Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.048
Tao Li, Wan Wang, Jiawei Chen, Yue Wang, Xiangbin Cai, Lini Yang, Xin Liu, Jiangyong Diao, Zarrin Es'haghi, Lixin Xia, Li Jin, Guoqing Wang, Hongyang Liu
The development of highly efficient nanozymes faces challenges of insufficient catalytic activity and low atom utilization. Atomically dispersed metal nanozymes have received widespread attention due to their high atomic utilization efficiency and exceptional catalytic activity. Bimetallic catalysts demonstrated enhanced catalytic performance owing to synergistic geometric and electronic effects arising from heterometallic interactions. Herein, we report an atomically dispersed palladium-iron bimetallic cluster nanozyme, in which fully exposed Pd clusters bonded to adjacent Fe atomic clusters are anchored onto defect-rich nanodiamond-graphene supports (PdFe/ND@G). The Pd-Fe interfacial sites fabricated in atomically dispersed bimetallic clusters deliver abundant oxygen activation sites for high-efficiency catalytic reactions and exhibit enhanced oxidase-like catalytic activity, demonstrating superior enzymatic activity and antibacterial performance compared to monometallic Pd and Fe clusters, while surpassing those of previously reported nanozymes. DFT calculations reveal that, compared to monometallic Pd clusters, atomically dispersed Pd-Fe clusters synergistically catalyze O2 cleavage into OO* intermediates via Pd-Fe interfacial sites while exhibiting lower energy barriers, which is the critical factor for their enhanced enzyme-like activity. This study provides novel insights into constructing highly efficient atomically dispersed bimetallic cluster nanozymes.
{"title":"Atomically dispersed bimetallic Pd-Fe clusters for boosting catalytic antibacterial performance with O2","authors":"Tao Li, Wan Wang, Jiawei Chen, Yue Wang, Xiangbin Cai, Lini Yang, Xin Liu, Jiangyong Diao, Zarrin Es'haghi, Lixin Xia, Li Jin, Guoqing Wang, Hongyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.048","url":null,"abstract":"The development of highly efficient nanozymes faces challenges of insufficient catalytic activity and low atom utilization. Atomically dispersed metal nanozymes have received widespread attention due to their high atomic utilization efficiency and exceptional catalytic activity. Bimetallic catalysts demonstrated enhanced catalytic performance owing to synergistic geometric and electronic effects arising from heterometallic interactions. Herein, we report an atomically dispersed palladium-iron bimetallic cluster nanozyme, in which fully exposed Pd clusters bonded to adjacent Fe atomic clusters are anchored onto defect-rich nanodiamond-graphene supports (PdFe/ND@G). The Pd-Fe interfacial sites fabricated in atomically dispersed bimetallic clusters deliver abundant oxygen activation sites for high-efficiency catalytic reactions and exhibit enhanced oxidase-like catalytic activity, demonstrating superior enzymatic activity and antibacterial performance compared to monometallic Pd and Fe clusters, while surpassing those of previously reported nanozymes. DFT calculations reveal that, compared to monometallic Pd clusters, atomically dispersed Pd-Fe clusters synergistically catalyze O<sub>2</sub> cleavage into OO* intermediates via Pd-Fe interfacial sites while exhibiting lower energy barriers, which is the critical factor for their enhanced enzyme-like activity. This study provides novel insights into constructing highly efficient atomically dispersed bimetallic cluster nanozymes.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.002
Chi Huang, Liya Zheng, Zhilin Tian, Bin Li
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) honeycombs are gaining increasing attention due to their high specific strength, excellent dielectric properties, and superior heat resistance. However, producing Si3N4 honeycombs with complex geometries and precisely controlled pore structures remains a significant challenge. This study successfully fabricates eight types of Si3N4 honeycomb ceramics with intricate designs using vat photopolymerization (VPP) technology. To enable these advanced structures, a slurry with enhanced curing depth was developed by hydroxylating Si3N4 powders and incorporating a highly reactive photosensitive resin, achieving a curing depth of 120 μm. The viscosity of the slurry decreased from 1782.17 to 0.70 Pa s as the shear rate increased from 1 to 100 s−1, with no noticeable sedimentation observed after 30 days. The study also investigates the failure mechanisms and mechanical properties of the different honeycomb structures. It was found that the failure modes were closely linked to their cell structure, with re-entrant, triangular, and square honeycombs exhibiting exceptional compressive properties. Notably, the re-entrant honeycomb demonstrated superior compressive strength, elastic modulus, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and specific strength of 453.8 ± 41.6 MPa, 7.7 ± 0.8 GPa, 14.4 ± 1.3 kJ, 6.6 ± 0.4 kJ kg−1, and 210.2 ± 18.6 MPa cm3 g−1, respectively. The results indicate that the re-entrant structure, with its negative Poisson’s ratio, benefits from an interplay of strut deformations that delay failure, enhancing the overall structural strength. This work highlights the potential of VPP 3D printing to fabricate Si3N4 ceramic honeycombs with sophisticated structures and controllable pore geometries. It offers valuable insights into the mechanical properties and failure behaviors of different honeycomb designs, providing a foundation for the future design and application of Si3N4 honeycomb ceramics.
{"title":"Fabrication and mechanical properties of VPP 3D-printed silicon nitride honeycombs","authors":"Chi Huang, Liya Zheng, Zhilin Tian, Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) honeycombs are gaining increasing attention due to their high specific strength, excellent dielectric properties, and superior heat resistance. However, producing Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> honeycombs with complex geometries and precisely controlled pore structures remains a significant challenge. This study successfully fabricates eight types of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> honeycomb ceramics with intricate designs using vat photopolymerization (VPP) technology. To enable these advanced structures, a slurry with enhanced curing depth was developed by hydroxylating Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> powders and incorporating a highly reactive photosensitive resin, achieving a curing depth of 120 μm. The viscosity of the slurry decreased from 1782.17 to 0.70 Pa s as the shear rate increased from 1 to 100 s<sup>−1</sup>, with no noticeable sedimentation observed after 30 days. The study also investigates the failure mechanisms and mechanical properties of the different honeycomb structures. It was found that the failure modes were closely linked to their cell structure, with re-entrant, triangular, and square honeycombs exhibiting exceptional compressive properties. Notably, the re-entrant honeycomb demonstrated superior compressive strength, elastic modulus, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and specific strength of 453.8 ± 41.6 MPa, 7.7 ± 0.8 GPa, 14.4 ± 1.3 kJ, 6.6 ± 0.4 kJ kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 210.2 ± 18.6 MPa cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The results indicate that the re-entrant structure, with its negative Poisson’s ratio, benefits from an interplay of strut deformations that delay failure, enhancing the overall structural strength. This work highlights the potential of VPP 3D printing to fabricate Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic honeycombs with sophisticated structures and controllable pore geometries. It offers valuable insights into the mechanical properties and failure behaviors of different honeycomb designs, providing a foundation for the future design and application of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> honeycomb ceramics.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.046
Xuan Li, Jinkun Liu, Zirui Jia, Di Lan, Ding Ai, Zhenguo Gao, Fengrui Bai, Guanglei Wu
Constructing Schottky heterojunctions to enhance interfacial polarization holds great potential for advancing materials with efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption capabilities. In this study, porous carbon fiber composites were prepared by calcining NiFe-containing precursors to catalyze the growth of N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs). This approach resulted in the encapsulation of numerous NiFe nanoalloy particles within the N-CNTs, creating abundant Schottky heterointerfaces. Theoretical calculations confirmed the formation of Schottky heterojunctions and electron transfer from the NiFe nanoalloy particles to the N-CNTs, which established a strong built-in electric field and enhanced interfacial polarization. Experimental and analytical tests demonstrated excellent EMW absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −52.4 dB at a thickness of 1.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.36 GHz at 2.5 mm. Furthermore, owing to its unique structural configuration, the composite exhibited outstanding corrosion resistance. This study elucidates the contribution of Schottky heterojunctions to synergistic polarization enhancement and provides meaningful guidance for the rational design of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials through heterointerface engineering.
{"title":"Schottky heterojunctions enabling enhanced interfacial polarization for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Xuan Li, Jinkun Liu, Zirui Jia, Di Lan, Ding Ai, Zhenguo Gao, Fengrui Bai, Guanglei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.046","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing Schottky heterojunctions to enhance interfacial polarization holds great potential for advancing materials with efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption capabilities. In this study, porous carbon fiber composites were prepared by calcining NiFe-containing precursors to catalyze the growth of N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs). This approach resulted in the encapsulation of numerous NiFe nanoalloy particles within the N-CNTs, creating abundant Schottky heterointerfaces. Theoretical calculations confirmed the formation of Schottky heterojunctions and electron transfer from the NiFe nanoalloy particles to the N-CNTs, which established a strong built-in electric field and enhanced interfacial polarization. Experimental and analytical tests demonstrated excellent EMW absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −52.4 dB at a thickness of 1.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.36 GHz at 2.5 mm. Furthermore, owing to its unique structural configuration, the composite exhibited outstanding corrosion resistance. This study elucidates the contribution of Schottky heterojunctions to synergistic polarization enhancement and provides meaningful guidance for the rational design of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials through heterointerface engineering.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dual-scale lamellar α-phase microstructure was developed in Ti575 alloy through solution treatment in the (α+β) region. Lowering solution temperature coarsened the lamellar α phase and reduced Al content, thereby shifting the early deformation mechanism to α twinning, followed by extensive dislocation slip. The significant twinning-induced plasticity effect from micron-scale α lamellae, combined with the crack-arresting capability of the dual-scale lamellar architecture, increased the elongation from 5.6% to 16.9% while maintaining the alloy’s strength. This approach, which does not require changes to the alloy composition, provides a practical and effective method to significantly enhance the plasticity of titanium alloys without compromising their strength.
{"title":"Enhancing plasticity in Ti575 alloy through controlled deformation mechanisms activation by solid solution treatment","authors":"Guodong Wang, Sisi Xie, Yuqing Song, Mingxiang Zhu, Jinhong Guo, Xiaoxuan Xu, Yonghao Yu, Xiangyi Xue, Hongchao Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.047","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-scale lamellar α-phase microstructure was developed in Ti575 alloy through solution treatment in the (α+β) region. Lowering solution temperature coarsened the lamellar α phase and reduced Al content, thereby shifting the early deformation mechanism to α twinning, followed by extensive dislocation slip. The significant twinning-induced plasticity effect from micron-scale α lamellae, combined with the crack-arresting capability of the dual-scale lamellar architecture, increased the elongation from 5.6% to 16.9% while maintaining the alloy’s strength. This approach, which does not require changes to the alloy composition, provides a practical and effective method to significantly enhance the plasticity of titanium alloys without compromising their strength.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.001
Binbin Ning, Junyao Wu, Sai Liu, Jinwei Guo, Xiaopeng Hu, Qing Liu, Wang Zhu
A series of five (5RE0.2)Ta3O9 high-entropy ceramics (RE = La, Gd, Nd, Dy, Sm, Eu, Ce) is successfully synthesized via a solid-state method. Their temperature-dependent fracture toughness is systematically investigated across the 25–1200 °C range, using in situ three-point bending tests coupled with the digital image correlation method. The fracture toughness exhibits a non-monotonic variation: it peaks at 2.3 MPa m1/2 at room temperature, then sharply declines to a minimum of 1.5 MPa m1/2 at 400 °C. Subsequently, an anomalous rebound to approximately 2.1 MPa m1/2 is observed at 800 °C, followed by a further decrease, stabilizing between 1.7 and 1.9 MPa m1/2 at 1200 °C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscope results confirm an irreversible orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transformation occurring between 600 and 800 °C. Aberration-corrected STEM provides direct atomic-scale evidence of a high-density dislocation network interacting with crack tips, revealing dislocation pinning, bridging, and crack deflection. The combined action of phase-transformation-induced lattice strain and dislocation-mediated toughening effectively suppresses linear crack advance and enhances energy dissipation, thereby accounting for the partial recovery of fracture toughness at 800 °C. These direct observations establish a distinctive synergistic toughening mechanism in high-entropy ceramics, in which irreversible phase transformation and thermally activated dislocation networks cooperate to improve high-temperature fracture resistance.
{"title":"Synergistic toughening by phase transformation and dislocation activity in (5RE0.2)Ta3O9 (RE = La, Gd, Nd, Dy, Sm, Eu, Ce) high-entropy ceramics","authors":"Binbin Ning, Junyao Wu, Sai Liu, Jinwei Guo, Xiaopeng Hu, Qing Liu, Wang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"A series of five (5RE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.2</ce:inf>)Ta<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">9</ce:inf> high-entropy ceramics (RE = La, Gd, Nd, Dy, Sm, Eu, Ce) is successfully synthesized via a solid-state method. Their temperature-dependent fracture toughness is systematically investigated across the 25–1200 °C range, using in situ three-point bending tests coupled with the digital image correlation method. The fracture toughness exhibits a non-monotonic variation: it peaks at 2.3 MPa m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1/2</ce:sup> at room temperature, then sharply declines to a minimum of 1.5 MPa m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1/2</ce:sup> at 400 °C. Subsequently, an anomalous rebound to approximately 2.1 MPa m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1/2</ce:sup> is observed at 800 °C, followed by a further decrease, stabilizing between 1.7 and 1.9 MPa m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1/2</ce:sup> at 1200 °C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscope results confirm an irreversible orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transformation occurring between 600 and 800 °C. Aberration-corrected STEM provides direct atomic-scale evidence of a high-density dislocation network interacting with crack tips, revealing dislocation pinning, bridging, and crack deflection. The combined action of phase-transformation-induced lattice strain and dislocation-mediated toughening effectively suppresses linear crack advance and enhances energy dissipation, thereby accounting for the partial recovery of fracture toughness at 800 °C. These direct observations establish a distinctive synergistic toughening mechanism in high-entropy ceramics, in which irreversible phase transformation and thermally activated dislocation networks cooperate to improve high-temperature fracture resistance.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.044
Yidong Hu, Fan Yang, Guoliang Ren, Jianguo Li, Qiaodan Hu
The effect of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) of the solidification atmosphere on the formation of single-phase Bi2Ti2O7 prepared by deep undercooling rapid solidification was investigated. Comprehensive analyses on the solidification products showed that single-phase Bi2Ti2O7 was highly sensitive to the presence of oxygen in the solidification atmosphere. At a low pO2 of 1%, Bi2Ti4O11 was identified as the secondary phase; at pO2 of 5% and 10%, Bi4Ti3O12 was observed as the secondary phase. The formation mechanisms of different types of secondary phases under various pO2 were discussed from density functional theory calculations and solidification pathway analysis. Results from this work revealed the critical role of solidification atmosphere on the synthesis of single-phase Bi2Ti2O7 by rapid solidification, and the findings might be expanded to the solidification of other metastable oxides.
{"title":"Ultrahigh oxygen sensitivity to the formation of single-phase Bi2Ti2O7 pyrochlore during deep undercooling solidification","authors":"Yidong Hu, Fan Yang, Guoliang Ren, Jianguo Li, Qiaodan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.044","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of oxygen partial pressure (<em>p</em>O<sub>2</sub>) of the solidification atmosphere on the formation of single-phase Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> prepared by deep undercooling rapid solidification was investigated. Comprehensive analyses on the solidification products showed that single-phase Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> was highly sensitive to the presence of oxygen in the solidification atmosphere. At a low <em>p</em>O<sub>2</sub> of 1%, Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> was identified as the secondary phase; at <em>p</em>O<sub>2</sub> of 5% and 10%, Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> was observed as the secondary phase. The formation mechanisms of different types of secondary phases under various <em>p</em>O<sub>2</sub> were discussed from density functional theory calculations and solidification pathway analysis. Results from this work revealed the critical role of solidification atmosphere on the synthesis of single-phase Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> by rapid solidification, and the findings might be expanded to the solidification of other metastable oxides.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.038
Jiandong Yin, Bin Wang, Yunmei Xie, Guiyan Yang, Dong Xiang, Yuanpeng Wu, Tao Peng, Jie Zhang, Tianhang Huang, Chunxia Zhao, Hui Li, Jinbo Cheng, Xinnian Fan
High-performance aerogels, characterized by ultra-low density and very low thermal conductivity, show great potential for applications in aerospace, energy management, and fire safety. However, conventional inorganic aerogels often exhibit high brittleness and poor toughness. Single-component aramid Ⅲ nanofiber (AⅢNF) aerogels tend to collapse structurally when exposed to high temperatures or flames, which severely restricts their long-term performance. To overcome this challenge, we propose an interface-engineered in-situ polymerization coating strategy. A robust composite aerogel framework is fabricated by in-situ polymerizing polybenzoxazine (PBa) onto the surface of AⅢNFs. The preparation of this aerogel involves four main steps: (i) deprotonation and reprotonation of AⅢNFs, (ii) acid-catalyzed polymerization of benzoxazine monomers, (Ⅲ) ice-template-assisted freeze-drying, and (iv) hydrophobic modification through chemical vapor deposition. The resulting PBa/AⅢNF composite aerogel demonstrates very low thermal conductivity (0.027–0.032 W m−1 K−1), high compressive strength (up to 18.92 MPa), a robust compressive modulus (11.59 MPa), and intrinsic flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index of 41.7%. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the PBa coating strengthens interfacial bonding via hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, while generating a dense carbon layer during combustion that effectively impedes heat and oxygen transfer. In addition, the aerogel displays superhydrophobicity (contact angle > 150°) and long-term thermal aging stability at elevated temperatures. This study proposes a universal strategy that integrates high-char-forming polymers with nanofiber frameworks, enabling synergistic optimization of aerogel lightweight design, mechanical reinforcement, and multifunctional protection.
高性能气凝胶具有超低密度和极低导热性的特点，在航空航天、能源管理和消防安全方面具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，传统的无机气凝胶往往具有脆性高、韧性差的特点。单组分芳纶Ⅲ纳米纤维（AⅢNF）气凝胶在高温或火焰下容易发生结构崩塌，这严重限制了其长期性能。为了克服这一挑战，我们提出了一种界面工程原位聚合涂层策略。将聚苯并恶嗪（PBa）原位聚合到AⅢNFs表面，制备了坚固的复合气凝胶框架。该气凝胶的制备包括四个主要步骤：(i) AⅢNFs的去质子化和再还原，（ii）酸催化苯并恶嗪单体聚合，（Ⅲ）冰模板辅助冷冻干燥，（iv）通过化学气相沉积进行疏水改性。所制得的PBa/AⅢNF复合气凝胶导热系数极低（0.027 ~ 0.032 W m−1 K−1），抗压强度高（高达18.92 MPa），抗压模量高（11.59 MPa），固有阻燃性（极限氧指数为41.7%）。机理分析表明，PBa涂层通过氢键和π-π相互作用增强界面键合，同时在燃烧过程中产生致密的碳层，有效地阻碍了热量和氧气的传递。此外，气凝胶具有超疏水性（接触角>； 150°）和高温下的长期热老化稳定性。本研究提出了一种通用策略，将高炭成型聚合物与纳米纤维框架相结合，实现气凝胶轻量化设计、机械加固和多功能保护的协同优化。
{"title":"Interface-engineered Polybenzoxazine/Aramid Ⅲ nanofiber composite aerogels with ultralow thermal conductivity, exceptional mechanical robustness, and intrinsic flame retardancy","authors":"Jiandong Yin, Bin Wang, Yunmei Xie, Guiyan Yang, Dong Xiang, Yuanpeng Wu, Tao Peng, Jie Zhang, Tianhang Huang, Chunxia Zhao, Hui Li, Jinbo Cheng, Xinnian Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.038","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance aerogels, characterized by ultra-low density and very low thermal conductivity, show great potential for applications in aerospace, energy management, and fire safety. However, conventional inorganic aerogels often exhibit high brittleness and poor toughness. Single-component aramid Ⅲ nanofiber (AⅢNF) aerogels tend to collapse structurally when exposed to high temperatures or flames, which severely restricts their long-term performance. To overcome this challenge, we propose an interface-engineered in-situ polymerization coating strategy. A robust composite aerogel framework is fabricated by in-situ polymerizing polybenzoxazine (PBa) onto the surface of AⅢNFs. The preparation of this aerogel involves four main steps: (i) deprotonation and reprotonation of AⅢNFs, (ii) acid-catalyzed polymerization of benzoxazine monomers, (Ⅲ) ice-template-assisted freeze-drying, and (iv) hydrophobic modification through chemical vapor deposition. The resulting PBa/AⅢNF composite aerogel demonstrates very low thermal conductivity (0.027–0.032 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), high compressive strength (up to 18.92 MPa), a robust compressive modulus (11.59 MPa), and intrinsic flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index of 41.7%. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the PBa coating strengthens interfacial bonding via hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, while generating a dense carbon layer during combustion that effectively impedes heat and oxygen transfer. In addition, the aerogel displays superhydrophobicity (contact angle > 150°) and long-term thermal aging stability at elevated temperatures. This study proposes a universal strategy that integrates high-char-forming polymers with nanofiber frameworks, enabling synergistic optimization of aerogel lightweight design, mechanical reinforcement, and multifunctional protection.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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