Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100636
Yuchen Tang , Wennan Nie , Yao Zhang , Cunhao Li , Zhu Wei , Haiyang Chen , Yunfei Hu , Wenlong Li
Fritillaria spp., a kind of typical medicine food homology plant, is in growing demand for rapid identification due to its diverse types. This study aims to utilize the mid-infrared (MIR) and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV–VIS–NIR) spectroscopy for the first time to identify Fritillaria spp. Two machine learning techniques of random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed to establish classification models based on spectral data from various Fritillaria spp. Data fusion strategies including low-level, mid-level and high-level fusions are applied to combinate MIR and UV–VIS–NIR data. The result indicates that data fusion improved the classification of Fritillaria spp. compared to using individual spectral data. The RF classifier showed superior performance over the SVM model. The high-level data fusion model achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 93.31 %. This study demonstrates that integrating MIR and UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopy with data fusion techniques offers a feasible, non-destructive, and rapid approach for classifying Fritillaria spp., highlighting the potential for the identifying related medicinal food homology products.
{"title":"Rapid identification of Fritillaria spp. using multi-wavebands spectroscopy and multi-source data fusion strategies","authors":"Yuchen Tang , Wennan Nie , Yao Zhang , Cunhao Li , Zhu Wei , Haiyang Chen , Yunfei Hu , Wenlong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fritillaria</em> spp., a kind of typical medicine food homology plant, is in growing demand for rapid identification due to its diverse types. This study aims to utilize the mid-infrared (MIR) and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV–VIS–NIR) spectroscopy for the first time to identify <em>Fritillaria</em> spp<em>.</em> Two machine learning techniques of random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed to establish classification models based on spectral data from various <em>Fritillaria</em> spp<em>.</em> Data fusion strategies including low-level, mid-level and high-level fusions are applied to combinate MIR and UV–VIS–NIR data. The result indicates that data fusion improved the classification of <em>Fritillaria</em> spp. compared to using individual spectral data. The RF classifier showed superior performance over the SVM model. The high-level data fusion model achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 93.31 %. This study demonstrates that integrating MIR and UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopy with data fusion techniques offers a feasible, non-destructive, and rapid approach for classifying <em>Fritillaria</em> spp., highlighting the potential for the identifying related medicinal food homology products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100632
Li Gao , Ruiwen Yang , Liqin Li , Bing Han , Guoyin Kai
Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique, renowned for its rapid analysis and operational simplicity, particularly in the detection of trace compounds. While its applications span various scientific domains, its potential in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remains relatively underexplored. This review systematically examines the current applications and methodological parameters of GC-IMS in TCM research, with particular emphasis on its transformative potential in quality assessment and authentication processes. The versatility of GC-IMS has been demonstrated across multiple facets of TCM analysis, including (1) differentiation of various Pao Zhi processing techniques and their impact on TCM quality, (2) authentication of TCM specimens through parameters such as storage duration and geographical origin, (3) establishment of robust quality evaluation criteria for TCM formulations, (4) detection and profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) across different growth stages, (5) taxonomic classification of TCM species, and (6) comprehensive characterization of TCM constituents. The integration of GC-IMS in TCM research offers substantial promise for advancing quality control. Its rapid analytical capabilities, coupled with high sensitivity, position it as an indispensable tool for TCM authentication and quality evaluation, with potential applications throughout various stages of TCM production and distribution.
{"title":"Application of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry in traditional Chinese medicines: A review","authors":"Li Gao , Ruiwen Yang , Liqin Li , Bing Han , Guoyin Kai","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique, renowned for its rapid analysis and operational simplicity, particularly in the detection of trace compounds. While its applications span various scientific domains, its potential in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remains relatively underexplored. This review systematically examines the current applications and methodological parameters of GC-IMS in TCM research, with particular emphasis on its transformative potential in quality assessment and authentication processes. The versatility of GC-IMS has been demonstrated across multiple facets of TCM analysis, including (1) differentiation of various Pao Zhi processing techniques and their impact on TCM quality, (2) authentication of TCM specimens through parameters such as storage duration and geographical origin, (3) establishment of robust quality evaluation criteria for TCM formulations, (4) detection and profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) across different growth stages, (5) taxonomic classification of TCM species, and (6) comprehensive characterization of TCM constituents. The integration of GC-IMS in TCM research offers substantial promise for advancing quality control. Its rapid analytical capabilities, coupled with high sensitivity, position it as an indispensable tool for TCM authentication and quality evaluation, with potential applications throughout various stages of TCM production and distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult., is a potent anti-diabetic, tropical plant species from Africa to Australia. It has been used since centuries both in indigenous and modern medicine systems to treat diabetes, snake bite, malaria, jaundice, asthma, bronchitis, cardiopathy, leukoderma, eye problems, obesity, etc. In India, the species is significantly threatened by unsustainable harvesting practices for pharmaceutical industries and habitat destruction. Moreover, the continuing climate change may affect its distributional range. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic health (genetic diversity and population genetic structure) and potential geographical range of G. sylvestre under both current (1970–2000) and projected future climatic conditions (2050 and 2070 under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and RCP8.5) to develop effective conservation, management, and sustainable utilization approaches. A moderate level of genetic diversity was found {Observed Heterozygosity (Ho = 0.391), Nei’s Expected Heterozygosity (He = 0.382), and Shannon’s information index (I = 0.656)}, with majority of the genetic variation accumulated within populations (74 %), and very high Nei’s genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.281) was noticed as the Gene flow among populations (Nm = 0.637) was medium. Various genetic clustering methods yielded two distinct (K = 2) genetic clusters in 118 G. sylvestre individuals proportionate to the geographical isolation. Compared to the present, all the future projections came pessimistically with a reduction in the high and moderate suitable areas. However, 2070 would favor the species in adaptation to the changed climate with increased suitable area compared to the year 2050.
西尔维斯特（西班牙语）r . Br。Schult交货。是一种有效的抗糖尿病植物，产于非洲到澳大利亚的热带植物。几个世纪以来，它一直被用于土著和现代医学系统中，用于治疗糖尿病、蛇咬伤、疟疾、黄疸、哮喘、支气管炎、心脏病、白癜风、眼疾、肥胖等。在印度，该物种受到不可持续的制药业采伐和栖息地破坏的严重威胁。此外，持续的气候变化可能会影响其分布范围。因此，本研究的目的是在当前（1970-2000年）和预测的未来气候条件（2050年和2070年，代表性浓度路径4.5和RCP8.5）下，评估西尔华的遗传健康（遗传多样性和种群遗传结构）和潜在地理范围，以制定有效的保护、管理和可持续利用方法。遗传多样性{Observed杂合度（Ho = 0.391）、Nei’s Expected杂合度（He = 0.382）和Shannon’s information index (I = 0.656)}为中等水平，大部分遗传变异在群体内积累（74 %），群体间基因流（Nm = 0.637）中等，群体间Nei’s遗传分化非常高（FST = 0.281）。各种遗传聚类方法在118 G中产生了两个不同的（K = 2）遗传聚类。与地理隔离程度相称的个体数量。与目前相比，所有的未来预测都是悲观的，高适宜区和中等适宜区都有所减少。然而，与2050年相比，2070年适宜面积增加，有利于物种适应气候变化。
{"title":"An integrative analysis of population genetics and species distribution modeling of Gymnema sylvestre in India","authors":"Kanchana Vaishnav , Aakash Maurya , Anjala Durgapal , T.S. Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Gymnema sylvestre</em> (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult., is a potent anti-diabetic, tropical plant species from Africa to Australia. It has been used since centuries both in indigenous and modern medicine systems to treat diabetes, snake bite, malaria, jaundice, asthma, bronchitis, cardiopathy, leukoderma, eye problems, obesity, etc. In India, the species is significantly threatened by unsustainable harvesting practices for pharmaceutical industries and habitat destruction. Moreover, the continuing climate change may affect its distributional range. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic health (genetic diversity and population genetic structure) and potential geographical range of <em>G. sylvestre</em> under both current (1970–2000) and projected future climatic conditions (2050 and 2070 under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and RCP8.5) to develop effective conservation, management, and sustainable utilization approaches. A moderate level of genetic diversity was found {Observed Heterozygosity (H<sub>o</sub> = 0.391), Nei’s Expected Heterozygosity (H<sub>e</sub> = 0.382), and Shannon’s information index (I = 0.656)}, with majority of the genetic variation accumulated within populations (74 %), and very high Nei’s genetic differentiation among populations (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.281) was noticed as the Gene flow among populations (N<sub>m</sub> = 0.637) was medium. Various genetic clustering methods yielded two distinct (K = 2) genetic clusters in 118 <em>G. sylvestre</em> individuals proportionate to the geographical isolation. Compared to the present, all the future projections came pessimistically with a reduction in the high and moderate suitable areas. However, 2070 would favor the species in adaptation to the changed climate with increased suitable area compared to the year 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bunium persicum or black cumin, holds significant medicinal and culinary importance within the Apiaceae family. Its seeds are prized in Persian and Indian cuisines for flavour-enhancing and preservative properties. Traditional medicine employs it for treating digestive disorders, urinary ailments, diabetes, obesity, and lactation enhancement. Despite its economic value, genomic resources for this plant species are scarce. To address this gap and foster genetic research, we introduce "BpGDB," the first comprehensive genomic resources database for B. persicum. BpGDB features 5939 EST-SSR markers derived from 88,309 non-redundant transcripts assembled de novo. Additionally, it incorporates 37,232 genomic SSR markers obtained from recent de novo genome sequencing efforts of our laboratory. It also includes B. persicum transcripts annotated using NCBI-NR and gene ontology (GO) databases, encompassing key gene families such as cytochrome P450, protein kinases, heat shock proteins (HSPs) etc. and biosynthetic enzymes for bioactive compounds of medicinal value. Moreover, BpGDB catalogues 4617 transcription factors (TFs) categorized into 57 families, along with their coding sequence (CDS), translated protein information. This database is user friendly and interactive with advanced search functionalities and multiple search options including SSR search, TF search, GO search etc. Users can directly access the desired information/data by either clicking on the interactive pie charts or through the menu given at the left side bar available on the homepage of database. It is aimed to facilitate researchers globally in understanding genetic traits related to therapeutic and culinary properties, while enhancing breeding strategies to improve crop productivity that may include marker-assisted selection, linkage mapping, genetic diversity studies, and population analyses in the species. Furthermore, it will open avenues for comparative genomics study within the Apiaceae family, facilitating the exploration and harnessing of the therapeutic potential of B. persicum.
{"title":"BpGDB: A genomic resource database of Bunium persicum for genetics and breeding","authors":"Akshay Singh , Nancy Sharma , Sangita Bansal , Rakesh Singh , G.P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bunium persicum</em> or black cumin, holds significant medicinal and culinary importance within the Apiaceae family. Its seeds are prized in Persian and Indian cuisines for flavour-enhancing and preservative properties. Traditional medicine employs it for treating digestive disorders, urinary ailments, diabetes, obesity, and lactation enhancement. Despite its economic value, genomic resources for this plant species are scarce. To address this gap and foster genetic research, we introduce \"BpGDB,\" the first comprehensive genomic resources database for <em>B. persicum</em>. BpGDB features 5939 EST-SSR markers derived from 88,309 non-redundant transcripts assembled <em>de novo</em>. Additionally, it incorporates 37,232 genomic SSR markers obtained from recent <em>de novo</em> genome sequencing efforts of our laboratory. It also includes <em>B. persicum</em> transcripts annotated using NCBI-NR and gene ontology (GO) databases, encompassing key gene families such as cytochrome P450, protein kinases, heat shock proteins (HSPs) etc. and biosynthetic enzymes for bioactive compounds of medicinal value. Moreover, BpGDB catalogues 4617 transcription factors (TFs) categorized into 57 families, along with their coding sequence (CDS), translated protein information. This database is user friendly and interactive with advanced search functionalities and multiple search options including SSR search, TF search, GO search etc. Users can directly access the desired information/data by either clicking on the interactive pie charts or through the menu given at the left side bar available on the homepage of database. It is aimed to facilitate researchers globally in understanding genetic traits related to therapeutic and culinary properties, while enhancing breeding strategies to improve crop productivity that may include marker-assisted selection, linkage mapping, genetic diversity studies, and population analyses in the species. Furthermore, it will open avenues for comparative genomics study within the Apiaceae family, facilitating the exploration and harnessing of the therapeutic potential of <em>B. persicum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100629
Xuelin Su , Xuying Wang , Nan Cui , Hailing Xu , Ting Tian , Bo Wei
Malania oleifera is an economically and medicinally important endangered forest tree endemic to the karst region of southwestern China, known for the high neurotic acid content of its seed oil. However, it faces challenges of low germination and survival rates due to its dormancy characteristics and high fatty acid content (prone to mildew). This study examines the impact of gibberellic acid (GA3) on M. oleifera seed germination and the associated physiological and biochemical responses. The results showed that the freshly harvested seeds of M. oleifera remained high (78.33 %) viability but germination was low (50 %) after 5 months of storage. 600 mg/L GA3 significantly increased the seed germination index, but had no effect on the mildew rate, while 400 mg/L GA3 reduced the mildew rate. Soluble sugar content was inversely related to GA3 concentration, while soluble protein levels varied, reaching a minimum at 600 mg/L. Antioxidant (SOD, CAT, POD) and starch-degrading enzyme (α-amylase and β-amylase) activities peaked at this GA3 concentration. The soluble protein level under 600 mg/L GA3 treatment was lowest at early stage (S1) and soluble sugar level was lowest at late stage (S2). Antioxidant enzyme and starch-degrading enzyme activities increased with germination, peaking at the final stage (S3). In summary, under the 600 mg/L GA3 treatment, germination parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and starch - degrading enzymes in M. oleifera seeds were all maximized. Further observation of the four germination stages revealed significant changes in nutrients and enzyme activities, accelerating nutrient consumption and enhancing antioxidant defense.
{"title":"Enhancing germination and growth in Malania oleifera Chun & S. K. Lee seeds through gibberellic acid priming","authors":"Xuelin Su , Xuying Wang , Nan Cui , Hailing Xu , Ting Tian , Bo Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Malania oleifera</em> is an economically and medicinally important endangered forest tree endemic to the karst region of southwestern China, known for the high neurotic acid content of its seed oil. However, it faces challenges of low germination and survival rates due to its dormancy characteristics and high fatty acid content (prone to mildew). This study examines the impact of gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) on <em>M. oleifera</em> seed germination and the associated physiological and biochemical responses. The results showed that the freshly harvested seeds of <em>M. oleifera</em> remained high (78.33 %) viability but germination was low (50 %) after 5 months of storage. 600 mg/L GA<sub>3</sub> significantly increased the seed germination index, but had no effect on the mildew rate, while 400 mg/L GA<sub>3</sub> reduced the mildew rate. Soluble sugar content was inversely related to GA<sub>3</sub> concentration, while soluble protein levels varied, reaching a minimum at 600 mg/L. Antioxidant (SOD, CAT, POD) and starch-degrading enzyme (α-amylase and β-amylase) activities peaked at this GA<sub>3</sub> concentration. The soluble protein level under 600 mg/L GA<sub>3</sub> treatment was lowest at early stage (S1) and soluble sugar level was lowest at late stage (S2). Antioxidant enzyme and starch-degrading enzyme activities increased with germination, peaking at the final stage (S3). In summary, under the 600 mg/L GA<sub>3</sub> treatment, germination parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and starch - degrading enzymes in <em>M. oleifera</em> seeds were all maximized. Further observation of the four germination stages revealed significant changes in nutrients and enzyme activities, accelerating nutrient consumption and enhancing antioxidant defense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100612
Jorge Warner , Yesly Camacho-Solís , Víctor M. Jiménez , Alfonso García-Piñeres
Vanilla (Orchidaceae) is a highly valued spice used in a wide range of products. Although wild crop relatives of Vanilla planifolia, the primary cultivated species, may possess traits for crop improvement, they have received limited attention. This study presents an optimized and reproducible flow cytometry protocol adapted to Vanilla leaves, that effectively prevents nuclei clustering and raphide interference. Assessing nuclear C-DNA content and estimating DNA ploidy in succulent plant tissues pose significant challenges. The abundance of polysaccharides and raphides in Vanilla tissues often leads to inaccuracies in cytometric measurements and difficulties in instrument maintenance. To address this issue, we used a nuclei isolation buffer containing 2.0 % (v/v) detergent and utilized the clear upper phase of the filtrate after raphide sedimentation to obtain accurate nuclear DNA content values. We applied this protocol to estimate the C-DNA content of 12 Vanilla species native to Costa Rica and a widely cultivated commercial hybrid. The values ranged from 5.211 ± 0.008 pg in V. planifolia to 9.0 ± 1.3 pg in V. pompona, with no clear distinction between species of the subgenera Vanilla and Xanata. For the first time, we report the 2C-DNA content of V. costaricensis, V. dressleri, V. hartii, V. helleri, V. inodora, V. karen-christianae and the 'Vaitsy' hybrid. Our results confirm the occurrence of partial endoreplication in all samples analyzed. This study contributes to the understanding of less studied wild crop relatives of V. planifolia and provides an improved method for flow cytometric analysis that can be applied to tissues containing mucilaginous compounds and raphides of other plant species.
{"title":"Optimized flow cytometry protocol for assessing DNA content in Vanilla (Orchidaceae) species: Insights into crop wild relatives and a commercial hybrid","authors":"Jorge Warner , Yesly Camacho-Solís , Víctor M. Jiménez , Alfonso García-Piñeres","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanilla (Orchidaceae) is a highly valued spice used in a wide range of products. Although wild crop relatives of <em>Vanilla planifolia</em>, the primary cultivated species, may possess traits for crop improvement, they have received limited attention. This study presents an optimized and reproducible flow cytometry protocol adapted to <em>Vanilla</em> leaves, that effectively prevents nuclei clustering and raphide interference. Assessing nuclear C-DNA content and estimating DNA ploidy in succulent plant tissues pose significant challenges. The abundance of polysaccharides and raphides in <em>Vanilla</em> tissues often leads to inaccuracies in cytometric measurements and difficulties in instrument maintenance. To address this issue, we used a nuclei isolation buffer containing 2.0 % (v/v) detergent and utilized the clear upper phase of the filtrate after raphide sedimentation to obtain accurate nuclear DNA content values. We applied this protocol to estimate the C-DNA content of 12 <em>Vanilla</em> species native to Costa Rica and a widely cultivated commercial hybrid. The values ranged from 5.211 ± 0.008 pg in <em>V. planifolia</em> to 9.0 ± 1.3 pg in <em>V. pompona</em>, with no clear distinction between species of the subgenera <em>Vanilla</em> and <em>Xanata</em>. For the first time, we report the 2C-DNA content of <em>V. costaricensis</em>, <em>V. dressleri</em>, <em>V. hartii</em>, <em>V. helleri</em>, <em>V. inodora</em>, <em>V. karen-christianae</em> and the 'Vaitsy' hybrid. Our results confirm the occurrence of partial endoreplication in all samples analyzed. This study contributes to the understanding of less studied wild crop relatives of <em>V. planifolia</em> and provides an improved method for flow cytometric analysis that can be applied to tissues containing mucilaginous compounds and raphides of other plant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100611
Mingxing Wang , Rong Xu , Ming Luo , Xinyao Li , Lu Wei , Mi Lei , Dahui Liu , Yuhuan Miao
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is a widely used Chinese Medicinal Material with economic and medicinal value. Few molecular studies have been conducted on P. ternata, resulting in a lack of applicable molecular markers. This present research analyzed the genetic diversity of 255 P. ternata germplasm resources from China, including 117 wild germplasm resources and 138 cultivated germplasm resources. Following the development of 17 pairs of highly polymorphic primers, 126 alleles were found; the average polymorphism was 99.21 %. The average number of observed alleles (Na), effective alleles (Ne) were 1.98 and 1.36, respectively. The mean of the Nei genetic diversity index (H), the Shannon's information index (I) and the polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.23, 0.36 and 0.6482, respectively. The population structure of P. ternata germplasm resources was categorized into two groups, designated as Group 1 and Group 2. The majority of wild germplasm resources was clustered in Group 1. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses produced similar results. A comparison of the genetic diversity parameters of wild and cultivated germplasm revealed that the genetic diversity was higher in the former, while the genetic differentiation level of the two types of germplasm was low. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that 9 % of the genetic variation was between populations and 91 % of the genetic variation was within populations. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) served to corroborate the findings of the cluster and population structure analysis. It was found that P. ternata with tubers having red epidermis was more separated from other germplasm resources. Association analysis based on the generalized linear model (GLM) detected four EST-SSR markers significantly associated with P. ternata tuber color. This study will be helpful for P. ternata germplasm resource conservation, identification and trait-specific breeding programs.
{"title":"Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Pinellia ternata using EST-SSR markers","authors":"Mingxing Wang , Rong Xu , Ming Luo , Xinyao Li , Lu Wei , Mi Lei , Dahui Liu , Yuhuan Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pinellia ternata</em> (Thunb.) Breit. is a widely used Chinese Medicinal Material with economic and medicinal value. Few molecular studies have been conducted on <em>P. ternata</em>, resulting in a lack of applicable molecular markers. This present research analyzed the genetic diversity of 255 <em>P. ternata</em> germplasm resources from China, including 117 wild germplasm resources and 138 cultivated germplasm resources. Following the development of 17 pairs of highly polymorphic primers, 126 alleles were found; the average polymorphism was 99.21 %. The average number of observed alleles (<em>Na</em>), effective alleles (<em>Ne</em>) were 1.98 and 1.36, respectively. The mean of the Nei genetic diversity index (<em>H</em>), the Shannon's information index (<em>I</em>) and the polymorphic information content (<em>PIC</em>) were 0.23, 0.36 and 0.6482, respectively. The population structure of <em>P. ternata</em> germplasm resources was categorized into two groups, designated as Group 1 and Group 2. The majority of wild germplasm resources was clustered in Group 1. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses produced similar results. A comparison of the genetic diversity parameters of wild and cultivated germplasm revealed that the genetic diversity was higher in the former, while the genetic differentiation level of the two types of germplasm was low. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that 9 % of the genetic variation was between populations and 91 % of the genetic variation was within populations. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) served to corroborate the findings of the cluster and population structure analysis. It was found that <em>P. ternata</em> with tubers having red epidermis was more separated from other germplasm resources. Association analysis based on the generalized linear model (GLM) detected four EST-SSR markers significantly associated with <em>P. ternata</em> tuber color. This study will be helpful for <em>P. ternata</em> germplasm resource conservation, identification and trait-specific breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100615
Raquel Parra Loureiro , Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro , Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
The use of medicinal plants that produce a secondary metabolite continues to grow along with population growth. One of these species is Campomanesia sessiliflora (O. Berg) Mattos. The literature reports that C. sessiliflora is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which possess high anti-aging activity and can be utilized in the cosmetic and food industries. Optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds from this plant is crucial for its industrial application. Currently, Campomanesia sessiliflora leaves are discarded as pruning waste. The evaluation of secondary metabolites from C. sessiliflora leaves is essential to making their use feasible for obtaining antioxidant and photoprotective extracts. This study aims to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, chlorophyll α, chlorophyll β, and carotenoids, as well as evaluate the antioxidant potential, sun protection factor (SPF), and the ultraviolet region scans of the leaf extracts. Liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to identify chemical compounds. The extracts were evaluated using different plant-to-solvent ratios and varying ethanol concentrations in water. A correlation test was conducted between the spectrophotometric profile and the levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and the antioxidant potential of C. sessiliflora leaf extracts. Results showed a positive correlation between ethanol levels and the presence of chlorophyll α, chlorophyll β, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Additionally, a correlation was found between antioxidant potential, SPF, and phenolic compound content. Statistical analyses indicate that the ethanol concentration in water is more significantly relevant than the different plant-to-solvent proportions. Gallic acid, syringic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and rutin were identified in all samples. Absorption at the 260 nm wavelength can be used for extract quality control. Regarding the monitored parameters, the best extract was obtained using 2 % leaves in 25 % ethanol in water.
{"title":"Optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from the leaves of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O. Berg) Mattos: Standardizing the utilization of a new resource","authors":"Raquel Parra Loureiro , Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro , Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of medicinal plants that produce a secondary metabolite continues to grow along with population growth. One of these species is <em>Campomanesia sessiliflora</em> (O. Berg) Mattos. The literature reports that <em>C. sessiliflora</em> is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which possess high anti-aging activity and can be utilized in the cosmetic and food industries. Optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds from this plant is crucial for its industrial application. Currently, <em>Campomanesia sessiliflora</em> leaves are discarded as pruning waste. The evaluation of secondary metabolites from C. sessiliflora leaves is essential to making their use feasible for obtaining antioxidant and photoprotective extracts. This study aims to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, chlorophyll α, chlorophyll β, and carotenoids, as well as evaluate the antioxidant potential, sun protection factor (SPF), and the ultraviolet region scans of the leaf extracts. Liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to identify chemical compounds. The extracts were evaluated using different plant-to-solvent ratios and varying ethanol concentrations in water. A correlation test was conducted between the spectrophotometric profile and the levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and the antioxidant potential of <em>C. sessiliflora</em> leaf extracts. Results showed a positive correlation between ethanol levels and the presence of chlorophyll α, chlorophyll β, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Additionally, a correlation was found between antioxidant potential, SPF, and phenolic compound content. Statistical analyses indicate that the ethanol concentration in water is more significantly relevant than the different plant-to-solvent proportions. Gallic acid, syringic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and rutin were identified in all samples. Absorption at the 260 nm wavelength can be used for extract quality control. Regarding the monitored parameters, the best extract was obtained using 2 % leaves in 25 % ethanol in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alpine medicinal plant growth, physiological processes and final number of metabolites are affected by elevation, demonstrating phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, in-depth understanding the alpine medicinal plant behaviors in responding to shift elevation has actually implications for resources protection, sustainable utilization and domestication cultivation. Currently, lots of literature detailly studied the effect of environmental factors on the synthesis and metabolism of second metabolisms in medicinal plants while the responding results of phenotype and metabolism to constrain environmental still lack systematic classification and summary. Hence, basing on previous works and literature, the adjustment of morphology and metabolism of alpine medicinal plants in responding of shift elevation were systematically outlined. The results of this reviews can know how the alpine plant adapting to shift elevation through physiological, metabolic and morphological adaptation. And this knowledge can be integrated into a framework for domesticating and protecting alpine medicinal plants, and can also serve as a quick tool to study the effects of climate warming on plateau medicinal plants.
{"title":"Morphological and physiological plasticity of alpine medicinal plants along an elevational gradient","authors":"Xuemei Wu , Liwen Zhong , Guopeng Chen , Shihong Zhong , Rui Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpine medicinal plant growth, physiological processes and final number of metabolites are affected by elevation, demonstrating phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, in-depth understanding the alpine medicinal plant behaviors in responding to shift elevation has actually implications for resources protection, sustainable utilization and domestication cultivation. Currently, lots of literature detailly studied the effect of environmental factors on the synthesis and metabolism of second metabolisms in medicinal plants while the responding results of phenotype and metabolism to constrain environmental still lack systematic classification and summary. Hence, basing on previous works and literature, the adjustment of morphology and metabolism of alpine medicinal plants in responding of shift elevation were systematically outlined. The results of this reviews can know how the alpine plant adapting to shift elevation through physiological, metabolic and morphological adaptation. And this knowledge can be integrated into a framework for domesticating and protecting alpine medicinal plants, and can also serve as a quick tool to study the effects of climate warming on plateau medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100606
Yu Wu , Zhi Yun Deng , Ming Zhu Wang , Lin Yue Liu , Yong Bao Shen
Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl., known as Chinese sassafras, is an exclusive species of tree found in China, belonging to the Sassafras genus in the Lauraceae family. Its primary mode of propagation is through seeds, which possesses a profound dormancy and irregular germination. In its natural environment, it takes approximately 2–3 years for the seeds to emerge from the ground and begin germinating. Consequently, a rapid and effective method for breaking dormancy would greatly benefitsbn edjhn the production of S. tzumu seedlings. The objective of this investigation was to identify the optimal treatment for breaking dormancy. The S. tzumu seeds were subjected to gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment and cold stratification. The findings indicated that the dormancy type of Sassafras tzumu seeds was combined (physiological + mechanical) dormancy. After 6 months of cold stratification, the germination percentage of seeds treated with various concentrations of GA3 (200 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L) all exceeded 50 %. Among these treatments, the most effective method was the application of 200 mg/L GA3 in combination with 5 months of cold stratification, resulting in a germination percentage of 55 %. During the process of cold stratification, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, starch, and fat were broken down into smaller molecules to support embryo growth. Interestingly, the content of soluble sugar exhibited an upward-downward trend, while the content of soluble protein displayed a downward-upward trend. The release of dormancy in S. tzumu seeds was jointly regulated by various endogenous hormones. The content of GA3 demonstrated an upward-downward trend, while the ABA content exhibited a continuous decline with a brief upward trend. In contrast, the IAA content displayed a continuous upward trend, and the ZR content showed no significant change. The ratios of GA3/ABA, IAA/ABA, and ZR/ABA all displayed an upward trend.
{"title":"Effect of gibberellic acid treatment and cold stratification on breaking combined (physiological + mechanical) dormancy and germination in Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl seeds","authors":"Yu Wu , Zhi Yun Deng , Ming Zhu Wang , Lin Yue Liu , Yong Bao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sassafras tzumu</em> (Hemsl.) Hemsl., known as Chinese sassafras, is an exclusive species of tree found in China, belonging to the <em>Sassafras</em> genus in the Lauraceae family. Its primary mode of propagation is through seeds, which possesses a profound dormancy and irregular germination. In its natural environment, it takes approximately 2–3 years for the seeds to emerge from the ground and begin germinating. Consequently, a rapid and effective method for breaking dormancy would greatly benefitsbn edjhn the production of <em>S. tzumu</em> seedlings. The objective of this investigation was to identify the optimal treatment for breaking dormancy. The <em>S. tzumu</em> seeds were subjected to gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) treatment and cold stratification. The findings indicated that the dormancy type of <em>Sassafras tzumu</em> seeds was combined (physiological + mechanical) dormancy. After 6 months of cold stratification, the germination percentage of seeds treated with various concentrations of GA<sub>3</sub> (200 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L) all exceeded 50 %. Among these treatments, the most effective method was the application of 200 mg/L GA<sub>3</sub> in combination with 5 months of cold stratification, resulting in a germination percentage of 55 %. During the process of cold stratification, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, starch, and fat were broken down into smaller molecules to support embryo growth. Interestingly, the content of soluble sugar exhibited an upward-downward trend, while the content of soluble protein displayed a downward-upward trend. The release of dormancy in <em>S. tzumu</em> seeds was jointly regulated by various endogenous hormones. The content of GA<sub>3</sub> demonstrated an upward-downward trend, while the ABA content exhibited a continuous decline with a brief upward trend. In contrast, the IAA content displayed a continuous upward trend, and the ZR content showed no significant change. The ratios of GA<sub>3</sub>/ABA, IAA/ABA, and ZR/ABA all displayed an upward trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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