High-temperature polymer membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are considered as the trend of PEMFC future development due to their accelerated electrochemical reaction kinetics, simplified water/thermal management, and improved tolerance to impurities (CO). As the core part of membrane electrode assembly in HT-PEMFC, the catalyst layer significantly affects the cost, performance, and lifetime of HT-PEMFC. However, due to the high temperature and acid environment in HT-PEMFC, platinum (Pt) catalyst degradation and carbon corrosion are accelerated. Moreover, the loss of phosphoric acid (PA) which serves as the proton conductor is observed after long-term operation. In addition, the adsorption of phosphate on Pt surface leads to the poor Pt utilization. Thus, high cost and fast performance decay must be addressed for the commercialization of HT-PEMFC. Optimizing the composition and structure of catalyst layer are demonstrated as effective strategies to resolve the problems. In this review, we first summarize the latest progress in the optimization of catalyst layer composition for HT-PEMFC, including catalysts, binders, electrolyte (PA), and additives. Thereafter, the structural characteristics of catalyst layer are introduced and the optimization strategies are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and research perspectives of catalyst layer in HT-PEMFC are discussed.
{"title":"Optimization on composition and structure of catalyst layer for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells","authors":"Meihui Tan, Huiyuan Liu, Huaneng Su, Weiqi Zhang","doi":"10.1115/1.4056990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056990","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High-temperature polymer membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are considered as the trend of PEMFC future development due to their accelerated electrochemical reaction kinetics, simplified water/thermal management, and improved tolerance to impurities (CO). As the core part of membrane electrode assembly in HT-PEMFC, the catalyst layer significantly affects the cost, performance, and lifetime of HT-PEMFC. However, due to the high temperature and acid environment in HT-PEMFC, platinum (Pt) catalyst degradation and carbon corrosion are accelerated. Moreover, the loss of phosphoric acid (PA) which serves as the proton conductor is observed after long-term operation. In addition, the adsorption of phosphate on Pt surface leads to the poor Pt utilization. Thus, high cost and fast performance decay must be addressed for the commercialization of HT-PEMFC. Optimizing the composition and structure of catalyst layer are demonstrated as effective strategies to resolve the problems. In this review, we first summarize the latest progress in the optimization of catalyst layer composition for HT-PEMFC, including catalysts, binders, electrolyte (PA), and additives. Thereafter, the structural characteristics of catalyst layer are introduced and the optimization strategies are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and research perspectives of catalyst layer in HT-PEMFC are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a grouping equalization circuit based on the Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) circuit is proposed, which can transfer energy between any single cell or grouped cells. Compared with the traditional equalization circuits that transfer energy between adjacent cells, the SEPIC circuit can directly connect any two batteries that need to be equalized; the number of circuit equalization paths is calculated based on a directed graph, then used as a basis for grouping the batteries to improve the equalization efficiency. In the charging or discharging condition, the amount of charge remaining in the battery to be charged or discharged is used as the control variable for equalization, and intra-group equalization is completed before inter-group equalization starts. To ensure the equalization efficiency of the battery, the equalization current is controlled by fuzzy logic control (FLC). Taking 10 single cells as an example based on the calculation of the number of equalization paths, two 5-cell groups can be confirmed as the optimal solution. Experiments were performed on Matlab/Simulink simulation platform, and the results show that compared with the traditional adjacent inductance equalization circuit, the equalization circuit proposed above reduces the time needed for equalization by 35.8%; Compared with the traditional average difference method, in charging and discharging conditions, the FLC algorithm saves times by 20.5% and 31.3% respectively, and energy loss is reduced by 9.1% and 5.5% respectively, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme.
{"title":"Fuzzy logic control-based charge/discharge equalization method for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Tiezhou Wu, Feng Xu, Si Xu, Shu Sun","doi":"10.1115/1.4056989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056989","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, a grouping equalization circuit based on the Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) circuit is proposed, which can transfer energy between any single cell or grouped cells. Compared with the traditional equalization circuits that transfer energy between adjacent cells, the SEPIC circuit can directly connect any two batteries that need to be equalized; the number of circuit equalization paths is calculated based on a directed graph, then used as a basis for grouping the batteries to improve the equalization efficiency. In the charging or discharging condition, the amount of charge remaining in the battery to be charged or discharged is used as the control variable for equalization, and intra-group equalization is completed before inter-group equalization starts. To ensure the equalization efficiency of the battery, the equalization current is controlled by fuzzy logic control (FLC). Taking 10 single cells as an example based on the calculation of the number of equalization paths, two 5-cell groups can be confirmed as the optimal solution. Experiments were performed on Matlab/Simulink simulation platform, and the results show that compared with the traditional adjacent inductance equalization circuit, the equalization circuit proposed above reduces the time needed for equalization by 35.8%; Compared with the traditional average difference method, in charging and discharging conditions, the FLC algorithm saves times by 20.5% and 31.3% respectively, and energy loss is reduced by 9.1% and 5.5% respectively, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47313242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zaidi, Shusil Sigdel, C. Sorensen, Gibum Kwon, Xiangling Li
This study reports the superior performance of graphene nanosheet (GNS) materials over Vulcan XC72 incorporated as cathode catalyst in Li-O2 battery. The GNSs employed were synthesized from a novel, eco-friendly and cost-effective technique involving chamber detonation of oxygen and acetylene precursors. Two GNS catalysts i.e., GNS-1 and GNS-2 fabricated with 0.3 and 0.5 O/C precursor molar ratios, respectively, were utilized. Specific surface area (SSA) analysis revealed significantly higher SSA and total pore volume for GNS-1 (180 m2 g−1, 0.505 cm3 g−1) as compared with GNS-2 (19 m2 g−1, 0.041 cm3 g−1). GNS-1 exhibited the highest discharge capacity (4.37 Ah g−1) and superior cycling stability compared with GNS-2 and Vulcan XC72. Moreover, GNS-1 showed promising performance at higher current densities (0.2 and 0.3 mA cm−2) and with various organic electrolytes. The superior performance of GNS-1 can be ascribed to its higher mesopore volume, SSA and optimum wettability compared to its counterparts.
{"title":"Incorporation of Novel Graphene Nanosheet Materials as Cathode Catalysts in Li-O2 Battery","authors":"S. Zaidi, Shusil Sigdel, C. Sorensen, Gibum Kwon, Xiangling Li","doi":"10.1115/1.4056937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056937","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study reports the superior performance of graphene nanosheet (GNS) materials over Vulcan XC72 incorporated as cathode catalyst in Li-O2 battery. The GNSs employed were synthesized from a novel, eco-friendly and cost-effective technique involving chamber detonation of oxygen and acetylene precursors. Two GNS catalysts i.e., GNS-1 and GNS-2 fabricated with 0.3 and 0.5 O/C precursor molar ratios, respectively, were utilized. Specific surface area (SSA) analysis revealed significantly higher SSA and total pore volume for GNS-1 (180 m2 g−1, 0.505 cm3 g−1) as compared with GNS-2 (19 m2 g−1, 0.041 cm3 g−1). GNS-1 exhibited the highest discharge capacity (4.37 Ah g−1) and superior cycling stability compared with GNS-2 and Vulcan XC72. Moreover, GNS-1 showed promising performance at higher current densities (0.2 and 0.3 mA cm−2) and with various organic electrolytes. The superior performance of GNS-1 can be ascribed to its higher mesopore volume, SSA and optimum wettability compared to its counterparts.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To understand the dynamic failure mechanisms of cylindrical lithium-ion battery (LIB) under different impact loadings, the crushing behaviors of the 18650 LIBs were experimentally investigated in this work. The drop weight impact tests with different impactor heads were conducted to analyze the crushing responses of the LIBs. By changing the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, impactor types and impact energy, the force-electric responses of a LIB under multiple impacts were explored. Macro- and micro- deformation of the batteries were further exployed including SOC dependency and the failure modes of the separator. Results show that except for impact energy, the mechanical responses and failure behaviors of the LIBs under the repeated impacts also depended upon the SOC and impactor shapes. The relationship between impact velocity and minimum impact times was established when a hard internal short circuit (ISC) appeared to evaluate the dynamic safety of the LIBs. These results can provide guidance for the crashworthiness design and safety assessment of the batteries under multiple impacts.
{"title":"Dynamic Crushing Behaviors of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Under Multiple Impacts: An Experimental Study","authors":"Xin-chun Zhang, Nan-nan Liu, Sijie Dong, Zhang Tao, Xiaodi Yin, T. Ci, Hexiang Wu","doi":"10.1115/1.4056885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056885","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To understand the dynamic failure mechanisms of cylindrical lithium-ion battery (LIB) under different impact loadings, the crushing behaviors of the 18650 LIBs were experimentally investigated in this work. The drop weight impact tests with different impactor heads were conducted to analyze the crushing responses of the LIBs. By changing the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, impactor types and impact energy, the force-electric responses of a LIB under multiple impacts were explored. Macro- and micro- deformation of the batteries were further exployed including SOC dependency and the failure modes of the separator. Results show that except for impact energy, the mechanical responses and failure behaviors of the LIBs under the repeated impacts also depended upon the SOC and impactor shapes. The relationship between impact velocity and minimum impact times was established when a hard internal short circuit (ISC) appeared to evaluate the dynamic safety of the LIBs. These results can provide guidance for the crashworthiness design and safety assessment of the batteries under multiple impacts.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63503866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanically stable, proton conducting, and very cost-effective nanocomposite membrane was synthesized successfully using simple and scalable phase-inversion approach. Phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and zirconium phosphate (ZRP) were synthesized using sol-gel and co-precipitation method respectively. PWA-ZrP nanoparticles showed remarkable compatibility with cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (c-PVA) and thus forming uniform and defect-free composite membrane of thickness ~100-120 micron. Doped PWA-ZRP nanoparticles into c-PVA membrane led to introduced bronsted acidic sites and thereby, drastic improvement in proton conductivity of membrane was observed. Composite membrane revealed excellent water-holding capabilities with proton conductivity of 5.2 x10−5 Scm−1 under fully hydrated conditions (i.e. 98% relative humidity). The synthesized proton conducting nanocomposite membrane demonstrated as a potential advanced functional solid electrolyte for possible application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).
{"title":"Synthesis of Proton Conducting and Highly Stable PWA-ZRP Doped Composite Membrane for PEM Fuel Cell","authors":"Jay Pandey, M. Seepana","doi":"10.1115/1.4056710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056710","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mechanically stable, proton conducting, and very cost-effective nanocomposite membrane was synthesized successfully using simple and scalable phase-inversion approach. Phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and zirconium phosphate (ZRP) were synthesized using sol-gel and co-precipitation method respectively. PWA-ZrP nanoparticles showed remarkable compatibility with cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (c-PVA) and thus forming uniform and defect-free composite membrane of thickness ~100-120 micron. Doped PWA-ZRP nanoparticles into c-PVA membrane led to introduced bronsted acidic sites and thereby, drastic improvement in proton conductivity of membrane was observed. Composite membrane revealed excellent water-holding capabilities with proton conductivity of 5.2 x10−5 Scm−1 under fully hydrated conditions (i.e. 98% relative humidity). The synthesized proton conducting nanocomposite membrane demonstrated as a potential advanced functional solid electrolyte for possible application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roslinda Fauzi, R. Daik, Basirah Fauzi, S. N. L. Mamauod
Ionic Liquids (ILs) that are used in the market nowadays have high complexity of processing, high viscosity and high toxicity in comparison to deep eutectic solvent (DES). Deep eutectic solvent is typically used in thermal energy storage, separation and extraction process or electrochemistry field. This study focuses on determining the physicochemical properties of DES, which are thermal conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension. Deep Eutectic Solvent was prepared by mixing hydrogen bond donor (HBD) compounds (ethylene glycol) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) compounds (N,N-Diethylethanolammonium chloride) at different molar compositions. The data shows that the molar ratio HBA:HBD of 1:2 resulted in optimized values of thermal conductivity (0.218 W/mK), low viscosity (38.1 cP) and high surface tension (54 mN/m). Most notably, DES is capable of sustaining in a liquid phase at ambient condition (25°C) for more than 30 days. FTIR spectrum did not indicate any presence of a new peak. This established that only delocalization of ions occurred, and hence chemical transformations did not take place during mixing. The data obtained showed that the new synthesized solvent (DES) possess better result than the ILs. Therefore, DES can be proposed to replace the dependency to ILs.
{"title":"Physicochemical Properties of N,N-Diethylethanolammonium Chloride/Ethylene Glycol based DES for Replacement of Ionic Liquid","authors":"Roslinda Fauzi, R. Daik, Basirah Fauzi, S. N. L. Mamauod","doi":"10.1115/1.4056638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056638","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ionic Liquids (ILs) that are used in the market nowadays have high complexity of processing, high viscosity and high toxicity in comparison to deep eutectic solvent (DES). Deep eutectic solvent is typically used in thermal energy storage, separation and extraction process or electrochemistry field. This study focuses on determining the physicochemical properties of DES, which are thermal conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension. Deep Eutectic Solvent was prepared by mixing hydrogen bond donor (HBD) compounds (ethylene glycol) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) compounds (N,N-Diethylethanolammonium chloride) at different molar compositions. The data shows that the molar ratio HBA:HBD of 1:2 resulted in optimized values of thermal conductivity (0.218 W/mK), low viscosity (38.1 cP) and high surface tension (54 mN/m). Most notably, DES is capable of sustaining in a liquid phase at ambient condition (25°C) for more than 30 days. FTIR spectrum did not indicate any presence of a new peak. This established that only delocalization of ions occurred, and hence chemical transformations did not take place during mixing. The data obtained showed that the new synthesized solvent (DES) possess better result than the ILs. Therefore, DES can be proposed to replace the dependency to ILs.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44088274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional particle filtering has a large estimation error in the state of charge and Lithium-ion battery health of electric Vehicle lithium batteries. For the above problems, the lithium battery second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established, and then the model parameters are identified using the multi-innovation least square algorithm (MILS). Finally, Iterative unscented Kalman particle filtering algorithm with fused Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoothing Structure (RTS-IUPF) applied to Li-ion battery SOC and SOH joint estimation is proposed. The algorithm is based on the identification of battery parameters, the controller reads the sensor data and predicts the state results. RTS smoothing structure can do posterior estimation, and a significant probability density function is generated to select the optimal particle, and unscented Kalman algorithm regularized particles. The algorithm reduces the effect of the process noise covariance matrix and the measured noise covariance matrix on the filter accuracy and response time in traditional unselected Kalman filters. The algorithm proposed in the paper improves particle degradation and increases the estimation accuracy. Finally, the RTS-IUPF algorithm performs simulation analysis in Pulse current discharge condition and dynamic current condition (NEDC) respectively. The pulse current experimental results show that the mean absolute value error of UKF and PF (Number of particles N is 300) are 1.26% and 1.24%, respectively, while the error of the RTS-IUPF is 0.748%. The RMSE of the RTS-IUPF is reduced by 66.5% and 77.8% compared with UKF and PF. Furthermore, The error of joint estimation using this algorithm is smaller than that of single estimation. The RMSE of the RTS-IUPF Joint is reduced by 27.4% compared with RTS-IUPF. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm for the joint estimation of SOC and SOH of lithium batteries were verified.
{"title":"SOC and SOH Joint Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Iterative Unscented Kalman Particle Filtering Algorithm with Fused Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoothing Structure","authors":"Jie Wu, Huigang Xu, Peiyi Zhu","doi":"10.1115/1.4056557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056557","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traditional particle filtering has a large estimation error in the state of charge and Lithium-ion battery health of electric Vehicle lithium batteries. For the above problems, the lithium battery second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established, and then the model parameters are identified using the multi-innovation least square algorithm (MILS). Finally, Iterative unscented Kalman particle filtering algorithm with fused Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoothing Structure (RTS-IUPF) applied to Li-ion battery SOC and SOH joint estimation is proposed. The algorithm is based on the identification of battery parameters, the controller reads the sensor data and predicts the state results. RTS smoothing structure can do posterior estimation, and a significant probability density function is generated to select the optimal particle, and unscented Kalman algorithm regularized particles. The algorithm reduces the effect of the process noise covariance matrix and the measured noise covariance matrix on the filter accuracy and response time in traditional unselected Kalman filters. The algorithm proposed in the paper improves particle degradation and increases the estimation accuracy. Finally, the RTS-IUPF algorithm performs simulation analysis in Pulse current discharge condition and dynamic current condition (NEDC) respectively. The pulse current experimental results show that the mean absolute value error of UKF and PF (Number of particles N is 300) are 1.26% and 1.24%, respectively, while the error of the RTS-IUPF is 0.748%. The RMSE of the RTS-IUPF is reduced by 66.5% and 77.8% compared with UKF and PF. Furthermore, The error of joint estimation using this algorithm is smaller than that of single estimation. The RMSE of the RTS-IUPF Joint is reduced by 27.4% compared with RTS-IUPF. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm for the joint estimation of SOC and SOH of lithium batteries were verified.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitigating the massive emissions of greenhouse gases is one of the main measures taken to resolve the current growing climate problems. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to economically valuable chemical fuels has attracted the intensive attention of scholars. This review provides an overview of the application of conductive diamond in electrocatalytic reduction and outlines the improvement of electrochemical properties by employing metal particles to modify the surface. Meanwhile, the carbon-based electrode materials represented by glassy carbon and diamond-like carbon also have broad research value. Emphasis is placed on the electrochemical properties of boron-doped, transition metal modification and co-doped diamond film electrodes with appropriate extensions respectively. The carbon-chain compounds produced by the reduction reaction are also briefly described, which mainly focus on formic acid and ethanol. In addition, the development directions of electrochemical reduction technology are prospected.
{"title":"Analysis on electrochemical CO2 reduction by diamond doping technology","authors":"Xiangyong Zeng, Yang Zhao, Naichao Chen, Ping He","doi":"10.1115/1.4056556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056556","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mitigating the massive emissions of greenhouse gases is one of the main measures taken to resolve the current growing climate problems. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to economically valuable chemical fuels has attracted the intensive attention of scholars. This review provides an overview of the application of conductive diamond in electrocatalytic reduction and outlines the improvement of electrochemical properties by employing metal particles to modify the surface. Meanwhile, the carbon-based electrode materials represented by glassy carbon and diamond-like carbon also have broad research value. Emphasis is placed on the electrochemical properties of boron-doped, transition metal modification and co-doped diamond film electrodes with appropriate extensions respectively. The carbon-chain compounds produced by the reduction reaction are also briefly described, which mainly focus on formic acid and ethanol. In addition, the development directions of electrochemical reduction technology are prospected.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Arumugam, S. Kandasamy, Tamilselvan Kumaravel Subramaniam
An optimized electrode is the main requirement for energy based applications such as supercapacitor. In this work, ternary composite made up of graphene oxide (GO), polyaniline (PANI) and zinc oxide (ZnO), as an electrode material for supercapacitor was discussed with its structural and electrochemical properties. To attain this, (i) modified hummers' method (ii) in-situ polymerization method and (iii) hydrothermal method were employed. Synergistic effects between these materials provided efficient electrode materials with porous structure and high specific capacitance. The electrochemical properties of the samples were analysed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The ternary composite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 278 F g−1 at 1 A g−1.
优化的电极是诸如超级电容器之类的基于能量的应用的主要要求。本文讨论了由氧化石墨烯（GO）、聚苯胺（PANI）和氧化锌（ZnO）组成的三元复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料的结构和电化学性能。为了实现这一点，采用了（i）改良的鹰嘴豆泥法（ii）原位聚合法和（iii）水热法。这些材料之间的协同效应提供了具有多孔结构和高比电容的高效电极材料。通过循环伏安法、恒电流充电和放电测量以及在6M KOH电解质中的电化学阻抗谱分析了样品的电化学性质。三元复合材料在1 A g−1时表现出278 F g−1的最高比电容。
{"title":"Enhancement of the Carbon Content and Electrochemical Performance by Decorating Zinc Oxide over Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Composite","authors":"C. Arumugam, S. Kandasamy, Tamilselvan Kumaravel Subramaniam","doi":"10.1115/1.4056531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056531","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An optimized electrode is the main requirement for energy based applications such as supercapacitor. In this work, ternary composite made up of graphene oxide (GO), polyaniline (PANI) and zinc oxide (ZnO), as an electrode material for supercapacitor was discussed with its structural and electrochemical properties. To attain this, (i) modified hummers' method (ii) in-situ polymerization method and (iii) hydrothermal method were employed. Synergistic effects between these materials provided efficient electrode materials with porous structure and high specific capacitance. The electrochemical properties of the samples were analysed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The ternary composite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 278 F g−1 at 1 A g−1.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanhua He, Liheng Zhang, Di Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Yi Liu
Safety issue concerning the “thermal runaway behavior” of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a major concern of users. In this paper, the thermal runaway (TR) behaviors at different ambient pressures were studied. The thermal runaway onset time (t1) occured in advance as the ambient pressure decreased from 90 kPa to 50 kPa (90 kPa, 80 kPa, 70 kPa, 60 kPa, and 50 kPa). At 50 kPa, thermal runaway onset time of LIBs was 177 seconds earlier than that at 90 kPa. The values of heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), battery peak surface temperature and peak flue gas temperature declined with the decreasing ambient pressure. Moreover, the peak concentrations of CxHy and CO increased with the decrease of ambient pressure, whereas the peak concentration of CO2 and NO showed the opposite trend. Based on the previous studies of the thermal analysis kinetics model of LIBs, a pressure correction factor kp was introduced to establish a prediction model for thermal runaway temperature at low pressure conditions. Based on the model output, the error of thermal runaway onset time t1 could be controlled within ±2 s, and the error of thermal runaway peak temperature Tmax could be controlled within ±2 °C. The experimental results were well consistent with the simulation results. The results of this study are beneficial to better reveal the thermal runaway behavior of LIBs under low ambient pressure.
{"title":"Experimental and computational analysis of thermal runaway behavior of lithium ion pouch battery at low ambient pressure","authors":"Yuanhua He, Liheng Zhang, Di Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4056328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Safety issue concerning the “thermal runaway behavior” of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a major concern of users. In this paper, the thermal runaway (TR) behaviors at different ambient pressures were studied. The thermal runaway onset time (t1) occured in advance as the ambient pressure decreased from 90 kPa to 50 kPa (90 kPa, 80 kPa, 70 kPa, 60 kPa, and 50 kPa). At 50 kPa, thermal runaway onset time of LIBs was 177 seconds earlier than that at 90 kPa. The values of heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), battery peak surface temperature and peak flue gas temperature declined with the decreasing ambient pressure. Moreover, the peak concentrations of CxHy and CO increased with the decrease of ambient pressure, whereas the peak concentration of CO2 and NO showed the opposite trend. Based on the previous studies of the thermal analysis kinetics model of LIBs, a pressure correction factor kp was introduced to establish a prediction model for thermal runaway temperature at low pressure conditions. Based on the model output, the error of thermal runaway onset time t1 could be controlled within ±2 s, and the error of thermal runaway peak temperature Tmax could be controlled within ±2 °C. The experimental results were well consistent with the simulation results. The results of this study are beneficial to better reveal the thermal runaway behavior of LIBs under low ambient pressure.","PeriodicalId":15579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44281241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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