We developed a high-energy picosecond mid-infrared laser based on ZnGeP2 (ZGP) optical parametric generator (OPG)/optical parametric amplifier (OPA), operating at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 kHz. The laser system was equipped with a 2.09 μm high-energy picosecond laser amplification system as the pump source. The pump source itself incorporated a gain-switched laser diode (GSLD) as the seed. By employing a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) regenerative amplifier (RA) and multi-stage power amplifiers, we successfully achieved a maximum pulse energy of 26.2 mJ at a wavelength of 2.09 μm. Initially, using a ZGP OPG and a one-stage OPA, we achieved mid-infrared laser output of over 6.4 mJ. However, the corresponding beam quality deteriorated, with beam quality factors (M2) exceeding 50 in both the x and y directions. To mitigate this issue, we transitioned to a ZGP OPG coupled with a two-stage OPA configuration, resulting in a mid-infrared laser output of over 6 mJ, accompanied by improved beam quality factors of 17.2 and 14.7 in the respective directions. Notably, the overall optical-to-optical conversion efficiency (OOCE) of the system surpassed 40%, with the second-stage OPA demonstrating an impressive OOCE exceeding 45%.
{"title":"Development of a High-Energy Picosecond Mid-Infrared Laser Based on ZnGeP2 Optical Parametric Generator/Amplifier","authors":"Disheng Wei;Minglang Wu;Wenhao Cheng;Jinwen Tang;Junhui Li;Xiaoxiao Hua;Baoquan Yao;Tongyu Dai;Xiaoming Duan","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485240","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a high-energy picosecond mid-infrared laser based on ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> (ZGP) optical parametric generator (OPG)/optical parametric amplifier (OPA), operating at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 kHz. The laser system was equipped with a 2.09 μm high-energy picosecond laser amplification system as the pump source. The pump source itself incorporated a gain-switched laser diode (GSLD) as the seed. By employing a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) regenerative amplifier (RA) and multi-stage power amplifiers, we successfully achieved a maximum pulse energy of 26.2 mJ at a wavelength of 2.09 μm. Initially, using a ZGP OPG and a one-stage OPA, we achieved mid-infrared laser output of over 6.4 mJ. However, the corresponding beam quality deteriorated, with beam quality factors (<italic>M</i><sup>2</sup>) exceeding 50 in both the <italic>x</i> and <italic>y</i> directions. To mitigate this issue, we transitioned to a ZGP OPG coupled with a two-stage OPA configuration, resulting in a mid-infrared laser output of over 6 mJ, accompanied by improved beam quality factors of 17.2 and 14.7 in the respective directions. Notably, the overall optical-to-optical conversion efficiency (OOCE) of the system surpassed 40%, with the second-stage OPA demonstrating an impressive OOCE exceeding 45%.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1352-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3479348
Shilong Pan;Jason D. McKinney;Antonella Bogoni;Jungwon Kim
We are excited to present this special issue on microwave photonics in the Journal of Lightwave Technology (JLT), coinciding with the 2023 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 2023). As an interdisciplinary field, microwave photonics mainly focuses on the utilization of photonic devices, systems, and techniques for applications in wireless communications and sensing systems, particularly in the microwave, millimeter-wave, and terahertz (THz) wave bands. It also encompasses the development of high-speed photonic components. In recent years, the field has experienced remarkable growth, propelled by innovations in integrated microwave photonics and their applications in next-generation wireless systems. This special issue provides an important platform for researchers to share their latest discoveries across a broad spectrum of topics, including photonic devices, chips, systems, and networks.
{"title":"Guest Editorial Guest Editorial for the Special Issue on Microwave Photonics","authors":"Shilong Pan;Jason D. McKinney;Antonella Bogoni;Jungwon Kim","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3479348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3479348","url":null,"abstract":"We are excited to present this special issue on microwave photonics in the \u0000<italic>Journal of Lightwave Technology</i>\u0000 (JLT), coinciding with the 2023 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 2023). As an interdisciplinary field, microwave photonics mainly focuses on the utilization of photonic devices, systems, and techniques for applications in wireless communications and sensing systems, particularly in the microwave, millimeter-wave, and terahertz (THz) wave bands. It also encompasses the development of high-speed photonic components. In recent years, the field has experienced remarkable growth, propelled by innovations in integrated microwave photonics and their applications in next-generation wireless systems. This special issue provides an important platform for researchers to share their latest discoveries across a broad spectrum of topics, including photonic devices, chips, systems, and networks.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"42 21","pages":"7431-7433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10732890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142550504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3485065
Jie Xu;Zhitong Huang;Wenmin Zhai;Hongcheng Qiu;Yi Gao;Yuefeng Ji
Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has emerged as a key technology for next-generation underwater wireless data transmission. Semantic communication is regarded as a promising communication paradigm to improve the efficiency and robustness of UWOC systems. However, existing underwater wireless optical semantic communication (UWOSC) system lacks the capability to adapt the code rate to different channel states, leading to intelligence inadequacy and coding inefficiency. In this paper, we introduce environment semantics into the UWOSC system for the first time, and propose an environment semantics aided underwater wireless optical semantic communication (ESA-UWOSC) framework. Based on this framework, we develop a system leveraging computer vision and deep learning for adaptive rate transmission. The ESA-UWOSC system is realized by a channel state perception mechanism (CSPM) for extracting environment semantics from the channel environment image to obtain the channel gain, a link network (LinkNet) for enabling variable code rate transmission of source semantic information, and a prediction network (PreNet) for predicting the optimal code length that satisfies the transmission task requirement. The combined operation of these three modules enables the ESA-UWOSC system to actively perceive channel state and perform adaptive rate transmission accordingly. In a series of experiments conducted on an emulated UWOC experimental platform, the results show that the ESA-UWOSC system outperforms the baseline scheme, achieving superior performance with lower bandwidth consumption, especially in harsh channel environments. Moreover, the results also demonstrate that the ESA-UWOSC system can achieve adaptive rate transmission based on the perceived channel state to meet transmission task requirement.
{"title":"Environment Semantics Aided Underwater Wireless Optical Semantic Communication","authors":"Jie Xu;Zhitong Huang;Wenmin Zhai;Hongcheng Qiu;Yi Gao;Yuefeng Ji","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485065","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has emerged as a key technology for next-generation underwater wireless data transmission. Semantic communication is regarded as a promising communication paradigm to improve the efficiency and robustness of UWOC systems. However, existing underwater wireless optical semantic communication (UWOSC) system lacks the capability to adapt the code rate to different channel states, leading to intelligence inadequacy and coding inefficiency. In this paper, we introduce environment semantics into the UWOSC system for the first time, and propose an environment semantics aided underwater wireless optical semantic communication (ESA-UWOSC) framework. Based on this framework, we develop a system leveraging computer vision and deep learning for adaptive rate transmission. The ESA-UWOSC system is realized by a channel state perception mechanism (CSPM) for extracting environment semantics from the channel environment image to obtain the channel gain, a link network (LinkNet) for enabling variable code rate transmission of source semantic information, and a prediction network (PreNet) for predicting the optimal code length that satisfies the transmission task requirement. The combined operation of these three modules enables the ESA-UWOSC system to actively perceive channel state and perform adaptive rate transmission accordingly. In a series of experiments conducted on an emulated UWOC experimental platform, the results show that the ESA-UWOSC system outperforms the baseline scheme, achieving superior performance with lower bandwidth consumption, especially in harsh channel environments. Moreover, the results also demonstrate that the ESA-UWOSC system can achieve adaptive rate transmission based on the perceived channel state to meet transmission task requirement.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1186-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3485574
Fengfeng Zhou;Xingyu Fu;Siying Chen;Jung-Ting Tsai;Martin B. G. Jun
This research introduces how to find the analytic spectrum of a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) with arbitrary reflectivities of mirrors by giving the mathematical expression of the spectrum. It does not require the weak reflection assumption of the two mirrors which treats the spectrum as sinusoidal function instead of an Airy function. In this research, the relationships between the instantaneous frequency, the instantaneous phase, and the cavity length were given. The proposed method also illustrates that the conclusions given by the two-beam interference approximation are also applicable for high reflection conditions if the spectrum covers multiple complete free spectrum ranges. Compared to other methods of tracking interference maxima and minima, this method provides absolute cavity length measurements and does not encounter problems with losing track of the maxima and minima when working with unstable or noisy spectrum. Compared to the Fourier transform method, this approach considers the chirped nature of the spectrum instead of assuming it as a periodic signal. Also, this method has a higher resolution than the Fourier transform method if the spectrum covers a narrow wavelength range. We used experimental spectra from our previous research to illustrate the performance of this method. A precision at nanometer level and an accuracy at sub-micrometer level was achieved. Therefore, this method demonstrates strong potential for real-time and high-precision monitoring processes.
{"title":"Analytic Spectra of Fabry–Pérot Interferometers for Hilbert Transform and its Application in Distance Monitoring","authors":"Fengfeng Zhou;Xingyu Fu;Siying Chen;Jung-Ting Tsai;Martin B. G. Jun","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485574","url":null,"abstract":"This research introduces how to find the analytic spectrum of a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) with arbitrary reflectivities of mirrors by giving the mathematical expression of the spectrum. It does not require the weak reflection assumption of the two mirrors which treats the spectrum as sinusoidal function instead of an Airy function. In this research, the relationships between the instantaneous frequency, the instantaneous phase, and the cavity length were given. The proposed method also illustrates that the conclusions given by the two-beam interference approximation are also applicable for high reflection conditions if the spectrum covers multiple complete free spectrum ranges. Compared to other methods of tracking interference maxima and minima, this method provides absolute cavity length measurements and does not encounter problems with losing track of the maxima and minima when working with unstable or noisy spectrum. Compared to the Fourier transform method, this approach considers the chirped nature of the spectrum instead of assuming it as a periodic signal. Also, this method has a higher resolution than the Fourier transform method if the spectrum covers a narrow wavelength range. We used experimental spectra from our previous research to illustrate the performance of this method. A precision at nanometer level and an accuracy at sub-micrometer level was achieved. Therefore, this method demonstrates strong potential for real-time and high-precision monitoring processes.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1007-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3485160
Yunhao Zhu;Chuanfei Yao;Xuan Wang;Guochuan Ren;Shu Liu;Jiaqian Si;Pingxue Li
Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBFs) demonstrate exceptional performance with high damage threshold, low nonlinearity, low thermal sensitivity and ultralow bending loss. However, the spatial efficiency of HC-PBFs is constrained by the absence of the multi-core structure. In this study, we present a detailed proposal and design of multi-core HC-PBFs for the first time. The structure model of multi-core HC-PBFs are constructed and the structure parameters are optimized by the loss, mode, coupling, bending characteristics based on offset-core, scaling-core, and dual-core three structure models. Finally, three kinds of multi-core HC-PBFs structures including homogeneous weakly-coupled, heterogeneous weakly-coupled, and strongly-coupled are designed with comprehensive structure and performance parameters. Simulation results indicate low loss, quasi single-mode, low crosstalk, negligible bending loss, and remarkable multi-core guiding performance. The introduction of a multi-core structure expands the potential applications of HC-PBFs in fiber communications and long-haul miniaturized fiber optic gyroscopes, high power delivery, fiber sensing, etc.
{"title":"Design of Multi-Core Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers","authors":"Yunhao Zhu;Chuanfei Yao;Xuan Wang;Guochuan Ren;Shu Liu;Jiaqian Si;Pingxue Li","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485160","url":null,"abstract":"Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBFs) demonstrate exceptional performance with high damage threshold, low nonlinearity, low thermal sensitivity and ultralow bending loss. However, the spatial efficiency of HC-PBFs is constrained by the absence of the multi-core structure. In this study, we present a detailed proposal and design of multi-core HC-PBFs for the first time. The structure model of multi-core HC-PBFs are constructed and the structure parameters are optimized by the loss, mode, coupling, bending characteristics based on offset-core, scaling-core, and dual-core three structure models. Finally, three kinds of multi-core HC-PBFs structures including homogeneous weakly-coupled, heterogeneous weakly-coupled, and strongly-coupled are designed with comprehensive structure and performance parameters. Simulation results indicate low loss, quasi single-mode, low crosstalk, negligible bending loss, and remarkable multi-core guiding performance. The introduction of a multi-core structure expands the potential applications of HC-PBFs in fiber communications and long-haul miniaturized fiber optic gyroscopes, high power delivery, fiber sensing, etc.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1364-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate an in-line all-silicon optical power monitor at near-infrared wavelengths which is able to identify the optical powers of different modes multiplexed in a silicon multimode waveguide. The device is a 12-μm-wide slab waveguide embedded with three PN junctions which can produce photocurrents through various sub-bandgap absorption mechanisms. The positions of these PN junctions are well engineered so that their photocurrents in response to the hybrid mode are distinctly different. A theoretical model is built to describe the nonlinear relationship between the optical powers of multiplexed modes and the photocurrents of different PN junctions. Based on the model, the fabricated device can simultaneously extract the powers of multiplexed TE0, TE1 and TE2 modes. Specifically, the minimum detectable powers for TE0/TE1/TE2 modes are 2.22/1.83/1.17μW, respectively, while the absolute percentage measurement errors are less than 8.9%/5.6%/6.1%. As the wavelength sweeps from 1500 nm to 1570 nm, the variation ranges of the photocurrents are less than 5%. Furthermore, we study two scenarios in which the linear approximation can be used to accelerate the optical powers calculation speed, i.e., the low-power mode in which the nonlinear photocurrent component is neglectable, and the small-signal mode in which the fluctuation amplitudes of optical powers are very weak. The absolute percentage measurement errors for TE0/TE1/TE2 modes are less than 12.8%/11.5%/21.9% and 4.8%/4.5%/2.5% in these two scenarios.
{"title":"A Wavelength-Insensitive All-Silicon In-Line Optical Power Monitor for Multimode Silicon Photonics","authors":"Qikai Huang;Nannan Ning;Qiang Zhang;Zhujun Wei;Zhaoyang Zhang;Yuehai Wang;Jianyi Yang;Hui Yu","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485501","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate an in-line all-silicon optical power monitor at near-infrared wavelengths which is able to identify the optical powers of different modes multiplexed in a silicon multimode waveguide. The device is a 12-μm-wide slab waveguide embedded with three PN junctions which can produce photocurrents through various sub-bandgap absorption mechanisms. The positions of these PN junctions are well engineered so that their photocurrents in response to the hybrid mode are distinctly different. A theoretical model is built to describe the nonlinear relationship between the optical powers of multiplexed modes and the photocurrents of different PN junctions. Based on the model, the fabricated device can simultaneously extract the powers of multiplexed TE<sub>0</sub>, TE<sub>1</sub> and TE<sub>2</sub> modes. Specifically, the minimum detectable powers for TE<sub>0</sub>/TE<sub>1</sub>/TE<sub>2</sub> modes are 2.22/1.83/1.17μW, respectively, while the absolute percentage measurement errors are less than 8.9%/5.6%/6.1%. As the wavelength sweeps from 1500 nm to 1570 nm, the variation ranges of the photocurrents are less than 5%. Furthermore, we study two scenarios in which the linear approximation can be used to accelerate the optical powers calculation speed, i.e., the low-power mode in which the nonlinear photocurrent component is neglectable, and the small-signal mode in which the fluctuation amplitudes of optical powers are very weak. The absolute percentage measurement errors for TE<sub>0</sub>/TE<sub>1</sub>/TE<sub>2</sub> modes are less than 12.8%/11.5%/21.9% and 4.8%/4.5%/2.5% in these two scenarios.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1312-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3485124
Yu Chen;Yang Chen
Oriented to the requirements of future high-frequency wireless communication systems, this paper proposes a method of combining spectrally efficient frequency-division multiplexing (SEFDM) technique with the in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication system and applying it to microwave photonic transmission links to achieve ultra-high spectral efficiency. The microwave photonic link not only realizes the transmission of SEFDM signals received by the IBFD system but also realizes the analog self-interference cancellation (SIC) function. The digital SIC and SEFDM demodulation functions are seamlessly integrated following the analog SIC. Utilizing a cross-iterative algorithm, the adverse effects of the signal of interest (SOI) on the digital SIC of the received signal are mitigated, leading to a substantial improvement in both the SIC depth and demodulation performance of the SEFDM signal compared to the conventional least squares (LS) algorithm. An experiment has been conducted. The SOI and self-interference (SI) have symbol rates of 300 Msym/s and 600 Msym/s, respectively, and share a center frequency of 2 GHz and a bandwidth compression factor of 0.8. When the SI to SOI power ratio is 10.3 dB, the analog SIC depth is around 18.3 dB. The conventional LS algorithm achieves a digital SIC depth of 12.6 dB but the error vector magnitude (EVM) is 13.2%. In contrast, our proposed iterative method improves the SIC depth to 15.1 dB and reduces the EVM to 4.1%. The feasibility of the system is also verified by incorporating a 25.2-km fiber.
{"title":"Combining SEFDM Technique With IBFD Communication System in an ROF Link for Achieving Ultra-High Spectral Efficiency","authors":"Yu Chen;Yang Chen","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485124","url":null,"abstract":"Oriented to the requirements of future high-frequency wireless communication systems, this paper proposes a method of combining spectrally efficient frequency-division multiplexing (SEFDM) technique with the in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication system and applying it to microwave photonic transmission links to achieve ultra-high spectral efficiency. The microwave photonic link not only realizes the transmission of SEFDM signals received by the IBFD system but also realizes the analog self-interference cancellation (SIC) function. The digital SIC and SEFDM demodulation functions are seamlessly integrated following the analog SIC. Utilizing a cross-iterative algorithm, the adverse effects of the signal of interest (SOI) on the digital SIC of the received signal are mitigated, leading to a substantial improvement in both the SIC depth and demodulation performance of the SEFDM signal compared to the conventional least squares (LS) algorithm. An experiment has been conducted. The SOI and self-interference (SI) have symbol rates of 300 Msym/s and 600 Msym/s, respectively, and share a center frequency of 2 GHz and a bandwidth compression factor of 0.8. When the SI to SOI power ratio is 10.3 dB, the analog SIC depth is around 18.3 dB. The conventional LS algorithm achieves a digital SIC depth of 12.6 dB but the error vector magnitude (EVM) is 13.2%. In contrast, our proposed iterative method improves the SIC depth to 15.1 dB and reduces the EVM to 4.1%. The feasibility of the system is also verified by incorporating a 25.2-km fiber.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1089-1097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a system based on the chirped optical pulse sequence (COPS)-stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect that utilizes two-dimensional information mapping to realize instantaneous, high-precision and ultra-broadband microwave frequency measurement (MFM). In the proposed MFM system, the unknown signals of different frequencies are frequency-selected by the SBS effect on the COPS to obtain time-dimensional information corresponding to the frequency. The differential response of the optical band-pass filter at different wavelengths is then used to acquire the amplitude-dimensional information corresponding to the frequency. Simultaneous mapping of these dimensions allows for high-precision measurement of the signal under test. The proposed system's single-tone, dual-tone and quad-tone microwave frequency measurements are validated experimentally, and the proposed system exhibits a minimum measurement time of 100 ns with a frequency measurement accuracy of less than 1 MHz and an instantaneous bandwidth exceeding 20 GHz.
{"title":"Ultra-Broadband Microwave Frequency Measurement Based on Two-Dimensional Information Mapping via Transient Stimulated Brillouin Scattering of Chirped Optical Pulse Sequences","authors":"Shuai Zu;Yiying Gu;Ying Wang;Jiachen Yu;Xun Wang;Jingjing Hu;Mingshan Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485066","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a system based on the chirped optical pulse sequence (COPS)-stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect that utilizes two-dimensional information mapping to realize instantaneous, high-precision and ultra-broadband microwave frequency measurement (MFM). In the proposed MFM system, the unknown signals of different frequencies are frequency-selected by the SBS effect on the COPS to obtain time-dimensional information corresponding to the frequency. The differential response of the optical band-pass filter at different wavelengths is then used to acquire the amplitude-dimensional information corresponding to the frequency. Simultaneous mapping of these dimensions allows for high-precision measurement of the signal under test. The proposed system's single-tone, dual-tone and quad-tone microwave frequency measurements are validated experimentally, and the proposed system exhibits a minimum measurement time of 100 ns with a frequency measurement accuracy of less than 1 MHz and an instantaneous bandwidth exceeding 20 GHz.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1259-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10729658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3484572
S. T. Mantey;M. A. Fernandes;G. M. Fernandes;N. A. Silva;F. P. Guiomar;P. Monteiro;A. N. Pinto;N. J. Muga
Secure data transmission is essential in today's world, and quantum key distribution (QKD) is widely recognized as the technology of choice to enable information-theoretical secure symmetric key generation. While optical fibers are typically used as a transmission channel, wireless transmission offers the flexibility to reach every part of the Earth; moreover, for Earth-Satellite QKD, wireless communication naturally becomes a necessity. In this study, we deployed a fiber-wireless optical system that transmitted a 64-QAM 400 Gbps classical signal for high-rate data exchange and a 1 MHz quantum signal for QKD. The impact of turbulence in the quantum system is evaluated by transmitting single-polarization quantum states through a turbulent free-space channel and by calculating the respective intrinsic quantum bit error rate (QBER). From this, we estimate the system's secret key rate (SKR) and its dependence on turbulence. The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the optical wireless signal were emulated and investigated by using a custom-made atmospheric chamber to induce different turbulent scenarios. The atmospheric chamber allowed us to vary the turbulence in a Rytov variance range from 0.06 to 2.52. The classical signal showed an overall average reliability of 82% for the mentioned turbulence regimes. The results of the quantum signal showed that for Rytov variances up to 1.3, and under the conditions tested, secret key generation is possible, reaching a maximum SKR of 8.7$mathbf {times 10^{-4}}$ bits per pulse during the produced turbulence regimes.
{"title":"On the Coexistence of Quantum and Classical Signal Transmission Over Turbulent FSO Channels","authors":"S. T. Mantey;M. A. Fernandes;G. M. Fernandes;N. A. Silva;F. P. Guiomar;P. Monteiro;A. N. Pinto;N. J. Muga","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3484572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3484572","url":null,"abstract":"Secure data transmission is essential in today's world, and quantum key distribution (QKD) is widely recognized as the technology of choice to enable information-theoretical secure symmetric key generation. While optical fibers are typically used as a transmission channel, wireless transmission offers the flexibility to reach every part of the Earth; moreover, for Earth-Satellite QKD, wireless communication naturally becomes a necessity. In this study, we deployed a fiber-wireless optical system that transmitted a 64-QAM 400 Gbps classical signal for high-rate data exchange and a 1 MHz quantum signal for QKD. The impact of turbulence in the quantum system is evaluated by transmitting single-polarization quantum states through a turbulent free-space channel and by calculating the respective intrinsic quantum bit error rate (QBER). From this, we estimate the system's secret key rate (SKR) and its dependence on turbulence. The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the optical wireless signal were emulated and investigated by using a custom-made atmospheric chamber to induce different turbulent scenarios. The atmospheric chamber allowed us to vary the turbulence in a Rytov variance range from 0.06 to 2.52. The classical signal showed an overall average reliability of 82% for the mentioned turbulence regimes. The results of the quantum signal showed that for Rytov variances up to 1.3, and under the conditions tested, secret key generation is possible, reaching a maximum SKR of 8.7<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {times 10^{-4}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> bits per pulse during the produced turbulence regimes.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1043-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10726746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3484520
Mahdi Barati Mohammad Panah;Hamed Baghban;Reza Yadipour;Abdollah Alizadeh
The neuromorphic photonic approaches hold great potential for developing systems with applications in information processing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence platforms. Here, we present a theoretical investigation of a neuromorphic photonic system based on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser with an embedded saturable absorber (VCSEL-SA). The primary objective of this system is to detect edge features in digital images by encoding sub-nanosecond spiking responses of the VCSEL-SA neuron. The unique attributes of the proposed technique provide an effective approach to identifying edge features by utilization of a singular kernel operator and implementation of a current ramp for the gain region. Results indicate that the system can effectively reconstruct the input image by combining the spiking response of the VCSEL-SA neuron in reaction to the injected edge patterns. Moreover, an analysis is conducted on the temporal structure, the output power, and the arrangement of spikes throughout a single cycle.
{"title":"Neuromorphic Photonic Image Processing Based on Temporal Coding With a Spiking VCSEL-SA Neuron","authors":"Mahdi Barati Mohammad Panah;Hamed Baghban;Reza Yadipour;Abdollah Alizadeh","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3484520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3484520","url":null,"abstract":"The neuromorphic photonic approaches hold great potential for developing systems with applications in information processing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence platforms. Here, we present a theoretical investigation of a neuromorphic photonic system based on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser with an embedded saturable absorber (VCSEL-SA). The primary objective of this system is to detect edge features in digital images by encoding sub-nanosecond spiking responses of the VCSEL-SA neuron. The unique attributes of the proposed technique provide an effective approach to identifying edge features by utilization of a singular kernel operator and implementation of a current ramp for the gain region. Results indicate that the system can effectively reconstruct the input image by combining the spiking response of the VCSEL-SA neuron in reaction to the injected edge patterns. Moreover, an analysis is conducted on the temporal structure, the output power, and the arrangement of spikes throughout a single cycle.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"1061-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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