Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering最新文献

英文中文

Prediction on Behaviour of Blood Velocity and Mitral Leaflet Displacement in the Different Shapes of Heart Valve during Cardiac Cycle 心脏周期中不同形状心脏瓣膜血流速度和二尖瓣位移的预测

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.17.79

Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib, Faradila Naim, N. Hasni, K. Osman

The number of cases for heart diseases is increasing every day, even though medication technologies are always improving and moving forward. In this paper, the objectives of the study are to investigate the effect of blood flow velocity and leaflet displacement using different shapes of simplified two dimensional heart valve leaflets in the diastole condition. Four different shapes of heart valve were created and the simulation was performed by using Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI). From the results obtained, the triangle shaped leaflet showed it had the highest blood velocity changes and leaflets displacement changes in a one second period when compared to the other three shapes. The outcome simulation result shows that a large vortex formed behind the leaflet and leaflet deformed when the blood flow into left ventricle is agreed with the results in literature. In conclusion, four different shapes of two dimensional model of mitral valve has been developed and investigated for applying the most suitable shape in future artificial valve design.

尽管医疗技术一直在进步和进步，但心脏病病例的数量每天都在增加。在本文中，研究的目的是探讨不同形状的简化二维心脏瓣膜小叶在舒张状态下对血流速度和小叶位移的影响。建立了四种不同形状的心脏瓣膜，并利用流固耦合(FSI)进行了仿真。从得到的结果来看，与其他三种形状相比，三角形小叶在一秒钟内的血流速度变化和小叶位移变化最大。结果模拟结果表明，血液进入左心室时，小叶后形成大涡，小叶变形，与文献结果一致。本文研究了四种不同形状的二尖瓣二维模型，以期在今后的人工瓣膜设计中应用最合适的形状。

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引用次数: 7

In Vitro Characterization of Calcium Salts as Delivery Vehicles for Insulin 钙盐作为胰岛素递送载体的体外表征

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.17.53

Loay Al-zube, Thakir D. Al-Momani, O. Al-Bataineh, L. Tahtamouni

Normalization of blood glucose levels with systemic insulin or by local administration of insulin to the fracture site can normalize early parameters of fracture healing. However, the short biological half-lives of growth factors and cytokines may impose severe restraints on their clinical usefulness. To find an optimal carrier, calcium salts (Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)) have been investigated as possible delivery vehicles for insulin in osseous repair. Released kinetics was determined for both materials by measuring insulin concentrations using a specific insulin ELISA Kit. The data showed that CaSO4 caused a big burst of insulin release, and continues to release the insulin for 5 hours. However, TCP gradually released insulin to the solution in smaller quantities for approximately 12 hours.

通过全身胰岛素或骨折部位局部注射胰岛素使血糖水平正常化可以使骨折愈合的早期参数正常化。然而，生长因子和细胞因子较短的生物学半衰期可能严重限制其临床应用。为了寻找最佳载体，研究了钙盐(硫酸钙(CaSO4)和β-磷酸三钙(TCP))作为胰岛素在骨修复中的可能递送载体。使用特异性胰岛素酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒测量胰岛素浓度，确定两种材料的释放动力学。数据显示，CaSO4引起胰岛素释放的大爆发，并持续释放胰岛素5小时。然而，TCP在大约12小时内逐渐将少量胰岛素释放到溶液中。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Quercetin 槲皮素分子印迹聚合物的合成与表征

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.17.71

N. Verma, N. Trehan

Quercetin is a flavonoid present in herbs, fruits and vegetables. It acts as an antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) were prepared for quercetin by non-covalent approach in the presence of monomer acrylamide, EGDMA as the crosslinker, AIBN as the initiator and methanol and ethyl acetate as porogenic solvents. Most stable MIPs were synthesized using methanol as the solvent. Step wise removal of the template with methanol and acetic acid (9:1) left binding sites that retain complementary specificity and affinity. These stable MIPs were analysed by FT-IR technique. It was observed that there was hydrogen bonding between the template and the functional monomer. This study was further supported by NMR analysis for MIPs and NMIPs (control polymer) that cavity for quercetin has been created in MIPs and absent in the case of NMIPs. MIPs were characterized by SEM analysis that showed more clusters in case of MIPs than NMIPs as an effect of imprinting. These MIPs can be used for extraction of quercetin from herbs in a one step process.

槲皮素是一种类黄酮，存在于草药、水果和蔬菜中。它是一种抗氧化剂、抗癌剂和消炎剂。以单体丙烯酰胺为交联剂，EGDMA为引发剂，甲醇和乙酸乙酯为致孔溶剂，采用非共价法制备槲皮素分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)。以甲醇为溶剂合成了最稳定的mip。用甲醇和乙酸(9:1)逐步去除模板，留下的结合位点保留了互补的特异性和亲和力。用FT-IR技术对这些稳定的MIPs进行分析。观察到模板与功能单体之间存在氢键。对MIPs和NMIPs(对照聚合物)的核磁共振分析进一步支持了这一研究，在MIPs中产生了槲皮素的空腔，而在NMIPs中则没有。通过SEM分析发现，印迹作用下，MIPs比NMIPs的簇数更多。这些mip可用于一步法从草药中提取槲皮素。

引用次数: 1

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) of FeCralloy®-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite 铁合金®增强羟基磷灰石的热等静压(HIPing)

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.17.87

N. Ehsani, A. Ruys, C. Sorrell

The goal of this study was to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp), a bioactive biomaterial, in a decomposition-free form with fracture toughness comparable to bone by metal fibre-reinforcement. This goal was ultimately achieved. Glass encapsulation of FeCralloy®-reinforced HAp was an unsuccessful technique due to the excessive low-temperature volatilisation, which aerated the glass. Therefore a graphite/stainless steel encapsulation system was used in the present study. Hot isostatic pressing enabled the production of fully dense decomposition-free HAp with toughness improvements of 14 times (FeCralloy® fibres, optimally 15 vol%), comparable to cortical bone. Further, it was found that the HAp decomposition temperature was higher at 100 MPa (the HIPing pressure) than for pressureless sintering. Addition of the FeCralloy® fibre additive induced significant plastic deformation and ductile fracture of the hydroxyapatite.

这项研究的目的是生产羟基磷灰石(HAp)，这是一种生物活性生物材料，通过金属纤维增强，以不分解的形式具有与骨相当的断裂韧性。这一目标最终实现了。铁合金®增强HAp的玻璃封装是一种不成功的技术，因为过度的低温挥发使玻璃曝气。因此，本研究采用石墨/不锈钢封装体系。热等静压能够生产出完全致密的无分解HAp，其韧性提高了14倍(FeCralloy®纤维，最佳为15 vol%)，与皮质骨相当。此外，发现在100 MPa (HIPing压力)下，HAp的分解温度比无压烧结时更高。FeCralloy®纤维添加剂的加入引起了羟基磷灰石的显著塑性变形和韧性断裂。

引用次数: 7

Biocompatibility Assessment of Novel Bioresorbable Alloys Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu for Endovascular Applications: In- Vitro Studies. 新型生物可吸收合金Mg-Zn-Se和Mg-Zn-Cu在血管内应用的生物相容性评估:体外研究。

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.17.25

Dharam Persaud-Sharma, Noah Budiansky, Anthony J McGoron

Previous studies have shown that using biodegradable magnesium alloys such as Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Al possess the appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility to serve in a multitude of biological applications ranging from endovascular to orthopedic and fixation devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel as-cast magnesium alloys Mg-1Zn-1Cu wt.% and Mg-1Zn-1Se wt.% as potential implantable biomedical materials, and compare their biologically effective properties to a binary Mg-Zn alloy. The cytotoxicity of these experimental alloys was evaluated using a tetrazolium based- MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and a lactate dehydrogenase membrane integrity assay (LDH). The MTS assay was performed on extract solutions obtained from a 30-day period of alloy immersion and agitation in simulated body fluid to evaluate the major degradation products eluted from the alloy materials. Human foreskin fibroblast cell growth on the experimental magnesium alloys was evaluated for a 72 hour period, and cell death was quantified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. Both Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys exhibit low cytotoxicity levels which are suitable for biomaterial applications. The Mg-Zn-Cu alloy was found to completely degrade within 72 hours, resulting in lower human foreskin fibroblast cell viability. The Mg-Zn-Se alloy was shown to be less cytotoxic than both the Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn alloys.

先前的研究表明，使用Mg-Zn和Mg-Zn- al等可生物降解镁合金具有适当的机械性能和生物相容性，可用于从血管内到骨科和固定装置的多种生物应用。本研究的目的是评估新型铸态镁合金Mg-1Zn-1Cu wt.%和Mg-1Zn-1Se wt.%作为潜在植入式生物医学材料的生物相容性，并将其与二元Mg-Zn合金的生物有效性进行比较。采用基于四氮唑的MTS(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-巯基)- 2h -四氮唑)测定法和乳酸脱氢酶膜完整性测定法(LDH)对这些实验合金的细胞毒性进行了评估。MTS试验对合金在模拟体液中浸泡和搅拌30天的提取液进行，以评估从合金材料中洗脱的主要降解产物。测定人包皮成纤维细胞在实验镁合金上生长72小时，并通过乳酸脱氢酶浓度测定细胞死亡情况。Mg-Zn-Se和Mg-Zn-Cu合金均具有较低的细胞毒性水平，适用于生物材料应用。发现Mg-Zn-Cu合金在72小时内完全降解，导致人包皮成纤维细胞活力降低。Mg-Zn- se合金的细胞毒性低于Mg-Zn- cu和Mg-Zn合金。

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引用次数: 7

A review on bioactive porous metallic biomaterials 生物活性多孔金属生物材料的研究进展

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1662-100X.1000104

K. Mediaswanti, C. Wen, E. Ivanova, C. Berndt, F. Malherbe, Vy T Pham, James Wang

Porous metallic biomaterials have been extensively studied for many bone tissue engineering applications because porous structures provided space for bone in-growth and vascularisation. Improvement on mechanical properties also leads to the increased popularity of porous materials for bone substitute applications, especially for load-bearing implants. However, they usually lack sufficient osseointegration for implant longevity. In addition, their biocompatibility is also an important concern in these applications due to adverse reactions of metallic ions with the surrounding tissues after these metallic ions are released from the implant surfaces. One consideration to accelerate the healing process is surface treatment, including application of bioactive coatings, e.g. hydroxyapatite and biomimetic creation of surface. Surface treatments on biomaterials will determine surface chemistry and topography, whereas these surface characteristics influence osseointegration process. To respond on the challenges of producing biocompatible and mechanical compatible biomaterials and lack of review studies on surface modifications on porous structures, a comprehensive literature review on surface modifications of various porous metallic materials is presented. This review covers various methods of surface treatment such as biomimetic, electrodeposition, alkali heat treatment, anodization and their effects on mechanical and structural properties which then provided insights into bone implants improvement studies. Biological responses (in vitro and In vivo) of porous material after surface treatment are thoroughly discussed.

多孔金属生物材料在骨组织工程中得到了广泛的研究，因为多孔结构为骨生长和血管化提供了空间。机械性能的提高也导致多孔材料在骨替代物中的应用日益普及，特别是在承重植入物中。然而，它们通常缺乏足够的骨整合来延长种植体的寿命。此外，由于金属离子从植入物表面释放后与周围组织的不良反应，它们的生物相容性也是这些应用中的一个重要问题。加速愈合过程的一个考虑因素是表面处理，包括生物活性涂层的应用，例如羟基磷灰石和仿生表面的创造。生物材料的表面处理将决定表面化学和形貌，而这些表面特征影响骨整合过程。针对制备生物相容性和机械相容性生物材料所面临的挑战，以及多孔结构表面修饰研究的综述性不足，本文对各种多孔金属材料的表面修饰进行了综述。本文综述了各种表面处理方法，如仿生、电沉积、碱热处理、阳极氧化及其对骨植入物力学和结构性能的影响，为骨植入物的改进研究提供了见解。深入讨论了多孔材料表面处理后的生物反应(体内和体外)。

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引用次数: 42

In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Ternary Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu Alloys as Biomaterials. 三元镁锌硒和镁锌铜合金作为生物材料的体外降解行为。

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1662-100X.1000101

Dharam Persaud-Sharma, Noah Budiansky

In this study, the corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys was investigated to evaluate their corrosion behavior related to use as implantable biomaterials. The corrosion behavior of these alloys and a commercially available Mg-Zn alloy were examined using static solution electrochemical testing, dynamic solution gravimetric testing, ion leaching testing, and microscopic evaluation. Fluctuations in the pH of the Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) used for the gravimetric and ion leaching immersion testing were also recorded over the 30-day duration to assess whether the media conditions induced by the alloy degradation would permit for cellular survival. Weight loss experimentation and electrochemical tests revealed the Mg-Zn-Cu alloy to have the greatest corrosion rate.

在这项研究中，研究了Mg-Zn-Se和Mg-Zn-Cu合金的腐蚀行为，以评估它们作为植入式生物材料的腐蚀行为。通过静态溶液电化学测试、动态溶液重量测试、离子浸出测试和微观评价，研究了这些合金和一种市售Mg-Zn合金的腐蚀行为。用于重量和离子浸出浸泡试验的Dulbecco's Modified Eagles培养基(DMEM)的pH值波动也被记录在30天的持续时间内，以评估合金降解诱导的培养基条件是否允许细胞存活。失重实验和电化学测试表明，Mg-Zn-Cu合金的腐蚀速率最大。

引用次数: 10

Comparative Investigations of the Sandfishs β-Keratin (Reptilia: Scincidae: Scincus scincus). Part 2: Glycan-Based Friction Reduction 沙鱼β-角蛋白的比较研究(爬行纲:沙鱼科:沙鱼科)。第2部分:基于聚糖的摩擦减少

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.1

Konrad Staudt, W. Böhme, W. Baumgartner

The sandfish (Scincidae: Scincus scincus) is a lizard having outstanding skin properties. The scales show low friction behaviour and high abrasion resistance. After giving molecular support by DNA and protein analysis in Part 1 for increased glycosylation of the skins β-keratins, in this study the effect of glycans for friction reduction was investigated by (1) ammonium-based keratinolysis of skin exuviae and applying a β-keratin film on a glass surface and by (2) β-elimination based deglycosylation of β-keratins and immobilization of liberated glycans on a glass surface via silanisation. Both techniques resemble the natural model in the species investigated, the sandfish Scincus scincus and the Berber skink Eumeces schneideri. In the sandfish, a decreased friction coefficient was found by friction angle measurements, and a low adhesion force was measured by investigation with atomic force microscopy (AFM). These characteristics are possibly based by prevention of the formation of van der Waals bonds. This low adhesion force correlates with low friction and has a positive impact on abrasion resistance. A monosaccharide analysis confirmed the presence of carbohydrates.

沙鱼(Scincus Scincus)是一种具有杰出皮肤特性的蜥蜴。该鳞片具有低摩擦性能和高耐磨性。在第一部分中通过DNA和蛋白质分析为皮肤β-角蛋白糖基化的增加提供了分子支持之后，在本研究中，通过(1)基于氨的皮肤蜕皮角蛋白溶解并在玻璃表面涂上β-角蛋白膜，以及(2)基于β消除的β-角蛋白去糖基化并通过硅烷化将释放的聚糖固定在玻璃表面，来研究聚糖对摩擦减少的影响。这两种技术都类似于所研究物种的自然模型，沙鱼Scincus Scincus和柏柏尔石龙子Eumeces schneideri。通过摩擦角测量发现，沙鱼的摩擦系数减小，原子力显微镜(AFM)研究发现，沙鱼的粘附力较低。这些特性可能是基于防止形成范德华键。这种低粘附力与低摩擦相关，并对耐磨性有积极影响。单糖分析证实了碳水化合物的存在。

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引用次数: 12

Rib Design for Kirchhoff's Plate Inspired by Venation Configuration Kirchhoff板的肋骨设计灵感来自于脉状结构

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.43

Kai Xue, Yong Xin Li, Wei Wang

A new reinforcement distribution design method inspired by venation configuration is discussed in the paper. Learned from dicotyledonous venation, venation growing algorithm is proposed, minimization of strain energy and shear stress determine growth direction of the mainveins and subveins respectively. Vectorial equilibrium equation is used to calculate vein widths and adjust the orientation of vein cells slightly. Sensitivity number is used to measure the change in strain energy and shear stress when a vein cell grows, necessary equations are derived for bending Kirchhoffs plate. Several examples are design for venation-like rib distribution. The resultant rib layout by VGA is applicable and effective.

本文讨论了一种新的受脉状结构启发的配筋设计方法。借鉴双子叶脉脉的经验，提出了脉脉生长算法，以应变能最小和剪应力最小分别确定主脉和亚脉的生长方向。利用向量平衡方程计算静脉宽度，并对静脉细胞的方向进行微调。利用灵敏度数来测量静脉细胞生长过程中应变能和剪应力的变化，推导出弯曲基霍夫板的必要方程。几个例子是设计为脉状肋分布。VGA所得到的肋条布局是适用的和有效的。

引用次数: 1

Effect of γ-Radiation on Thermal and Chemical Properties of Starch/Polystyrene Biopolymer Blend γ-辐射对淀粉/聚苯乙烯生物聚合物共混物热化学性能的影响

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.71

Jaheel K. Ahmed, Zuhair J. Abdul Amer, A. Majid

In this study, the starch/polystyrene (PS) biopolymer blend is prepared by utilizing an in solution polymerization process. Two different ratios (50/50 and 80/20) of starch/PS were dissolved in toluene associated with mechanical mixing to maintain the homogeneity of the blend. Thereafter, the blend was exposed to γ-radiation using Cobalt 60 (Co60) at different dosing rates. The thermal and chemical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), enzymatic degradation, and disclosure of starch by iodine, respectively. The deviation of glass transition temperature (Tg ( and the IR peaks indicate that a good interaction between starch and polystyrene was achieved in the blend. Exposure of the starch/PS blend to the α-amylase enzyme and to iodine demonstrated that the γ-rays have affected the amylopectin part with no distinct effect on the amylose part of the starch. Moreover, the colour has completely disappeared at 100 kGray irradiation dose since the blend becomes more responsive to enzymatic degradation at higher irradiation dose, which in turn causes in breaking down of the amylose part in the starch.

本研究采用溶液聚合法制备了淀粉/聚苯乙烯(PS)生物聚合物共混物。将淀粉/PS的两种不同比例(50/50和80/20)溶解在甲苯中，并通过机械混合保持共混物的均匀性。之后，将混合物以不同剂量率暴露于钴60 (Co60)的γ辐射中。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、酶解法和碘对淀粉的揭露法研究了淀粉的热性质和化学性质。玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和红外峰的偏差表明，淀粉与聚苯乙烯在共混物中实现了良好的相互作用。α-淀粉酶和碘对淀粉/PS混合物的影响表明，γ射线对淀粉的直链淀粉部分有影响，对淀粉的直链淀粉部分无明显影响。此外，在100 kGray辐照剂量下，颜色完全消失，因为混合物在更高的辐照剂量下对酶降解反应更灵敏，这反过来导致淀粉中直链淀粉部分的分解。

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引用次数: 2

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