Journal of food protection最新文献_第8页

Risk Assessment and Dietary Exposure to Mycotoxins in Lebanon: A Scoping Systematic Review 黎巴嫩真菌毒素的风险评估和饮食暴露：一项范围系统评价。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100654

Rana Rizk, Roa Echtay, Faten Bou Assaf, Hanin El Hajj, Celine El Khoury, Aya Fakhr El Dine, Sonel Lahdo, Hussein F. Hassan

Mycotoxins, toxic fungal metabolites, contaminate a broad spectrum of dietary staples and pose a major global health risk. Lebanon faces unique challenges that may elevate exposure, making assessment crucial. A scoping narrative review was conducted to identify studies reporting mycotoxin contamination and dietary exposure in Lebanon. Multiple databases were searched to include a total of 35 articles. Across the included studies, cereals and cereal-based products were the most frequently analyzed food category, followed by milk, spices, and herbs. Mycotoxin contamination was widespread but variable, with rice, spices, and milk showing the highest positivity rates (100%), and lentils the lowest (8%). Milk had the greatest proportion of samples exceeding international safety thresholds (56%), while herbs and nuts showed none. OTA, AFB1, FB1, and DON were the most commonly detected mycotoxins. Risk assessment approaches revealed dietary exposures that in several cases exceeded safety margins, with MOE values for AFB1 falling below the 10,000 threshold and aflatoxin levels in spices surpassing regulatory limits in 13% of samples. Despite differences in methods and sample sizes, the findings indicate a notable potential for mycotoxin exposure in Lebanon, particularly from staple foods and spices. Current evidence emphasizes the need for strengthened regulatory measures, agricultural and storage practices, and mitigation strategies. Further research addressing existing gaps is also essential to inform evidence-based interventions and ensure food safety for the Lebanese population.

真菌毒素是一种有毒的真菌代谢物，污染了广泛的膳食主食，并构成重大的全球健康风险。黎巴嫩面临着独特的挑战，可能会增加风险，因此评估至关重要。进行了一项范围叙述审查，以确定报告黎巴嫩霉菌毒素污染和饮食暴露的研究。我们检索了多个数据库，共收录了35篇文章。在纳入的研究中，谷物和谷类产品是最常被分析的食物类别，其次是牛奶、香料和草药。霉菌毒素污染很普遍，但各不相同，大米、香料和牛奶的阳性率最高（100%），扁豆最低（8%）。牛奶样品超过国际安全阈值的比例最大（56%），而草药和坚果则没有。OTA、AFB1、FB1和DON是最常见的真菌毒素。风险评估方法显示，在一些情况下，饮食暴露超过了安全范围，AFB1的MOE值低于10,000阈值，13%的样品中香料中的黄曲霉毒素水平超过了监管限值。尽管方法和样本量存在差异，但研究结果表明，黎巴嫩存在明显的霉菌毒素暴露可能性，特别是来自主食和香料。目前的证据强调需要加强管制措施、农业和储存做法以及缓解战略。针对现有差距的进一步研究对于为基于证据的干预措施提供信息和确保黎巴嫩人口的食品安全也至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Salmonella Illness Outbreaks Attributed to Chicken by Product Type, United States, 1998–2022 按产品类型划分的鸡肉沙门氏菌疾病爆发，美国，1998-2022。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100660

Anna N. Chard , Taylor Eisenstein , Andrea Cote , Selena Kremer-Caldwell

Salmonella causes an estimated 1.35 million infections in the United States annually, with almost one-fifth of all salmonellosis illnesses attributed to chicken products. We reviewed Salmonella illness outbreaks attributed to chicken reported to the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) with a date of first illness onset during 1998–2022 and determined the chicken product type associated with each outbreak using a standardized categorization scheme. We calculated the number of outbreaks, outbreak-associated illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths overall and by chicken product type; evaluated changes in the frequency and size of outbreaks over time using Mann-Kendall tests; and evaluated differences in the observed (as reported to FDOSS) versus expected (based on sales volume) proportion of outbreaks attributed to chicken product types using generalized linear models. During 1998–2022, there were 366 Salmonella illness outbreaks attributed to chicken, altogether responsible for 10,344 illnesses, 1,426 hospitalizations, and 12 deaths. The number of outbreaks and outbreak-attributed illnesses per year did not significantly change during the analysis period, overall or when stratified by chicken product type. Among outbreaks for which a product type could be identified (53.0%), chicken parts were the most implicated product type, representing 68.6% of outbreaks and 53.8% of illnesses. Reported chicken parts outbreaks were 5.6 times higher than expected given sales volume (odds ratio [OR] = 5.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.79, 8.24). Results suggest that multilayered prevention strategies along the farm-to-fork continuum are necessary to reduce and prevent Salmonella illnesses attributed to chicken; prevention efforts focused on raw chicken parts could have the greatest impact.

据估计，沙门氏菌每年在美国造成135万例感染，其中近五分之一的沙门氏菌病病例归因于鸡肉产品。我们回顾了1998-2022年期间向食源性疾病暴发监测系统（FDOSS）报告的首次发病日期为鸡肉的沙门氏菌疾病暴发，并使用标准化分类方案确定了与每次暴发相关的鸡肉产品类型。我们计算了总体和按鸡肉产品类型暴发的数量、爆发相关疾病、住院和死亡人数；使用曼-肯德尔试验评估疾病爆发频率和规模随时间的变化；并使用广义线性模型评估了观察到的（报告给FDOSS的）与预期的（基于销售量的）由鸡肉产品类型引起的疫情比例之间的差异。在1998-2022年期间，有366次沙门氏菌疾病爆发归因于鸡肉，总共造成10,344人患病，1,426人住院，12人死亡。在分析期间，无论是总体上还是按鸡肉产品类型分层，每年暴发和由暴发引起的疾病的数量都没有显著变化。在可以确定产品类型的疫情中（53.0%），鸡肉是最受影响的产品类型，占疫情的68.6%和疾病的53.8%。在给定的销售情况下，报告的鸡部分暴发比预期高5.6倍（优势比[OR]=5.59； 95%可信区间[CI]=3.79, 8.24）。结果表明，从农场到餐桌的多层次预防策略对于减少和预防由鸡肉引起的沙门氏菌疾病是必要的；以生鸡肉为重点的预防措施可能会产生最大的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Eugenol as a Seed Treatment for Controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Seeds Under Controlled Environmental Agriculture 丁香酚对环境农业条件下罗勒种子中大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的防治作用

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643

Liliana Avaroma , Angela M. Walla , Ronny Barrera , Leslie D. Thompson , Catherine Simpson

Recent foodborne outbreaks linked to basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) highlight the urgent need for effective intervention strategies covering the entire production cycle from seed to harvest. Foodborne pathogens, particularly E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, pose significant public health risks when associated with fresh produce. Seeds serve as a primary vector for pathogen transmission, with contamination often originating from irrigation water, manure, or cross-contamination during handling. Traditional seed disinfection methods, such as chlorine-based treatments and hydrogen peroxide, have limited efficacy in reducing pathogens while maintaining seed viability. Eugenol has been shown to be an effective foodborne pathogen intervention in a variety of produce types. This study investigates the potential of eugenol (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%), a phenolic monoterpenoid, as a seed treatment to control E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium and quality parameters on basil seeds over 14 days. All eugenol concentrations reduced pathogen loads by 4–5 log CFU/g at hr 0. However, antimicrobial efficacy declined significantly over time, with regrowth observed by 48 hrs, resulting in microbial levels not significantly different from the untreated control (p > 0.05). The 0.5% eugenol treatment consistently minimized negative impacts on germination rates (p > 0.05) and biomass (p < 0.05), offering the best balance between microbial control and plant health. These results underscore eugenol’s potential as a short-term surface disinfectant for basil seeds and emphasize the need for combined strategies to sustain long-term efficacy.

最近与罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L.）有关的食源性暴发突出表明迫切需要有效的干预策略，涵盖从种子到收获的整个生产周期。食源性病原体，特别是大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，在与新鲜农产品相关联时构成重大公共卫生风险。种子是病原体传播的主要媒介，其污染通常来自灌溉用水、粪便或处理过程中的交叉污染。传统的种子消毒方法，如氯基处理和过氧化氢，在减少病原体的同时保持种子活力方面效果有限。丁香酚已被证明是一种有效的食源性病原体干预多种农产品类型。研究了酚类单萜类化合物丁香酚（0.5%、0.75%、1.0%）作为控制大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的种子处理的潜力，以及对罗勒种子14 d的质量参数。在hr 0时，所有丁香酚浓度均可使病原体负荷降低4-5 log CFU/g。然而，随着时间的推移，抗菌效果显著下降，在48小时后观察到再生，导致微生物水平与未处理的对照组无显著差异（p > 0.05）。0.5%丁香酚处理对发芽率（p < 0.05）和生物量的负面影响持续最小化（p < 0.05），提供了微生物控制和植物健康之间的最佳平衡。这些结果强调了丁香酚作为罗勒种子短期表面消毒剂的潜力，并强调了维持长期功效的综合策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Control of Listeria monocytogenes With Undissociated Organic Acids: Staged Evaluation in Broth, Milk, and a Proof-of-Concept Surface Application on Queso Fresco 用未解离的有机酸控制单核增生李斯特菌：在肉汤、牛奶中的阶段性评价，以及在干酪上表面应用的概念验证。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100667

Zoe Andersen , Samantha Kilgore , Joy Waite-Cusic , Jovana Kovacevic

Queso fresco (QF) is a high-moisture, near-neutral pH fresh cheese that supports the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage. This study evaluated whether delivering undissociated organic acid (UDA) can suppress L. monocytogenes across staged systems: broth, milk, and QF surface. Four dairy L. monocytogenes strains and Scott A were grown in non-pH-adjusted brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing acetic (AA; total acid: 10–25 mM, pH: 5.24–6.81), lactic (LA; total acid: 20–40 mM, pH: 4.27–6.35), or propionic acid (PA; total acid: 2–25 mM, pH: 5.10–6.89). Growth (OD_595nm) was modeled (Logistic 4P model, JMP Pro18) to estimate lag phase duration (LPD), and the pH of treatments was used to calculate the UDA. LPD increased with total acid concentration and correlated significantly with UDA for AA and PA, whereas LA effects were pH-dependent (p < 0.05). UDA targets (0, 2, 5, mM) from the broth screen were then applied in milk, with AA and PA slightly inhibiting growth of L. monocytogenes at low UDA (2 mM - pH: AA 5.93; PA 6.39), and controlling growth at high UDA concentrations (5 mM - pH: AA 5.39; PA 5.61). In contrast, LA inhibited growth only at low pH (4.62 ± 0.06). To assess the effect of UDA on QF, cubes of cheese (20 g; 3.81 × 3.81 cm) were surface-treated (20 min) with AA or PA to achieve low (<20 mM), moderate (40–50 mM), or high (>100 mM) UDA, inoculated with a five-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail (3 log CFU/g), vacuum-packaged, and stored at 7 °C for 28 days. In untreated, low and moderate groups, L. monocytogenes increased by >1 log CFU/g (Harlequin Listeria agar; 37 °C, 48 h), whereas high UDA treatments were bacteriostatic throughout storage. At sufficient UDA levels, AA and PA suppressed L. monocytogenes growth on near-neutral-pH QF, while LA efficacy depended on pH. These findings support targeted, surface-directed UDA interventions to suppress L. monocytogenes on QF without lowering bulk product pH.

Queso fresco （QF）是一种高水分，pH值接近中性的新鲜奶酪，在冷藏储存期间支持单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生长。本研究评估了递送未解离有机酸（UDA）是否可以在不同阶段的系统中抑制单核细胞增生乳杆菌：肉汤、牛奶和QF表面。在不调节pH的脑心灌注（BHI）肉汤中培养4株乳酸菌和Scott A，肉汤中分别含有乙酸（AA，总酸：10-25 mM， pH: 5.24-6.81）、乳酸（LA，总酸：20-40 mM， pH: 4.27-6.35）和丙酸（PA，总酸：2-25 mM， pH: 5.10-6.89）。生长（OD595nm）模型（Logistic 4P模型，JMP Pro18）估计滞后期（LPD），并使用处理的pH值计算UDA。AA和PA的LPD随总酸浓度升高而升高，且与UDA显著相关，而LA的影响则依赖于ph （p < 0.05）。然后将肉汤筛选的UDA靶点（0,2,5,mM）施用于牛奶中，AA和PA在低UDA （2 mM - pH: AA 5.93; PA 6.39）下轻度抑制单核增生乳杆菌的生长，在高UDA浓度（5 mM - pH: AA 5.39; PA 5.61）下抑制生长。相比之下，LA仅在低pH（4.62±0.06）下抑制生长。为了评估UDA对QF的影响，用AA或PA对奶酪立方体（20 g; 3.81x3.81 cm）进行表面处理（20分钟），以达到低（100 mM） UDA，接种5株单核细胞增生乳杆菌鸡尾酒（3 log CFU/g），真空包装，并在7°C下保存28天。在未经处理的低和中等剂量组中，单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Harlequin Listeria agar, 37°C, 48 h）增加了bb0.1 log CFU/g，而高剂量组在整个储存过程中都具有抑菌作用。在足够的UDA水平下，AA和PA在接近中性pH的QF上抑制了单核细胞增生乳杆菌的生长，而LA的效果取决于pH。这些发现支持靶向、表面导向的UDA干预，在不降低原料药pH的情况下抑制QF上的单核细胞增生乳杆菌。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Hidden Risks: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Vegetables Irrigated with Kalobe Wastewater Stabilization Ponds, Mbeya, Tanzania 揭露隐藏的风险：用Kalobe废水稳定池灌溉的土壤和蔬菜中的重金属浓度，姆贝亚，坦桑尼亚。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100653

Azaria Stephano Lameck , Dickson Mlelwa , John Chagu , Victor Sanga , Melkizedeck Hiiti Tsere , Gisandu K. Malunguja , Alinanuswe Joel Mwakalesi

This study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals in wastewater, soil, and tomatoes and Napa cabbage irrigated with effluent from the Kalobe Wastewater Stabilization Pond (KWWSP) in Mbeya, Tanzania. Human health risks were assessed using Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) indices. The results showed that cadmium (Cd) in all ponds was below the FAO/WHO permissible limits, while lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) were below detection levels. Heavy metals in soil were found in the order of Pb (5.95 mg/kg) > Cr (0.63 mg/kg) > Cd (0.25 mg/kg), all within FAO/WHO acceptable limits, indicating suitability for agricultural use. Cd levels in Tomatoes (0.14 mg/kg) and Napa cabbage (0.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits. Cr levels in the Tomato and Napa Cabbage were 1.87 and 2.10 mg/kg, respectively, and were close to the safety threshold, suggesting health concerns with long-term consumption. Cd exposure through vegetable intake was within but near acceptable limits, while Cr exposure, particularly for Napa cabbage, exceeded recommended safety thresholds. This resulted in elevated noncarcinogenic risks (THQ and HI > 1) and carcinogenic risks (TCR above the USEPA’s acceptable range). These findings suggest that consuming wastewater-irrigated Tomatoes and Napa cabbage may pose human health risks. Continuous monitoring of heavy metals, safe irrigation alternatives, and cropping restrictions using inadequately treated wastewater is essential to safeguard public health and long-term environmental sustainability.

本研究评估了坦桑尼亚姆贝亚Kalobe废水稳定池（KWWSP）出水灌溉的废水、土壤以及西红柿和纳帕卷心菜中的重金属浓度。采用慢性每日摄入量（CDI）、目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和目标癌症风险（TCR）指数评估人类健康风险。结果表明，所有池塘的镉（Cd）含量均低于FAO/WHO允许限量，铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）含量均低于检测水平。土壤中重金属含量为Pb (5.95 mg/kg) > Cr (0.63 mg/kg) > Cd (0.25 mg/kg)，均在粮农组织/世卫组织可接受限度内，表明适合农业使用。西红柿（0.14毫克/公斤）和纳帕卷心菜（0.40毫克/公斤）中的镉含量超过了允许限度。番茄和白菜的Cr含量分别为1.87和2.10 mg/kg，接近安全阈值，表明长期食用存在健康问题。通过蔬菜摄入的镉暴露在可接受范围内，但接近可接受范围，但铬暴露，特别是纳帕卷心菜，超过了建议的安全阈值。这导致非致癌性风险（THQ和HI bbb1）和致癌性风险（TCR高于USEPA的可接受范围）升高。这些发现表明，食用废水灌溉的西红柿和纳帕卷心菜可能会对人体健康构成威胁。持续监测重金属、安全灌溉替代方案和使用未经充分处理的废水的种植限制，对于保障公众健康和长期环境可持续性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationships Between Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Older Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh 结构方程模型之间的食品安全知识，态度和做法之间的关系的老年人在达卡，孟加拉国。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100649

Aysha Siddiky , Sultan Mahmud Imran , Abdullah Al Adib , Nitai Roy

Assessing food safety perceptions among older adults is crucial because their increased susceptibility to foodborne illnesses is primarily attributed to a decline in immune function. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to food safety among older adults in Bangladesh, with a focus on understanding the relationships between these factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to February 2024 to evaluate food safety KAP among 389 participants (mean age 67.70 ± 7.132) in various areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh, through structured, face-to-face interviews. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to validate the model, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted using the extracted valid items for KAP. Overall, older adults exhibited a moderate level of knowledge; however, gaps were identified in specific areas, as more than half of the respondents were unaware of proper cooking temperatures, reheating guidelines, and cross-contamination. However, a large proportion of the respondents demonstrated a positive attitude toward food safety. Overall, self-reported food safety practices among older adults were adequate, as most respondents followed good hygiene practices and reheated cooked food after removal from the refrigerator. Both knowledge of food safety and attitudes toward food safety had a positive and significant impact on the self-reported food safety practices of the respondents. Knowledge and attitude towards food safety were also correlated with each other, and if food safety knowledge increased in these respondents, attitudes toward food safety would also improve. All of our hypotheses (H1, H2, and H3) were supported by the findings of this study. In conclusion, enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward food safety can lead to improved food safety practices among older adults, helping them prevent foodborne illnesses.

评估老年人的食品安全观念至关重要，因为他们对食源性疾病的易感性增加主要归因于免疫功能下降。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国老年人与食品安全相关的知识、态度和实践（KAP），重点是了解这些因素之间的关系。本研究于2024年1月至2024年2月进行了一项横断面研究，通过结构化的面对面访谈，对孟加拉国达卡不同地区的389名参与者（平均年龄67.70±7.132岁）进行了食品安全KAP评估。采用探索性因子分析和结构方程模型对模型进行验证，并利用提取的KAP有效项目进行验证性因子分析。总体而言，老年人表现出中等水平的知识；然而，在特定领域发现了差距，因为超过一半的受访者不知道适当的烹饪温度、再加热指南和交叉污染。然而，很大一部分受访者对食品安全持积极态度。总体而言，老年人自我报告的食品安全实践是足够的，因为大多数受访者遵循良好的卫生习惯，并在从冰箱中取出熟食后重新加热。食品安全知识和食品安全态度对受访者自我报告的食品安全行为都有积极而显著的影响。食品安全知识与食品安全态度也存在相关关系，如果受访者的食品安全知识增加，对食品安全的态度也会有所改善。我们所有的假设（H1， H2和H3）都得到了本研究结果的支持。总之，加强对食品安全的知识和态度可以改善老年人的食品安全做法，帮助他们预防食源性疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on the Recovery of Peanut, Milk, and Gluten Residue from Environmental Swabs 贮存时间和温度对环境棉签中花生、牛奶和面筋渣回收的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645

Jessica Humphrey, Shyamali Jayasena, Steve L. Taylor, Joseph L. Baumert

Food companies utilize environmental swabs in production facilities to validate cleaning procedures and ensure food products and food contact surfaces contain no detectable residues of unintentional food allergens. When swabs are sent to third−party laboratories as part of cleaning validation trials, the current recommendation is to ship swabs on ice with same-day shipping. However, with unforeseen delays, the temperature and duration of storage exert unknown effects on the recovery of allergen residues from swabs. The recovery of three allergenic food residues (peanut, milk, gluten) from Neogen Environmental Swabs following storage at specified temperatures and times was evaluated. Extracts of 25, 50, and 100 ppm (mg/L) peanut flour, nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and gluten (an additional 10 ppm (mg/L) spike was included for gluten) were prepared and spiked onto the swabs that were then stored at room temperature, 37 °C, 4 °C, and −20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Subsequently, swabs were tested using two commercial ELISA methods (Neogen Veratox® and Morinaga) for each allergenic food. Higher and more stable recovery was obtained throughout the 14-day period across all three allergenic foods when tested using the Morinaga kits by comparison to the Veratox kits. For peanut and milk recovery from swabs analyzed using the Veratox kit, the greatest decrease in recovery was observed from day 0 to day 1. Gluten−spiked swabs tested with the Veratox kit did not demonstrate significant variability in recovery over time. Overall, higher recoveries were observed when swabs were stored at lower temperatures. These results indicate that swabs should be transported and stored at 4 °C or −20 °C until analysis. However, these results are limited to the Neogen Environmental Swabs and the ELISA kits evaluated in the current study. Further evaluation of additional protein targets, ELISA kits, and swab types is warranted to determine if these results are consistent for alternate targets, extractions, and swab types.

食品公司在生产设施中使用环境棉签来验证清洁程序，并确保食品和食品接触表面不含可检测到的无意中食物过敏原残留。当拭子作为清洁验证试验的一部分被送到第三方实验室时，目前的建议是用冰块运输拭子，当天发货。然而，由于不可预见的延迟，储存的温度和持续时间对拭子中过敏原残留物的回收产生未知的影响。在规定的温度和时间下，从Neogen环境拭子中回收三种致敏性食物残留物（花生、牛奶、麸质）进行了评估。制备25、50和100 ppm （mg/L）花生面粉、脱脂干牛奶（NFDM）和谷蛋白（谷蛋白包括额外的10 ppm （mg/L）穗）的提取物，并将其添加到拭子上，然后在室温、37°C、4°C和-20°C下保存0、1、3、5、7、10和14天。随后，使用两种商用ELISA方法（Neogen Veratox®和Morinaga）对每个致敏食物进行拭子测试。与Veratox试剂盒相比，使用森永试剂盒对所有三种致敏性食物进行了14天的测试，获得了更高和更稳定的恢复。对于使用Veratox试剂盒分析的棉签中花生和牛奶的回收率，从第0天到第1天观察到回收率的最大下降。用Veratox试剂盒测试的麸质刺拭子在恢复过程中没有表现出显著的变化。总的来说，当拭子在较低的温度下储存时，观察到更高的回收率。这些结果表明，拭子应在4°C或-20°C下运输和储存，直到分析。然而，这些结果仅限于在当前研究中评估的Neogen环境拭子和ELISA试剂盒。进一步评估其他蛋白靶点、ELISA试剂盒和拭子类型是必要的，以确定这些结果是否与替代靶点、提取和拭子类型一致。

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引用次数: 0

The Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network: 15 Years of Promoting Human and Animal Health by Collaborating with the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Community 兽医实验室调查和反应网络：与兽医诊断实验室社区合作促进人类和动物健康的15年。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100625

Sarah M. Nemser , Olgica Ceric , Jake Guag , Sarah Pauley , Angelica Jones , Kathleen Proia , Megan R Miller , Andriy Tkachenko , David Rotstein , April Hodges , Renate Reimschuessel , Gregory H. Tyson

The Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), a collaborative network established in 2010, is a partnership between the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA CVM) and 48 veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) across North America. Vet-LIRN actively supports the CVM mission of protecting human and animal health by leveraging its network of VDLs. Initially focused on issues in animal foods, including by testing animal diagnostic samples, Vet-LIRN now addresses a broad range of CVM’s priorities. These include responding to animal foodborne illness outbreaks, developing new methods to detect potential microbial and chemical contaminants in animal foods, tracking antimicrobial resistance (AMR), promoting antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine, and preparing for emerging One Health threats such as COVID-19 and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). Over the past 15 years, Vet-LIRN has played a pivotal role in many high-profile and important public health success stories, such as responding to multidrug-resistant Campylobacter outbreaks in puppies, aflatoxin contamination in pet food, Salmonella in pig ear treats, and botulinum toxin in alfalfa cubes. Additionally, Vet-LIRN’s AMR monitoring program collects data to understand AMR trends and assist in the response to foodborne and zoonotic outbreaks. Through collaboration with other key stakeholders such as CVM regulatory colleagues and external partners at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vet-LIRN ensures rapid responses to critical issues. Looking ahead, Vet-LIRN remains dedicated to continuous improvements, reinforcing its commitment to the sustained protection of human and animal health.

兽医实验室调查和反应网络（vet - linn）是一个成立于2010年的合作网络，是美国食品和药物管理局兽医中心（FDA CVM）与北美48个兽医诊断实验室（vdl）之间的合作伙伴关系。vet - linn积极支持CVM保护人类和动物健康的使命，利用其vdl网络。vet - linn最初专注于动物性食品问题，包括通过测试动物诊断样本，现在解决了CVM的广泛优先事项。这些挑战包括应对动物食源性疾病暴发，开发检测动物性食品中潜在微生物和化学污染物的新方法，追踪抗微生物药物耐药性，促进兽药中的抗微生物药物管理，以及为COVID-19和高致病性禽流感等新出现的“同一健康”威胁做好准备。在过去的15年里，vet - linn在许多引人注目和重要的公共卫生成功案例中发挥了关键作用，例如应对幼犬多重耐药弯曲杆菌爆发，宠物食品中的黄曲霉毒素污染，猪耳中的沙门氏菌，以及苜蓿块中的肉毒杆菌毒素。此外，vet - lin的抗菌素耐药性监测计划收集数据，以了解抗菌素耐药性趋势，并协助应对食源性和人畜共患病暴发。通过与其他主要利益攸关方（如CVM监管同事以及美国农业部（USDA）和疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的外部合作伙伴）的合作，vet - linn确保对关键问题作出快速反应。展望未来，vet - lin将继续致力于不断改进，加强其对持续保护人类和动物健康的承诺。

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引用次数: 0

Fitness Factors and Siderophores Influence the Survival of E. coli in Reused Broiler Litter 适合度因子和铁载体影响重复使用肉鸡粪中大肠杆菌的存活。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100671

Taejung Chung , Adelumola Oladeinde , Reed Woyda , Samiru S. Wickramasuriya , Joshua M. Lyte , Rohana Liyanage , Michael Rothrock , Xiang Li , Sohyun Cho , Jodie Plumblee Lawrence , Dinku Endale , Timothy Strickland , Zaid Abdo

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacterium in poultry that can exhibit virulence toward poultry and humans, and harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence factor (VF) genes. This study characterized 217 E. coli isolates recovered from reused broiler litter across three successive flocks from four broiler houses to identify associations between fitness factors (AMR and VF genes) and management (flock cohort, house, section, area, and grow-out period) or environmental (house temperature, litter pH, and moisture content) factors. Different E. coli strains were identified across flocks, with phylogenetic groups A and B1 being the most prevalent. A few sequence types, such as ST10, ST212, and, ST117 were frequently observed across flocks. Isolates from the first flock harbored more fitness factors, including siderophore biosynthesis operons such as yersiniabactin (ybt, 15/64), aerobactin (iuc, 32/64), and salmochelin (iro, 23/64), ColV plasmids (28/64), class 1 integrase gene (intI1) (12/64) and metal resistance genes than flock 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), suggesting that these genetic elements may be required for adaptation to a naïve environment. Transcriptional and proteome analyses found that the majority of ST117 strains repressed siderophore gene expression and proteins needed for growth and acid/oxidative stress response under acidified CuSO₄ exposure (∼180 ppm), except for one strain (TE207) that showed significantly enhanced fitness. This study highlights the heterogeneity of fitness factors that E. coli may employ to persist in broiler chicken houses and underscores the role of litter management practices in controlling pathogens in poultry production.

大肠杆菌（E. coli）是家禽中常见的细菌，可对家禽和人类表现出毒力，并携带抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）和毒力因子（VF）基因。本研究对来自4个鸡舍的连续3个鸡群的重复使用肉鸡窝中回收的217株大肠杆菌进行了分析，以确定适合度因素（AMR和VF基因）与管理（鸡群、鸡舍、断面、面积和生长期）或环境因素（鸡舍温度、窝窝pH值和水分含量）之间的关系。在鸡群中鉴定出不同的大肠杆菌菌株，系统发育群A和B1最为普遍。在鸡群中经常观察到ST10、ST212和ST117等几种序列类型。与第2群和第3群相比，第1群的菌株含有更多的适合度因子，包括铁载体生物合成操纵子，如yersinabactin （ybt, 15/64）、有氧肌动蛋白（iuc, 32/64）和salmochelin （iro, 23/64）、ColV质粒（28/64）、1类整合酶基因（intI1）（12/64）和金属抗性基因（p < 0.05），这表明这些遗传因子可能是适应naïve环境所必需的。转录和蛋白质组学分析发现，大多数ST117菌株在酸化CuSO4暴露下抑制了铁载体基因表达和生长和酸/氧化应激反应所需的蛋白质，只有一个菌株（TE207）显示出显著增强的适应性。本研究强调了大肠杆菌在肉鸡舍中持续存在的适合度因子的异质性，并强调了在家禽生产中控制病原体的产仔管理实践的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Court Cold Noodles and Associated Contact Surfaces in Korea 韩国食品广场冷面及相关接触面中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的流行及特征。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100661

Jeong-Eun Lee, Min Joo Kim, Juhee Park, Yong Sun Cho

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can survive at refrigerated temperatures. However, data on L. monocytogenes contamination in food court settings are lacking. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in cold food court noodles and their manufacturing environments in South Korea. One hundred eighty-two samples, including 168 ready-to-eat (RTE) cold noodle products, 1 noodle, 1 cold noodle broth, 4 garnishes, and 8 environmental swab samples, were collected from 44 large supermarket food courts and analyzed to isolate L. monocytogenes. Isolation was performed through selective enrichment followed by plating on PALCAM and ALOA agar, and identification was confirmed by PCR. Serotyping was performed using conventional antisera agglutination and PCR-based serogrouping, and molecular characterization was conducted through multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using seven housekeeping genes, detection of ten virulence genes by PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the E-test method. Listeria monocytogenes was exclusively isolated from the cold noodle broth of six samples. Serotyping identified three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c), predominantly belonging to Lineage II, and MLST classified the isolates into ST9 and ST87, which are associated with food processing environments and linked to human infections, respectively. All isolates carried multiple virulence genes and exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, oxacillin, and tetracycline while remaining susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin. These findings underscore the critical need for rigorous hygiene management in the production and distribution of cold noodles, particularly in the handling of cold noodle broth. Given the persistence of L. monocytogenes in food-processing environments, continuous monitoring and enhanced sanitation protocols are essential to mitigate contamination risks in RTE food products.

单核细胞增生李斯特菌是一种食源性病原体，可以在冷藏温度下存活。然而，关于食品广场环境中单核增生乳杆菌污染的数据是缺乏的。我们调查了韩国冷食广场面中单核增生乳杆菌的流行和特征及其生产环境。从44个大型超市食品广场采集了168个即食冷面产品、1个面食、1个冷面肉汤、4个配菜和8个环境棉签样品，共182个样品进行了单增李斯特菌分离分析。选择富集后分别镀于PALCAM和ALOA琼脂上，进行PCR鉴定。采用常规抗血清凝集法和基于PCR的血清分型方法进行血清分型，采用7个管家基因的多位点序列分型（MLST）、PCR检测10个毒力基因、E-test法进行抗生素药敏试验进行分子鉴定。从6份样品的冷面汤汁中分离出单增李斯特菌。血清分型鉴定出三种血清型（1/2a、1/2b和1/2c），主要属于谱系II， MLST将分离株分类为ST9和ST87，它们分别与食品加工环境有关，与人类感染有关。所有分离株均携带多种毒力基因，对环丙沙星、克林霉素、恶西林和四环素耐药，对β-内酰胺类抗生素和万古霉素敏感。这些发现强调了在冷面的生产和销售中，特别是在冷面肉汤的处理中，严格卫生管理的迫切需要。鉴于单增李斯特菌在食品加工环境中的持久性，持续监测和加强卫生协议对于减轻RTE食品中的污染风险至关重要。

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引用次数: 0