Journal of food protection最新文献_第8页

Unveiling the Hidden Risks: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Vegetables Irrigated with Kalobe Wastewater Stabilization Ponds, Mbeya, Tanzania 揭露隐藏的风险：用Kalobe废水稳定池灌溉的土壤和蔬菜中的重金属浓度，姆贝亚，坦桑尼亚。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100653

Azaria Stephano Lameck , Dickson Mlelwa , John Chagu , Victor Sanga , Melkizedeck Hiiti Tsere , Gisandu K. Malunguja , Alinanuswe Joel Mwakalesi

This study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals in wastewater, soil, and tomatoes and Napa cabbage irrigated with effluent from the Kalobe Wastewater Stabilization Pond (KWWSP) in Mbeya, Tanzania. Human health risks were assessed using Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) indices. The results showed that cadmium (Cd) in all ponds was below the FAO/WHO permissible limits, while lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) were below detection levels. Heavy metals in soil were found in the order of Pb (5.95 mg/kg) > Cr (0.63 mg/kg) > Cd (0.25 mg/kg), all within FAO/WHO acceptable limits, indicating suitability for agricultural use. Cd levels in Tomatoes (0.14 mg/kg) and Napa cabbage (0.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits. Cr levels in the Tomato and Napa Cabbage were 1.87 and 2.10 mg/kg, respectively, and were close to the safety threshold, suggesting health concerns with long-term consumption. Cd exposure through vegetable intake was within but near acceptable limits, while Cr exposure, particularly for Napa cabbage, exceeded recommended safety thresholds. This resulted in elevated noncarcinogenic risks (THQ and HI > 1) and carcinogenic risks (TCR above the USEPA’s acceptable range). These findings suggest that consuming wastewater-irrigated Tomatoes and Napa cabbage may pose human health risks. Continuous monitoring of heavy metals, safe irrigation alternatives, and cropping restrictions using inadequately treated wastewater is essential to safeguard public health and long-term environmental sustainability.

本研究评估了坦桑尼亚姆贝亚Kalobe废水稳定池（KWWSP）出水灌溉的废水、土壤以及西红柿和纳帕卷心菜中的重金属浓度。采用慢性每日摄入量（CDI）、目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和目标癌症风险（TCR）指数评估人类健康风险。结果表明，所有池塘的镉（Cd）含量均低于FAO/WHO允许限量，铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）含量均低于检测水平。土壤中重金属含量为Pb (5.95 mg/kg) > Cr (0.63 mg/kg) > Cd (0.25 mg/kg)，均在粮农组织/世卫组织可接受限度内，表明适合农业使用。西红柿（0.14毫克/公斤）和纳帕卷心菜（0.40毫克/公斤）中的镉含量超过了允许限度。番茄和白菜的Cr含量分别为1.87和2.10 mg/kg，接近安全阈值，表明长期食用存在健康问题。通过蔬菜摄入的镉暴露在可接受范围内，但接近可接受范围，但铬暴露，特别是纳帕卷心菜，超过了建议的安全阈值。这导致非致癌性风险（THQ和HI bbb1）和致癌性风险（TCR高于USEPA的可接受范围）升高。这些发现表明，食用废水灌溉的西红柿和纳帕卷心菜可能会对人体健康构成威胁。持续监测重金属、安全灌溉替代方案和使用未经充分处理的废水的种植限制，对于保障公众健康和长期环境可持续性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationships Between Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Older Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh 结构方程模型之间的食品安全知识，态度和做法之间的关系的老年人在达卡，孟加拉国。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100649

Aysha Siddiky , Sultan Mahmud Imran , Abdullah Al Adib , Nitai Roy

Assessing food safety perceptions among older adults is crucial because their increased susceptibility to foodborne illnesses is primarily attributed to a decline in immune function. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to food safety among older adults in Bangladesh, with a focus on understanding the relationships between these factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to February 2024 to evaluate food safety KAP among 389 participants (mean age 67.70 ± 7.132) in various areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh, through structured, face-to-face interviews. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to validate the model, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted using the extracted valid items for KAP. Overall, older adults exhibited a moderate level of knowledge; however, gaps were identified in specific areas, as more than half of the respondents were unaware of proper cooking temperatures, reheating guidelines, and cross-contamination. However, a large proportion of the respondents demonstrated a positive attitude toward food safety. Overall, self-reported food safety practices among older adults were adequate, as most respondents followed good hygiene practices and reheated cooked food after removal from the refrigerator. Both knowledge of food safety and attitudes toward food safety had a positive and significant impact on the self-reported food safety practices of the respondents. Knowledge and attitude towards food safety were also correlated with each other, and if food safety knowledge increased in these respondents, attitudes toward food safety would also improve. All of our hypotheses (H1, H2, and H3) were supported by the findings of this study. In conclusion, enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward food safety can lead to improved food safety practices among older adults, helping them prevent foodborne illnesses.

评估老年人的食品安全观念至关重要，因为他们对食源性疾病的易感性增加主要归因于免疫功能下降。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国老年人与食品安全相关的知识、态度和实践（KAP），重点是了解这些因素之间的关系。本研究于2024年1月至2024年2月进行了一项横断面研究，通过结构化的面对面访谈，对孟加拉国达卡不同地区的389名参与者（平均年龄67.70±7.132岁）进行了食品安全KAP评估。采用探索性因子分析和结构方程模型对模型进行验证，并利用提取的KAP有效项目进行验证性因子分析。总体而言，老年人表现出中等水平的知识；然而，在特定领域发现了差距，因为超过一半的受访者不知道适当的烹饪温度、再加热指南和交叉污染。然而，很大一部分受访者对食品安全持积极态度。总体而言，老年人自我报告的食品安全实践是足够的，因为大多数受访者遵循良好的卫生习惯，并在从冰箱中取出熟食后重新加热。食品安全知识和食品安全态度对受访者自我报告的食品安全行为都有积极而显著的影响。食品安全知识与食品安全态度也存在相关关系，如果受访者的食品安全知识增加，对食品安全的态度也会有所改善。我们所有的假设（H1， H2和H3）都得到了本研究结果的支持。总之，加强对食品安全的知识和态度可以改善老年人的食品安全做法，帮助他们预防食源性疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Unmasking Hidden Gluten: Evaluating the Compliance of Gluten-Free Products and Consumer Exposure in Lebanon 揭露隐藏的麸质：评估黎巴嫩无麸质产品的合规性和消费者接触

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100655

Hussein F. Hassan , Ranim Assi , Raceel Alkhatib , Nada El Darra , Sami Khatib , George El Khoury , Mireille Serhan , Mohamad G. Abiad , Nisreen Alwan , Maya Bassil

Our study aims to determine gluten levels in gluten-free products marketed in Lebanon and to assess the consumption frequency of noncompliant products among gluten-free shoppers. Following a thorough market screening, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted on identified gluten-free (n = 115) stock-keeping units (SKUs) marketed in the country, including 54 local and 61 imported products. Gluten was quantified with the RIDASCREEN® R5 ELISA; levels >20 ppm were deemed noncompliant. A qualitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to a sample of 66 gluten-free shoppers for the intake frequency of each noncompliant SKU. Eleven SKUs (9.6%) exceeded 20 ppm, while another 15 (13%) fell between the 1 ppm quantification limit of the kit and 20 ppm. Noncompliance was markedly higher in local products (18.5%) than in imports (1.6%). Forty percent of the contaminated local SKUs and the sole contaminated import bore an FSMS logo, indicating implementation gaps. Bread (6/43) and snack/bars (4/30) accounted for most infractions; a single oat-based “other grain” also tested positive. Although 87% of products were analytically compliant, the FFQ revealed 8 daily and 11 weekly consumption events involving contaminated SKUs. Notably, 65% of respondents were celiac, and 27% purchased for celiac relatives, increasing clinical risk. Lebanon’s retail gluten-free sector is largely compliant, yet a substantial risk persists in domestically produced breads and snack items. Strengthened regulatory surveillance, dedicated production lines for high-risk categories, and targeted consumer education must be enforced to safeguard medically vulnerable populations and uphold ethical standards.

我们的研究旨在确定在黎巴嫩销售的无谷蛋白产品中的谷蛋白水平，并评估无谷蛋白购物者中不合规产品的消费频率。经过彻底的市场筛选，对在该国销售的已确定的无麸质库存单位（n = 115）进行了横断面分析，其中包括54种本地产品和61种进口产品。采用RIDASCREEN®R5酶联免疫吸附测定谷蛋白；20 ppm的水平被认为是不合格的。对66名无麸质购物者进行了定性食物频率问卷调查（FFQ），以了解每种不合规SKU的摄入频率。11个sku（9.6%）超过了20ppm，而另外15个sku（13%）在试剂盒的定量限值1ppm和20ppm之间。本地产品的不合规率（18.5%）明显高于进口产品（1.6%）。40%受污染的本地sku和唯一受污染的进口产品带有食品安全管理体系标志，表明实施上存在差距。面包（6/43）和零食/酒吧（4/30）违规最多；一种以燕麦为基础的“其他谷物”也被检测出阳性。虽然87%的产品符合分析要求，但FFQ显示每天8次和每周11次涉及污染sku的消费事件。值得注意的是，65%的受访者是乳糜泻患者，27%的受访者是为乳糜泻亲属购买的，这增加了临床风险。黎巴嫩的无谷蛋白零售行业基本上是合规的，但国内生产的面包和零食仍然存在重大风险。必须加强监管监督，为高风险类别提供专用生产线，并有针对性地对消费者进行教育，以保护医疗弱势群体并维护道德标准。

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引用次数: 0

Mature Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms Exhibit Reduced Susceptibility to Sanitizers – Relevance to the (Leafy Green) Fresh Food Supply Chain 成熟的单核增生李斯特菌生物膜表现出对消毒剂的敏感性降低-与（绿叶）新鲜食品供应链相关。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100652

Lucy Sutton, Megan Humphreys, Callum Highmore, Sandra Wilks, Charles William Keevil

Salads and herbs are important for a healthy diet but during their processing and packaging, they may be exposed to environmental contamination from foodborne pathogens. Of particular concern is Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, found ubiquitously in the environment. L. monocytogenes can survive and grow under harsh conditions such as refrigeration temperatures, low oxygen or nutrient concentrations, which is why it is a problem in the fresh food supply chain. Infection with L. monocytogenes can result in listeriosis, potentially fatal in immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborn babies, and the elderly. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of common sanitizing methods used in the fresh food supply chain, where biofilm formation has raised concerns, using appropriately developed laboratory models of Listeria biofilms. L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes CECT 936, and L. innocua NCTC 12210 biofilms were grown at 20 °C or 4 °C, on stainless steel coupons for 7 days, and treated with high concentrations of chlorine (up to 300 ppm) or peracetic acid (up to 500 ppm) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Coupons were then processed for culturable cell counts on treatment days, and imaged using episcopic differential interference microscopy, coupled with epi-fluorescence microscopy (EDIC/EF) on day 7 of growth. This determined that temperature affects biofilm growth on stainless steel, as biofilm growth reached ∼8 log₁₀ CFU/cm² at 20 °C, but was significantly lower at 4 °C (∼4 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) – highlighting the importance of maintaining a cold chain. Chlorine and peracetic acid were shown to be effective at treating Listeria in the planktonic form but were not effective at treating aged biofilms at both temperatures and the high concentrations of sanitizers used. This work provides important information on sanitizing efforts in the fresh food supply chain, concerning factory temperature, processing surfaces, and the age of biofilm.

沙拉和草药对健康饮食很重要，但在加工和包装过程中，它们可能受到食源性病原体的环境污染。特别值得关注的是单核细胞增生李斯特菌，这是一种革兰氏阳性兼性厌氧菌，在环境中无处不在。单核细胞增生乳杆菌可以在冷藏温度、低氧或低营养浓度等恶劣条件下存活和生长，这就是为什么它是新鲜食品供应链中的一个问题。单核细胞增生乳杆菌感染可导致李斯特菌病，对免疫功能低下的患者、孕妇、新生儿和老年人可能致命。本研究旨在利用适当开发的李斯特菌生物膜实验室模型，评估生鲜食品供应链中常用消毒方法的有效性，其中生物膜的形成引起了人们的关注。L. monocytogenes Scott A、L. monocytogenes CECT 936和L. innocua NCTC 12210生物膜在20°C或4°C的不锈钢板上生长7天，并在第1、3、5和7天用高浓度氯（高达300 ppm）或过氧乙酸（高达500 ppm）处理。然后对培养液进行处理，在处理日进行可培养细胞计数，并在生长第7天使用异差干涉显微镜和异差荧光显微镜（EDIC/EF）进行成像。这确定了温度影响不锈钢上的生物膜生长，因为生物膜生长在20°C时达到~ 8 log10 CFU/cm2，但在4°C时显著降低(~ 4 log10 CFU/cm2) -突出了维持冷链的重要性。氯和过氧乙酸被证明对浮游形式的李斯特菌有效，但在温度和高浓度消毒剂下对老化的生物膜无效。这项工作为生鲜食品供应链中的消毒工作提供了重要信息，涉及工厂温度、加工表面和生物膜的年龄。

{"title":"Mature Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms Exhibit Reduced Susceptibility to Sanitizers – Relevance to the (Leafy Green) Fresh Food Supply Chain","authors":"Lucy Sutton, Megan Humphreys, Callum Highmore, Sandra Wilks, Charles William Keevil","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salads and herbs are important for a healthy diet but during their processing and packaging, they may be exposed to environmental contamination from foodborne pathogens. Of particular concern <em>is Listeria monocytogenes</em>, a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, found ubiquitously in the environment. <em>L. monocytogenes</em> can survive and grow under harsh conditions such as refrigeration temperatures, low oxygen or nutrient concentrations, which is why it is a problem in the fresh food supply chain. Infection with <em>L. monocytogenes</em> can result in listeriosis, potentially fatal in immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborn babies, and the elderly. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of common sanitizing methods used in the fresh food supply chain, where biofilm formation has raised concerns, using appropriately developed laboratory models of <em>Listeria</em> biofilms. <em>L. monocytogenes</em> Scott A, <em>L. monocytogenes</em> CECT 936, and <em>L. innocua</em> NCTC 12210 biofilms were grown at 20 °C or 4 °C, on stainless steel coupons for 7 days, and treated with high concentrations of chlorine (up to 300 ppm) or peracetic acid (up to 500 ppm) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Coupons were then processed for culturable cell counts on treatment days, and imaged using episcopic differential interference microscopy, coupled with epi-fluorescence microscopy (EDIC/EF) on day 7 of growth. This determined that temperature affects biofilm growth on stainless steel, as biofilm growth reached ∼8 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> at 20 °C, but was significantly lower at 4 °C (∼4 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>) – highlighting the importance of maintaining a cold chain. Chlorine and peracetic acid were shown to be effective at treating <em>Listeria</em> in the planktonic form but were not effective at treating aged biofilms at both temperatures and the high concentrations of sanitizers used. This work provides important information on sanitizing efforts in the fresh food supply chain, concerning factory temperature, processing surfaces, and the age of biofilm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging Barriers in Food Safety Education: An Evaluation of Current Food Safety Training Programs and Recommendations for Future Opportunities Among Small-Scale Processors 消除食品安全教育中的障碍：对当前食品安全培训计划的评估以及对小规模加工商未来机会的建议。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100651

Maeve Swinehart , Suyapa Fabiola Rojas Oropel , Zachary Berglund , Erin DiCaprio , Yaohua Feng

Small-scale processors represent a large segment of all food processors in the United States. However, they struggle in adapting to the evolving criteria for food safety management, including effective employee food safety training. This study identifies barriers that small-scale processors encounter in employee food safety training programs and assesses their perceptions of various training formats. This qualitative method study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews of up to one hour each with 30 food safety managers from small-scale food processors. This study identified four major food safety training barriers: accessibility problems, varying baseline knowledge, lack of engagement, and time and budget insufficiencies. Small-scale processors made several recommendations to overcome barriers identified in this study. To improve learning outcomes achieved by food safety training programs, participants suggested using in-facility imagery, “real world” examples, and small training groups. Additionally, small-scale processors preferred a hybrid delivery format to improve food safety training programs and create more accessible opportunities. Small-scale processors perceived food safety regulations as ambiguous. They felt that regulations did not clearly define the food safety requirements in their facilities. Participants also identify a lack of existing resources for food safety management and challenges in prioritizing food safety training topics among management personnel as barriers to robust food safety plan development. This study’s findings will inform food safety educators and extension specialists about ways to create more effective training for small-scale food processors.

在美国，小型加工商占所有食品加工商的很大一部分。然而，他们努力适应不断变化的食品安全管理标准，包括有效的员工食品安全培训。本研究确定了小规模加工商在员工食品安全培训计划中遇到的障碍，并评估了他们对各种培训形式的看法。本定性研究采用半结构化访谈的方式，对30名来自小型食品加工商的食品安全管理人员进行了长达一小时的访谈。这项研究确定了四个主要的食品安全培训障碍：无障碍问题、不同的基线知识、缺乏参与以及时间和预算不足。小规模加工者提出了几项建议，以克服本研究中确定的障碍。为了提高食品安全培训项目的学习效果，参与者建议使用设施内的图像、“真实世界”的例子和小型培训小组。此外，小规模加工商更喜欢混合交付形式，以改善食品安全培训计划，并创造更容易获得的机会。小规模加工商认为食品安全法规模棱两可。他们认为法规没有明确规定其设施的食品安全要求。与会者还指出，缺乏食品安全管理的现有资源，以及在管理人员中确定食品安全培训主题的优先次序方面存在挑战，这些都是制定强有力的食品安全计划的障碍。这项研究的发现将告诉食品安全教育者和推广专家如何为小规模食品加工商提供更有效的培训。

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引用次数: 0

What Drives the Use of Highly Hazardous Pesticides and Farmers’ Beliefs About Crop Contamination in Punjab, Pakistan? Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Public Health 在巴基斯坦旁遮普，是什么驱使农民使用高度危险的杀虫剂，以及他们对作物污染的看法？对可持续农业和公共卫生的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100646

Yasir Mehmood , Muhammad Arshad , Stefan Sieber

Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to improve crop yields and protect against pests. However, the excessive and indiscriminate application of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) poses serious threats to farmers, the environment, and consumer health—risks that are particularly acute in developing countries where awareness of pesticide hazards is limited. Using farm household-level survey data, this study investigates the factors that drive the use of HHP and farmers’ beliefs about crop contamination in Punjab, Pakistan. Ordered logistic regression models were applied for analysis. Results show that media exposure, participation in Farmer Field Schools (FFS), perceived effectiveness, and yield-maximization intent significantly increase the likelihood of HHP use. Retailer recommendations also have a positive influence (β = 0.495, p < 0.05), while farmers’ awareness of pesticide risks reduces usage (β = −0.432, p < 0.05). Beliefs about crop contamination are positively influenced by education level, media exposure, FFS participation, and label reading, whereas retailer advice exerted a strong negative influence (β = −0.850, p < 0.01). Overall, farmers demonstrated limited knowledge of pesticide hazards, with 76% and 71% of farmers citing yield gains and economic necessity, respectively, as their primary motivations for HHP use. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions and institutional support to raise awareness of pesticide-related health risks and to promote safer, more sustainable agricultural practices.

农药在农业中广泛使用，以提高作物产量和防止害虫。然而，过度和不明智地使用高度危险农药对农民、环境和消费者健康构成严重风险，这种风险在对农药危害认识有限的发展中国家尤为严重。本研究利用农户调查数据，调查了巴基斯坦旁遮普省驱动HHP使用的因素和农民对作物污染的看法。采用有序逻辑回归模型进行分析。结果表明，媒体曝光、农民田间学校（FFS）的参与、感知有效性和产量最大化意图显著增加了使用HHP的可能性。值得注意的是，零售商的推荐也有积极的影响（β = 0.495, p < 0.05），而农民对农药风险的信念减少了使用（β = -0.432, p < 0.05）。教育、媒体、农民田间学校参与和标签阅读对作物污染的信念产生积极影响，而零售商建议产生强烈的负面影响（β = -0.850, p < 0.01）。总体而言，农民对农药危害的了解有限，分别有76%和71%的农民报告说，他们使用HHP的主要动机是提高产量和经济必要性。这些发现突出表明，需要有针对性的政策干预和机构支持，以提高对农药相关风险的认识，并促进更安全、更可持续的农业做法。

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引用次数: 0

Food Safety Practices Among Small-Scale Produce Growers Exempt from Federal Regulations: A Systematic Literature Review 免除联邦法规的小规模农产品种植者的食品安全实践：系统的文献回顾。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100648

Jesica Temple , Tim P. Boltz , Jessica M. Blythe , Christopher M. Ashwell , Cangliang Shen

Small-scale produce growers exempt from the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule (PSR) are not required to follow federal food safety standards, yet their practices have direct implications for public health. The extent to which knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) influence voluntary adoption of PSR-aligned practices in this group remains unclear. This systematic literature review aimed to examine self-reported food safety behaviors and willingness to adopt practices among FSMA-exempt small-scale growers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, six databases (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, and ProQuest) were searched for studies published from 2013 to 2025. Eligible studies included cross-sectional surveys reporting on food safety behaviors and KAB across three high-risk domains: agricultural water (AW), cleaning and sanitation (CS), and storage and transport (ST). Out of 133 records screened, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six reported findings on AW, five on CS, and five on ST. Use of tested well water ranged from 28.9% to 39.4%; 71–74% of respondents reported managing sanitation or packing produce in designated facilities; and 64% reported managing transport sanitation. Despite widespread awareness of food safety importance, the adoption of specific practices was inconsistent. Findings underscore a gap between intention and implementation, reinforcing the need for targeted outreach and affordable infrastructure solutions to support voluntary compliance among FSMA-exempt growers.

不受《食品安全现代化法案》（FSMA）《农产品安全规则》（PSR）约束的小规模农产品种植者不需要遵循联邦食品安全标准，但他们的做法对公众健康有直接影响。知识、态度和行为（KAB）在多大程度上影响了这一群体自愿采用与psr一致的实践，目前尚不清楚。本系统的文献综述旨在检查自我报告的食品安全行为和自愿采取的做法在fsma豁免小规模种植者。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，检索了六个数据库（ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus， AGRIS， AGRICOLA和ProQuest），以检索2013年至2025年发表的研究。符合条件的研究包括报告食品安全行为和KAB的横断面调查，涉及三个高风险领域：农业用水（AW）、清洁和卫生（CS）以及储存和运输（ST）。在筛选的133份记录中，有7项研究符合纳入标准。6个报告的发现是关于AW， 5个关于CS， 5个关于st。测试井水的使用范围从28.9%到39.4%不等；71-74%的答复者报告在指定设施管理卫生设施或包装农产品；64%的人报告管理了交通卫生设施。尽管普遍意识到食品安全的重要性，具体做法的采用是不一致的。调查结果强调了意图和实施之间的差距，强调了有针对性的推广和负担得起的基础设施解决方案的必要性，以支持fsma豁免种植者自愿遵守。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a Coinoculation Method for Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on Whole and Broken Almonds Exposed to Dry Heat 干热下整粒杏仁和碎粒杏仁肠道沙门氏菌和粪肠球菌NRRL B-2354共接种方法的研究

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100644

Yucen Xie , Christopher Theofel , Vanessa Lieberman , Linda J. Harris

Traditional laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies often involve inoculating each organism onto separate samples, which can subsequently introduce variability due to differences in food microenvironments and processing conditions. Coinoculating pathogens and surrogates onto the same sample minimizes this variability by subjecting both microorganisms to identical conditions. This study evaluated a coinoculation method for comparing the thermal resistance of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium on whole and broken almonds exposed to 168 °C for up to 12 min. Selective media were validated for accurate differentiation and enumeration of coinoculated wild-type or rifampin-resistant Salmonella and E. faecium on almonds. The media reliably distinguished and quantified each organism, with no cross-recovery observed. Reductions in Salmonella were not significantly different between wild-type and rifampin-resistant strains, nor between CHROMagar Salmonella and tryptic soy agar supplemented with rifampin at 50 μg/mL (P > 0.05). E. faecium demonstrated similar or greater thermal resistance compared to coinoculated Salmonella, supporting its use as a surrogate during dry heat treatment of almonds. While no significant difference in Salmonella reduction was observed between whole and broken almonds, greater reductions of E. faecium were observed on broken almonds, suggesting that almond structure may influence microbial thermal responses in a species-dependent manner. The findings support the utility of coinoculation for laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies.

传统的基于实验室的病原体替代物比较研究通常涉及将每种生物接种到单独的样品上，这可能随后由于食品微环境和加工条件的差异而引入变异。将病原体和代物共同接种到同一样品上，使两种微生物处于相同的条件下，从而最大限度地减少了这种可变性。本研究采用共接种的方法，比较了整粒杏仁和碎粒杏仁在168°C下加热12 min后，肠道沙门氏菌和屎肠球菌的耐热性。选择培养基对杏仁上共接种的野生型或耐利福平沙门氏菌和粪肠杆菌进行了准确的鉴别和计数。培养基可靠地区分和量化了每种生物，没有观察到交叉恢复。50 μg/mL添加利福平的CHROMagar沙门氏菌与色浆大豆琼脂菌对沙门氏菌的减少量无显著差异（P < 0.05）。与共接种的沙门氏菌相比，粪杆菌表现出类似或更大的耐热性，支持其作为杏仁干热处理的替代品。虽然整个杏仁和碎杏仁中沙门氏菌的减少量没有显著差异，但碎杏仁中粪肠杆菌的减少量更大，这表明杏仁的结构可能以一种依赖的方式影响微生物的热反应。研究结果支持共接种在实验室病原体-替代物比较研究中的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Eugenol as a Seed Treatment for Controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Seeds Under Controlled Environmental Agriculture 丁香酚对环境农业条件下罗勒种子中大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的防治作用

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643

Liliana Avaroma , Angela M. Walla , Ronny Barrera , Leslie D. Thompson , Catherine Simpson

Recent foodborne outbreaks linked to basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) highlight the urgent need for effective intervention strategies covering the entire production cycle from seed to harvest. Foodborne pathogens, particularly E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, pose significant public health risks when associated with fresh produce. Seeds serve as a primary vector for pathogen transmission, with contamination often originating from irrigation water, manure, or cross-contamination during handling. Traditional seed disinfection methods, such as chlorine-based treatments and hydrogen peroxide, have limited efficacy in reducing pathogens while maintaining seed viability. Eugenol has been shown to be an effective foodborne pathogen intervention in a variety of produce types. This study investigates the potential of eugenol (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%), a phenolic monoterpenoid, as a seed treatment to control E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium and quality parameters on basil seeds over 14 days. All eugenol concentrations reduced pathogen loads by 4–5 log CFU/g at hr 0. However, antimicrobial efficacy declined significantly over time, with regrowth observed by 48 hrs, resulting in microbial levels not significantly different from the untreated control (p > 0.05). The 0.5% eugenol treatment consistently minimized negative impacts on germination rates (p > 0.05) and biomass (p < 0.05), offering the best balance between microbial control and plant health. These results underscore eugenol’s potential as a short-term surface disinfectant for basil seeds and emphasize the need for combined strategies to sustain long-term efficacy.

最近与罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L.）有关的食源性暴发突出表明迫切需要有效的干预策略，涵盖从种子到收获的整个生产周期。食源性病原体，特别是大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，在与新鲜农产品相关联时构成重大公共卫生风险。种子是病原体传播的主要媒介，其污染通常来自灌溉用水、粪便或处理过程中的交叉污染。传统的种子消毒方法，如氯基处理和过氧化氢，在减少病原体的同时保持种子活力方面效果有限。丁香酚已被证明是一种有效的食源性病原体干预多种农产品类型。研究了酚类单萜类化合物丁香酚（0.5%、0.75%、1.0%）作为控制大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的种子处理的潜力，以及对罗勒种子14 d的质量参数。在hr 0时，所有丁香酚浓度均可使病原体负荷降低4-5 log CFU/g。然而，随着时间的推移，抗菌效果显著下降，在48小时后观察到再生，导致微生物水平与未处理的对照组无显著差异（p > 0.05）。0.5%丁香酚处理对发芽率（p < 0.05）和生物量的负面影响持续最小化（p < 0.05），提供了微生物控制和植物健康之间的最佳平衡。这些结果强调了丁香酚作为罗勒种子短期表面消毒剂的潜力，并强调了维持长期功效的综合策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on the Recovery of Peanut, Milk, and Gluten Residue from Environmental Swabs 贮存时间和温度对环境棉签中花生、牛奶和面筋渣回收的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645

Jessica Humphrey, Shyamali Jayasena, Steve L. Taylor, Joseph L. Baumert

Food companies utilize environmental swabs in production facilities to validate cleaning procedures and ensure food products and food contact surfaces contain no detectable residues of unintentional food allergens. When swabs are sent to third−party laboratories as part of cleaning validation trials, the current recommendation is to ship swabs on ice with same-day shipping. However, with unforeseen delays, the temperature and duration of storage exert unknown effects on the recovery of allergen residues from swabs. The recovery of three allergenic food residues (peanut, milk, gluten) from Neogen Environmental Swabs following storage at specified temperatures and times was evaluated. Extracts of 25, 50, and 100 ppm (mg/L) peanut flour, nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and gluten (an additional 10 ppm (mg/L) spike was included for gluten) were prepared and spiked onto the swabs that were then stored at room temperature, 37 °C, 4 °C, and −20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Subsequently, swabs were tested using two commercial ELISA methods (Neogen Veratox® and Morinaga) for each allergenic food. Higher and more stable recovery was obtained throughout the 14-day period across all three allergenic foods when tested using the Morinaga kits by comparison to the Veratox kits. For peanut and milk recovery from swabs analyzed using the Veratox kit, the greatest decrease in recovery was observed from day 0 to day 1. Gluten−spiked swabs tested with the Veratox kit did not demonstrate significant variability in recovery over time. Overall, higher recoveries were observed when swabs were stored at lower temperatures. These results indicate that swabs should be transported and stored at 4 °C or −20 °C until analysis. However, these results are limited to the Neogen Environmental Swabs and the ELISA kits evaluated in the current study. Further evaluation of additional protein targets, ELISA kits, and swab types is warranted to determine if these results are consistent for alternate targets, extractions, and swab types.

食品公司在生产设施中使用环境棉签来验证清洁程序，并确保食品和食品接触表面不含可检测到的无意中食物过敏原残留。当拭子作为清洁验证试验的一部分被送到第三方实验室时，目前的建议是用冰块运输拭子，当天发货。然而，由于不可预见的延迟，储存的温度和持续时间对拭子中过敏原残留物的回收产生未知的影响。在规定的温度和时间下，从Neogen环境拭子中回收三种致敏性食物残留物（花生、牛奶、麸质）进行了评估。制备25、50和100 ppm （mg/L）花生面粉、脱脂干牛奶（NFDM）和谷蛋白（谷蛋白包括额外的10 ppm （mg/L）穗）的提取物，并将其添加到拭子上，然后在室温、37°C、4°C和-20°C下保存0、1、3、5、7、10和14天。随后，使用两种商用ELISA方法（Neogen Veratox®和Morinaga）对每个致敏食物进行拭子测试。与Veratox试剂盒相比，使用森永试剂盒对所有三种致敏性食物进行了14天的测试，获得了更高和更稳定的恢复。对于使用Veratox试剂盒分析的棉签中花生和牛奶的回收率，从第0天到第1天观察到回收率的最大下降。用Veratox试剂盒测试的麸质刺拭子在恢复过程中没有表现出显著的变化。总的来说，当拭子在较低的温度下储存时，观察到更高的回收率。这些结果表明，拭子应在4°C或-20°C下运输和储存，直到分析。然而，这些结果仅限于在当前研究中评估的Neogen环境拭子和ELISA试剂盒。进一步评估其他蛋白靶点、ELISA试剂盒和拭子类型是必要的，以确定这些结果是否与替代靶点、提取和拭子类型一致。

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引用次数: 0