Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.11
F. Ghezzo, X. Miao
Lightweight, high strength fibre-reinforced polymeric composites are leading materials in many advanced applications including biomedical components. These materials offer the feasibility to incorporate multi functionalities due to their internal architecture, heterogeneity of materials and the flexibility of combining them using currently available fabrication methods. In spite of the excellent properties of these materials, their failure is still a questionable and not well predicted event. Delamination, debonding and micro-cracks are only some of the failure mechanisms that affect the matrices of polymer based composites. More complex cases exist with the combination of multiple failure mechanisms. In such cases a self-repairing mechanism that can be auto-triggered in the matrix material once the crack has been formed, would be very beneficial for all the applications of these materials, reducing maintenance costs and increasing their safety and reliability. Self-healing materials have been studied for more than a decade by now, with the specific objective of reducing the risks and costs of cracking and damage in a wide range of materials. Different approaches have been taken to create such materials, depending on the kind of material that needs to be repaired. The most popular methods developed for polymers and polymer reinforced composites are considered in this review. These methods include materials with micro-capsules containing a healing agent, and composites with matrices that can self-heal the cracks by repairing the broken molecular links upon external heating. While the first approach to healing has been widely used and studied in the past decade, in this review we focus on the second approach since less is reported in the literature and more difficult is the development of the materials based on such a method.
{"title":"Self-Healing Materials as New Biologically Inspired Materials","authors":"F. Ghezzo, X. Miao","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.11","url":null,"abstract":"Lightweight, high strength fibre-reinforced polymeric composites are leading materials in many advanced applications including biomedical components. These materials offer the feasibility to incorporate multi functionalities due to their internal architecture, heterogeneity of materials and the flexibility of combining them using currently available fabrication methods. In spite of the excellent properties of these materials, their failure is still a questionable and not well predicted event. Delamination, debonding and micro-cracks are only some of the failure mechanisms that affect the matrices of polymer based composites. More complex cases exist with the combination of multiple failure mechanisms. In such cases a self-repairing mechanism that can be auto-triggered in the matrix material once the crack has been formed, would be very beneficial for all the applications of these materials, reducing maintenance costs and increasing their safety and reliability. Self-healing materials have been studied for more than a decade by now, with the specific objective of reducing the risks and costs of cracking and damage in a wide range of materials. Different approaches have been taken to create such materials, depending on the kind of material that needs to be repaired. The most popular methods developed for polymers and polymer reinforced composites are considered in this review. These methods include materials with micro-capsules containing a healing agent, and composites with matrices that can self-heal the cracks by repairing the broken molecular links upon external heating. While the first approach to healing has been widely used and studied in the past decade, in this review we focus on the second approach since less is reported in the literature and more difficult is the development of the materials based on such a method.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"11 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88726417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.97
Hong Li, Huan Li, Wei Zhao, Wei Zhang, Jun Ji
The antimicrobial efficacy of polyethylene (PE) with organic antibacterial agent and inorganic antibacterial agent were evaluated in this work. Moreover, inhibition to bacterial biofilm on their surfaces was investigated in detail. Our experimental results showed that both modified PE samples exhibited excellent antimicrobial performances against S. aureus and E. coli with low cell suspension. When cell suspension increased up to109 cell/ml, a large amount of bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) and extracellular polysaccharide matrix adhered to the untreated PE and PE with inorganic antibacterial agent. On the other hand, adhesion, colonization and biofilm of S. aureus did not occur on PE with organic antibacterial agent, and a little E. coli survived on its surface. It was demonstrated that organic antibacterial agent had better ability to inhibit bacteria propagation than the inorganic one in initial time, and thus it prevented adherent bacteria to develop biofilm on the surface. The difference was derived from different initial effect time of them against bacteria. Therefore, it was a better approach to prevent catheter-related infections through addition of organic reagent into bulk material.
{"title":"Bacterial Biofilm Development on Polyethylene with Organic and Inorganic Reagents In Vitro","authors":"Hong Li, Huan Li, Wei Zhao, Wei Zhang, Jun Ji","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.97","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial efficacy of polyethylene (PE) with organic antibacterial agent and inorganic antibacterial agent were evaluated in this work. Moreover, inhibition to bacterial biofilm on their surfaces was investigated in detail. Our experimental results showed that both modified PE samples exhibited excellent antimicrobial performances against S. aureus and E. coli with low cell suspension. When cell suspension increased up to109 cell/ml, a large amount of bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) and extracellular polysaccharide matrix adhered to the untreated PE and PE with inorganic antibacterial agent. On the other hand, adhesion, colonization and biofilm of S. aureus did not occur on PE with organic antibacterial agent, and a little E. coli survived on its surface. It was demonstrated that organic antibacterial agent had better ability to inhibit bacteria propagation than the inorganic one in initial time, and thus it prevented adherent bacteria to develop biofilm on the surface. The difference was derived from different initial effect time of them against bacteria. Therefore, it was a better approach to prevent catheter-related infections through addition of organic reagent into bulk material.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"107 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84847922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.55
P. Gill, N. Munroe, A. McGoron
Recently, magnesium (Mg) alloys have inspired a significant amount of attention from researchers all over the world for implant applications due to their light weight, mechanical integrity and degradation behaviour. The major concerns with Mg implants are its rapid and non-uniform degradation, which can increase the risk of leached ions and can cause premature failure. In this study, Mg based alloys/metal matrix composites (MgZnCa/HA) were mechanically and electrochemically (anodized) surface treated. In-vitro corrosion tests revealed that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and anodizing, stabilizes the corrosion process and lowers hydrogen evolution. Evidence of reduced degradation was provided by the presence of a relatively smooth surface morphology after corrosion. Furthermore, exposure of leached ions on osteoblast cells indicated good cytocompatibility.
{"title":"Characterization and Degradation Behaviour of Anodized Magnesium-Hydroxyapatite Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"P. Gill, N. Munroe, A. McGoron","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.55","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, magnesium (Mg) alloys have inspired a significant amount of attention from researchers all over the world for implant applications due to their light weight, mechanical integrity and degradation behaviour. The major concerns with Mg implants are its rapid and non-uniform degradation, which can increase the risk of leached ions and can cause premature failure. In this study, Mg based alloys/metal matrix composites (MgZnCa/HA) were mechanically and electrochemically (anodized) surface treated. In-vitro corrosion tests revealed that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and anodizing, stabilizes the corrosion process and lowers hydrogen evolution. Evidence of reduced degradation was provided by the presence of a relatively smooth surface morphology after corrosion. Furthermore, exposure of leached ions on osteoblast cells indicated good cytocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"55 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90211436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.83
A. H. Chan, Noel Young, G. Tran, B. Miles, A. Ruys, P. Boughton
Knee meniscal injuries account for the greatest number of surgical procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. Each year in excess of 400,000 operations are performed in Europe and over one million in the United States and yet no suitable replacement for the meniscus is available. Fibrocartilage tissue engineering holds great potential in the regeneration of meniscal tissue however current developments have been limited. Difficulties in imitating the anisotropic nature of the meniscus, patient specific geometry, attaining sterility assurance requirements remain as developmental challenges for meniscal scaffold devices. A novel approach was developed to rapidly form terminally sterilized pre-packaged scaffold templates into anatomically matched regenerative meniscal implants. Formed meniscal implants exhibited the structural and functional architecture of the native meniscus. Meniscal implants fabricated using this method displayed mechanical properties approaching to that of the native meniscus and imparted rotational stability. Fixation techniques influenced the biomechanical response of implants and 45S5 bioactive glass modification was found to enhance radio-opacity of the scaffold. Biocompatibility of the implant was confirmed using a fibroblast cell culture model.
{"title":"A Novel Patient-Specific Regenerative Meniscal Replacement System","authors":"A. H. Chan, Noel Young, G. Tran, B. Miles, A. Ruys, P. Boughton","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.16.83","url":null,"abstract":"Knee meniscal injuries account for the greatest number of surgical procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. Each year in excess of 400,000 operations are performed in Europe and over one million in the United States and yet no suitable replacement for the meniscus is available. Fibrocartilage tissue engineering holds great potential in the regeneration of meniscal tissue however current developments have been limited. Difficulties in imitating the anisotropic nature of the meniscus, patient specific geometry, attaining sterility assurance requirements remain as developmental challenges for meniscal scaffold devices. A novel approach was developed to rapidly form terminally sterilized pre-packaged scaffold templates into anatomically matched regenerative meniscal implants. Formed meniscal implants exhibited the structural and functional architecture of the native meniscus. Meniscal implants fabricated using this method displayed mechanical properties approaching to that of the native meniscus and imparted rotational stability. Fixation techniques influenced the biomechanical response of implants and 45S5 bioactive glass modification was found to enhance radio-opacity of the scaffold. Biocompatibility of the implant was confirmed using a fibroblast cell culture model.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"83 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85347301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.23
Kazi Rizwana Mehzabeen, A. Sureshkumar, Arun Thangavel, Bevan J. Chong, M. Guazzato, A. Ruys, P. Boughton
A Novel Six-Chamber Biomimetic Dental Wear System with Multi-Axis Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, and Biologic Control Capabilities Was Developed for in Vitro Dental Wear Testing. User and Mechanical Requirements Were Ascertained from the Ivoclar Wear Method as a Part of Review of Existing Dental Wear Systems. A Thermocyling Irrigation System with Water Medium Was Incorporated to Mimic the Physiologic Temperature Variation of the Oral Environment. Configuration Details of the Design Were Explained. the Outcome of the Development Was Specified and Application Potentials Were Discussed.
{"title":"Development of a Novel Biomimetic Dental Wear System","authors":"Kazi Rizwana Mehzabeen, A. Sureshkumar, Arun Thangavel, Bevan J. Chong, M. Guazzato, A. Ruys, P. Boughton","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.23","url":null,"abstract":"A Novel Six-Chamber Biomimetic Dental Wear System with Multi-Axis Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, and Biologic Control Capabilities Was Developed for in Vitro Dental Wear Testing. User and Mechanical Requirements Were Ascertained from the Ivoclar Wear Method as a Part of Review of Existing Dental Wear Systems. A Thermocyling Irrigation System with Water Medium Was Incorporated to Mimic the Physiologic Temperature Variation of the Oral Environment. Configuration Details of the Design Were Explained. the Outcome of the Development Was Specified and Application Potentials Were Discussed.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"23 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89681429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.55
B. Chow, A. Baume, P. Lok, Jake D. Cao, N. Coleman, A. Ruys, P. Boughton
Thick Section 3D Bioresorbable Scaffolds Are Proposed as a Potential Alternative to Biologic Skin Grafts and Supportive Fillers for Non-Healing Chronic Wound Ulcers. Synthetic Bioresorbable Scaffolds Avoid Human and Animal Derived Contamination Risks, Provide Feasible Shelf Life, Availability and Cost, and Act as a Consistent Platform for Localized Drug Elution. A Bioresorbable Polyester-Based Scaffold (Infilon™) Was Investigated as a Drug Delivery Vehicle for Chloramphenicol Antibiotic (CAP) Combined with a Bioactive Envelope. the Effect of Varying Envelope Protocols on Antibiotic Elution Profile and Antimicrobial Potency on Scaffolds Were Analysed. the Maximum Antibiotic Loading Efficiency of the Scaffold Was 10.18% W/w. the Antibiotic Elution Profile Showed that the Burst Phase Lasted One Hour Subsequent to a Sustained Phase Approaching near Asymptotic Release. Envelope Permutations of Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) and Bioglass 45S5 Reduced the Total Amount of Antibiotic Released by 1 to 1.8 Mg while the Polyethylene Oxide Envelope Extended the Burst Phase to 2 Hours. CAP Loaded Scaffolds Demonstrated Antimicrobial Effectiveness for 24 Hours. Results Show Potential for the Infilon™ Scaffold to Be Used as a Platform for Localized Antibiotic Delivery. Delivery Profiles Can Be Enhanced with Additional BMG or Bioglass Envelopes. this Approach Has Opportunity to Provide a Synergistic Coupling of Antimicrobial Action and the Harbouring of Granular Tissue Subsequent to Final Wound Healing.
{"title":"Development of 3D Antibiotic-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffold with Attenuating Envelopes","authors":"B. Chow, A. Baume, P. Lok, Jake D. Cao, N. Coleman, A. Ruys, P. Boughton","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.55","url":null,"abstract":"Thick Section 3D Bioresorbable Scaffolds Are Proposed as a Potential Alternative to Biologic Skin Grafts and Supportive Fillers for Non-Healing Chronic Wound Ulcers. Synthetic Bioresorbable Scaffolds Avoid Human and Animal Derived Contamination Risks, Provide Feasible Shelf Life, Availability and Cost, and Act as a Consistent Platform for Localized Drug Elution. A Bioresorbable Polyester-Based Scaffold (Infilon™) Was Investigated as a Drug Delivery Vehicle for Chloramphenicol Antibiotic (CAP) Combined with a Bioactive Envelope. the Effect of Varying Envelope Protocols on Antibiotic Elution Profile and Antimicrobial Potency on Scaffolds Were Analysed. the Maximum Antibiotic Loading Efficiency of the Scaffold Was 10.18% W/w. the Antibiotic Elution Profile Showed that the Burst Phase Lasted One Hour Subsequent to a Sustained Phase Approaching near Asymptotic Release. Envelope Permutations of Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) and Bioglass 45S5 Reduced the Total Amount of Antibiotic Released by 1 to 1.8 Mg while the Polyethylene Oxide Envelope Extended the Burst Phase to 2 Hours. CAP Loaded Scaffolds Demonstrated Antimicrobial Effectiveness for 24 Hours. Results Show Potential for the Infilon™ Scaffold to Be Used as a Platform for Localized Antibiotic Delivery. Delivery Profiles Can Be Enhanced with Additional BMG or Bioglass Envelopes. this Approach Has Opportunity to Provide a Synergistic Coupling of Antimicrobial Action and the Harbouring of Granular Tissue Subsequent to Final Wound Healing.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"141 1","pages":"55 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75580496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.37
F. Hosseinnejad, A. I. Imani Fooladi, F. Hafezi, S. M. Mafi, Afsaneh Amiri, M. Nourani
In this Study, a New Zealand Rabbit Parietal Bone Was Cross-Sectioned, and Parameters such as Entire Thickness and the Thicknesses of the Compact and Spongy Tables Were Morphometrically Measured by Imagej Software. the Pore Size of the Cancellous Table Was Also Analysed, and a Calvarial Bone Model Was Created. Based upon a Natural Model for Bone Repair, a Nano-Structured Scaffold Was Designed Using Bioglass and Gelatin (BG) as its Main Components. the Scaffold Was Prepared Using Layer Solvent Casting Combined with Freeze-Drying, Layering Techniques, and other Commonly Used Techniques. the Fabricated BG Scaffolds Were Made with Different Percentages of Nanoparticles, and the 10% and 30% Constructions Were Found to Be Respectively Similar to Compact and Spongy Bone. we Fabricated Three Lamellar Scaffolds with Two Compact Layers on the outside and One Spongy Layer in the Middle to Mimic the Composition and Structure of Natural Bone. the Chemical, Physical, and Biological Tests (including Cell Seeding on Scaffold and MTT Assay) that Evaluated this Scaffold Examined its Capacity to Promote Bone Repair. Fabricated Scaffolds Implanted in Rabbit Calvaria and Evaluated the Bone Repair by X-Ray. this Mimetic BG Scaffold Could Be an Excellent Candidate for a Synthetic Calvarial Bone Graft.
{"title":"Modelling and Tissue Engineering of Three Layers of Calvarial Bone as a Biomimetic Scaffold","authors":"F. Hosseinnejad, A. I. Imani Fooladi, F. Hafezi, S. M. Mafi, Afsaneh Amiri, M. Nourani","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.37","url":null,"abstract":"In this Study, a New Zealand Rabbit Parietal Bone Was Cross-Sectioned, and Parameters such as Entire Thickness and the Thicknesses of the Compact and Spongy Tables Were Morphometrically Measured by Imagej Software. the Pore Size of the Cancellous Table Was Also Analysed, and a Calvarial Bone Model Was Created. Based upon a Natural Model for Bone Repair, a Nano-Structured Scaffold Was Designed Using Bioglass and Gelatin (BG) as its Main Components. the Scaffold Was Prepared Using Layer Solvent Casting Combined with Freeze-Drying, Layering Techniques, and other Commonly Used Techniques. the Fabricated BG Scaffolds Were Made with Different Percentages of Nanoparticles, and the 10% and 30% Constructions Were Found to Be Respectively Similar to Compact and Spongy Bone. we Fabricated Three Lamellar Scaffolds with Two Compact Layers on the outside and One Spongy Layer in the Middle to Mimic the Composition and Structure of Natural Bone. the Chemical, Physical, and Biological Tests (including Cell Seeding on Scaffold and MTT Assay) that Evaluated this Scaffold Examined its Capacity to Promote Bone Repair. Fabricated Scaffolds Implanted in Rabbit Calvaria and Evaluated the Bone Repair by X-Ray. this Mimetic BG Scaffold Could Be an Excellent Candidate for a Synthetic Calvarial Bone Graft.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"37 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74563333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.73
N. Ehsani, A. Ruys, C. Sorrell
Fracture Toughness Improvement of the Hydroxyapatite Matrix Composite, to a Level Comparable to that of Natural Bone for in Vivo Applications, Was the Aim of the Present Work. Hot Isostatic Press Using a Graphite/stainless Steel Encapsulation System Enabled the Production of Fully Dense Decomposition-Free Hap with Toughness Improvements of: 2.4 Times (Al2O3 Fibres, Optimally 20 Vol%). Glass Encapsulation of Fibre-Reinforced Hap Resulted in Aeration from Sample Volatilization. Further, it Was Found that the Hap Decomposition Temperature Was Higher at 100 Mpa (the Hiping Pressure) than for Pressureless Sintering. the Toughening Effect of the Al2o3 Fibre Additive Induced Plastic Deformation and Ductile Fracture.
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite Matrix Composites by Hot Isostatic Pressing: Part 1. Alumina Fibre Reinforced","authors":"N. Ehsani, A. Ruys, C. Sorrell","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.73","url":null,"abstract":"Fracture Toughness Improvement of the Hydroxyapatite Matrix Composite, to a Level Comparable to that of Natural Bone for in Vivo Applications, Was the Aim of the Present Work. Hot Isostatic Press Using a Graphite/stainless Steel Encapsulation System Enabled the Production of Fully Dense Decomposition-Free Hap with Toughness Improvements of: 2.4 Times (Al2O3 Fibres, Optimally 20 Vol%). Glass Encapsulation of Fibre-Reinforced Hap Resulted in Aeration from Sample Volatilization. Further, it Was Found that the Hap Decomposition Temperature Was Higher at 100 Mpa (the Hiping Pressure) than for Pressureless Sintering. the Toughening Effect of the Al2o3 Fibre Additive Induced Plastic Deformation and Ductile Fracture.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"73 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82833319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.85
N. Ehsani, C. Sorrell, A. Ruys
The Aim of the Project Was to Enhance the Fracture Toughness of Hydroxyapatite to a Level Comparable to that of Natural Bone for in Vivo Applications. to this Aim, the Effect of Various Parameters, Were Studied. Fully Dense Decomposition-Free Hap Matrix Composite Was Produced Using Hot Isostatic Pressing Technique. A Graphite/stainless Steel Encapsulation System Was Found to Be an Appropriate Method. Glass Encapsulation Was Unsuccessful Technique due to the Excessive Low-Temperature Volatilisation, which Aerated the Glass. Toughness Improvement Was 2.7 Times for PSZ Fibres, and 2.4 Times for PSZ Powder. the Optimal Addition Level of PSZ Fibre and PSZ Powder Was 20 Vol% and ~30 Vol% Respectively. Further, it Was Found that the Hap Decomposition Temperature Was Higher at 100 Mpa (the Hiping Pressure) than for Pressureless Sintering. the Toughening Effect of the Additives Induced Plastic Deformation and Ductile Fracture.
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite Matrix Composites by Hot Isostatic Pressing: Part 2. Zirconia Fibre and Powder Reinforced","authors":"N. Ehsani, C. Sorrell, A. Ruys","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.85","url":null,"abstract":"The Aim of the Project Was to Enhance the Fracture Toughness of Hydroxyapatite to a Level Comparable to that of Natural Bone for in Vivo Applications. to this Aim, the Effect of Various Parameters, Were Studied. Fully Dense Decomposition-Free Hap Matrix Composite Was Produced Using Hot Isostatic Pressing Technique. A Graphite/stainless Steel Encapsulation System Was Found to Be an Appropriate Method. Glass Encapsulation Was Unsuccessful Technique due to the Excessive Low-Temperature Volatilisation, which Aerated the Glass. Toughness Improvement Was 2.7 Times for PSZ Fibres, and 2.4 Times for PSZ Powder. the Optimal Addition Level of PSZ Fibre and PSZ Powder Was 20 Vol% and ~30 Vol% Respectively. Further, it Was Found that the Hap Decomposition Temperature Was Higher at 100 Mpa (the Hiping Pressure) than for Pressureless Sintering. the Toughening Effect of the Additives Induced Plastic Deformation and Ductile Fracture.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"100 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87231889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.17
Q. Hao, W. Shen, J. B. Ma, J. Li, X. Ren, Y. Gu
The Purpose of this Study Is to Establish Models of the First to the Fifth Ray of the Skeletal Plantar Arch and to Analyse the Model Application in Kinematics. Foot Models Are Built through CT Scan, then Inverse Model Recreation. we Calculated the Metatarsal Angles and Horizontal Metatarsal Angles Using Motion Analysis System. the First to the Fifth Metatarsal Angle and Horizontal Metatarsal Angle Are both Different. the same Trend Happened in the Lateral and Medial Metatarsal Angles. these Results, Especially the Middle Part Angle Relationship Can Be Further Used for Analysis of Foot Mechanics during Walking or other Activities.
{"title":"Kinematics Analysis of Foot Metatarsals Skeletal Rays through Inverse Modelling","authors":"Q. Hao, W. Shen, J. B. Ma, J. Li, X. Ren, Y. Gu","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Purpose of this Study Is to Establish Models of the First to the Fifth Ray of the Skeletal Plantar Arch and to Analyse the Model Application in Kinematics. Foot Models Are Built through CT Scan, then Inverse Model Recreation. we Calculated the Metatarsal Angles and Horizontal Metatarsal Angles Using Motion Analysis System. the First to the Fifth Metatarsal Angle and Horizontal Metatarsal Angle Are both Different. the same Trend Happened in the Lateral and Medial Metatarsal Angles. these Results, Especially the Middle Part Angle Relationship Can Be Further Used for Analysis of Foot Mechanics during Walking or other Activities.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83899793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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