Towards higher capacity for the next generation Ethernet in datacenters, transmitting high-baud-rate signal is necessary. This work presents a band-interleaving receiver with subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) signaling for systems with excessive transmitter bandwidth and severely limited receiver bandwidth. In the proposed scheme, an ultra-high-bandwidth SCM signal is divided into two sub-bands, and modulated onto the optical carrier through an external modulator. The two sub-bands of the SCM signal are extracted by a wavelength selective switch, and then detected by a direct detection (DD) receiver and a lite-coherent receiver, respectively. This approach halves the receiver-side bandwidth requirement. As a proof of concept, we experimentally achieve the transmission of a 100-GHz SCM QAM signal over 500-m single-mode optical fiber (SSMF), attaining a highest net data rate of 428 Gbps above the 0.8798 NGMI threshold. To our knowledge, this represents a successful demonstration of signal transmission with a Nyquist bandwidth of up to 100 GHz and a net data rate exceeding 400 Gbps per wavelength in a system with severely limited receiver bandwidth of about 61 GHz.
{"title":"Band-Interleaving and Entropy-Loading Subcarrier Multiplexing Modulation for 400G/λ Intra-Datacenter Connections Based on Hybrid Receivers","authors":"An Yan;Junhao Zhao;Guoqiang Li;Penghao Luo;Sizhe Xing;Wangwei Shen;Yongzhu Hu;Aolong Sun;Jianyang Shi;Zhixue He;Nan Chi;Junwen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3488182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3488182","url":null,"abstract":"Towards higher capacity for the next generation Ethernet in datacenters, transmitting high-baud-rate signal is necessary. This work presents a band-interleaving receiver with subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) signaling for systems with excessive transmitter bandwidth and severely limited receiver bandwidth. In the proposed scheme, an ultra-high-bandwidth SCM signal is divided into two sub-bands, and modulated onto the optical carrier through an external modulator. The two sub-bands of the SCM signal are extracted by a wavelength selective switch, and then detected by a direct detection (DD) receiver and a lite-coherent receiver, respectively. This approach halves the receiver-side bandwidth requirement. As a proof of concept, we experimentally achieve the transmission of a 100-GHz SCM QAM signal over 500-m single-mode optical fiber (SSMF), attaining a highest net data rate of 428 Gbps above the 0.8798 NGMI threshold. To our knowledge, this represents a successful demonstration of signal transmission with a Nyquist bandwidth of up to 100 GHz and a net data rate exceeding 400 Gbps per wavelength in a system with severely limited receiver bandwidth of about 61 GHz.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2132-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few years, approaches based on temporal Talbot effect have been widely investigated for repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains. However, the tunability of the repetition rate typically relies on changing the second-order dispersion of the dispersive medium, which inevitably limits the flexibility of the approach for practical applications. Despite the reported works on programmable repetition-rate multiplication or division of optical pulse trains, a general design theory and method that enables wide-range repetition-rate control without altering the dispersive medium are still lacking. In this work, we present a method for programmable repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains based on a fixed dispersive medium, allowing for simultaneous repetition-rate multiplication and division with integer and fractional factors. The effectiveness of our proposed method is investigated through numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations, showing its potential for versatile and tunable optical pulse train generation in advanced photonic systems.
{"title":"Widely Tunable Repetition-Rate Control of Optical Pulse Trains Using a Fixed Dispersive Medium","authors":"Xiao-Zhou Li;Yang He;Sheng-Qiang Geng;Yiying Gu;Mingshan Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3488653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3488653","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, approaches based on temporal Talbot effect have been widely investigated for repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains. However, the tunability of the repetition rate typically relies on changing the second-order dispersion of the dispersive medium, which inevitably limits the flexibility of the approach for practical applications. Despite the reported works on programmable repetition-rate multiplication or division of optical pulse trains, a general design theory and method that enables wide-range repetition-rate control without altering the dispersive medium are still lacking. In this work, we present a method for programmable repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains based on a fixed dispersive medium, allowing for simultaneous repetition-rate multiplication and division with integer and fractional factors. The effectiveness of our proposed method is investigated through numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations, showing its potential for versatile and tunable optical pulse train generation in advanced photonic systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2264-2270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As fiber-optic transmission systems evolve toward higher per-wavelength-channel data rates, the analog bandwidth of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) has become a bottleneck. Here, external analog multiplexing techniques utilizing multiple DACs in each signaling dimension enable us to generate signals with bandwidths exceeding the DACs’ capabilities. This tutorial provides a comprehensive review of these techniques, including electronic and optical ones. Moreover, it presents an analytical model from the perspective of spectral image superposition as a basis for a unified understanding of the principles of the various schemes.
{"title":"Analog Electronic and Optical Multiplexing Techniques for Transmitter Bandwidth Extension","authors":"Hiroshi Yamazaki;Munehiko Nagatani;Masanori Nakamura;Fukutaro Hamaoka;Takayuki Kobayashi;Toshikazu Hashimoto;Yutaka Miyamoto","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3484571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3484571","url":null,"abstract":"As fiber-optic transmission systems evolve toward higher per-wavelength-channel data rates, the analog bandwidth of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) has become a bottleneck. Here, external analog multiplexing techniques utilizing multiple DACs in each signaling dimension enable us to generate signals with bandwidths exceeding the DACs’ capabilities. This tutorial provides a comprehensive review of these techniques, including electronic and optical ones. Moreover, it presents an analytical model from the perspective of spectral image superposition as a basis for a unified understanding of the principles of the various schemes.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1550-1564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terahertz (THz) fiber that provides high-speed connections is one of the most essential components in THz communication systems. The emerging space-division-multiplexing technology is expected to increase the transmission capacity of THz communications. A promising candidate to achieve that is integrating multiple channels in a compact THz multi-core fiber system. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a THz subwavelength rectangular dielectric dual-core fiber structure, where two identical cores can be densely integrated, thanks to the polarization-maintaining feature of the rectangular fiber. Different configurations of the fiber structure, including the placements, core-spacings, and polarization states of two fiber cores, are comprehensively investigated to improve the channel isolation. Numerical simulations show that the fractional power in core of fiber mode has a dominant effect on inter-core coupling performance. Moreover, we design the core size (1 mm × 0.5 mm) slightly less than the WR5.1 waveguide (1.295 mm × 0.6475 mm) so that the fiber can be conveniently connected with the WR5.1 flange port with mode excitation efficiencies up to 62.8%. A cost-efficient dielectric 3D printing technique is employed for rapid fabrications of dual-core fibers as well as corresponding polymer flange structures that offer solid integration between the fiber samples and the WR5.1 port. Experimental measurements of dual-core fibers demonstrate that a 4-mm core-spacing (less than three times of the operation wavelengths over a frequency range of 0.17–0.21 THz) is sufficient to support robust dual-channel propagation with channel isolation values more than 15 dB, which are consistent with the theoretical and numerical results. This work provides a densely integrated dual-core fiber system with low fabrication cost and practical connection to WR5.1 flange, holding exciting potentials for high-capacity THz space-division-multiplexing communication systems.
{"title":"3D-Printed Terahertz Subwavelength Dual-Core Fibers With Dense Channel-Integration","authors":"Haiyuan Ge;Haisu Li;Lu Jie;Jianshuai Wang;Yang Cao;Shaghik Atakaramians;Yandong Gong;Guobin Ren;Li Pei","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3487649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3487649","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) fiber that provides high-speed connections is one of the most essential components in THz communication systems. The emerging space-division-multiplexing technology is expected to increase the transmission capacity of THz communications. A promising candidate to achieve that is integrating multiple channels in a compact THz multi-core fiber system. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a THz subwavelength rectangular dielectric dual-core fiber structure, where two identical cores can be densely integrated, thanks to the polarization-maintaining feature of the rectangular fiber. Different configurations of the fiber structure, including the placements, core-spacings, and polarization states of two fiber cores, are comprehensively investigated to improve the channel isolation. Numerical simulations show that the fractional power in core of fiber mode has a dominant effect on inter-core coupling performance. Moreover, we design the core size (1 mm × 0.5 mm) slightly less than the WR5.1 waveguide (1.295 mm × 0.6475 mm) so that the fiber can be conveniently connected with the WR5.1 flange port with mode excitation efficiencies up to 62.8%. A cost-efficient dielectric 3D printing technique is employed for rapid fabrications of dual-core fibers as well as corresponding polymer flange structures that offer solid integration between the fiber samples and the WR5.1 port. Experimental measurements of dual-core fibers demonstrate that a 4-mm core-spacing (less than three times of the operation wavelengths over a frequency range of 0.17–0.21 THz) is sufficient to support robust dual-channel propagation with channel isolation values more than 15 dB, which are consistent with the theoretical and numerical results. This work provides a densely integrated dual-core fiber system with low fabrication cost and practical connection to WR5.1 flange, holding exciting potentials for high-capacity THz space-division-multiplexing communication systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2329-2339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3487862
Takeo Sasai;Sze Yun Set;Shinji Yamashita
This paper presents analytical results on the accuracy of fiber-longitudinal optical power monitoring (LPM) at arbitrary positions. To quantify the accuracy, the position-wise variance and power-profile SNR of LPM are defined and analyzed, yielding formulas for these metrics. Using these metrics, we show that various designs and performance predictions of LPM for a given link and estimation conditions are possible in a unified manner. Specifically, the required SNR to detect a given loss event is first presented. Based on this relation, the design parameters of LPM, such as the sample size and optical power required to detect the loss, are explicitly determined. The performance such as the detectable limit of loss events at individual positions and maximum dynamic range are also specified. These results can be used as a basis for establishing a design principle of LPM.
{"title":"Design of Fiber-Longitudinal Optical Power Monitor","authors":"Takeo Sasai;Sze Yun Set;Shinji Yamashita","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3487862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3487862","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents analytical results on the accuracy of fiber-longitudinal optical power monitoring (LPM) at arbitrary positions. To quantify the accuracy, the position-wise variance and power-profile SNR of LPM are defined and analyzed, yielding formulas for these metrics. Using these metrics, we show that various designs and performance predictions of LPM for a given link and estimation conditions are possible in a unified manner. Specifically, the required SNR to detect a given loss event is first presented. Based on this relation, the design parameters of LPM, such as the sample size and optical power required to detect the loss, are explicitly determined. The performance such as the detectable limit of loss events at individual positions and maximum dynamic range are also specified. These results can be used as a basis for establishing a design principle of LPM.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2192-2202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10737366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a single-frequency pulsed fiber laser (SFPFL) operating in the important mid-infrared region. We employed a high precision germanium etalon along with a compound cavity to achieve a single-longitudinal-mode selection and home-synthesized MXene-Ta4C3Tx to initiate Q-switching in an Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser. The MXene-Ta4C3Tx, synthesized through selective etching, exhibits a modulation depth of 14.8% and a saturation optical intensity of 3.62 GW/cm2 at 2794.4 nm. The developed SFPFL is centered at 2780.06 nm with a linewidth as narrow as 320 kHz, and has an output power, repetition rate, pulse width, and pulse energy of 121.8 mW, 132.4 kHz, 1.48 μs, and 0.92 μJ, respectively. The high stability of the laser pulses is confirmed by the high radio-frequency signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB. With the incorporation of a diffraction grating, wavelength tuning from 2753.14 to 2780.26 nm was achieved. Our findings introduce a wavelength-tunable SFPFL source characterized by high coherence, high stability, and low noise. This source effectively addresses the challenges associated with self-modulation-induced temporal instability, elevated noise levels, and reduced coherence typically encountered in conventional multi-longitude-mode Q-switching operations. In addition, our results reveal MXene-Ta4C3Tx as a promising all-optical passive modulator for laser pulse generation in the essential mid-infrared spectral region.
{"title":"Single-Frequency Pulsed Fiber Laser Enabled by Tantalum Carbide Featuring 2.8 μm Wavelength Tunability","authors":"Zongxiao Fan;Honghao Chen;Wenshu Liu;Zhehao Wu;Chencheng Shang;Shengyi Wang;Zhe Kang;Huimin Yue;Dongsheng Wang;Chen Wei;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3487197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3487197","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a single-frequency pulsed fiber laser (SFPFL) operating in the important mid-infrared region. We employed a high precision germanium etalon along with a compound cavity to achieve a single-longitudinal-mode selection and home-synthesized MXene-Ta<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>T<sub>x</sub> to initiate Q-switching in an Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped ZBLAN fiber laser. The MXene-Ta<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>T<sub>x</sub>, synthesized through selective etching, exhibits a modulation depth of 14.8% and a saturation optical intensity of 3.62 GW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2794.4 nm. The developed SFPFL is centered at 2780.06 nm with a linewidth as narrow as 320 kHz, and has an output power, repetition rate, pulse width, and pulse energy of 121.8 mW, 132.4 kHz, 1.48 μs, and 0.92 μJ, respectively. The high stability of the laser pulses is confirmed by the high radio-frequency signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB. With the incorporation of a diffraction grating, wavelength tuning from 2753.14 to 2780.26 nm was achieved. Our findings introduce a wavelength-tunable SFPFL source characterized by high coherence, high stability, and low noise. This source effectively addresses the challenges associated with self-modulation-induced temporal instability, elevated noise levels, and reduced coherence typically encountered in conventional multi-longitude-mode Q-switching operations. In addition, our results reveal MXene-Ta<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>T<sub>x</sub> as a promising all-optical passive modulator for laser pulse generation in the essential mid-infrared spectral region.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2277-2283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3485129
Christina Lim;Chathurika Ranaweera;Yijie Tao;Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas;Sampath Ediringhe;Lena Wosinska;Tingting Song
The radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology which was first introduced in the late eighties has evolved over time and is now considered as a possible solution for future wireless transport. The exponential growth in mobile user applications and their diverse requirements demand the future wireless and its transport network to be more intelligent, software-defined, and ubiquitous to provide immersive, high bandwidth, ultra-low latency, and hyper reliable communication. These evolutions mandate rethinking of the design and development of physical layer and upper layer of RoF technologies. This paper reviews the past and current developments of RoF technologies and summarizes the challenges that the technologies can potentially face in the future to support beyond 5G networks and their requirements.
{"title":"Past and Future Development of Radio-Over-Fiber","authors":"Christina Lim;Chathurika Ranaweera;Yijie Tao;Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas;Sampath Ediringhe;Lena Wosinska;Tingting Song","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3485129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3485129","url":null,"abstract":"The radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology which was first introduced in the late eighties has evolved over time and is now considered as a possible solution for future wireless transport. The exponential growth in mobile user applications and their diverse requirements demand the future wireless and its transport network to be more intelligent, software-defined, and ubiquitous to provide immersive, high bandwidth, ultra-low latency, and hyper reliable communication. These evolutions mandate rethinking of the design and development of physical layer and upper layer of RoF technologies. This paper reviews the past and current developments of RoF technologies and summarizes the challenges that the technologies can potentially face in the future to support beyond 5G networks and their requirements.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1525-1541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3486929
Yuejuan Lv;Hao Li;Ke Ai;Zhengqi Sun;Tenghua Ai;Zhijun Yan;Qizhen Sun
Distributed optical fiber sensor based on optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR) preserves its dominant position in strain measurement fields with high sensitivity, spatial resolution. However, the cross-correlation based frequency-OFDR will degrade the spatial resolution due to the calculation of adding window. The advent of phase-OFDR has significantly alleviated this issue, but it is more susceptible to phase noise. In this paper, the position mismatch compensation-outlier phase correction (PMC-OPC) scheme combined with the backscattering enhanced optical fiber (BEOF) is proposed to address the phase noise problem. The BEOF with high intensity and phase signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) facilitates the expansion of the strain detection range and the suppression of the phase fading noise. Additionally, it is utilized to identify positional offset on the basis of its distinctive periodicity characteristics. The PMC-OPC approach is employed to address the position mismatch, phase hopping, and random nonlinear phase noise. In the experiments, the high-resolution distributed strain measurement is simultaneously achieved with the theoretical spatial and strain resolutions of 40 μm and 21.05 nϵ under the conditions of 20 nm sweeping range, 25 dB BEOF intensity enhancement, and the strain measurement range of 3600 μϵ. Furthermore, the actual sensing spatial and strain resolutions are measured to be 23.2 mm and 4 μϵ, respectively. The proposed approach not only enables the positioning resolution to reach the theoretical limit of the OFDR system within the given sweep range, but also mitigates the inherent trade-off between the spatial resolution and strain resolution.
{"title":"Ultra-High Resolution ϕ-OFDR Strain Sensor Based on BEOF and PMC-OPC Scheme","authors":"Yuejuan Lv;Hao Li;Ke Ai;Zhengqi Sun;Tenghua Ai;Zhijun Yan;Qizhen Sun","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3486929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3486929","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed optical fiber sensor based on optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR) preserves its dominant position in strain measurement fields with high sensitivity, spatial resolution. However, the cross-correlation based frequency-OFDR will degrade the spatial resolution due to the calculation of adding window. The advent of phase-OFDR has significantly alleviated this issue, but it is more susceptible to phase noise. In this paper, the position mismatch compensation-outlier phase correction (PMC-OPC) scheme combined with the backscattering enhanced optical fiber (BEOF) is proposed to address the phase noise problem. The BEOF with high intensity and phase signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) facilitates the expansion of the strain detection range and the suppression of the phase fading noise. Additionally, it is utilized to identify positional offset on the basis of its distinctive periodicity characteristics. The PMC-OPC approach is employed to address the position mismatch, phase hopping, and random nonlinear phase noise. In the experiments, the high-resolution distributed strain measurement is simultaneously achieved with the theoretical spatial and strain resolutions of 40 μm and 21.05 nϵ under the conditions of 20 nm sweeping range, 25 dB BEOF intensity enhancement, and the strain measurement range of 3600 μϵ. Furthermore, the actual sensing spatial and strain resolutions are measured to be 23.2 mm and 4 μϵ, respectively. The proposed approach not only enables the positioning resolution to reach the theoretical limit of the OFDR system within the given sweep range, but also mitigates the inherent trade-off between the spatial resolution and strain resolution.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2363-2370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3486818
Qian Zhang;Zhisheng Yang;Xiaobin Hong;Jian Wu
An analytical model linking the demodulated phase precision and system parameters for standard heterodyne-detection phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry ($Phi$-OTDR) is proposed and experimentally validated. This model innovatively leverages the independence of additive noise and phase noise, circumventing the traditional challenge of clarifying the intricate relationship between phase-noise-involved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the phase precision. The developed model serves as a theoretical tool for understanding how phase precision is determined by system parameters, allowing for theoretical anticipations of phase precision at any fiber position under given measurement conditions. Additionally, the model enables the optimization of system parameters for high performance and low cost, with no need to build up an experimental system.
{"title":"Modeling the Demodulated Phase Precision of Standard Heterodyne-Detection Phase-Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry","authors":"Qian Zhang;Zhisheng Yang;Xiaobin Hong;Jian Wu","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3486818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3486818","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical model linking the demodulated phase precision and system parameters for standard heterodyne-detection phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (<inline-formula><tex-math>$Phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>-OTDR) is proposed and experimentally validated. This model innovatively leverages the independence of additive noise and phase noise, circumventing the traditional challenge of clarifying the intricate relationship between phase-noise-involved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the phase precision. The developed model serves as a theoretical tool for understanding how phase precision is determined by system parameters, allowing for theoretical anticipations of phase precision at any fiber position under given measurement conditions. Additionally, the model enables the optimization of system parameters for high performance and low cost, with no need to build up an experimental system.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2418-2427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3486718
Ye Su;Zhuang Chen;Fang Xu;Yichen Ye;Xiao Jiang;Weichen Liu;Yiyuan Xie
Motivated by the increasing capability of artificial intelligence (AI) in solving a large class of problems, integrated photonic neural networks (PNNs) with Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs), have shown some advantages, such as low power, low latency, and high bandwidth alternatives to digitally electric neural networks. However, as the complexity of the problem being tackled grows, PNNs are accompanied by massive model sizes, necessitating significant computational and tuning power consumption. To enable the deployment of large-scale PNNs in power-constrained environments and maintain inference performance, in this paper, we target at pruning the redundant phase weights in PNNs. More specifically, we first investigate the feasibility of pruning based on phase size and point out sparse pruning schemes. Additionally, a multi-objective PNNs pruning method that trade-offs the accuracy and the tuning power consumption of networks is proposed and we solve this model with swarm optimization, named PP-MOPSO. Experimental results demonstrate that PP-MOPSO achieves a 97.3% reduction in on-chip power consumption while maintaining 90.51% inference accuracy on PNNs using the MNIST dataset. In the other case with CIFAR-10 dataset, the method achieves 94.98% power savings with a 6.39% accuracy loss.
{"title":"A Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Pruning on Photonic Neural Networks","authors":"Ye Su;Zhuang Chen;Fang Xu;Yichen Ye;Xiao Jiang;Weichen Liu;Yiyuan Xie","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2024.3486718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3486718","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the increasing capability of artificial intelligence (AI) in solving a large class of problems, integrated photonic neural networks (PNNs) with Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs), have shown some advantages, such as low power, low latency, and high bandwidth alternatives to digitally electric neural networks. However, as the complexity of the problem being tackled grows, PNNs are accompanied by massive model sizes, necessitating significant computational and tuning power consumption. To enable the deployment of large-scale PNNs in power-constrained environments and maintain inference performance, in this paper, we target at pruning the redundant phase weights in PNNs. More specifically, we first investigate the feasibility of pruning based on phase size and point out sparse pruning schemes. Additionally, a multi-objective PNNs pruning method that trade-offs the accuracy and the tuning power consumption of networks is proposed and we solve this model with swarm optimization, named PP-MOPSO. Experimental results demonstrate that PP-MOPSO achieves a 97.3% reduction in on-chip power consumption while maintaining 90.51% inference accuracy on PNNs using the MNIST dataset. In the other case with CIFAR-10 dataset, the method achieves 94.98% power savings with a 6.39% accuracy loss.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 5","pages":"2213-2225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：