Massimo Corsalini, Giuseppe Barile, Francesco Ranieri, Edvige Morea, Tommaso Corsalini, Saverio Capodiferro, Rosario Roberto Palumbo
The progress of digital technologies in dental prosthodontics is fast and increasingly accurate, allowing practitioners to simplify their daily work. These technologies aim to substitute conventional techniques progressively, but their real efficiency and predictability are still under debate. Many systematic reviews emphasize the lack of clinical RCTs that compare digital and traditional workflow. To address this evidence, we conducted a three-arm designed clinical RCT, which compares fully digital, combined digital, and analogic and fully analog workflows. We aimed to compare the clinical properties of each workflow regarding interproximal (IC) and occlusal contact (OC), marginal fit, impression time (IT), and patient satisfaction through a VAS scale. In total, 72 patients were included in the study. The IC and OC of the digital workflow were better than the others (p < 0.001), which obtained similar results. No difference between implant-abutment fit was observed (p = 0.5966). The IT was shorter in the digital workflow than the others (p < 0.001), which were similar. Patient satisfaction was higher in the digital workflow than in the conventional one. Despite the limitations, this study's results support better accuracy and patient tolerance of digital workflow than of conventional techniques, suggesting it as a viable alternative to the latter when performed by clinicians experienced in digital dentistry.
{"title":"Comparison between Conventional and Digital Workflow in Implant Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Massimo Corsalini, Giuseppe Barile, Francesco Ranieri, Edvige Morea, Tommaso Corsalini, Saverio Capodiferro, Rosario Roberto Palumbo","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060149","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progress of digital technologies in dental prosthodontics is fast and increasingly accurate, allowing practitioners to simplify their daily work. These technologies aim to substitute conventional techniques progressively, but their real efficiency and predictability are still under debate. Many systematic reviews emphasize the lack of clinical RCTs that compare digital and traditional workflow. To address this evidence, we conducted a three-arm designed clinical RCT, which compares fully digital, combined digital, and analogic and fully analog workflows. We aimed to compare the clinical properties of each workflow regarding interproximal (IC) and occlusal contact (OC), marginal fit, impression time (IT), and patient satisfaction through a VAS scale. In total, 72 patients were included in the study. The IC and OC of the digital workflow were better than the others (<i>p</i> < 0.001), which obtained similar results. No difference between implant-abutment fit was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.5966). The IT was shorter in the digital workflow than the others (<i>p</i> < 0.001), which were similar. Patient satisfaction was higher in the digital workflow than in the conventional one. Despite the limitations, this study's results support better accuracy and patient tolerance of digital workflow than of conventional techniques, suggesting it as a viable alternative to the latter when performed by clinicians experienced in digital dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11204927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingfang Fan, Fernando P S Guastaldi, Gem Runyan, Ying Wang, William A Farinelli, Mark A Randolph, Robert W Redmond
Objectives: This study investigated a novel strategy for improving regenerative cartilage outcomes. It combines fractional laser treatment with the implantation of neocartilage generated from autologous dynamic Self-Regenerating Cartilage (dSRC).
Methods: dSRC was generated in vitro from harvested autologous swine chondrocytes. Culture was performed for 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 weeks to study matrix maturation. Matrix formation and implant integration were also studied in vitro in swine cartilage discs using dSRC or cultured chondrocytes injected into CO2 laser-ablated or mechanically punched holes. Cartilage discs were cultured for up to 8 weeks, harvested, and evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically.
Results: The dSRC matrix was injectable by week 2, and matrices grew larger and more solid with time, generating a contiguous neocartilage matrix by week 8. Hypercellular density in dSRC at week 2 decreased over time and approached that of native cartilage by week 8. All dSRC groups exhibited high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the matrix was typical of normal hyaline cartilage, being rich in collagen type II. After 8 weeks in cartilage lesions in vitro, dSRC constructs generated a contiguous cartilage matrix, while isolated cultured chondrocytes exhibited only a sparse pericellular matrix. dSRC-treated lesions exhibited high GAG production compared to those treated with isolated chondrocytes.
Conclusions: Isolated dSRC exhibits hyaline cartilage formation, matures over time, and generates contiguous articular cartilage matrix in fractional laser-created microenvironments in vitro, being well integrated with native cartilage.
{"title":"Laser Ablation Facilitates Implantation of Dynamic Self-Regenerating Cartilage for Articular Cartilage Regeneration.","authors":"Yingfang Fan, Fernando P S Guastaldi, Gem Runyan, Ying Wang, William A Farinelli, Mark A Randolph, Robert W Redmond","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060148","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated a novel strategy for improving regenerative cartilage outcomes. It combines fractional laser treatment with the implantation of neocartilage generated from autologous dynamic Self-Regenerating Cartilage (dSRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>dSRC was generated in vitro from harvested autologous swine chondrocytes. Culture was performed for 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 weeks to study matrix maturation. Matrix formation and implant integration were also studied in vitro in swine cartilage discs using dSRC or cultured chondrocytes injected into CO<sub>2</sub> laser-ablated or mechanically punched holes. Cartilage discs were cultured for up to 8 weeks, harvested, and evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dSRC matrix was injectable by week 2, and matrices grew larger and more solid with time, generating a contiguous neocartilage matrix by week 8. Hypercellular density in dSRC at week 2 decreased over time and approached that of native cartilage by week 8. All dSRC groups exhibited high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the matrix was typical of normal hyaline cartilage, being rich in collagen type II. After 8 weeks in cartilage lesions in vitro, dSRC constructs generated a contiguous cartilage matrix, while isolated cultured chondrocytes exhibited only a sparse pericellular matrix. dSRC-treated lesions exhibited high GAG production compared to those treated with isolated chondrocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Isolated dSRC exhibits hyaline cartilage formation, matures over time, and generates contiguous articular cartilage matrix in fractional laser-created microenvironments in vitro, being well integrated with native cartilage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11204995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veaceslav Saramet, Miruna S Stan, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu, Bianca Voicu-Balasea, Dan Sebastian Enasescu, Florentina Rus-Hrincu, Marina Imre
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques are based on either subtractive (milling prefabricated blocks) or additive (3D printing) methods, and both are used for obtaining dentistry materials. Our in vitro study aimed to investigate the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts exposed to methacrylate (MA)-based CAD/CAM milled samples in comparison with that of MA-based 3D-printed samples to better elucidate the mechanisms of cell adaptability and survival. The proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts was measured after 2 and 24 h of incubation in the presence of these samples using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the membrane integrity was assessed through the lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of reactive oxygen species, expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B-I, and detection of GSH and caspase 3/7 were evaluated by fluorescence staining. The MMP-2 levels were measured using a Milliplex MAP kit. The incubation with MA-based 3D-printed samples significantly reduced the viability, by 16% and 28% from control after 2 and 24 h, respectively. There was a 25% and 55% decrease in the GSH level from control after 24 h of incubation with the CAD/CAM milled and 3D-printed samples, respectively. In addition, higher levels of LC3B-I and MMP-2 were obtained after 24 h of incubation with the MA-based 3D samples compared to the CAD/CAM milled ones. Therefore, our results outline that the MA-CAD/CAM milled samples displayed good biocompatibility during 24-h exposure, while MA-3D resins are proper for short-term utilization (less than 24 h).
{"title":"Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins-Do We Have a Winner?","authors":"Veaceslav Saramet, Miruna S Stan, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu, Bianca Voicu-Balasea, Dan Sebastian Enasescu, Florentina Rus-Hrincu, Marina Imre","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060147","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques are based on either subtractive (milling prefabricated blocks) or additive (3D printing) methods, and both are used for obtaining dentistry materials. Our in vitro study aimed to investigate the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts exposed to methacrylate (MA)-based CAD/CAM milled samples in comparison with that of MA-based 3D-printed samples to better elucidate the mechanisms of cell adaptability and survival. The proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts was measured after 2 and 24 h of incubation in the presence of these samples using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the membrane integrity was assessed through the lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of reactive oxygen species, expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B-I, and detection of GSH and caspase 3/7 were evaluated by fluorescence staining. The MMP-2 levels were measured using a Milliplex MAP kit. The incubation with MA-based 3D-printed samples significantly reduced the viability, by 16% and 28% from control after 2 and 24 h, respectively. There was a 25% and 55% decrease in the GSH level from control after 24 h of incubation with the CAD/CAM milled and 3D-printed samples, respectively. In addition, higher levels of LC3B-I and MMP-2 were obtained after 24 h of incubation with the MA-based 3D samples compared to the CAD/CAM milled ones. Therefore, our results outline that the MA-CAD/CAM milled samples displayed good biocompatibility during 24-h exposure, while MA-3D resins are proper for short-term utilization (less than 24 h).</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11204847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jolene Quek, Catarina Vizetto-Duarte, Swee Hin Teoh, Yen Choo
The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering-stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation-addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.
{"title":"Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation.","authors":"Jolene Quek, Catarina Vizetto-Duarte, Swee Hin Teoh, Yen Choo","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060145","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering-stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation-addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Roy, Elisa Chelucci, Alessandro Corti, Lorenzo Ceccarelli, Mauro Cerea, Barbara Dorocka-Bobkowska, Alfonso Pompella, Simona Daniele
The use of endosseous dental implants may become unfeasible in the presence of significant maxillary bone atrophy; thus, surgical techniques have been proposed to promote bone regeneration in such cases. However, such techniques are complex and may expose the patient to complications. Subperiosteal implants, being placed between the periosteum and the residual alveolar bone, are largely independent of bone thickness. Such devices had been abandoned due to the complexity of positioning and adaptation to the recipient bone site, but are nowadays witnessing an era of revival following the introduction of new acquisition procedures, new materials, and innovative manufacturing methods. We have analyzed the changes induced in gene and protein expression in C-12720 human osteoblasts by differently surface-modified TiO2 materials to verify their ability to promote bone formation. The TiO2 materials tested were (i) raw machined, (ii) electropolished with acid mixture, (iii) sand-blasted + acid-etched, (iv) AlTiColorTM surface, and (v) anodized. All five surfaces efficiently stimulated the expression of markers of osteoblastic differentiation, adhesion, and osteogenesis, such as RUNX2, osteocalcin, osterix, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and osteoprotegerin, while cell viability/proliferation was unaffected. Collectively, our observations document that presently available TiO2 materials are well suited for the manufacturing of modern subperiosteal implants.
{"title":"Biocompatibility of Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Changes in the Expression of Osteogenesis-Related Genes in Osteoblasts Exposed to Differently Treated Titanium Surfaces.","authors":"Marco Roy, Elisa Chelucci, Alessandro Corti, Lorenzo Ceccarelli, Mauro Cerea, Barbara Dorocka-Bobkowska, Alfonso Pompella, Simona Daniele","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060146","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of endosseous dental implants may become unfeasible in the presence of significant maxillary bone atrophy; thus, surgical techniques have been proposed to promote bone regeneration in such cases. However, such techniques are complex and may expose the patient to complications. Subperiosteal implants, being placed between the periosteum and the residual alveolar bone, are largely independent of bone thickness. Such devices had been abandoned due to the complexity of positioning and adaptation to the recipient bone site, but are nowadays witnessing an era of revival following the introduction of new acquisition procedures, new materials, and innovative manufacturing methods. We have analyzed the changes induced in gene and protein expression in C-12720 human osteoblasts by differently surface-modified TiO<sub>2</sub> materials to verify their ability to promote bone formation. The TiO<sub>2</sub> materials tested were (i) raw machined, (ii) electropolished with acid mixture, (iii) sand-blasted + acid-etched, (iv) AlTiColorTM surface, and (v) anodized. All five surfaces efficiently stimulated the expression of markers of osteoblastic differentiation, adhesion, and osteogenesis, such as RUNX2, osteocalcin, osterix, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and osteoprotegerin, while cell viability/proliferation was unaffected. Collectively, our observations document that presently available TiO<sub>2</sub> materials are well suited for the manufacturing of modern subperiosteal implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11204639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Melo, Bianca Dumitrache, James Ghilotti, José Luis Sanz, Carmen Llena
The objective was to evaluate the change in color, hardness, and roughness produced by carbamide peroxide (CP) at two different concentrations on two resins. The 16% or 45% CP was applied to 66 resin discs with and without Bis-GMA. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer, and ΔEab and ΔE00 were calculated. Microhardness tester and SEM were used. In both composites, the a* and b* coordinates tended to be red and yellow, respectively, and were significant in the Bis-GMA group (p < 0.05). The ΔEab and ΔE00 were higher in the composite with Bis-GMA, regardless of the treatment received (p < 0.05). The microhardness was reduced in both composites regardless of the PC concentration compared to the control (p < 0.05). The 45% CP reduced the microhardness in the resin group with Bis-GMA compared to 16% CP (p < 0.001) but was not significant in the resin without Bis-GMA (p = 1). An increase in roughness was directly proportional to the concentration of CP, and it was more notable in the composite without Bis-GMA. The composite with Bis-GMA showed a greater tendency to darken than the one without Bis-GMA. The surface hardness of the composite was reduced in both composites and was not influenced by CP concentration in the composite without Bis-GMA. Bleaching is a common procedure nowadays. It is important to know how CP affects composites to establish a prognosis of the treatments in terms of color change, roughness, and hardness.
{"title":"Effect of Bleaching Agents on Composite Resins with and without Bis-GMA: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"María Melo, Bianca Dumitrache, James Ghilotti, José Luis Sanz, Carmen Llena","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060144","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to evaluate the change in color, hardness, and roughness produced by carbamide peroxide (CP) at two different concentrations on two resins. The 16% or 45% CP was applied to 66 resin discs with and without Bis-GMA. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer, and ΔE<sub>ab</sub> and ΔE<sub>00</sub> were calculated. Microhardness tester and SEM were used. In both composites, the a* and b* coordinates tended to be red and yellow, respectively, and were significant in the Bis-GMA group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ΔE<sub>ab</sub> and ΔE<sub>00</sub> were higher in the composite with Bis-GMA, regardless of the treatment received (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The microhardness was reduced in both composites regardless of the PC concentration compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 45% CP reduced the microhardness in the resin group with Bis-GMA compared to 16% CP (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but was not significant in the resin without Bis-GMA (<i>p</i> = 1). An increase in roughness was directly proportional to the concentration of CP, and it was more notable in the composite without Bis-GMA. The composite with Bis-GMA showed a greater tendency to darken than the one without Bis-GMA. The surface hardness of the composite was reduced in both composites and was not influenced by CP concentration in the composite without Bis-GMA. Bleaching is a common procedure nowadays. It is important to know how CP affects composites to establish a prognosis of the treatments in terms of color change, roughness, and hardness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11204896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrik Eiba, Karel Frydrysek, Behrad Zanganeh, Daniel Cepica, Pavel Marsalek, Petr Handlos, Juraj Timkovic, Jan Stembirek, Jakub Cienciala, Arnost Onderka, Michal Brezik, Ondrej Mizera
This contribution gives basic information about the mechanical behavior of the facial part of the human skull cranium, i.e., the splanchnocranium, associated with external loads and injuries caused mainly by brachial violence. The main areas suffering from such violence include the orbit, frontal, and zygomatic bones. In this paper, as a first approach, brachial violence was simulated via quasi-static compression laboratory tests, in which cadaveric skulls were subjected to a load in a testing machine, increasing till fractures occurred. The test skulls were also used for research into the dynamic behavior, in which experimental and numerical analyses were performed. A relatively high variability in forces inducing the fractures has been observed (143-1403 N). The results lay the basis for applications mainly in forensic science, surgery, and ophthalmology.
{"title":"Simulation of Orbital Fractures Using Experimental and Mathematical Approaches: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Patrik Eiba, Karel Frydrysek, Behrad Zanganeh, Daniel Cepica, Pavel Marsalek, Petr Handlos, Juraj Timkovic, Jan Stembirek, Jakub Cienciala, Arnost Onderka, Michal Brezik, Ondrej Mizera","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060143","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution gives basic information about the mechanical behavior of the facial part of the human skull cranium, i.e., the splanchnocranium, associated with external loads and injuries caused mainly by brachial violence. The main areas suffering from such violence include the orbit, frontal, and zygomatic bones. In this paper, as a first approach, brachial violence was simulated via quasi-static compression laboratory tests, in which cadaveric skulls were subjected to a load in a testing machine, increasing till fractures occurred. The test skulls were also used for research into the dynamic behavior, in which experimental and numerical analyses were performed. A relatively high variability in forces inducing the fractures has been observed (143-1403 N). The results lay the basis for applications mainly in forensic science, surgery, and ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Violetta Cecuda-Adamczewska, Agnieszka Romanik-Chruścielewska, Katarzyna Kosowska, Iwona Sokołowska, Natalia Łukasiewicz, Paulina Korycka, Katarzyna Florys-Jankowska, Agnieszka Zakrzewska, Michał Wszoła, Marta Klak
The recombinant structural protein described in this study was designed based on sequences derived from elastin and silk. Silk–elastin hybrid copolymers are characterized by high solubility while maintaining high product flexibility. The phase transition temperature from aqueous solution to hydrogel, as well as other physicochemical and mechanical properties of such particles, can differ significantly depending on the number of sequence repeats. We present a preliminary characterization of the EJ17zipR protein obtained in high yield in a prokaryotic expression system and efficiently purified via a multistep process. Its addition significantly improves biomaterial’s rheological and mechanical properties, especially elasticity. As a result, EJ17zipR appears to be a promising component for bioinks designed to print spatially complex structures that positively influence both shape retention and the internal transport of body fluids. The results of biological studies indicate that the addition of the studied protein creates a favorable microenvironment for cell adhesion, growth, and migration.
{"title":"Elasticity Modification of Biomaterials Used in 3D Printing with an Elastin–Silk-like Recombinant Protein","authors":"Violetta Cecuda-Adamczewska, Agnieszka Romanik-Chruścielewska, Katarzyna Kosowska, Iwona Sokołowska, Natalia Łukasiewicz, Paulina Korycka, Katarzyna Florys-Jankowska, Agnieszka Zakrzewska, Michał Wszoła, Marta Klak","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060141","url":null,"abstract":"The recombinant structural protein described in this study was designed based on sequences derived from elastin and silk. Silk–elastin hybrid copolymers are characterized by high solubility while maintaining high product flexibility. The phase transition temperature from aqueous solution to hydrogel, as well as other physicochemical and mechanical properties of such particles, can differ significantly depending on the number of sequence repeats. We present a preliminary characterization of the EJ17zipR protein obtained in high yield in a prokaryotic expression system and efficiently purified via a multistep process. Its addition significantly improves biomaterial’s rheological and mechanical properties, especially elasticity. As a result, EJ17zipR appears to be a promising component for bioinks designed to print spatially complex structures that positively influence both shape retention and the internal transport of body fluids. The results of biological studies indicate that the addition of the studied protein creates a favorable microenvironment for cell adhesion, growth, and migration.","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeasts resistant to antifungals have become an increasing risk to human health. One of the best antimicrobial properties is reported to be present in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); however, little is known about the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs produced using thermophilic bacteria. How AgNPs cause cell death is different depending on the type of the cell, and the mode of death induced is cell-type specific. Apoptosis, one of the types of regulated cell death, can be extremely useful in the fight against infection because surrounding cells that have phagocytic activity can efficiently absorb the apoptotic bodies formed during apoptosis. In the course of this work, for the first time, comprehensive antifungal studies of AgNPs were performed using thermophilic Geobacillus spp. bacteria against Candida guilliermondii, also with the addition of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 10 μg/mL against C. guilliermondii and 50 μg/mL against S. cerevisiae for Geobacillus sp. strain 25 AgNPs, and for Geobacillus sp. 612 the MICs were 5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, respectively. It was shown for the first time that the exposure of the yeast cells leads to caspase activation in both S. cerevisiae and C. guilliermondii after exposure to Geobacillus spp. AgNPs. Also, a statistically significant change in the number of cells with permeable membranes was detected. Moreover, it was shown that the antimicrobial effect of the AgNPs is related to ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in C. guilliermondii yeast.
{"title":"Induction of Apoptosis with Silver Nanoparticles Obtained Using Thermophilic Bacteria.","authors":"Kotryna Čekuolytė, Diana Šapaitė, Estera Žemgulytė, Renata Gudiukaitė, Eglė Lastauskienė","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060142","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb15060142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yeasts resistant to antifungals have become an increasing risk to human health. One of the best antimicrobial properties is reported to be present in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); however, little is known about the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs produced using thermophilic bacteria. How AgNPs cause cell death is different depending on the type of the cell, and the mode of death induced is cell-type specific. Apoptosis, one of the types of regulated cell death, can be extremely useful in the fight against infection because surrounding cells that have phagocytic activity can efficiently absorb the apoptotic bodies formed during apoptosis. In the course of this work, for the first time, comprehensive antifungal studies of AgNPs were performed using thermophilic <i>Geobacillus</i> spp. bacteria against <i>Candida guilliermondii</i>, also with the addition of the model yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. The determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 10 μg/mL against <i>C. guilliermondii</i> and 50 μg/mL against <i>S. cerevisiae</i> for <i>Geobacillus</i> sp. strain 25 AgNPs, and for <i>Geobacillus</i> sp. 612 the MICs were 5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, respectively. It was shown for the first time that the exposure of the yeast cells leads to caspase activation in both <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>C. guilliermondii</i> after exposure to <i>Geobacillus</i> spp. AgNPs. Also, a statistically significant change in the number of cells with permeable membranes was detected. Moreover, it was shown that the antimicrobial effect of the AgNPs is related to ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in <i>C. guilliermondii</i> yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue engineering aims to develop bionic scaffolds as alternatives to autologous vascular grafts due to their limited availability. This study introduces a novel wet-electrospinning fabrication technique to create small-diameter, uniformly aligned tubular scaffolds. By combining this innovative method with conventional electrospinning, a bionic tri-layer scaffold that mimics the zonal structure of vascular tissues is produced. The inner and outer layers consist of PCL/Gelatin and PCL/PLGA fibers, respectively, while the middle layer is crafted using PCL through Wet Vertical Magnetic Rod Electrospinning (WVMRE). The scaffold’s morphology is analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm its bionic structure. The mechanical properties, degradation profile, wettability, and biocompatibility of the scaffold are also characterized. To enhance hemocompatibility, the scaffold is crosslinked with heparin. The results demonstrate sufficient mechanical properties, good wettability of the inner layer, proper degradability of the inner and middle layers, and overall good biocompatibility. In conclusion, this study successfully develops a small-diameter tri-layer tubular scaffold that meets the required specifications.
{"title":"Fabrication of a Triple-Layer Bionic Vascular Scaffold via Hybrid Electrospinning","authors":"Feier Ma, Xiaojing Huang, Yan Wang","doi":"10.3390/jfb15060140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060140","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineering aims to develop bionic scaffolds as alternatives to autologous vascular grafts due to their limited availability. This study introduces a novel wet-electrospinning fabrication technique to create small-diameter, uniformly aligned tubular scaffolds. By combining this innovative method with conventional electrospinning, a bionic tri-layer scaffold that mimics the zonal structure of vascular tissues is produced. The inner and outer layers consist of PCL/Gelatin and PCL/PLGA fibers, respectively, while the middle layer is crafted using PCL through Wet Vertical Magnetic Rod Electrospinning (WVMRE). The scaffold’s morphology is analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm its bionic structure. The mechanical properties, degradation profile, wettability, and biocompatibility of the scaffold are also characterized. To enhance hemocompatibility, the scaffold is crosslinked with heparin. The results demonstrate sufficient mechanical properties, good wettability of the inner layer, proper degradability of the inner and middle layers, and overall good biocompatibility. In conclusion, this study successfully develops a small-diameter tri-layer tubular scaffold that meets the required specifications.","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}