Park

Eschscholzia californica Cham. of the Papaveraceae family has distinct features, including bright orange flowers and root-specialised benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) production. Metabolic studies of E. californica have mainly focused on BIA biosynthesis, but investigations of the biosynthesis of carotenoids and other compounds have remained limited to date. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate secondary metabolites (BIAs, carotenoids, and phenylpropanoids) based on a comprehensive investigation including biosynthesis gene expression analysis, metabolite profiling of primary metabolites, and antioxidant potential determination in E. californica organs. A total of 58 metabolites were identified, and secondary metabolite accumulation generally corresponded to the expression patterns of their biosynthesis genes. Further multivariate analysis of antioxidant assay data revealed that the strongest antioxidant activity observed in the flowers may be due to their high contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and some amino acids. This study demonstrates that some key bioactive metabolites modulating antioxidant activity are organ-specific, emphasising the importance of selecting organs to improve the acquisition of specific bioactive compounds for applications in E. californica.

加州Cham。Papaveraceae家族的一种植物具有明显的特征，包括明亮的橙色花朵和根专用的苯基异喹啉生物碱（BIA）生产。代谢研究的大肠californica主要关注BIA生物合成,但调查类胡萝卜素的生物合成和其他化合物仍有限。因此,本研究旨在阐明次生代谢物(偏见、类胡萝卜素和糖类)基于全面调查包括生物合成基因表达分析、主要代谢物的代谢物分析,大肠californica器官抗氧化潜力的决心。共鉴定出58种代谢物，次生代谢物的积累大体上与其生物合成基因的表达模式相对应。进一步的多变量分析表明，抗氧化活性最强的花可能是由于其高含量的酚类物质、类黄酮和一些氨基酸。本研究表明，一些调节抗氧化活性的关键生物活性代谢物是器官特异性的，强调了选择器官以改善特定生物活性化合物的获取的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Development of chloroplast InDel markers from Angelica gigas Nakai, providing insight into intraspecific and interspecific genetic diversity in Angelica species 白芷叶绿体InDel标记的开发，为白芷种内和种间遗传多样性的研究提供依据

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100684

Jinsu Gil , Mi Sun Lee , Sung Cheol Koo , Ok Tae Kim , Yurry Um , Seong-Cheol Kim , Jungho Lee , Ho Bang Kim , Yi Lee

Angelica species is a representative medicinal plant used in medicinal methods, especially in traditional Asian herbal medicine. In this study, chloroplast insertion or deletion (cpInDel) markers were developed from chloroplast sequences of Angelica gigas Nakai to provide insight into intraspecific and interspecific genetic diversity in Angelica species. We found insertion or deletion regions from the comparative analyses of five A. gigas chloroplast genome sequences and successfully designed 25 primer sets. Finally, 24 cpInDel markers were developed by polymorphism testing using A. gigas accessions. Application of these markers to 88 A. gigas accessions revealed limited intraspecific polymorphism, with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.20 and an average number of genotypes (NG) of 2.33. In contrast, interspecific comparison across 13 Angelica species (115 accessions) showed comparatively higher marker resolution, with a PIC value of 0.40, an average NG of 4.63, and an availability of 0.99. These results indicate that while the cpInDel markers provide modest resolution for assessing intraspecific variation in A. gigas, they are particularly useful for interspecific phylogenetic classification and species discrimination within the genus Angelica, including the distinction of A. gigas from closely related medicinal species.

当归是一种具有代表性的药用植物，尤其在亚洲传统草药中应用广泛。本研究利用白当归叶绿体序列开发了叶绿体插入或缺失（cpInDel）标记，以了解白当归种内和种间遗传多样性。我们从5个gigas叶绿体基因组序列的比较分析中发现了插入或缺失区域，并成功设计了25组引物。通过多态性检测，获得24个cpInDel标记。这些标记在88 A的应用。gigas材料表现出有限的种内多态性，平均多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.20，平均基因型数（NG）为2.33。13个当归种（115份）的种间比较显示出较高的标记分辨率，PIC值为0.40，平均NG值为4.63，有效度为0.99。这些结果表明，尽管cpInDel标记对评估当归属的种内变异提供了一定的分辨率，但它们对当归属的种间系统发育分类和物种区分尤其有用，包括将当归与密切相关的药用物种区分。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of genetic diversity and construction of a core collection in multiploidy heterodichogamous Cyclocarya paliurus using SSR markers 利用SSR标记评价多倍体异交柳条遗传多样性及构建核心种质

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100683

Di Mei , Li Liu , Xulan Shang , Xiangxiang Fu

Cyclocarya paliurus, an endemic woody species with great medicinal values in China, presents a complex genetic structure due to the coexistence of diploid and autotetraploid individuals as well as its heterodichogamous breeding system. To enhance the gene resources conservation for further researches, the assessment of genetic diversity and population structure for 204 individuals from 21 provenances selected from genetic bank of C. paliurus were conducted by using SSR markers; thereafter, a core collection was developed. The analysis revealed that autotetraploid populations displayed the higher genetic diversity compared to diploid ones, characterized by increased heterozygosity and polymorphism, suggesting their stronger adaptive potential to heterogeneous environment. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE delineated two genetic clusters, which 162 and 42 individuals were assigned to. Whereas analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated only 6.9 % genetic differentiation among populations, but 93.1 % occurring inter-individuals, likely due to the species pollination methods and breeding characteristics of heterodichogamy. A representative core collection, comprising 41 core germplasms (20 % of the total), was identified to effectively capture the genetic diversity of C. paliurus. This core collection could be recommended as a valuable germplasm resource for efficient management, conservation, and utilization of the species' resources, facilitating future research and sustainable use.

双倍体和同源四倍体同时存在，其遗传结构复杂，是中国具有重要药用价值的特有木本植物。为加强基因资源的保护，为进一步研究提供依据，利用SSR标记对21个种源的204个品种进行了遗传多样性和群体结构评价；此后，开发了一个核心集合。分析表明，与二倍体群体相比，同源四倍体群体表现出更高的遗传多样性，杂合性和多态性增加，表明其对异质环境的适应潜力更强。主坐标分析（PCoA）和结构分析（STRUCTURE）分别划分了162和42个个体的遗传聚类。而分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明，居群间遗传分化率仅为6.9 %，而个体间遗传分化率为93.1 %，这可能与物种传粉方式和异二配的育种特点有关。鉴定了41份核心种质（占总数的20. %）的代表性核心种质，有效地捕捉了青孢草的遗传多样性。该核心种质可作为有效管理、保护和利用该物种资源的宝贵种质资源，为今后的研究和可持续利用提供参考。

{"title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity and construction of a core collection in multiploidy heterodichogamous Cyclocarya paliurus using SSR markers","authors":"Di Mei , Li Liu , Xulan Shang , Xiangxiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cyclocarya paliurus</em>, an endemic woody species with great medicinal values in China, presents a complex genetic structure due to the coexistence of diploid and autotetraploid individuals as well as its heterodichogamous breeding system. To enhance the gene resources conservation for further researches, the assessment of genetic diversity and population structure for 204 individuals from 21 provenances selected from genetic bank of <em>C. paliurus</em> were conducted by using SSR markers; thereafter, a core collection was developed. The analysis revealed that autotetraploid populations displayed the higher genetic diversity compared to diploid ones, characterized by increased heterozygosity and polymorphism, suggesting their stronger adaptive potential to heterogeneous environment. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE delineated two genetic clusters, which 162 and 42 individuals were assigned to. Whereas analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated only 6.9 % genetic differentiation among populations, but 93.1 % occurring inter-individuals, likely due to the species pollination methods and breeding characteristics of heterodichogamy. A representative core collection, comprising 41 core germplasms (20 % of the total), was identified to effectively capture the genetic diversity of <em>C. paliurus</em>. This core collection could be recommended as a valuable germplasm resource for efficient management, conservation, and utilization of the species' resources, facilitating future research and sustainable use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A response surface methodology approach for optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from galangal (Alpinia officinarum) 超声辅助提取高良姜生物活性成分的响应面法优化

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100682

Murat Ozdemir , Veranur Gungor-Bilgicer , Coskun Aydiner

The effects of three independent variables, including temperature (20–60 °C), time (10–60 min), and solvent-to-solid (s/s) ratio (10:1–30:1 mL/g) on the dependent variables, including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) of galangal (Alpinia officinarum) extracts, were investigated using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions were achieved at an extraction temperature of 47.51 °C, an extraction time of 52.66 min, and s/s ratio of 30 mL/g, yielding TPC of 64.74 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g sample dry weight (DW), TFC of 134.54 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g sample DW, DPPH inhibition of 48.49 %, and ABTS activity of 167.98 mM Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL extract. UAE produced considerably higher values of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS than conventional solvent extraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed notable microstructural changes in galangal tissues treated with various extraction methods, while the raw galangal tissue had an intact and non-porous structure. UAE induced pronounced surface disruptions, enhancing solvent penetration and providing higher extraction efficiency compared to conventional solvent extraction. The results demonstrate that UAE is better than conventional solvent extraction for recovering bioactive compounds from plant materials, and it has high potential as an alternative extraction method for industrial applications.

研究了温度（20-60℃）、时间（10-60 min）和液固比（10∶1- 30:1 mL/g）对高良良提取物总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）、DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl）和ABTS(2,2′-氮基-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐的影响。采用Box-Behnken设计（BBD）进行调查，并通过响应面法（RSM）进行优化。最佳超声辅助提取条件为：提取温度为47.51℃，提取时间为52.66 min， s/s比为30 mL/g， TPC为64.74 mg没食子酸当量(GAE)/g样品干重（DW）， TFC为134.54 mg槲皮素当量(QE)/g样品DW， DPPH抑制率为48.49 %，ABTS活性为167.98 mM Trolox当量(TE)/mL。与传统溶剂萃取法相比，UAE法产生了更高的TPC、TFC、DPPH和ABTS值。扫描电镜（SEM）显示，不同提取方法处理的高良姜组织的显微结构发生了明显的变化，而高良姜的原始组织结构完整，无孔。与传统的溶剂萃取相比，UAE引起了明显的表面破坏，增强了溶剂渗透，提供了更高的萃取效率。结果表明，UAE法比传统的溶剂萃取法更能有效地从植物材料中提取生物活性物质，具有较大的工业应用潜力。

{"title":"A response surface methodology approach for optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from galangal (Alpinia officinarum)","authors":"Murat Ozdemir , Veranur Gungor-Bilgicer , Coskun Aydiner","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of three independent variables, including temperature (20–60 °C), time (10–60 min), and solvent-to-solid (s/s) ratio (10:1–30:1 mL/g) on the dependent variables, including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) of galangal (<em>Alpinia officinarum</em>) extracts, were investigated using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions were achieved at an extraction temperature of 47.51 °C, an extraction time of 52.66 min, and s/s ratio of 30 mL/g, yielding TPC of 64.74 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g sample dry weight (DW), TFC of 134.54 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g sample DW, DPPH inhibition of 48.49 %, and ABTS activity of 167.98 mM Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL extract. UAE produced considerably higher values of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS than conventional solvent extraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed notable microstructural changes in galangal tissues treated with various extraction methods, while the raw galangal tissue had an intact and non-porous structure. UAE induced pronounced surface disruptions, enhancing solvent penetration and providing higher extraction efficiency compared to conventional solvent extraction. The results demonstrate that UAE is better than conventional solvent extraction for recovering bioactive compounds from plant materials, and it has high potential as an alternative extraction method for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers for assessing genetic diversity and cross-species transferability in Polygonatum species 利用多态简单序列重复标记评价黄精属植物遗传多样性和跨种可转移性

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100681

Raveendar Sebastin , Ki Hyun Kim , Hye Ran Shin , Yumi Kim , Sewon Oh , Ick Hyun Jo , Ju-Kyung Yu , Yi Lee , Yoon-Sup So , Jong-Wook Chung

The genus Polygonatum holds significant value due to its numerous species with medicinal and edible properties. Comprising approximately 60 species, this genus is predominantly found in the boreal regions of the northern hemisphere. East Asia, with around 50 species, serves as the primary center of diversification for Polygonatum. The genetic diversity of Polygonatum germplasm resources has been assessed by using three Polygonatum species, which includes cultivar varieties and landraces. We have used 100 pairs of SSRs primers and selected 54 polymorphic SSRs markers. The results showed that the number of alleles (NA) ranged from 2 to 11, with a mean alleles number of 5.2. The major allele frequency (MAF) ranged from 0.15 to 0.80, observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0 to 0.80, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.27 to 0.89. The unweighted pair group mean algorithm (UPGMA) dendrograms with all 54 SSR markers revealed that three groups among the Polygonatum populations. Furthermore, minimum markers set (combination of 6 markers) combinations was identified and proved to be useful for variety identification. The six SSR markers identified as a core set represent a valuable resource for various applications, including cultivar identification and seed purity assessment within Polygonatum populations. These markers will play a significant role in supporting tasks such as varietal differentiation, genetic diversity studies, and the analysis of inter-species transferability across Polygonatum germplasm.

黄精属具有重要的价值，因为它具有药用和食用特性的众多物种。该属包括约60种，主要分布在北半球的北方地区。东亚约有50种黄精属植物，是黄精属植物多样化的主要中心。利用黄精栽培品种和地方品种对黄精种质资源的遗传多样性进行了评价。我们使用了100对SSRs引物，选择了54个多态性的SSRs标记。结果表明，等位基因数（NA）为2 ~ 11个，平均等位基因数为5.2个。主等位基因频率（MAF）为0.15 ~ 0.80，观察杂合度（HO）为0 ~ 0.80，多态信息含量（PIC）为0.27 ~ 0.89。54个SSR标记的未加权对群体平均算法（UPGMA）显示黄精群体中存在3个群体。此外，还确定了最小标记集（6个标记组合）组合，并证明了这些组合对品种鉴定是有用的。这6个SSR标记在黄精群体的品种鉴定和种子纯度评价等方面具有重要的应用价值。这些标记将在黄精品种分化、遗传多样性研究和黄精种质的种间可转移性分析等方面发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of flavonoids in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under different climatic zones using FT-NIR spectroscopy, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and chemometrics 利用FT-NIR光谱、UPLC-ESI-MS/MS和化学计量学方法对不同气候带云南小叶总黄酮进行比较分析

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100676

Chen Zhong , Li Li , Yuan-Zhong Wang

Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPVY) is a perennial herb with important medicinal value, and its growth and quality are closely linked to its environment. So far, it is unclear whether PPVY from different climatic zones differs, though studies have shown that its flavonoids have significant pharmacological effects. This research aims to explore how geographical origin and climate affect PPVY’s flavonoids: using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS), 62 flavonoids were identified from PPVY samples collected in four climatic zones; to assess the quality of PPVY from diverse climatic zones, five key quality markers identified via chemometric methods were used. Leveraging Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, a grid search-support vector machine (GS-SVM) model was constructed, attaining an accuracy rate of 100 % for both the training and test sets. Additionally, partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis showed the optimal prediction model for the five key quality markers exhibited R²_p values close to 1, and RPDs all exceeding 5.3. The technique proposed in this study provides a basis for the quality control and rational utilization of PPVY, offering new insights into the effects of geographical origin and climatic characteristics on its flavonoid composition.

云南多叶巴黎（Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis， PPVY）是一种具有重要药用价值的多年生草本植物，其生长和品质与其生长环境密切相关。到目前为止，尚不清楚来自不同气候带的PPVY是否不同，尽管研究表明其类黄酮具有显着的药理作用。利用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱（UPLC-ESI-MS/MS）技术，从4个气化带的PPVY样品中鉴定出62种黄酮类化合物；为了评估不同气候带PPVY的质量，使用了化学计量学方法鉴定的5个关键质量标记。利用傅里叶变换近红外（FT-NIR）光谱，构建网格搜索-支持向量机（GS-SVM）模型，训练集和测试集的准确率均达到100% %。此外，偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）分析表明，5个关键品质指标的最优预测模型R2p值接近1，rpd值均超过5.3。本研究为PPVY的质量控制和合理利用提供了依据，为了解地理产地和气候特征对PPVY黄酮成分的影响提供了新的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Supercritical fluid-simulated moving bed for baicalein and wogonin separation: A promising, environmentally-friendly and solvent-free approach 超临界流体模拟移动床分离黄芩苷和黄芩苷：一种有前途的、环保的、无溶剂的方法

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100677

Zhongfeng Geng , Mingyu Yan , Yongxin Feng , Huisheng Lv

Baicalein and wogonin, the active components of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi, exhibit antioxidant and anticancer activities, respectively. However, their similar structures present challenges for separation. Supercritical fluid-simulated moving bed (SF-SMB) chromatography emerges as a promising, solvent-free, environmentally friendly, and efficient approach for the separation of natural drugs. To develop an SF-SMB process with strong multi-parameter coupling characteristics, computer-assisted design is an attractive strategy. Based on the adsorption equilibrium and diffusion coefficients previously obtained by our group, a single-column model for SFC was established. The relative deviation between the calculated and experimental results was 4.94 %, validating the reliability of the calculation. Subsequently, the single-column model was extended to the SF-SMB separation process model, and eluent flow rate Q_D, extract flow rate Q_E, raffinate flow rate Q_R, and switching time t_s, were optimized. Under the conditions of Q_F= 1000.0 L/h, Q_D= 2677.5 L/h, Q_E = 3098.7 L/h, Q_R= 578.8 L/h, and t_s= 7.4 min, the purities of baicalein and wogonin products reached 99.1 wt% and 99.3 wt% respectively, with yields of 99.8 % and 83.5 %. This not only meets the purity requirements of traditional Chinese medicine active components but also attains high yields, providing valuable guidance and data support for large-scale industrial separation of natural product active components.

黄芩的活性成分黄芩苷和黄芩苷分别具有抗氧化和抗癌活性。然而，它们相似的结构给分离带来了挑战。超临界流体模拟移动床（SF-SMB）色谱是一种很有前途的、无溶剂的、环保的、高效的天然药物分离方法。为了开发具有强多参数耦合特性的SF-SMB工艺，计算机辅助设计是一种有吸引力的策略。基于本课组之前得到的吸附平衡和扩散系数，建立了SFC的单柱模型。计算结果与实验结果的相对偏差为4.94 %，验证了计算的可靠性。随后，将单柱模型扩展到SF-SMB分离过程模型，并对洗脱液流量QD、萃取液流量QE、萃余液流量QR、切换时间ts进行优化。条件下的《= 1000.0 L / h, QD = 2677.5 L / h,量化宽松= 3098.7 L / h, QR = 578.8 L / h,和ts = 7.4 min,黄芩黄素和汉黄芩素产品纯度达到99.1 99.3 wt %和 wt %,分别与收益率 83.5 99.8 %和%。既满足了中药活性成分的纯度要求，又获得了较高的收率，为天然产物活性成分的大规模工业分离提供了有价值的指导和数据支持。

{"title":"Supercritical fluid-simulated moving bed for baicalein and wogonin separation: A promising, environmentally-friendly and solvent-free approach","authors":"Zhongfeng Geng , Mingyu Yan , Yongxin Feng , Huisheng Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Baicalein and wogonin, the active components of <em>Scutellaria Baicalensis</em> Georgi, exhibit antioxidant and anticancer activities, respectively. However, their similar structures present challenges for separation. Supercritical fluid-simulated moving bed (SF-SMB) chromatography emerges as a promising, solvent-free, environmentally friendly, and efficient approach for the separation of natural drugs. To develop an SF-SMB process with strong multi-parameter coupling characteristics, computer-assisted design is an attractive strategy. Based on the adsorption equilibrium and diffusion coefficients previously obtained by our group, a single-column model for SFC was established. The relative deviation between the calculated and experimental results was 4.94 %, validating the reliability of the calculation. Subsequently, the single-column model was extended to the SF-SMB separation process model, and eluent flow rate Q<sub>D</sub>, extract flow rate Q<sub>E</sub>, raffinate flow rate Q<sub>R</sub>, and switching time t<sub>s</sub>, were optimized. Under the conditions of Q<sub>F</sub>= 1000.0 L/h, Q<sub>D</sub>= 2677.5 L/h, Q<sub>E</sub> = 3098.7 L/h, Q<sub>R</sub>= 578.8 L/h, and t<sub>s</sub>= 7.4 min, the purities of baicalein and wogonin products reached 99.1 wt% and 99.3 wt% respectively, with yields of 99.8 % and 83.5 %. This not only meets the purity requirements of traditional Chinese medicine active components but also attains high yields, providing valuable guidance and data support for large-scale industrial separation of natural product active components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenological growth stages of Cornus controversa Hemsl.: Codification and description according to the extended BBCH scale 山茱萸物候生长阶段的研究。：根据扩展的BBCH量表进行编纂和描述

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100679

Xin-yue Zhang , Wen-zhang Qian , Shi-mei Zhao , Shao-jun Fan , Guo-xing Cao , Kuang-ji Zhao , Peter A. Bowler , Shun Gao

Cornus controversa Hemsl. (C. controversa), known as giant dogwood, is a medicinal and ornamental plant widely cultivated in China. Understanding its phenological rhythm is fundamental for optimizing resource utilization and ecological application. In this study, the phenological growth stages and development characteristics of C. controversa were systematically codified according to the extended Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. Eight of ten principal growth stages (PGS) were accurately observed, encompassing bud development (PGS 0), leaf development (PGS 1), shoot development (PGS 3), inflorescence development (PGS 5), flowering (PGS 6), fruit development (PGS 7), fruit maturation (PGS 8), and senescence and dormancy (PGS 9), further subdivided into 46 secondary growth stages (SGS). The synchronous development of leaves and inflorescences supported early photosynthetic activity and efficient nutrient allocation for reproductive growth. During fruit development, crude oil content increased progressively, exceeding 20 % at full maturity, confirming its potential as an oil-rich plant resource. By linking each phenological stage with the corresponding environmental stress and adaptive management strategies, this study proposed a stage-specific framework for optimizing pruning, irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. These correlations improved growth stability and stress tolerance, supporting both agroforestry production and urban greening. Moreover, the alignment of phenological growth stages with seasonal ecological functions enhanced the ornamental and functional values of C. controversa. This work not only refined the phenological characterization of C. controversa but also integrated adaptive, ecological, and medicinal perspectives, providing a theoretical and practical foundation for its cultivation, breeding, and multifunctional landscape application.

斜角（Cornus controversa）。山茱萸（C. controversa），又名巨茱萸，是中国广泛种植的药用和观赏植物。了解其物候节律是优化资源利用和生态应用的基础。本研究根据扩展的Biologische Bundesanstalt， Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie （BBCH）量表，系统地整理了黑绒草物候生长阶段和发育特征。准确地观察到10个主要生长阶段中的8个，包括芽发育（PGS 0）、叶发育（PGS 1）、茎发育（PGS 3）、花序发育（PGS 5）、开花（PGS 6）、果实发育（PGS 7）、果实成熟（PGS 8）和衰老和休眠（PGS 9），并进一步细分为46个次生生长阶段（SGS）。叶片和花序的同步发育支持了早期的光合活性和有效的营养分配。在果实发育过程中，原油含量逐渐增加，成熟时原油含量超过20% %，证实了其作为富油植物资源的潜力。通过将每个物候阶段与相应的环境胁迫和适应性管理策略联系起来，本研究提出了一个针对不同阶段的优化修剪、灌溉、施肥和虫害防治的框架。这些相关性提高了生长稳定性和抗逆性，支持农林业生产和城市绿化。物候生长期与季节生态功能的契合，增强了金针桃的观赏和功能价值。本研究不仅完善了牛蒡的物候特征，而且整合了适应性、生态学和药用等视角，为牛蒡的栽培、育种和多功能景观应用提供了理论和实践基础。

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