Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22059/IJHST.2020.314562.422
O. Lastochkina, D. Garshina, Ch. R. Allagulova, L. Pusenkova, S. Garipova, D. Maslennikova, K. Fedorova, I. Shpirnaya, A. Ibragimov, I. Koryakov, A. Sakhapova, Guzel Yuldasbaeva, A. Dmitrieva, M. Sobhani, S. Aliniaeifard
Beneficial microorganisms which help plants to grow better especially under stress conditions are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). These biotic agents, especially Bacillus subtilis have well-known role in plant growth promotion and induction of tolerance to stress in plants. They are deemed to act as bio-active and eco-friendly agents to facilitate plant growth under stressful conditions and even to control postharvest decays. Microbial antagonists, including B. subtilis, effectively control postharvest diseases of different fruits, vegetables and flowers, which is manifested in prolonged storage period and shelf/vase life, while preserving qualities and reducing weight losses. In this review paper we highlight the potential benefit of PGPBs especially B. subtilis, as important biotic useful agents to help horticultural plant perform better under stressful conditions and to delay senescence and control the postharvest deterioration through activation of different defense mechanisms. We further elaborate the underlying mechanisms that PGPB used to help plants to cope with stressful conditions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of PGPB especially B. subtilis action requires further detailed investigations to fully utilize their potentials in horticulture industry.
{"title":"Potential Aspects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria to Improve Horticultural Crop Production","authors":"O. Lastochkina, D. Garshina, Ch. R. Allagulova, L. Pusenkova, S. Garipova, D. Maslennikova, K. Fedorova, I. Shpirnaya, A. Ibragimov, I. Koryakov, A. Sakhapova, Guzel Yuldasbaeva, A. Dmitrieva, M. Sobhani, S. Aliniaeifard","doi":"10.22059/IJHST.2020.314562.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2020.314562.422","url":null,"abstract":"Beneficial microorganisms which help plants to grow better especially under stress conditions are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). These biotic agents, especially Bacillus subtilis have well-known role in plant growth promotion and induction of tolerance to stress in plants. They are deemed to act as bio-active and eco-friendly agents to facilitate plant growth under stressful conditions and even to control postharvest decays. Microbial antagonists, including B. subtilis, effectively control postharvest diseases of different fruits, vegetables and flowers, which is manifested in prolonged storage period and shelf/vase life, while preserving qualities and reducing weight losses. In this review paper we highlight the potential benefit of PGPBs especially B. subtilis, as important biotic useful agents to help horticultural plant perform better under stressful conditions and to delay senescence and control the postharvest deterioration through activation of different defense mechanisms. We further elaborate the underlying mechanisms that PGPB used to help plants to cope with stressful conditions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of PGPB especially B. subtilis action requires further detailed investigations to fully utilize their potentials in horticulture industry.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"103-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87444874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22059/IJHST.2020.297885.345
Fatemeh Heidarian, P. Roshandel
To evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on seed germination of black bean plant under saline conditions, seeds were primed with salicylic acid (0, 2, 10, and 20 mM) and germinated under salt stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl). The measured parameters included the percentage and rate of seed germination, seedling length and dry weight, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, and activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in the seedlings. Results showed the values of germination indices decreased with increasing the level of salt stress. However, SA priming (10 mM) alleviated the harmful effects of salt stress in black bean. SA increased seed germination percentage by 72% and 45% at 50 and 100 mM NaCl respectively, compared to the control condition. Germination rate augmented by 33% (at 50 mM NaCl) and 60% (at 100 mM NaCl) by SA priming compared to the seeds exposed to salt stress alone. Seedlings dry weight (+ 51% at 50 mM and + 34% at 100 mM) and length (+ 57% at 50 mM and + 29% at 100 mM NaCl) were significantly higher by priming with 10 mM salicylic acid, compared to exclusively salt stress-treated seeds. SA priming increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in salt stressed black bean seedlings. In conclusion, salicylic acid priming (particularly at 10 mM) enhances salt tolerance in black bean via lessening of oxidative stress.
为了研究水杨酸(SA)对盐渍条件下黑豆种子萌发的影响，分别用水杨酸(0、2、10和20 mM)和盐胁迫(0、50和100 mM NaCl)对黑豆种子进行萌发处理。测定的参数包括种子发芽率和发芽率、幼苗长和干重、丙二醛和过氧化氢水平以及幼苗过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和愈创木酚过氧化物酶的活性。结果表明，随着盐胁迫水平的升高，发芽指数逐渐降低。而SA启动(10 mM)可减轻黑豆盐胁迫的危害。在50和100 mM NaCl处理下，SA分别使种子萌发率提高了72%和45%。与单独处理盐胁迫相比，SA处理的种子萌发率分别提高了33% (50 mM NaCl)和60% (100 mM NaCl)。与单纯盐胁迫处理的种子相比，10 mM水杨酸处理的幼苗干重(50 mM + 51%， 100 mM + 34%)和长度(50 mM + 57%， 100 mM + 29%)显著提高。SA注入可提高黑豆幼苗抗氧化酶活性，降低脂质过氧化和过氧化氢水平。综上所述，水杨酸(特别是10 mM)通过减轻氧化应激增强了黑豆的耐盐性。
{"title":"Salicylic acid improves tolerance against salt stress through boosting antioxidant defense system in black bean.","authors":"Fatemeh Heidarian, P. Roshandel","doi":"10.22059/IJHST.2020.297885.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2020.297885.345","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on seed germination of black bean plant under saline conditions, seeds were primed with salicylic acid (0, 2, 10, and 20 mM) and germinated under salt stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl). The measured parameters included the percentage and rate of seed germination, seedling length and dry weight, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, and activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in the seedlings. Results showed the values of germination indices decreased with increasing the level of salt stress. However, SA priming (10 mM) alleviated the harmful effects of salt stress in black bean. SA increased seed germination percentage by 72% and 45% at 50 and 100 mM NaCl respectively, compared to the control condition. Germination rate augmented by 33% (at 50 mM NaCl) and 60% (at 100 mM NaCl) by SA priming compared to the seeds exposed to salt stress alone. Seedlings dry weight (+ 51% at 50 mM and + 34% at 100 mM) and length (+ 57% at 50 mM and + 29% at 100 mM NaCl) were significantly higher by priming with 10 mM salicylic acid, compared to exclusively salt stress-treated seeds. SA priming increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in salt stressed black bean seedlings. In conclusion, salicylic acid priming (particularly at 10 mM) enhances salt tolerance in black bean via lessening of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78816780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22059/IJHST.2020.314445.421
M. Hossain
Planting date is an important factor which directly related to crop production in a specific area. Different planting time may affect crop yield and quality due to varying climatic conditions at different stages of crop growth and development. The present experiment was laid out to investigate the effect of planting date at an interval of 15 days during winter season of 2019-20 on the yield and quality of cherry tomato. The potentiality of fruiting in the winter season was evaluated by planting on November 15, November 30, December 15, December 30 and January 14. Data on yield and quality attributes of cherry tomato like plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (g), yield (t ha-1), TSS (%), pH and vitamin C contents (mg 100 g-1) were recorded. Results revealed that planting time had significant effects on the yield and quality parameters of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato performed better on 30 November planting date in respect of yield and vitamin C content due to favorable climatic conditions at different growing stages as per requirements that may lead to higher yield and quality of fruits.
{"title":"Effect of Planting Time on the Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme)","authors":"M. Hossain","doi":"10.22059/IJHST.2020.314445.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2020.314445.421","url":null,"abstract":"Planting date is an important factor which directly related to crop production in a specific area. Different planting time may affect crop yield and quality due to varying climatic conditions at different stages of crop growth and development. The present experiment was laid out to investigate the effect of planting date at an interval of 15 days during winter season of 2019-20 on the yield and quality of cherry tomato. The potentiality of fruiting in the winter season was evaluated by planting on November 15, November 30, December 15, December 30 and January 14. Data on yield and quality attributes of cherry tomato like plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (g), yield (t ha-1), TSS (%), pH and vitamin C contents (mg 100 g-1) were recorded. Results revealed that planting time had significant effects on the yield and quality parameters of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato performed better on 30 November planting date in respect of yield and vitamin C content due to favorable climatic conditions at different growing stages as per requirements that may lead to higher yield and quality of fruits.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22059/IJHST.2020.309296.385
Ganih Indin Sappalani, L. M. Cabahug, Vences C. Valleser
One of the best interventions to hasten seed germination and seedling development is the exogenous application of phytohormone. This study evaluated the germination and seedling development of rubber seeds in response to gibberellic acid (GA3) and organic growth media under nursery condition. The experiment was arranged in a 4x3 factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Growth media (including: top soil, TS; TS + rice hull, RH; TS + chicken dung, CD; TS + vermicast, VC) were considered as Factor A, and different concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, and 100 ppm) were comprised as the Factor B. Newly fallen seeds (with no defects) from existing ‘RRIM 600’ rubber tree plantation were collected and used in the experiment. Seeds were subjected to float in GA3 solutions based on corresponding treatments for 18 h prior to sowing in different organic growth media. GA3 (100 ppm) led to the earliest emergence, highest germination percentage and normal seedlings with least mortality. The TS+VC was the best growth media influencing germination. The TS+VC media regardless of the concentration of GA3 caused 100% normal seedlings. Likewise, the combination of TS+CD as growth media and 100 ppm of GA3 also produced promising percentage of normal seedlings of rubber with 97.33%. Seedling mortality was lessen using the combination of TS+VC as growth media and 100 ppm GA3. Generally, application of 100 ppm GA3 and top soil mixed with vermicast as growth media provoked better seed germination and early seedling development in rubber.
{"title":"Impact of Gibberellic Acid and Organic Growth Media on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)","authors":"Ganih Indin Sappalani, L. M. Cabahug, Vences C. Valleser","doi":"10.22059/IJHST.2020.309296.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2020.309296.385","url":null,"abstract":"One of the best interventions to hasten seed germination and seedling development is the exogenous application of phytohormone. This study evaluated the germination and seedling development of rubber seeds in response to gibberellic acid (GA3) and organic growth media under nursery condition. The experiment was arranged in a 4x3 factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Growth media (including: top soil, TS; TS + rice hull, RH; TS + chicken dung, CD; TS + vermicast, VC) were considered as Factor A, and different concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, and 100 ppm) were comprised as the Factor B. Newly fallen seeds (with no defects) from existing ‘RRIM 600’ rubber tree plantation were collected and used in the experiment. Seeds were subjected to float in GA3 solutions based on corresponding treatments for 18 h prior to sowing in different organic growth media. GA3 (100 ppm) led to the earliest emergence, highest germination percentage and normal seedlings with least mortality. The TS+VC was the best growth media influencing germination. The TS+VC media regardless of the concentration of GA3 caused 100% normal seedlings. Likewise, the combination of TS+CD as growth media and 100 ppm of GA3 also produced promising percentage of normal seedlings of rubber with 97.33%. Seedling mortality was lessen using the combination of TS+VC as growth media and 100 ppm GA3. Generally, application of 100 ppm GA3 and top soil mixed with vermicast as growth media provoked better seed germination and early seedling development in rubber.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"164 1","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77214057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22059/IJHST.2020.295041.332
Zohre Rohi Vishekaii, A. Soleimani, A. Hasani, M. Ghasemnezhad, K. Rezaei, S. Kalanaky
Different sources of nitrogen fertilizers are being used in olive orchards, of which urea is widely used by olive growers. However, nano-chelated nitrogen (nano-N) is a newly found feature of the fertilizer with very little known information. In the current research, the impact of foliar spray of two nitrogen sources; urea (U) and nano-N on oil content and quality of olive cv. ‘Zard’ during two consecutive seasons were investigated. The olive trees were sprayed with 2.21 g (U1) and 2.95 g (U2), and 6 g nano-N1 and 8 g nano-N2 at several phenological stages of olive tree. The detailed observations showed that U1 significantly increased fruit yield. Monounsaturated fatty acid and the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid were increased by the nitrogen treatments, especially with nano-N2, whereas it decreased in the case of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The application of both fertilizer sources improved the leaf mineral compositions as well as the oil quality such as free fatty acids, peroxide activity, K232 and K270 extinction coefficients, the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Total phenolic content of the oil in olive trees sprayed with urea was lower than those treated with nano-N. In contrast, the oil antioxidant capacity was high in those trees treated with nano-N. Overall, the results showed that nano-fertilizer, especially nan-N2 treatment rather than urea, is an effective approach to improve oil quality.
橄榄园正在使用不同来源的氮肥，其中尿素被橄榄种植者广泛使用。然而，纳米螯合氮(nano-N)是一种新发现的肥料特征，对其了解甚少。在目前的研究中，叶面喷施两种氮源的影响;尿素(U)和纳米氮对橄榄含油量和品质的影响。“Zard”在连续两个季节进行了调查。在橄榄树的不同物候阶段分别喷洒2.21 g (U1)和2.95 g (U2)，以及6 g纳米n1和8 g纳米n2。详细观察表明，U1显著提高了果实产量。单不饱和脂肪酸和油酸/亚油酸比值随氮处理(尤其是纳米n2处理)的增加而增加，而饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸处理则降低。两种肥源的施用均改善了叶片矿物组成和油品质的变化，如游离脂肪酸、过氧化物活性、K232和K270消光系数、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素。施尿素处理的油品总酚含量低于施纳米氮处理的油品。相比之下，纳米氮处理的树木抗油能力较高。综上所述，纳米肥处理，尤其是纳米氮处理，是改善油品质的有效途径。
{"title":"Nano-Chelated Nitrogen Fertilizer as a New Replacement for Urea to Improve Olive Oil Quality","authors":"Zohre Rohi Vishekaii, A. Soleimani, A. Hasani, M. Ghasemnezhad, K. Rezaei, S. Kalanaky","doi":"10.22059/IJHST.2020.295041.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2020.295041.332","url":null,"abstract":"Different sources of nitrogen fertilizers are being used in olive orchards, of which urea is widely used by olive growers. However, nano-chelated nitrogen (nano-N) is a newly found feature of the fertilizer with very little known information. In the current research, the impact of foliar spray of two nitrogen sources; urea (U) and nano-N on oil content and quality of olive cv. ‘Zard’ during two consecutive seasons were investigated. The olive trees were sprayed with 2.21 g (U1) and 2.95 g (U2), and 6 g nano-N1 and 8 g nano-N2 at several phenological stages of olive tree. The detailed observations showed that U1 significantly increased fruit yield. Monounsaturated fatty acid and the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid were increased by the nitrogen treatments, especially with nano-N2, whereas it decreased in the case of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The application of both fertilizer sources improved the leaf mineral compositions as well as the oil quality such as free fatty acids, peroxide activity, K232 and K270 extinction coefficients, the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Total phenolic content of the oil in olive trees sprayed with urea was lower than those treated with nano-N. In contrast, the oil antioxidant capacity was high in those trees treated with nano-N. Overall, the results showed that nano-fertilizer, especially nan-N2 treatment rather than urea, is an effective approach to improve oil quality.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"191-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80968733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.22059/IJHS.2019.282762.1656
هانیه هادیزاده, علیرضا بابایی, لیلا سمیعی, علی خاکی صدیق و حسین سیفی
ایران با داشتن هفت گونه، سه زیرگونه و یک گونه هیبرید، سومین مرکز پراکنش جنس سریش میباشد. به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی درون و بینگونهای، 87 ژنوتیپ Eremurus متعلق به شش گونه شامل E. inderiensis، E. presicus، E. luteus، E. olgea، E. spectabilis و E. stenophyllus جمع آوری شده از نه استان از لحاظ صفات کمی و کیفی ریختشناسی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی نشان داد پنج مؤلفه، 96 درصد از تغییرات کل واریانس را توجیه می نمایند. طول خوشه، ساقه و ارتفاع گیاه، رنگ گل، تعداد برگ و شکل میوه از اجزای تشکیلدهنده مؤلفههای اصلی بودند. تجزیه خوشهای، ژنوتیپها را به شش گروه در سطح گونهای تقسیم نمود.جمعیتهای درون هر گروه از مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی بودند که بیانگر این است که ارتباطی بین الگوی کلاستر بر اساس صفات ریختی و توزیع جغرافیایی ژنوتیپها وجود نداشت. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد بین اکثر صفات کمی اندازهگیری شده همبستگی مثبت وجود داشت. بهطورکلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد ژنوتیپهای سریش از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه از تنوع بالایی برخوردار هستند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از دادههای ریختی، گونههای E. olgea و E. stenophyllus پتانسیل بهنژادی جهت تولید گل شاخهبریده و گونههای E. inderiensis، E. luteus، E. presicusفرصت بهنژادی جهت به کارگیری در باغهای صخره ای و فضای سبز را دارا میباشند.
{"title":"گروهبندی برخی ژنوتیپهای سریش (Eremurus spp.) ایران با استفاده از صفات ریختی","authors":"هانیه هادیزاده, علیرضا بابایی, لیلا سمیعی, علی خاکی صدیق و حسین سیفی","doi":"10.22059/IJHS.2019.282762.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2019.282762.1656","url":null,"abstract":"ایران با داشتن هفت گونه، سه زیرگونه و یک گونه هیبرید، سومین مرکز پراکنش جنس سریش میباشد. به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی درون و بینگونهای، 87 ژنوتیپ Eremurus متعلق به شش گونه شامل E. inderiensis، E. presicus، E. luteus، E. olgea، E. spectabilis و E. stenophyllus جمع آوری شده از نه استان از لحاظ صفات کمی و کیفی ریختشناسی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی نشان داد پنج مؤلفه، 96 درصد از تغییرات کل واریانس را توجیه می نمایند. طول خوشه، ساقه و ارتفاع گیاه، رنگ گل، تعداد برگ و شکل میوه از اجزای تشکیلدهنده مؤلفههای اصلی بودند. تجزیه خوشهای، ژنوتیپها را به شش گروه در سطح گونهای تقسیم نمود.جمعیتهای درون هر گروه از مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی بودند که بیانگر این است که ارتباطی بین الگوی کلاستر بر اساس صفات ریختی و توزیع جغرافیایی ژنوتیپها وجود نداشت. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد بین اکثر صفات کمی اندازهگیری شده همبستگی مثبت وجود داشت. بهطورکلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد ژنوتیپهای سریش از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه از تنوع بالایی برخوردار هستند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از دادههای ریختی، گونههای E. olgea و E. stenophyllus پتانسیل بهنژادی جهت تولید گل شاخهبریده و گونههای E. inderiensis، E. luteus، E. presicusفرصت بهنژادی جهت به کارگیری در باغهای صخره ای و فضای سبز را دارا میباشند.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"861-870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81932803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.22059/IJHS.2019.268615.1530
Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei, A. Ghanbari, M. Asgharipour, M. Ramroudi, M. Dahmardeh
Towards the cultivation of datura medicinal herb in a low cropping system, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station of Bayakola (Mazandaran), during 2016 and 2017. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition as a main plot at five levels (NPK, farmyard manure, compost, vermicompost and non-use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer as subplot at five levels (bio-phosphate, nitroxin, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nano-bioumik and non-application of bio and nano bio-fertilizer. Results showed that the highest plant height (172.21 cm), number of branches per plant (63.59), number of leaves per plant (230.99), total plant leaf area (6567.93 cm2), leaf dry weight (477.33 g/plant), chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid (1.806, 1.373 and 0.473 mg/g FW, respectively), total leaf carbohydrate (45.47 mg/g DW), seed protein (26.10 %), total alkaloids of leaf and seed (62.04 and 12.94 mg/g DW, respectively), number of fruits per plant (59.57), number of seeds per fruit (456.84), 1000 seeds weight (9.02 g) and seed yield (7927.4 Kg/ha) were belonged to the combination of vermicompost and nano-bioumik fertilizers treatments. Therefore, with respect to the necessity of producing medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and the high efficiency of vermicompost and nano bioumik combination treatment, using a load of it for two consecutive years are recommended for improving physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of thorn apple.
{"title":"Evaluation of physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.) under residual effect of conventional and low input cropping systems","authors":"Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei, A. Ghanbari, M. Asgharipour, M. Ramroudi, M. Dahmardeh","doi":"10.22059/IJHS.2019.268615.1530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2019.268615.1530","url":null,"abstract":"Towards the cultivation of datura medicinal herb in a low cropping system, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station of Bayakola (Mazandaran), during 2016 and 2017. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition as a main plot at five levels (NPK, farmyard manure, compost, vermicompost and non-use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer as subplot at five levels (bio-phosphate, nitroxin, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nano-bioumik and non-application of bio and nano bio-fertilizer. Results showed that the highest plant height (172.21 cm), number of branches per plant (63.59), number of leaves per plant (230.99), total plant leaf area (6567.93 cm2), leaf dry weight (477.33 g/plant), chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid (1.806, 1.373 and 0.473 mg/g FW, respectively), total leaf carbohydrate (45.47 mg/g DW), seed protein (26.10 %), total alkaloids of leaf and seed (62.04 and 12.94 mg/g DW, respectively), number of fruits per plant (59.57), number of seeds per fruit (456.84), 1000 seeds weight (9.02 g) and seed yield (7927.4 Kg/ha) were belonged to the combination of vermicompost and nano-bioumik fertilizers treatments. Therefore, with respect to the necessity of producing medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and the high efficiency of vermicompost and nano bioumik combination treatment, using a load of it for two consecutive years are recommended for improving physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of thorn apple.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"995-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80292926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس استخراج شده از پونه جمعآوریشده از مناطق مختلف شامل خرمآباد، الشتر و دلفان در استان لرستان و تعیین فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آنها علیه سه سویه باکتری Escherichia coli، Staphylococcus aureus و Pseudomonas aeruginosa انجام شد. آنالیز GC-MS نشان داد ترکیبات اصلی اسانس پونه منطقه خرمآباد شامل پولگان (41/54 درصد) و 8،1- سینئول (05/22 درصد) بود، درحالیکه پونه منطقه الشتر غنی از پیپریتنون (29/29 درصد)، پولگان (53/17 درصد)، پیپریتنوناکساید (35/14 درصد) و 8،1- سینئول (34/14 درصد) و ترکیبات اصلی پونه منطقه دلفان سیترونلیلاستات (93/59 درصد) و آروماندرن (1/5 درصد) بودند. همبستگی معنیداری بین تمام ویژگیهای جغرافیایی و خاک، بهجز فسفر و هدایت الکتریکی، با ترکیبات اسانس مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج بهدستآمده از MIC و MBC نشان داد حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی اسانس پونه مناطق مورد مطالعه بین mg/mL 2-03/0 بود. فعالیت ضدمیکروبی حاکی از این بود که مؤثرترین اسانس در مهارکنندگی باکتریهای E. coliو S. aureus بهترتیب اسانس پونه منطقه الشتر و دلفان بودند و دو باکتری P. aeruginosa و S. aureus کمترین حساسیت به اسانس پونه منطقه خرمآباد داشتند. اسانس پونه جمعآوری شده از مناطق مختلف استان لرستان دارای قدرت بازدارندگی علیه باکتریهای گرم مثبت و منفی مورد مطالعه از کم تا عالی بودندکه بستگی به منطقه جمعآوری گیاهان و سویههای مورد مطالعه باکتری داشت. در این تحقیق سه ترکیب سیترونلال، سیترونلیلاستات و آرومادرن برای اولین بار برای اسانس پونه گزارش شد.
{"title":"ارزیابی ترکیبات اسانس و اثر ضدباکتریایی پونه (Mentha longifolia) جمعآوریشده از مناطق مختلف لرستان","authors":"سهیلا افکار, مژگان آزادپور, بتول مهدوی, مرضیه رشیدی پور","doi":"10.22059/IJHS.2019.278471.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2019.278471.1623","url":null,"abstract":"تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس استخراج شده از پونه جمعآوریشده از مناطق مختلف شامل خرمآباد، الشتر و دلفان در استان لرستان و تعیین فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آنها علیه سه سویه باکتری Escherichia coli، Staphylococcus aureus و Pseudomonas aeruginosa انجام شد. آنالیز GC-MS نشان داد ترکیبات اصلی اسانس پونه منطقه خرمآباد شامل پولگان (41/54 درصد) و 8،1- سینئول (05/22 درصد) بود، درحالیکه پونه منطقه الشتر غنی از پیپریتنون (29/29 درصد)، پولگان (53/17 درصد)، پیپریتنوناکساید (35/14 درصد) و 8،1- سینئول (34/14 درصد) و ترکیبات اصلی پونه منطقه دلفان سیترونلیلاستات (93/59 درصد) و آروماندرن (1/5 درصد) بودند. همبستگی معنیداری بین تمام ویژگیهای جغرافیایی و خاک، بهجز فسفر و هدایت الکتریکی، با ترکیبات اسانس مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج بهدستآمده از MIC و MBC نشان داد حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی اسانس پونه مناطق مورد مطالعه بین mg/mL 2-03/0 بود. فعالیت ضدمیکروبی حاکی از این بود که مؤثرترین اسانس در مهارکنندگی باکتریهای E. coliو S. aureus بهترتیب اسانس پونه منطقه الشتر و دلفان بودند و دو باکتری P. aeruginosa و S. aureus کمترین حساسیت به اسانس پونه منطقه خرمآباد داشتند. اسانس پونه جمعآوری شده از مناطق مختلف استان لرستان دارای قدرت بازدارندگی علیه باکتریهای گرم مثبت و منفی مورد مطالعه از کم تا عالی بودندکه بستگی به منطقه جمعآوری گیاهان و سویههای مورد مطالعه باکتری داشت. در این تحقیق سه ترکیب سیترونلال، سیترونلیلاستات و آرومادرن برای اولین بار برای اسانس پونه گزارش شد.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"823-835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76512774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.22059/IJHS.2018.228844.1204
اسماعیل صادقی, مصباح بابالار, علیرضا طلایی
کمبود آهن و روی در خاکهای آهکی در بیشتر خاکهای ایران شایع است. به منظور مطالعه اثر محلولپاشی آهن و روی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران انجام گرفت. عامل اول محلولپاشی روی بهصورت سولفات روی در سه سطح (صفر، 10 و 100 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و عامل دوم محلولپاشی آهن بهصورت کلات آهن در سه سطح (صفر، 100 و 1000 میلیگرم بر لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد محلولپاشی آهن و روی بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه معنیدار بود و باعث افزایش محتوای عناصر غذایی برگها و میوهها شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش کاربرد آهن باعث افزایش عملکرد، وزن، محتوای آهن، روی و پتاسیم برگها شد و میزان آهن، روی، پتاسیم، کلسیم و فسفر میوهها را نیز افزایش داد. همچنین روی موجب افزایش عملکرد، مواد جامد محلول و محتوای روی برگها و محتوای آهن و روی میوهها شد. طبق نتایج بهدستآمده اثر تیمارهای استفادهشده بر محتوای نیتروژن برگها و میوهها معنیدار نبود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد محلول پاشی آهن و روی باعث افزایش عملکرد، کیفیت و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا شد.
{"title":"اثر محلولپاشی آهن و روی بر عملکرد، خواص کیفی و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا (Malus domestica cv. Gala)","authors":"اسماعیل صادقی, مصباح بابالار, علیرضا طلایی","doi":"10.22059/IJHS.2018.228844.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2018.228844.1204","url":null,"abstract":"کمبود آهن و روی در خاکهای آهکی در بیشتر خاکهای ایران شایع است. به منظور مطالعه اثر محلولپاشی آهن و روی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران انجام گرفت. عامل اول محلولپاشی روی بهصورت سولفات روی در سه سطح (صفر، 10 و 100 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و عامل دوم محلولپاشی آهن بهصورت کلات آهن در سه سطح (صفر، 100 و 1000 میلیگرم بر لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد محلولپاشی آهن و روی بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه معنیدار بود و باعث افزایش محتوای عناصر غذایی برگها و میوهها شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش کاربرد آهن باعث افزایش عملکرد، وزن، محتوای آهن، روی و پتاسیم برگها شد و میزان آهن، روی، پتاسیم، کلسیم و فسفر میوهها را نیز افزایش داد. همچنین روی موجب افزایش عملکرد، مواد جامد محلول و محتوای روی برگها و محتوای آهن و روی میوهها شد. طبق نتایج بهدستآمده اثر تیمارهای استفادهشده بر محتوای نیتروژن برگها و میوهها معنیدار نبود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد محلول پاشی آهن و روی باعث افزایش عملکرد، کیفیت و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا شد.","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"139 1","pages":"965-978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77943899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.22067/JHORTS4.V34I4.84228
َAisan Samadi, A. Hassani, M. Gholamhoseini
Introduction: Plant growth promoting bacteria are beneficial microorganisms that produce plant resistance to a variety of biological and non-biological stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, toxic metals, etc, and increase plant productivity and yield. The use of these microorganisms as biological agents in increasing soil fertility and improving agricultural productivity has been studied by many researchers, so a proper understanding of their effect on drought resistance can be effective in water resources management. Useful in field and reducing environmental effects of using chemical fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some bio-fertilizers on growth and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of red radish and in comparison with potassium sulfate application under drought stress. Material and Methods: In other to investigate the effect of application of bio-fertilizers containing potassium-soluble bacteria (Pseudomonas koreensis and Pseudomonas vancouverensis), phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans) on plant growth and function, this experiment was done with 10 treatments and three replications in the form of completely randomized design in greenhouse. Finally the statistical population consisted of 30 pots of 10 treatments and three replications for red radish. Drought stress was applied in such a way that the apparent symptoms of stress were seen in the plants and the amount of water used was the same for all plants. The experiment was carried out in greenhouses and nylon pots with a capacity of 6.5 kg were used. The soil was prepared using a calcareous soil of Zanjan University research field. Its absorption was less than critical. Organic matter content was 0.4% and lime equivalent was 14.1% pH of soil 7.57 and EC of abstract soil paste was 2.21. Pots were treated with municipal water for 25 days after planting. EC values of water was 400 µS / cm that irrigated the plants every three days. The desired bio-fertilizers were added to the pots with irrigation water. After 25 days, 15 pots of treatments 4 to 6 were subjected to drought stress. 40 days after planting before drying of the plants, weight, moisture content of plant tissue, leaf proline content, total free amino acid, and total soluble sugars in leaf extract were measured. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and LSD test at the 5% level was used to compare the means. Results and Discussion: Results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of different treatments on aerial fresh weight was significant at 1% level. Fertilizer treatments under stress and non-stress conditions significantly increased aerial fresh weight. Among non-stress treatments, the highest fresh weight was obtained from treatment 2 (10.03 g / pot) and the lowest was in control treatment (6.55 g / pot). Among the drought stress treatments with application of
植物生长促进菌是一种有益的微生物，它能使植物抵抗各种生物和非生物胁迫，包括干旱、极端温度、盐度、有毒金属等，并提高植物的生产力和产量。利用这些微生物作为生物制剂增加土壤肥力和提高农业生产力的研究已被许多研究者进行，因此正确了解它们对抗旱性的影响可以有效地进行水资源管理。在田间有用，减少使用化肥对环境的影响。本试验旨在研究干旱胁迫下几种生物肥料对红萝卜生长和生理生化特性的影响，并与硫酸钾的施用进行比较。材料与方法:采用完全随机设计的方法，在温室条件下进行10个处理、3个重复的试验，研究施用含溶钾细菌(韩国假单胞菌和温哥华假单胞菌)、增磷细菌(恶臭假单胞菌)和固氮细菌(Pantoea agglomerans)的生物肥料对植物生长和功能的影响。红萝卜统计群体为30盆，10个处理，3个重复。施加干旱胁迫的方式是，在植物中可以看到明显的胁迫症状，所有植物的用水量都是相同的。试验在大棚中进行，采用6.5 kg的尼龙盆。土壤采用赞詹大学研究区的钙质土制备。它的吸收并不重要。有机质含量0.4%，石灰当量14.1%，土壤pH值7.57，抽土膏体EC值2.21。花盆在种植后用市政水处理25天。每3天灌溉一次的水EC值为400µS / cm。将所需的生物肥料与灌溉水一起添加到花盆中。25 d后，4 ~ 6号处理15罐进行干旱胁迫处理。种植40 d后，在植株干燥前，测定植株重量、植株组织含水量、叶片脯氨酸含量、总游离氨基酸和叶片提取物中总可溶性糖含量。方差分析采用SAS软件，均数比较采用5%水平的LSD检验。结果与讨论:方差分析结果表明，在1%水平上，不同处理对空气鲜重的影响显著。胁迫和非胁迫条件下的施肥处理显著提高了空气鲜重。在非胁迫处理中，处理2鲜重最高(10.03 g /锅)，对照处理鲜重最低(6.55 g /锅)。在不同施肥条件下，处理8 (9.19 g /盆)鲜重最高，处理6 (7.04 g /盆)鲜重最低。在胁迫和非胁迫条件下，施用硫酸钾肥均增加了地上部分的鲜重。单独施用钾溶性生物肥料及与其他生物肥料配用均能提高萝卜的空气鲜重，与硫酸钾施用差异不显著。在萝卜中，干旱胁迫对块茎鲜重的影响较大。在干旱胁迫下，萝卜利用块茎储备的水分，这样叶子就不太容易受到胁迫。在非胁迫条件下，萝卜施用硫酸钾肥和生物肥可提高产量。硫酸钾的作用更大。在胁迫条件下，生物肥料的作用大于硫酸钾。钾溶性生物肥的施用效果与不同生物肥的配施效果基本一致。干旱胁迫增加了萝卜叶片和块茎中脯氨酸、氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量。这些化合物浓度的增加表明植物具有抗旱能力。施用硫酸钾和生物肥料降低了这些浓度，且生物肥料的作用大于硫酸钾。干旱胁迫下离子泄漏量增加，而施用硫酸钾和生物肥料降低了离子泄漏量。干旱胁迫还降低了萝卜叶片和块茎中的淀粉浓度，这是干旱胁迫的结果。结论:总体而言，施用硫酸钾和生物肥料能减缓干旱胁迫的影响，在某些情况下，生物肥料的作用更大。生物肥料综合施用与单独施用钾溶性生物肥料差异不显著。 因此，本研究结果表明，生物肥料的使用可以作为减少逆境对植物的负面影响的一个因素纳入植物营养计划。
{"title":"Effect of Potassium Solubilizing Biofertilizers Application Compared to Potassium Sulfate on Growth and Some Physiological Traits of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Drought Stress","authors":"َAisan Samadi, A. Hassani, M. Gholamhoseini","doi":"10.22067/JHORTS4.V34I4.84228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/JHORTS4.V34I4.84228","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Plant growth promoting bacteria are beneficial microorganisms that produce plant resistance to a variety of biological and non-biological stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, toxic metals, etc, and increase plant productivity and yield. The use of these microorganisms as biological agents in increasing soil fertility and improving agricultural productivity has been studied by many researchers, so a proper understanding of their effect on drought resistance can be effective in water resources management. Useful in field and reducing environmental effects of using chemical fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some bio-fertilizers on growth and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of red radish and in comparison with potassium sulfate application under drought stress. \u0000Material and Methods: In other to investigate the effect of application of bio-fertilizers containing potassium-soluble bacteria (Pseudomonas koreensis and Pseudomonas vancouverensis), phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans) on plant growth and function, this experiment was done with 10 treatments and three replications in the form of completely randomized design in greenhouse. Finally the statistical population consisted of 30 pots of 10 treatments and three replications for red radish. Drought stress was applied in such a way that the apparent symptoms of stress were seen in the plants and the amount of water used was the same for all plants. The experiment was carried out in greenhouses and nylon pots with a capacity of 6.5 kg were used. The soil was prepared using a calcareous soil of Zanjan University research field. Its absorption was less than critical. Organic matter content was 0.4% and lime equivalent was 14.1% pH of soil 7.57 and EC of abstract soil paste was 2.21. Pots were treated with municipal water for 25 days after planting. EC values of water was 400 µS / cm that irrigated the plants every three days. The desired bio-fertilizers were added to the pots with irrigation water. After 25 days, 15 pots of treatments 4 to 6 were subjected to drought stress. 40 days after planting before drying of the plants, weight, moisture content of plant tissue, leaf proline content, total free amino acid, and total soluble sugars in leaf extract were measured. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and LSD test at the 5% level was used to compare the means. \u0000Results and Discussion: Results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of different treatments on aerial fresh weight was significant at 1% level. Fertilizer treatments under stress and non-stress conditions significantly increased aerial fresh weight. Among non-stress treatments, the highest fresh weight was obtained from treatment 2 (10.03 g / pot) and the lowest was in control treatment (6.55 g / pot). Among the drought stress treatments with application of","PeriodicalId":15968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"633-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91500608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：