Journal of Food Composition and Analysis最新文献_第7页

A machine learning-based approach for predicting the level of palm oil adulteration in coconut oil 基于机器学习的椰子油棕榈油掺假水平预测方法

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106969

Supuni. P. Dassanayake, Lakshika S. Nawarathna

Coconut oil, prized for its health benefits, faces quality threats from adulteration, particularly with cheaper palm oil. This not only degrades the quality but also poses health risks. Traditional detection methods are often labor-intensive, destructive, and time-consuming. This study addresses the issue by applying multispectral imaging technology combined with machine learning to detect palm oil adulteration in coconut oil. We selected four machine learning algorithms—Support Vector Machines (SVM), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Bagging—due to their robustness in handling complex datasets. These models achieved classification accuracies of up to 100 %, far surpassing traditional chemical tests, which are slower and dependent on tester expertise. To further enhance detection accuracy, we employed both hard- and soft-voting mechanisms, integrating the strengths of individual models to improve overall reliability. This research marks a significant advancement in detecting coconut oil adulteration, offering a faster, more efficient solution to ensure product quality and consumer health.

椰子油因其对健康的益处而备受推崇，但其质量却面临着掺假的威胁，尤其是掺入廉价的棕榈油。这不仅会降低椰子油的质量，还会带来健康风险。传统的检测方法往往耗费大量人力、破坏性强且耗时。本研究将多光谱成像技术与机器学习相结合，检测椰子油中的棕榈油掺假情况，从而解决这一问题。我们选择了四种机器学习算法--支持向量机 (SVM)、二次判别分析 (QDA)、K-近邻 (KNN) 和 Bagging--因为它们在处理复杂数据集时非常稳健。这些模型的分类准确率高达 100%，远远超过了传统的化学测试，后者速度较慢，而且依赖于测试人员的专业知识。为了进一步提高检测准确性，我们采用了硬投票和软投票机制，整合了各个模型的优势，提高了整体可靠性。这项研究标志着椰子油掺假检测技术的重大进步，为确保产品质量和消费者健康提供了更快、更有效的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous and non-destructive prediction of multiple internal quality characteristics in mandarin citrus with near-infrared spectroscopy and ensemble learning strategy 利用近红外光谱和集合学习策略同时非破坏性地预测柑橘的多种内部质量特性

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106961

Huizhen Tan , Yiqing Dong , Liwen Jiang , Wei Fan , Guorong Du , Pao Li

This study aimed to establish a simultaneous and non-destructive method for the prediction of multiple internal quality characteristics in mandarin citrus with near-infrared spectroscopy combined with ensemble learning strategy. 490 spectra were obtained over the whole picking period without destroying the citrus samples. The ensemble learning strategy was used to establish the quantitative models to simultaneously predict multiple internal quality characteristics, including soluble solids content (SSC), pH, and total acidity (TA), compared with partial least squares (PLS) method. Both validation set and independent test set obtained one month later were used to validate the models. The optimal collection points for the three characteristics were obtained. The ensemble learning strategy was better than PLS method, which can be used to improve the predictive accuracy. The best prediction models for SSC, pH, and TA were second-order derivatives (2nd)-consensus partial least squares (CPLS), 2nd-boosting-PLS (BPLS), and continuous wavelet transform-BPLS. The root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) for validation set were 1.0117, 0.1924, and 0.2408, respectively, while the RMSEPs for independent test set were 1.1067, 0.2647, and 0.2563, respectively. Besides, the long-wave NIR light was more suitable for the quantitative analysis of multiple internal quality characteristics in mandarin citrus than short-wave NIR light.

本研究旨在利用近红外光谱结合集合学习策略，建立一种同步、非破坏性的方法，用于预测柑橘的多种内部质量特征。在不破坏柑橘样品的情况下，在整个采摘期获得了 490 个光谱。与偏最小二乘法（PLS）相比，利用集合学习策略建立了定量模型，可同时预测多种内部质量特性，包括可溶性固形物含量（SSC）、pH 值和总酸度（TA）。验证模型时使用了验证集和一个月后获得的独立测试集。得出了三种特征的最佳采集点。集合学习策略优于偏最小二乘法，可用于提高预测精度。SSC、pH 和 TA 的最佳预测模型是二阶导数（2nd）-共识偏最小二乘法（CPLS）、二阶提升-PLS（BPLS）和连续小波变换-BPLS。验证集的预测均方根误差分别为 1.0117、0.1924 和 0.2408，独立测试集的预测均方根误差分别为 1.1067、0.2647 和 0.2563。此外，长波近红外光比短波近红外光更适合柑橘多种内部品质特征的定量分析。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the impact of thermal processing on physicochemical properties of monofloral and multifloral honey 评估热加工对单花和多花蜂蜜理化特性的影响

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106940

Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani , Mohammad Sasani , Shahriyar Sahraeian , Mohammadreza Khalesi

This study aimed to investigate the effect of thermal processing on the physicochemical properties of 20 honey samples. It was found that sucrose was the most susceptible sugar to degradation during thermal processing, while glucose and fructose contents remained relatively constant. While the moisture content of honey samples varied significantly, it remained below the maximum allowed level for all samples. Thermal treatment did not significantly affect the pH and acidity of honey samples. The study suggests that thermal processing in the range of 40–60 °C does not significantly affect the chemical composition of honey, however, it leads to a reduction in electrical conductivity. The proline content of all kinds of honey samples were depleted upon the thermal processing. The study also found that thermal treatment increased the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content of honey samples, with the intensity of the change varying among samples with different plant origins. Ion mobility spectrometry was also found to be a promising method for the detection and quantification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in honey.

本研究旨在探讨热加工对 20 种蜂蜜样品理化性质的影响。研究发现，在热加工过程中，蔗糖是最容易降解的糖类，而葡萄糖和果糖的含量则保持相对稳定。虽然蜂蜜样品的水分含量变化很大，但所有样品的水分含量都低于允许的最高水平。热处理对蜂蜜样品的 pH 值和酸度没有明显影响。研究表明，40-60 ℃ 的热处理不会对蜂蜜的化学成分产生明显影响，但会导致导电率降低。各种蜂蜜样品的脯氨酸含量在热处理后都有所降低。研究还发现，热处理会增加蜂蜜样品中 5-羟甲基糠醛的含量，不同植物产地的样品变化程度不同。研究还发现离子迁移谱法是检测和定量蜂蜜中 5-羟甲基糠醛含量的一种有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of physicochemical attributes and variation in mass-volume of Himalayan pears: Computer vision-based modeling 评估喜马拉雅梨的理化属性和质量体积变化：基于计算机视觉的建模

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106955

Akuleti Saikumar , Anjali Sahal , Shekh Mukhtar Mansuri , Afzal Hussain , Pir Mohammad Junaid , C. Nickhil , Laxmikant S. Badwaik , Sanjay Kumar

The current study attempts to examine the physicochemical properties of Himalayan pears and envision the relationship between mass and volume with various physical properties. These properties are measured using image processing techniques at different storage days (1st day, 4th day, 7th day, 10th day, and 13th day). The study employs both single and multivariable regression models, including linear, quadratic, rational, and exponential models to establish predictive relationships. Among the single variable models, the length-based linear and rational models demonstrated exceptional suitability for envisioning the mass and volume of pears, achieving higher R² values of 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. For mass and volume prediction considering combined physical properties, the rational and exponential models exhibited the best fit with higher R² values of 0.94 and 0.91, accompanied by low RMSE values of 0.217 and 0.141. Consequently, the established relationship between the mass and volume of Himalayan pears with its physical attributes contributes to the development of a faster, more authentic, and accurate grading system.

本研究试图检测喜马拉雅梨的理化特性，并设想质量和体积与各种物理特性之间的关系。这些特性是在不同贮藏天数（第 1 天、第 4 天、第 7 天、第 10 天和第 13 天）使用图像处理技术测量的。研究采用了单变量和多变量回归模型，包括线性模型、二次模型、有理模型和指数模型来建立预测关系。在单变量模型中，基于长度的线性模型和有理模型特别适合预测梨的质量和体积，R2 值分别达到 0.92 和 0.90。对于综合物理性质的质量和体积预测，合理模型和指数模型的拟合效果最佳，R2 值分别为 0.94 和 0.91，RMSE 值分别为 0.217 和 0.141。因此，喜马拉雅梨的质量和体积与其物理属性之间的既定关系有助于开发更快、更真实、更准确的分级系统。

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引用次数: 0

A triple lateral flow strip assay based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of chicken, pork and duck in adulterated meat 基于多重聚合酶链反应的三重侧流条带检测法，用于同时检测掺假肉中的鸡肉、猪肉和鸭肉

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106968

Rilong Liu, Hangzhen Lan, Zhen Wu, Daodong Pan, Hanqing Yang

The increasing problem of meat adulteration significantly threatens consumer health and economic order. Therefore, developing an efficient and low-cost method for multi-species detection is essential to overcome the disadvantages of single-targeted, low-efficiency, and high-cost methods. This study presents a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR)-triple lateral flow strip (TLFS) integrated method, which enables the simultaneous, quantitative detection of chicken, duck, and pork ingredients in adulterated meat samples. Unlike traditional methods that target single species or require complex instrumentation, this method uniquely combines MPCR with TLFS to detect multiple species in one run, significantly reducing detection time and cost. This method uses MPCR to amplify genes specific to the three target types of meat and differentiate them by fluorophores (6-Fam, Cy5, and Digoxin). The TLFS consists of three separate lanes, each specific to one target meat amplicon (chicken, duck, or pork), allowing for the simultaneous detection of all three species from a single input sample. This setup enables the quantification of each species within a mixed meat sample by measuring the signal intensity from each lane, thus providing species-specific quantification in one run. MPCR amplicons are compatible with TLFS via antigen-antibody binding. By optimizing the reaction conditions, the method demonstrated good specificity, sensitivity, and stability. There were no cross-detections for three target meats (chicken, duck, and pork) and no false positives for seven others (horse, beef, lamb, camel, turkey, goose, and rabbit). The detection limit for chicken, duck, and pork species was low to 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 0.05 % (wt%), respectively, which are all lower than the 1 % detection limit specified by the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 38164–2019). In the TLFS detection, meat samples can be qualified at 1 min and quantified after 7 min. The results of commercial samples showed that the method was consistent with the results of the national standard method, proving its reliability and practicality.

日益严重的肉类掺假问题严重威胁着消费者的健康和经济秩序。因此，开发一种高效、低成本的多物种检测方法对于克服单一靶标、低效、高成本等缺点至关重要。本研究提出了一种新型的多重聚合酶链反应（MPCR）-三重侧向流带（TLFS）集成方法，可同时定量检测掺假肉样品中的鸡、鸭和猪肉成分。与针对单一物种或需要复杂仪器的传统方法不同，该方法独特地将 MPCR 与 TLFS 结合在一起，一次运行即可检测多个物种，大大减少了检测时间和成本。该方法使用 MPCR 扩增三种目标肉类的特异性基因，并通过荧光团（6-Fam、Cy5 和地高辛）将其区分开来。TLFS 由三个独立的泳道组成，每个泳道特异于一个目标肉类扩增子（鸡肉、鸭肉或猪肉），可同时检测来自单一输入样本的所有三种肉类。这种设置可通过测量每个泳道的信号强度对混合肉类样品中的每个物种进行定量，从而在一次运行中提供物种特异性定量。MPCR 扩增子通过抗原抗体结合与 TLFS 兼容。通过优化反应条件，该方法显示出良好的特异性、灵敏度和稳定性。三个目标肉类（鸡肉、鸭肉和猪肉）没有交叉检测，其他七个目标肉类（马肉、牛肉、羊肉、骆驼肉、火鸡肉、鹅肉和兔肉）没有假阳性。鸡肉、鸭肉和猪肉的检出限分别低至 0.1 %、0.5 % 和 0.05 %（重量百分比），均低于中国国家标准（GB/T 38164-2019）规定的 1 % 检出限。在 TLFS 检测中，肉类样品可在 1 分钟内定性，7 分钟后定量。商业样品的检测结果表明，该方法与国家标准方法的检测结果一致，证明了该方法的可靠性和实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress of HPLC detection and analysis of ginseng rare saponins 高效液相色谱法检测分析人参稀有皂苷的研究进展

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106960

Lizhen Lin, Shiyu Liu, Yuqing Zhao

Panax has a long history as a traditional Chinese medicine, and has many pharmacological activities such as tonifying, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. In addition, the use of ginseng is gradually shifting from traditional medicine to food. Saponins are the effective components of ginseng plants, but because of their low content and the growing environment of ginseng plants getting worse, it is difficult to meet the use requirements. The variety, cultivation, producing area, harvest time, and other factors of Panax are very important to the quality of Panax saponins. In addition, rare saponins with low natural abundance can be produced by deglycosylation or side chain modification through physical and chemical processing or biotransformation. Most importantly, compared with the prototype saponins, they show strong biological activity, which leads to the research and development of ginseng and rare ginsenoside-related nutritional health products and natural products being highly concerned. Therefore, this paper summarizes the latest progress in the structural diversity, transformation routes, processed products of Ginseng plants from different places and years, and synchronous detection methods of rare saponins with different transformation methods, to provide the reference for the rapid discovery, quality control, and further development and utilization of rare saponins products.

三七作为一种传统中药，历史悠久，具有补气、消炎、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。此外，人参的使用正逐渐从传统药物转向食品。皂甙是人参植物的有效成分，但由于含量较低，加上人参植物的生长环境越来越差，很难满足使用要求。三七的品种、栽培、产地、采收时间等因素对三七皂苷的质量非常重要。此外，天然含量较低的稀有皂苷还可以通过物理、化学加工或生物转化等方法进行脱糖基化或侧链修饰生产。最重要的是，与原型皂苷相比，它们表现出很强的生物活性，因此人参及稀有人参皂苷相关营养保健品和天然产物的研究与开发备受关注。因此，本文总结了不同地域、不同年份人参植物稀有皂苷的结构多样性、转化途径、加工产品以及不同转化方法同步检测方法等方面的最新进展，为稀有皂苷产品的快速发现、质量控制和进一步开发利用提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress on the application of magnetophoretic separation technology in detection of food quality 磁泳分离技术在食品质量检测中的应用研究进展

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106922

Zhongshi Zhu , Jinrui Yang , Peishuai Tong , Chen Niu , Naseer Ahmad , Lei Zhang , Hao Yuan , Yuxuan Song

Food safety problems endanger human health; thus, food quality detection is crucial to avoid health threats. Magnetophoretic separation has shown great potential application in food detection because of its advantages of simple and fast operation and high efficiency. Therefore, this paper reviews the development and methods of magnetophoretic separation in the past 30 years. It introduces the size, types, and modification methods of magnetic beads and focuses on the magnetophoretic separation applications combined with various biosensors or other methods in food quality detection. The leading research directions in magnetophoretic separation are analyzed by bibliometrics. Finally, the development trends of magnetophoretic separation are prospected. The paper can help readers understand the positive influence of magnetophoretic separation in food quality detection.

食品安全问题危害人类健康，因此，食品质量检测对于避免健康威胁至关重要。磁泳分离法因其操作简单、快速、高效等优点，在食品检测中显示出巨大的应用潜力。因此，本文回顾了过去 30 年磁泳分离的发展和方法。本文介绍了磁珠的大小、类型和改性方法，并重点探讨了磁泳分离与各种生物传感器或其他方法相结合在食品质量检测中的应用。通过文献计量学分析了磁泳分离的主要研究方向。最后，对磁分离的发展趋势进行了展望。本文有助于读者了解磁分离在食品质量检测中的积极影响。

引用次数: 0

Pumpkin seeds; an alternate and sustainable source of bioactive compounds and nutritional food formulations 南瓜籽；生物活性化合物和营养食品配方的另一种可持续来源

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106954

Haya Fatima , Ashiq Hussain , Ambreen , Khurram Kabir , Farooq Arshad , Amina Ayesha , Barira Bibi , Adnan Ahmed , Ayesha Najam , Nida Firdous , Shazia Yaqub , Nabeela Zulfiqar

Increasing health awareness in the public and consumption of foods capable of promoting health has raised the use of fruits and vegetables seeds loaded with of nutritional contents and phytochemicals. In this regard, pumpkin seeds have now been found a valuable byproduct of pumpkin processing industry. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the evidence-based data on the possible use of pumpkin seeds as nutritional and functional food ingredients in different food formulations, collected from verified electronic data bases during the last 10 years. Further, this review concentrated on synthesizing scientific information that examines pumpkin seeds nutritional and bioactive contents and their potential as a functional food ingredient. We give a thorough description of the chemical make-up, phytochemical contents and biological activities of pumpkin seeds, as well as the procedures used in its processing and current applications. A wide range of bakery, dairy, confectionary, snack and meat products have been found developed so far, through incorporation of pumpkin seeds in different forms (whole seeds, powders, extracts, seed oils, seed starches). Proteins with high class peptides, enzymes and amino acids, fats and oils with essential oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers, essential macro and micro minerals and wide range of fat- and water-soluble vitamins are among the major nutritional contents found in pumpkin seeds. While polyphenols, carotenoids and phytosterols are major bioactives of pumpkin seeds with hundreds of secondary metabolites. Pumpkin seeds due to high nutritional contents and loads of bioactives, could be promoted for extensive research.

公众健康意识的提高和对能够促进健康的食品的消费，提高了对富含营养成分和植物化学物质的水果和蔬菜种子的使用。在这方面，南瓜籽现已成为南瓜加工业的一种有价值的副产品。本综述旨在总结过去 10 年间从经过验证的电子数据库中收集到的有关南瓜籽在不同食品配方中作为营养和功能性食品配料的循证数据。此外，这篇综述还集中归纳了有关南瓜籽营养和生物活性成分及其作为功能性食品配料潜力的科学信息。我们全面介绍了南瓜籽的化学成分、植物化学成分和生物活性，以及加工程序和当前应用。通过以不同形式（全籽、粉末、提取物、籽油、籽淀粉）添加南瓜籽，迄今已开发出多种烘焙食品、乳制品、糖果、零食和肉制品。南瓜籽的主要营养成分包括含有高级肽、酶和氨基酸的蛋白质，含有必需油脂和多不饱和脂肪酸的油脂，膳食纤维，必需的宏量和微量矿物质，以及多种脂溶性和水溶性维生素。多酚、类胡萝卜素和植物甾醇是南瓜籽的主要生物活性物质，还含有数百种次级代谢产物。南瓜籽营养成分高，含有大量生物活性物质，可促进广泛研究。

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引用次数: 0

Intra-regional classification and quality evaluation of honey from Mendoza (Argentina) based on multi-elemental analysis and chemometrics 基于多元素分析和化学计量学的门多萨（阿根廷）蜂蜜区域内分类和质量评估

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106958

Brenda V. Canizo , Ana Laura Diedrichs , Emiliano F. Fiorentini , Lucila Brusa , Mirna Sigrist , Juan M. Juricich , Roberto G. Pellerano , Rodolfo G. Wuilloud

Multi-elemental analysis of honey samples from Mendoza (Argentina) was performed with the aim of developing a reliable method for tracing honey provenance. The concentrations of twenty-six elements (Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg and Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), considering the most abundant isotopes. Subsequently, a comparative machine learning approach for classiﬁcation and for variable selection was applied to evaluate the possibility of using them as relevant markers to predict the region where honey was produced. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of decision tree classifiers, such as Random Forest (RF), C5.0, recursive partitioning (rpart) and conditional inference tree (ctree), as simple and agile chemometric tools for honey origin identiﬁcation. Moreover, the variable selection tools reduced the elemental data matrix to only six elements (Co, Sr, Zn, Na, Rb and Li) which were identified as the most important for predicting honey origin.

对门多萨（阿根廷）的蜂蜜样本进行了多元素分析，目的是开发一种可靠的方法来追踪蜂蜜的来源。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了 26 种元素（锂、钠、镁、铝、钙、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、铷、锶、钼、钯、银、镉、锡、锑、汞和铅）的浓度，并考虑了最丰富的同位素。随后，采用比较机器学习方法进行分类和变量选择，以评估将其作为相关标记来预测蜂蜜产地的可能性。我们的研究结果清楚地表明了决策树分类器的潜力，如随机森林（RF）、C5.0、递归分区（rpart）和条件推理树（ctree），它们都是简单而灵活的化学计量学工具，可用于蜂蜜产地鉴定。此外，变量选择工具将元素数据矩阵减少到仅六种元素（Co、Sr、Zn、Na、Rb 和 Li），这六种元素被确定为预测蜂蜜产地最重要的元素。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of methanolysis products from plasmalogenic lipids in horse muscle tissue 马肌肉组织质脂甲醇分解产物的特征

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106927

Lorea R. Beldarrain , Xabier Belaunzaran , Miguel Angel Sentandreu , John K.G. Kramer , Noelia Aldai

Muscle tissue is known to contain plasmalogenic lipids. Traditional methodologies for the analysis of lipids in muscle consists of methanolysis followed by gas chromatography (GC). The resultant dimethylacetals (DMA) are difficult to resolve because of extensive overlap with fatty acid methyl esters. In this study a new two-step procedure was applied to isolate DMAs from FAMEs from methanolysed horse muscle lipids (n=48) after saponification and solvent partitioning. Both total and isolated DMAs were analysed by GC and the extent of overlap was evident. The total methylated mixture was also analyzed using GC with online reduction (GC-OR x GC) which confirmed the identity of the FAME, DMA and aldehyde products. The DMA content in horse muscle tissue was found to be 55.7 mg DMAs in 100 g of meat, or 3.10 % of total lipids. The saturates 16:0 and 18:0 were the predominant DMA isomers, and 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 DMA were identified in this tissue. Samples with a higher (> 3 g/100 g of meat) intramuscular fat (IM) content showed a lower (p ≤ 0.05) absolute content of the DMAs compared to samples with lower IM fat content (15.3 vs 29.3 mg/g of fat, respectively).

众所周知，肌肉组织中含有质源脂质。分析肌肉中脂质的传统方法包括甲醇分解和气相色谱法（GC）。由于二甲基乙醛（DMA）与脂肪酸甲酯有大量重叠，因此很难分辨。本研究采用了一种新的两步法，在皂化和溶剂分配之后，从甲醇化马肌肉脂质（n=48）的脂肪酸甲酯中分离出 DMA。总 DMAs 和分离出的 DMAs 都通过气相色谱进行了分析，其重叠程度非常明显。总甲基化混合物也用在线还原气相色谱（GC-OR x GC）进行了分析，确认了 FAME、DMA 和醛产物的特性。研究发现，马肌肉组织中的 DMA 含量为每 100 克肉中含有 55.7 毫克 DMA，占脂类总量的 3.10%。饱和脂肪酸 16:0 和 18:0 是主要的 DMA 异构体，此外还发现了 18:3n-3 和 18:2n-6 DMA。肌肉内脂肪（IM）含量较高（> 3 g/100 g 肉）的样本与 IM 脂肪含量较低的样本相比，DMA 绝对含量较低（p ≤ 0.05）（分别为 15.3 vs 29.3 mg/g 脂肪）。

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引用次数: 0