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Tissue Cultured Versus Traditionally Grown Pineapples: Growth and Nutrient Profile 组织培养菠萝与传统种植菠萝:生长和营养特征
Pub Date : 2016-08-03 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000237
Donald A. Jackson, I. Williams, Donna-Marie Newby, Sannette C. Hall, S. Higgins, Ryan D. Francis, A. Smith
Background: Ananas comosus, commonly known as pineapple, is a fruit that is endorsed by the Ministry of Agriculture to be economically important to the island. Tissue culture maybe used as an additional method of propagation to supplement traditional methods to increase productivity. This study was therefore designed to assess the effectiveness of utilising tissue culture techniques to produce pineapple plants and compare their productivity, nutritional profile and maturation period with those grown using traditional cultivation practices. Methods: Explants were collected from local farms in Jamaica. After the explants were successfully established in vitro through tissue culture technique, they were then acclimatized in a shadehouse for two weeks and subsequently transferred to the field. Both physical and chemical profiles of plants and fruits were evaluated during the course of the study. Results: The results show that the tissue cultured (TC) pineapples had similar physical and chemical properties when compared to the traditionally grown (TG) plants. The plants produced fruits at the same time. The heights were also the same at the time of fruiting. There was no significant difference in fruit weight when TC (1.60 ± 0.17) pineapples were compared to TG (1.60 ± 0.17); this is consistent with work done by other researchers. The nutrient profile of TC and TG pineapples were statistically similar (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicates that tissue cultured pineapples and those propagated traditionally have similar chemical and nutrient profiles, maturation period and physical properties. This therefore suggest that tissue culture may be a suitable alternative for production of planting materials as they can survive under similar growing conditions as those propagated by traditional methods. This may prove beneficial to the agro industry as availability of clean planting materials has shown to be a major factor impacting on the productivity of the crop and by extension revenue generated from exportation.
背景:Ananas comosus,俗称菠萝,是农业部认可的一种水果,对该岛具有重要的经济意义。组织培养可以作为一种额外的繁殖方法来补充传统的方法,以提高生产力。因此,本研究旨在评估利用组织培养技术生产菠萝植株的有效性,并将其生产力、营养状况和成熟期与使用传统栽培方法种植的植株进行比较。方法:外植体采自牙买加当地农场。通过组织培养技术在体外成功建立外植体后,在阴凉室中驯化两周,然后转移到田间。在研究过程中,对植物和水果的物理和化学特征进行了评估。结果:组织培养菠萝与传统种植菠萝具有相似的理化性质。这些植物同时结果。结果的时候,树的高度也是一样的。TC(1.60±0.17)菠萝与TG(1.60±0.17)菠萝的果实质量差异不显著;这与其他研究人员的研究结果一致。TC和TG菠萝的营养成分差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:组织培养的菠萝与传统繁殖的菠萝具有相似的化学和营养特征、成熟期和物理特性。因此,组织培养可能是生产种植材料的一种合适的替代方法,因为它们可以在与传统方法繁殖的种植材料相似的生长条件下存活。这可能对农业有利,因为清洁种植材料的供应已证明是影响作物生产力和由此产生的出口收入的一个主要因素。
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引用次数: 3
Bacterial Modes of Action for Enhancing of Plant Growth 促进植物生长的细菌作用方式
Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000236
Premach, D. Ră, L. Hudek, L. Bräu
The greatest issue affecting the sustainability of broad acre cropping both environmentally and economically is the requirement of fertilizers. These are based on mined phosphorous or other mineral ores, ammonia produced through the Harbour-Bosch process and industrially manufactured potash. As global demand for fertilizers increases, the costs associated with the production for each of these major nutrients increases. Biofertilizers such as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a possible biotechnology that could alleviate the need for addition of increasing amounts of fertilizers. These bacteria naturally occur in soils and aggressively colonize around plant roots and have been shown to have plant growth promoting effects. PGPB are known to influence plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms; while some can affect plant physiology directly by mimicking synthesis of plant hormones, others increase mineral availability and nitrogen content in soil. Here we review the previously characterized modes of action for enhancement of plant growth by PGPB such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization and production of auxins and enzymes, as well as discussing more recent proposed modes of action such as secondary metabolites.
在环境和经济上影响大面积种植可持续性的最大问题是肥料的需求。这些都是基于开采的磷或其他矿物矿石,通过海港-博世工艺生产的氨和工业生产的钾肥。随着全球对化肥需求的增加,与这些主要营养素的生产相关的成本也在增加。植物生长促进菌(PGPB)等生物肥料是一种可能的生物技术,可以减轻对添加越来越多的肥料的需求。这些细菌自然存在于土壤中,并在植物根部周围积极定植,并已被证明具有促进植物生长的作用。已知PGPB通过各种直接和间接机制影响植物生长;虽然有些可以通过模仿植物激素的合成直接影响植物生理,但其他可以增加土壤中矿物质的可利用性和氮含量。在此,我们回顾了先前研究的PGPB促进植物生长的作用模式,如固氮、营养物增溶、生长素和酶的产生,并讨论了最近提出的作用模式,如次生代谢产物。
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引用次数: 32
Some Physiological Insights of 2,4-D Sensitivity in an Aquatic Fern: Azolla pinnata R.Br 水生蕨类植物杜鹃(Azolla pinnata R.Br) 2,4- d敏感性的生理学研究
Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000235
A. De, N. Dey, M. K. Adak
In an experiment with Azolla pinnata R.Br. under varying concentrations of herbicide (2,4-D), it reveals that the fern species has an wider ranges of physiological activities in moderation. Initially, the effects of the herbicide were reflected with minimum changes in dry matter accumulation in a dose dependent manner. The changes of membrane permeability had the maximum effects on 1000 μM of 2,4-D following the concentration gradient. However, the intermediate concentration of herbicide had not brought any significant changes in electrolytic conductivity. At initial concentration of herbicide treatments the electrolyte conductivity remains more stable. In support to osmotic stability plants recorded a significant change in water deficits that was experienced by proline accumulation in tissues. Thus, a steady increase in proline concentration was the feature of this species when interacts with 2,4-D. In another way the fern species had tolerated the loss of turgidity with significant accumulation of glycine-betaine with their maximum value at 1000 μM of 2,4-D. In further progress of effects of 2,4-D the plants were significantly characterised with an increase in ROS activities. Thus, ROS induced tissue lysis was detected by in vivo Evan's Blue staining of the root tissues with maximum intensity at 1000 μM of 2,4-D. The initial defence barrier of this species against ROS at cellular spaces was studied with in-gel analysis of enzyme like wallbound peroxidase. Plants registered a maximum peroxidase activities at influence of 2,4-D with 1000 μM. In addition to gene expression in Azolla a distinct polymorphism was observed as a function of 2,4-D treatments and that may be set as a bio indicator to herbicide interaction.
以凤仙花为原料进行试验。在不同浓度的除草剂(2,4- d)下,揭示了蕨类植物在适度的情况下具有更广泛的生理活性。最初,除草剂的影响反映在干物质积累的最小变化上,且呈剂量依赖性。在2,4- d浓度为1000 μM时,膜透性随浓度梯度变化最大。而除草剂的中间浓度对电解电导率没有显著影响。在初始浓度除草剂处理下,电解质电导率保持较稳定。为了支持渗透稳定性,植物记录了组织中脯氨酸积累所经历的水分亏缺的显著变化。因此,当与2,4- d相互作用时,脯氨酸浓度稳定增加是该物种的特征。在另一种方式下,蕨类植物可以忍受因甘氨酸-甜菜碱的显著积累而失去肿胀性,其最大值在1000 μM的2,4- d下。在对2,4- d影响的进一步研究中,植物的ROS活性显著增加。因此,通过对根组织进行体内Evan’s Blue染色,最大强度为1000 μM的2,4- d,检测ROS诱导的组织裂解。通过凝胶内酶(如壁结合过氧化物酶)分析,研究了该物种对细胞间隙ROS的初始防御屏障。在2,4- d浓度为1000 μM时,植株过氧化物酶活性最高。在2,4- d处理下,杜鹃花除基因表达外,还存在明显的多态性,这可能是除草剂互作的生物学指标。
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引用次数: 2
Biocompatibility of pegylated fibrinogen and its effect on healing of full-thickness skin defects: A preliminary study in rats 聚乙二醇化纤维蛋白原的生物相容性及其对大鼠全层皮肤缺损愈合作用的初步研究
Pub Date : 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000233
Venzin Cm, Jacot, A. Berdichevsky, Karol Aa, D. Seliktar, B. vonRechenberg, Nuss Kmr
Introduction: A synthetic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), was conjugated to fibrinogen as a threedimensional and biodegradable skin wound dressing matrix. This PEG-fibrinogen (PEG-fib) was tested in vivo in a skin wound time course study for its biocompatibility and biodegradation, after being delivered into the wound by injection and polymerized in situ by photo-activation. Materials and methods: The nature of the inflammatory response to the implanted material in acute, 8 mm diameter, full-thickness skin lesions in rats was histologically evaluated at 7 days (n=6) and 14 days (n=6). Six wounds per time point were left untreated as controls. Results: After 14 days, wounds of both groups were healed by up to 78% contraction and 22% epithelialization. Immune cells such as foreign body giant cells, macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes were seen in the PEGfib treated wounds at both time points, however in low numbers and similar to controls. The amount of immune cells dropped between day 7 and 14. Remnants of the gel were found at day 7 in two of the PEG-fib treated wounds, no PEG-fib were found after 14 days in any of the wounds. There was no difference in epithelialization between the two treatments at both time points. Discussion: The histological evaluation showed good biocompatibility of the PEG-fib, such that a foreign body reaction to the implant could be ruled out. The amount of immune cells was in accordance to a normal reaction to an implanted resorbable biomaterial. Conclusion: The PEG-fib hydrogel is fully biocompatible as a skin wound dressing. It provides initial moisture to the wound bed and is gradually resorbed and replaced by structured skin tissue. An attractive future perspective would be to prepopulate the PEG-fib hydrogel with cells (e.g. fibroblasts), or load it with growth factors or other soluble mediators to further promote healing of complicated skin wounds.
一种合成聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG),与纤维蛋白原偶联,作为三维可生物降解的皮肤伤口敷料基质。这种聚乙二醇纤维蛋白原(PEG-fib)通过注射进入伤口并通过光激活原位聚合后,在皮肤伤口时间过程研究中测试了其生物相容性和生物降解。材料与方法:在7天(n=6)和14天(n=6)对大鼠急性、直径8 mm、全层皮肤病变植入材料的炎症反应进行组织学评价。每个时间点有6个伤口未经治疗作为对照组。结果:14 d后,两组创面收缩率达78%,上皮化率达22%。免疫细胞如异物巨细胞、巨噬细胞、浆细胞和淋巴细胞在两个时间点均可见PEGfib处理的伤口,但数量较少,与对照组相似。免疫细胞数量在第7天至第14天之间下降。第7天在两个PEG-fib处理的伤口中发现了凝胶的残留物,14天后在任何伤口中都没有发现PEG-fib。两种治疗在两个时间点上的上皮化没有差异。讨论:组织学评价显示PEG-fib具有良好的生物相容性,因此可以排除异物对植入物的反应。免疫细胞的数量符合对植入可吸收生物材料的正常反应。结论:聚乙二醇纤维水凝胶作为皮肤创面敷料具有良好的生物相容性。它为伤口床提供最初的水分,并逐渐被吸收并被结构化的皮肤组织所取代。一个有吸引力的未来前景是在PEG-fib水凝胶中预先填充细胞(如成纤维细胞),或在其上加载生长因子或其他可溶性介质,以进一步促进复杂皮肤伤口的愈合。
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引用次数: 4
Isolation and Characterization of Acid Soluble Collagen from the Skin ofAfrican Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic Cod (Gadus morhua) 非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)、鲑鱼(Salmo salar)和波罗的海鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)皮肤中酸溶性胶原蛋白的分离与鉴定
Pub Date : 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000234
R. Tylingo, Szymon Mania, A. Panek, RafaÅ PiÄtek, Roman PawÅowicz
Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the fish skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) was extracted and characterized. The ASC extraction yield was 75%, 73% and 68%, respectively. The denaturation and melting temperatures of African catfish ASC (29.3°C and 100.0°C) were significantly higher than ASC of Salmon and Baltic cod (20.6°C and 90.5°C; 15.2°C and 86.7°C, respectively), assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. The SDS-PAGE profile showed that each of tested ASC was the type I collagen and consisted of two different α chains, α1 and α2, as well as a β component. The FTIR spectra of all collagens indicate that the overall their chemical compositions are quite similar. The fish skin collagen is easy to prepare and represents a possible resource for use on industrial scale.
从非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)、鲑鱼(Salmo salar)和波罗的海鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)的鱼皮中提取并鉴定了酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)。ASC的提取率分别为75%、73%和68%。非洲鲶鱼的ASC(29.3°C和100.0°C)显著高于鲑鱼和波罗的海鳕鱼(20.6°C和90.5°C);15.2°C和86.7°C),通过差示扫描量热法评估。SDS-PAGE图谱显示,每个ASC均为I型胶原,由α1和α2两条不同的α链以及β组分组成。所有胶原蛋白的FTIR光谱表明,它们的整体化学成分非常相似。鱼皮胶原蛋白易于制备,是一种可能用于工业规模的资源。
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Acid Soluble Collagen from the Skin ofAfrican Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic Cod (Gadus morhua)","authors":"R. Tylingo, Szymon Mania, A. Panek, RafaÅ PiÄtek, Roman PawÅowicz","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the fish skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) was extracted and characterized. The ASC extraction yield was 75%, 73% and 68%, respectively. The denaturation and melting temperatures of African catfish ASC (29.3°C and 100.0°C) were significantly higher than ASC of Salmon and Baltic cod (20.6°C and 90.5°C; 15.2°C and 86.7°C, respectively), assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. The SDS-PAGE profile showed that each of tested ASC was the type I collagen and consisted of two different α chains, α1 and α2, as well as a β component. The FTIR spectra of all collagens indicate that the overall their chemical compositions are quite similar. The fish skin collagen is easy to prepare and represents a possible resource for use on industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86358920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
The Promises, Methodological Discrepancies and Pitfalls in Measurement of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diseases 疾病中细胞源性细胞外囊泡测量的前景、方法差异和缺陷
Pub Date : 2016-06-18 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000232
A. Berezin, R. Mokhnach
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous population of phospholipid-based endogenously produced particles. EVs are detected in several biological fluids and tissues as biomarkers of diseases and target of medicines. The conventional approach for measuring the MPs is based on commonly used flow cytometry, fluorescent methods, and nano-particle tracking analysis that recognized as a gold standard, as well as Western blot analysis, dynamic light scattering, resistive pulse sensing, mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods and electron microscopy. However the definition of MPs using these techniques is yet under discussion. The aim of the review: to summarize the knowledge regarding detection and measurement of the EVs and define the balance between advantages and limitations of each contemporary analytical methods of EV assay.
细胞源性细胞外囊泡(EVs)是一种异质性的磷脂基内源性颗粒。ev作为疾病的生物标志物和药物靶点存在于多种生物体液和组织中。测量MPs的传统方法是基于常用的流式细胞术、荧光方法和被认为是金标准的纳米颗粒跟踪分析,以及Western blot分析、动态光散射、电阻脉冲传感、基于质谱的蛋白质组学方法和电子显微镜。然而,使用这些技术的MPs的定义仍在讨论中。综述的目的是:总结有关EV检测和测量的知识,并定义每个EV测定的当代分析方法的优点和局限性之间的平衡。
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引用次数: 13
Biomatrices in Urethral Reconstruction 生物基质在尿道重建中的应用
Pub Date : 2016-06-07 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000231
Long Zhang, Yajun Xiao
Urethral reconstruction is still a big challenge in urology. Traditionally, the penile skin or buccal mucosa was used as graft for replacement. However, the morbidity of the donor site was reported previously. Furthermore, there is a lack of an adequate autologous donor graft in many cases. The tissue engineered urethra may provide an alternative to the reconstruction. Herein, we reviewed the biomatrices for urethral substitution either in animal model or in clinical cases.
尿道重建仍然是泌尿外科的一大挑战。传统上,阴茎皮肤或颊粘膜作为移植物进行替代。然而,供体部位的发病率以前有报道。此外,在许多病例中缺乏足够的自体供体移植物。组织工程尿道可作为尿道重建的一种替代方法。在此,我们综述了动物模型和临床病例中用于尿道替代的生物基质。
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引用次数: 0
Personalized Nanotheranotics for Cancer 个性化纳米治疗癌症
Pub Date : 2016-06-02 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000E127
M. Bivash
According to a cancer statics report, more than 14 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2012 [1]. Cancer remains a complex and difficult-to-treat disease with heterogeneity of tumor makes it more challenging for chemotherapeutic intervention. Heterogeneity of tumor includes differences among cancer patients of same type and within a same type of tumor. Traditional cancer treatment with “One treatment fits all” or “one dose fits all” philosophy provides lack of specificity to tumor, limited or no therapeutic effects, drug resistance, disease relapse, and severe adverse effects.
根据一份癌症统计报告,2012年全球报告了超过1400万新的癌症病例和820万例死亡。癌症是一种复杂的难治性疾病,肿瘤的异质性使化疗干预更具挑战性。肿瘤的异质性包括同一类型肿瘤患者之间和同一类型肿瘤内的差异。传统的“一治万用”或“一剂万用”的癌症治疗方法对肿瘤缺乏特异性,治疗效果有限或无效果,易产生耐药性,易复发,不良反应严重。
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引用次数: 7
Implantable Magnetic-Dielectric Composites for Prolonged Hyperthermia Treatment of Hepatic Lesions 植入式磁介电复合材料用于肝损伤的长时间高温治疗
Pub Date : 2016-05-30 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000230
Somesh Mohapatra, K. Yadav, A. Srivastava
The inefficiency and the low success rates of surgical resection and side effects of chemotherapy used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma have elicited substantial research interest in alternative methods for treatment. Here we report the use of magnetic-dielectric composite of Chromium doped Iron Oxide (Cr0.2Fe1.8O3) – Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) for the hyperthermia treatment of hepatic lesions. The magnetic oxide was prepared by sol-gel processing route and the formed phase was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction. The composite was formed in Acetic Acid media where the magnetic oxide was embedded in the PVDF matrix. Surface morphology of the formed composite was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy and biocompatibility was ensured by MTTAssay studies. In silico studies were carried out using Finite Element Method simulation to depict the conditions at which hyperthermia treatment may occur in the hepatic tissue.
肝细胞癌手术切除的低效率和低成功率以及化疗的副作用引起了对替代治疗方法的大量研究兴趣。在这里,我们报告了使用铬掺杂氧化铁(Cr0.2Fe1.8O3) -聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的磁介电复合材料用于肝病变的热疗治疗。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备磁性氧化物,并用x射线衍射对所形成的相进行了表征。该复合材料是在醋酸介质中形成的,其中磁性氧化物嵌入在PVDF基体中。用扫描电镜研究了形成的复合材料的表面形貌,并通过MTTAssay研究确保了生物相容性。计算机研究使用有限元法模拟来描述在肝组织中可能发生热疗的条件。
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引用次数: 2
Globalization of Clinical Trials: Ethics and Conduct 临床试验全球化:伦理与行为
Pub Date : 2016-05-24 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000229
A. Lodha
The underlying motif of the article “Ethical and Scientific Implications of the Globalization of Clinical Research” is that the clinical trials conducted in developing countries are justified; and that the suggested changes for improvement in the ethical standards can safeguard the interests of people in those areas. However, through this response, I contend that the conduction of clinical trials by pharmaceutical companies from the developed world in underdeveloped nations is essentially unethical from a pragmatic ground-level view as well as in the realms of philosophical theory.
“临床研究全球化的伦理和科学影响”一文中的基本主题是,在发展中国家进行的临床试验是合理的;建议的改进道德标准的变化可以维护这些领域人民的利益。然而,通过这一回应,我认为,从实用主义的角度来看,发达国家的制药公司在不发达国家进行临床试验,从哲学理论的角度来看,本质上是不道德的。
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引用次数: 14
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Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials
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