Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Eugenol as a Seed Treatment for Controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Seeds Under Controlled Environmental Agriculture","authors":"Liliana Avaroma ,&nbsp;Angela M. Walla ,&nbsp;Ronny Barrera ,&nbsp;Leslie D. Thompson ,&nbsp;Catherine Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent foodborne outbreaks linked to basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L.) highlight the urgent need for effective intervention strategies covering the entire production cycle from seed to harvest. Foodborne pathogens, particularly <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, pose significant public health risks when associated with fresh produce. Seeds serve as a primary vector for pathogen transmission, with contamination often originating from irrigation water, manure, or cross-contamination during handling. Traditional seed disinfection methods, such as chlorine-based treatments and hydrogen peroxide, have limited efficacy in reducing pathogens while maintaining seed viability. Eugenol has been shown to be an effective foodborne pathogen intervention in a variety of produce types. This study investigates the potential of eugenol (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%), a phenolic monoterpenoid, as a seed treatment to control <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>S.</em> Typhimurium and quality parameters on basil seeds over 14 days. All eugenol concentrations reduced pathogen loads by 4–5 log CFU/g at hr 0. However, antimicrobial efficacy declined significantly over time, with regrowth observed by 48 hrs, resulting in microbial levels not significantly different from the untreated control (p &gt; 0.05). The 0.5% eugenol treatment consistently minimized negative impacts on germination rates (p &gt; 0.05) and biomass (p &lt; 0.05), offering the best balance between microbial control and plant health. These results underscore eugenol’s potential as a short-term surface disinfectant for basil seeds and emphasize the need for combined strategies to sustain long-term efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on the Recovery of Peanut, Milk, and Gluten Residue from Environmental Swabs","authors":"Jessica Humphrey,&nbsp;Shyamali Jayasena,&nbsp;Steve L. Taylor,&nbsp;Joseph L. Baumert","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food companies utilize environmental swabs in production facilities to validate cleaning procedures and ensure food products and food contact surfaces contain no detectable residues of unintentional food allergens. When swabs are sent to third−party laboratories as part of cleaning validation trials, the current recommendation is to ship swabs on ice with same-day shipping. However, with unforeseen delays, the temperature and duration of storage exert unknown effects on the recovery of allergen residues from swabs. The recovery of three allergenic food residues (peanut, milk, gluten) from Neogen Environmental Swabs following storage at specified temperatures and times was evaluated. Extracts of 25, 50, and 100 ppm (mg/L) peanut flour, nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and gluten (an additional 10 ppm (mg/L) spike was included for gluten) were prepared and spiked onto the swabs that were then stored at room temperature, 37 °C, 4 °C, and −20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Subsequently, swabs were tested using two commercial ELISA methods (Neogen Veratox® and Morinaga) for each allergenic food. Higher and more stable recovery was obtained throughout the 14-day period across all three allergenic foods when tested using the Morinaga kits by comparison to the Veratox kits. For peanut and milk recovery from swabs analyzed using the Veratox kit, the greatest decrease in recovery was observed from day 0 to day 1. Gluten−spiked swabs tested with the Veratox kit did not demonstrate significant variability in recovery over time. Overall, higher recoveries were observed when swabs were stored at lower temperatures. These results indicate that swabs should be transported and stored at 4 °C or −20 °C until analysis. However, these results are limited to the Neogen Environmental Swabs and the ELISA kits evaluated in the current study. Further evaluation of additional protein targets, ELISA kits, and swab types is warranted to determine if these results are consistent for alternate targets, extractions, and swab types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and Environmental Drivers for Survival of Escherichia coli in Florida Soils Amended with Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Composted Poultry Litter","authors":"Harsimran Kaur Kapoor ,&nbsp;Charles Bency Appolon ,&nbsp;Cameron A. Bardsley ,&nbsp;Karuna Kharel ,&nbsp;Keith R. Schneider ,&nbsp;Manan Sharma ,&nbsp;Aditya Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Govindaraj Dev Kumar ,&nbsp;Alda F.A. Pires ,&nbsp;Laurel L. Dunn ,&nbsp;Abhinav Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that field environmental conditions influence pathogen survival in the soils amended with biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs). To address this, a two-year completely randomized design field study in Florida was conducted with plots amended with heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPPs), composted poultry litter (PL), and unamended (UN), all inoculated with <em>E. coli</em>. Onion bulbs were transplanted into selected HTPP plots (O-HTPP) and field cured after harvesting. Soil samples were enumerated for <em>E. coli</em> on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 147 (harvest day), and 161 (after curing). The <em>E. coli</em> data were used to fit a linear mixed effect model (LME) with five weather variables: cumulative rainfall (cmrain₄), average air temperature (at60₁₂₃₄), relative humidity (RH₁₂₃₄), wind speed (W₁), soil temperature (ast₁). Overall, <em>E. coli</em> levels were 1.8 and 1.6 log₁₀CFU or MPN/g higher in HTPP than UN plots in Year 1 and Year 2. The LME for soil amendment plots identified weather parameters that significantly influenced <em>E. coli</em> survival; cmrain₄ and W₁ increased and decreased survival by 0.698 and 0.712 log₁₀CFU or MPN/g (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), in Year 1. In the LME that compared plots with and without onions, W₁ significantly increased survival in soils by 0.504 log₁₀CFU or MPN/g (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in Year 1 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05)<em>.</em> These robust LME models (R²: 0.88–0.92) can predict the <em>E. coli</em> population in soils amended with poultry-litter−based amendments with or without onions. However, future studies will benefit from frequent samplings at later time points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sanitation Practices on Microbial Dynamics in Meat Processing Environment","authors":"Barun Yadav ,&nbsp;Yi Fan ,&nbsp;Scott Hrycauk ,&nbsp;Tim McAllister ,&nbsp;Claudia Narvaez-Bravo ,&nbsp;Tyson Brown ,&nbsp;Xianqin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of a multistage sanitation process on the microbial populations associated with conveyor belts, drains, and air within a large commercial beef processing facility. Total aerobic counts in samples from conveyor belts, drain, and air increased after a pressurized warm water wash (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), decreased after foaming and degreasing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and were not affected (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) by application of peracetic acid (500 ppm) or quat−based (200 ppm) no-rinse sanitizers at recommended in-use concentrations with a 5−min contact time. <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and coliforms counts on conveyor belts and drains largely followed the same pattern as those of total aerobic counts. However, the <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> counts in air samples were below the detection limit (1 CFU/100 L). <em>Escherichia coli</em> were not recovered from belts before cleaning or after sanitation, but were detected only sporadically during sanitation. In drain samples where <em>E. coli</em> were recovered, counts were not affected by cleaning or sanitation steps. Sequencing results revealed that the microbial composition varied by different sampling trips. Overall, <em>Acinetobacter</em> was predominant throughout the sanitation process in conveyor belt, drain, and air samples, with overall relative abundance of 46.06%, 51.18%, and 55.83%, respectively. Prediction models based on sequencing data indicated that the drain surface was a significant contributor to the initial microbiota on conveyor belts, but was replaced by air at the step of pressurized water washing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk Safety in Rwanda: Examining Practices, Microbial Contamination, and Antibiotic Residues Along the Milk Value Chain","authors":"Eugene Niyonzima ,&nbsp;Kizito Nishimwe ,&nbsp;Armitra Jackson-Davis ,&nbsp;Janvier Mugisha ,&nbsp;David Mugabo ,&nbsp;Sylvie Nkundizanye ,&nbsp;Theogene Ndayishimye ,&nbsp;Olivier Kamana ,&nbsp;Anselme Shyaka ,&nbsp;Lamin S. Kassama","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Milk is widely recognized as a vital source of animal protein; however, it can also act as a conduit for foodborne infections. This study evaluated the microbiological quality and prevalence of antibiotic residues in raw cow milk along Rwanda’s dairy value chain, including farms, milk transporters, milk collection centers (MCCs), and retail outlets. The research was conducted across four major milk sheds (regions) in Rwanda: Gicumbi, Gishwati, Nyagatare, and Nyanza. A total of 144 dairy farmers, 70 milk transporters, 12 MCCs, and 46 retail points were randomly selected. Data on milk production and handling practices were gathered using a structured questionnaire, and 390 milk samples were analyzed for hygiene indicator bacteria, <em>Salmonella</em>, and antibiotic residues. Milk was found to be transported from farms to MCCs without refrigeration. At the farm level, microbial counts for Total Mesophilic Bacteria (6.10 ± 0.08 log CFU/mL), Total Coliforms (4.85 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL), and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (3.79 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL) exceeded national safety thresholds. Contamination levels increased during transportation and peaked at MCCs, where the Total Mesophilic Count (TMC) reached 6.97 ± 0.14 log CFU/mL, and <em>Salmonella</em> was detected in 18% of samples. However, microbial quality improved at the retail level, likely due to boiling practices. Antibiotic residues were present in 48.5% of milk samples. Tetracyclines were the most frequently detected (40.0%), followed by Streptomycin (6.2%) and β-lactams (2.3%). Additionally, 95.8% of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 54.2% exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance on-farm hygiene, establish cold chain systems for milk transportation, and implement routine screening for antibiotic residues throughout the dairy value chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of Salmonella in Cull Boar, Sow, and Gilt Lymph Nodes and Tonsils from Six Cull Hog Processing Facilities in the United States","authors":"Sirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Reagan L. Brashears ,&nbsp;Mindy M. Brashears ,&nbsp;Marcos X. Sanchez ,&nbsp;Sara E. Gragg","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is associated with the environment, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes (LNs) of pigs. Contamination in LNs of cull hogs may lead to contamination of carcasses, sausages, and other pork products. To better understand the public health risks of contaminated lymphatic tissues, a cross-sectional analysis of <em>Salmonella</em> in the LNs and tonsils of cull hogs processed at six facilities across two regions of the United States during different seasons was conducted. A total of 3,824 samples from 560 carcasses were included in this study. From each carcass, six LNs (axillary [ALN], mesenteric [MLN], subiliac [SLN], tracheobronchial [TLN], superficial inguinal [SILN], and prescapular [PLN]), and tonsils were collected. The BAX® System Real-Time <em>Salmonella</em> Assay and BAX®-System-SalQuant® methods were used to detect and estimate <em>Salmonella</em> concentration in samples, respectively. <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was 12.3% overall, 36.9% in tonsils, 29.7% in MLNs, 8.2% in SILNs, 2.5% in PLNs, 4.5% in TLNs, 2.0% in ALNs, and 0.7% in SLNs. <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was greatest for tonsils in the summer/fall (42.6%), though season was not significant (<em>P</em> = 0.1132). For MLNs, <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence in spring (35.2%) and summer/fall (32.5%) was significantly greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than winter (18.3%). <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in SILNs during winter (19.2%) than spring (0.5%) and summer/fall (2.2%) in the eastern region. Of the 70 MLNs that were enumerable, estimated concentration (log <em>Salmonella</em> cells/sample) was greatest (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) during winter (2.8) in comparison to summer/fall (1.8) and spring (0.7) in the eastern region. At the carcass level, 332 (59.3%) harbored <em>Salmonella</em> in one or more samples, and prevalence did not vary by season (<em>P</em> = 0.1495) or region (<em>P</em> = 0.8669). These data suggest that seasonal factors impact <em>Salmonella</em> contamination in specific lymph nodes and can be used by the industry for risk assessment and <em>Salmonella</em> mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporulation and implications for composting food waste","authors":"Muriel Lepesteur,&nbsp;Carina Dexter,&nbsp;Yujing Zhang,&nbsp;Aleksandra Kusljic","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Well−managed composting is generally a safe method for processing organic wastes and generating a product that has beneficial uses. However, there is uncertainty regarding the safety of composts produced from high-risk organic wastes. High-risk organic wastes are wastes that may contain contaminants (biological, physical, or chemical) that render the waste difficult to process and are likely to pose unacceptable residual risks after suboptimal processing. In this article, we examine the environmental stressors present during the composting process and how they impact the fate of spore-forming bacteria. For example, promoting the sporulation of spore-forming bacteria early in the composting process by maintaining a steady but slow rise in temperature may increase their removal.</div><div>As a result, the composting process could be optimized to maximize the removal of pathogenic spore-forming bacteria otherwise likely to survive the composting process. A hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) is proposed that utilizes the timing of pathogen inactivation, as well as a multibarrier approach to ensure that inactivation during composting does not rely on a single operational parameter. This is a systematic and flexible approach which could offer composters a practicable and efficient system to reduce spore-forming bacteria as more high-risk organic wastes are diverted from landfills to be composted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Detection and Fast Induction of Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae","authors":"Eleonora Di Salvo ,&nbsp;Christopher Zeidler ,&nbsp;Tim Bastian Schille ,&nbsp;Patrick Mikuni-Mester ,&nbsp;Thomas Alter ,&nbsp;Stephan Huehn-Lindenbein ,&nbsp;Susanne Fleischmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vibrio</em> (<em>V</em>.) species, such as <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> and <em>V. cholerae</em>, are commonly associated with foodborne infections and are frequently detected in seafood worldwide. Unfavorable environmental conditions and process-related factors can induce a shift from culturable <em>Vibrio</em> cells into viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells.</div><div>Conventional culture-based detection methods (ISO 21872-1:2023-06) cannot detect bacteria in the VBNC state, even though these cells remain metabolically active and pathogenic due to the expression of toxin−encoding genes. This study aimed to develop a detection method using viable quantitative PCR (vqPCR) to identify viable cells, including those in VBNC state. In parallel, a relatively rapid protocol for inducing the VBNC state to generate VBNC cell controls was established.</div><div>The established vqPCR assays included a preliminary step to inhibit dead bacterial cells using a proprietary DNA intercalating dye (Reagent D) in combination with the detection of long gene fragments of <em>gro</em>EL (510 bp) for <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> and <em>omp</em>W (588 bp) for <em>V. cholerae</em> using previously published primers. These assays demonstrated a high sensitivity, detecting as low as 20 fg DNA = 3.5 <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> cells and 30 fg DNA = 6.9 <em>V. cholerae</em> cells. An induction of <em>Vibrio</em> VBNC cells of ≈ 6.5 Log10 cells/ml was successfully achieved within one hour from an initial 7.3 Log10 viable <em>Vibrio</em> cells/ml by treating the cells with a solution containing 0.5 or 1.0% Lutensol A03 and 0.2 M ammonium carbonate.</div><div>The results showed that the established vqPCR methods were able to detect <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> and <em>V. cholerae</em> in up to 50% (2.6 to 4.2 Log10 cells/g) and 56% (2.8 to 5.2 Log10 cells/g) of retail samples, respectively, that were initially false-negative in culture-based tests.</div><div>The use of vqPCR assays along with culture-based tests can significantly enhance the seafood safety assessment by enabling the detection of VBNC cells of the most important foodborne <em>Vibrio</em> pathogens. In addition, the induction assay can be used for a rapid production of VBNC cells to standardize and validate such detection methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 11","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Retail Beef and Farm Samples in Korea","authors":"Jiyon Chu ,&nbsp;Jeong-Ih Shin ,&nbsp;Mi Ru Lee ,&nbsp;Yeun-Jun Chung ,&nbsp;Kun Taek Park ,&nbsp;Seung-Hyun Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (<em>Lm</em>) is a major foodborne pathogen that can persist in food-processing environments and is responsible for listeriosis outbreaks. In this study, a total of 445 samples were collected from the beef supply chain, including 205 samples from cattle farms and 240 from retail markets across South Korea. Notably, 22 <em>Lm</em> isolates were exclusively recovered from retail beef samples, suggesting that contamination likely occurred during postfarm processing. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to lineage I (36.4%) and lineage II (63.6%), with CC9 being the most frequently identified clonal complex. Lineage I included hypervirulent clones such as CC3, CC87, and CC224, which harbored LIPI-3 or LIPI-4 and a full-length <em>inlA</em> gene, consistent with high virulence potential. Notably, the CC224 strains shared several molecular features with the Korean outbreak strain (sublineage, resistance gene, and a premature stop codon [PMSC] mutation in the <em>llsX</em> gene), although they were not closely genetically related. In contrast, all CC9 isolates harbored <em>inlA</em> PMSC mutations, which are associated with attenuated virulence. Virulence and stress-related genetic elements exhibited lineage-specific patterns, with SSI-2, internalin genes (<em>inlG</em> and <em>inlL</em>), and virulence factors (<em>ami</em> and <em>comK</em>) predominantly found in lineage II. All isolates remained susceptible to most antibiotics; however, tetracycline resistance was observed in a subset (<em>n</em> = 4, 18.2%). Our findings demonstrate the coexistence of hypervirulent and stress-adapted subtypes in beef products and underscore the need for continuous genomic surveillance and enhanced hygiene measures during meat processing and distribution to mitigate public health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 11","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study of Chemical Fertilizer and Cattle Manure-Based Bio-Slurry Application on Soil Properties and Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain","authors":"Getachew Sime","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bio-slurry (BS) and chemical fertilizer (CF) application on the physico-chemical properties of the soil and food safety of maize (Zea mays L.) grain. A field experiment was conducted at Hawassa University Research Farm, in Sidama Region, Ethiopia, under rain-fed conditions. The experiment consisted of three treatments, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were 100% BS (5 ton BS ha⁻¹), 100% CF (90 kg N ha⁻¹ + 30 kg P ha⁻¹ + 13 kg S ha⁻¹), and control. Soil samples were taken for the physico-chemical analysis. Maize grain samples were also collected at harvest for the analysis of heavy metal concentration. The application of BS and CF slightly improved the soil physico-chemical properties. The mean concentration of heavy metals in preexperiment soil was below the permissible limit for arable land except for Cd. Though the application of BS reduced the mean concentration of most of the heavy metals studied (Mn, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Co), it increased the concentration of essential metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn) in soil. Likewise, the application of CF increased the concentration of Cu and Fe. The application of BS and CF increased the concentration of Ni and Co, respectively, in maize grain that exceeded the FAO/WHO 2001 standards. Attributing to heavy metal concentration, this result signifies a potential health concern of applying BS and CF in maize cultivation for human consumption in the study sites. Therefore, pretreatment of BS and CF for Ni and Co is important for avoiding heavy metal contamination of maize grain for human consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 11","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}