Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第9页

Assessing nanoparticle-enabled dsRNA delivery for oral RNAi in two orthopteran pests: Schistocerca gregaria and Melanoplus sanguinipes 评估纳米颗粒使dsRNA在两种直足动物害虫中的口服RNAi递送：grestocerca gregaria和Melanoplus sanguinipes。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104825

Seema Rana , Changsun Kang , Seonghyun Ryu , Derek A. Woller , Dongin Kim , Hojun Song

Locusts and pest grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) cause significant economic losses to agricultural crops and rangeland forage and can even cause humanitarian crises during periodic plagues. Current management methods for these insects rely heavily on broad-spectrum chemical insecticides and growth regulators, which can affect non-target organisms and may eventually develop resistance in the targeted species. Therefore, we assessed the potential of RNA interference (RNAi)-based alternative strategies that could supplement the current management methods. In insects, RNAi efficiency is known to vary with the method of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery. In this study, we tested two different delivery methods (injection and oral feeding) in the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) and showed that both species are sensitive to the injection but not to the oral feeding of dsRNA, likely due to high nuclease activity or poor uptake in the midgut. To address these limitations, we explored the utility of using nanoparticles that are often used for drug delivery in humans as a carrier (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid [PLGA] and poly(L-arginine)-polyethylene glycol [PLA-PEG]) for orally delivering dsRNA to the insect pests. Although the PLGA nanoparticles successfully permeated the digestive system into the hemolymph and the PLA-PEG-dsRNA complexes remained stable in the midgut juice and were detected in the fat body, neither dsRNA-encapsulating nanoparticle elicited gene knockdown upon oral feeding. These results suggest that nanoparticle-based oral delivery improves dsRNA stability and midgut permeation. However, additional barriers must be overcome to achieve efficient oral RNAi in these orthopteran pest species.

蝗虫和害虫蚱蜢（直翅目：蝗科）对农作物和牧场饲料造成重大经济损失，甚至在周期性瘟疫期间造成人道主义危机。目前对这些昆虫的管理方法严重依赖于广谱化学杀虫剂和生长调节剂，这些方法可以影响非目标生物，并可能最终在目标物种中产生抗药性。因此，我们评估了基于RNA干扰（RNAi）的替代策略的潜力，这些策略可以补充当前的管理方法。在昆虫中，已知RNAi效率随双链RNA （dsRNA）递送方法的不同而变化。在这项研究中，我们在沙漠蝗（Schistocerca gregaria）和迁徙蚱蜢（Melanoplus sanguinipes）中测试了两种不同的给药方法（注射和口服），结果表明这两种物种对注射dsRNA敏感，但对口服dsRNA不敏感，这可能是由于核酸酶活性高或在中肠吸收不良。为了解决这些限制，我们探索了使用通常用于人体药物递送的纳米颗粒作为载体（聚乳酸-羟基乙酸[PLGA]和聚（l -精氨酸）-聚乙二醇[PLA-PEG]）的效用，用于向害虫口服dsRNA。尽管PLGA纳米颗粒成功地渗透到消化系统的血淋巴中，并且PLA-PEG-dsRNA复合物在中肠液中保持稳定，并且在脂肪体中检测到，但口服喂养时，dsrna包封纳米颗粒都不会引起基因敲低。这些结果表明，基于纳米颗粒的口服给药改善了dsRNA的稳定性和中肠渗透。然而，为了在这些骨科害虫物种中实现有效的口服RNAi，必须克服额外的障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Termite queen physogastry and associated mechanisms shaping a high lifetime fecundity 白蚁蚁后的生理和相关机制塑造了高的终身繁殖力。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104824

Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo , Vanelize Janei , Ana Cristina Ignatti , Iago Bueno da Silva

Termites are eusocial insects whose colonies are usually headed by a pair of reproductives (queen and king). During its lifespan, the royal couple faces an age-dependent increase in fecundity. In queens, it reflects on the disproportional development of the ovaries and enlargement of the abdominal cuticle, a phenomenon referred to as physogastry. Beyond the impact on the ovaries and egg production, physogastry requires the morphological and physiological reprogramming of other systems such as the digestive, tracheal, muscular, and circulatory, resulting in a process that takes years to happen. Given the sampling difficulty and the absence of physogastric queens in some model species, such a topic is overlooked, and a comprehensive review has not been provided to date. Here we aim to review the process of physogastry in termite queens, from the pioneer studies on the morphological changes accompanying this process to recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying fecundity and the remarkable longevity reached by mature queens (e.g., TI-J-LiFe framework). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors driving this phenomenon, its impact on colony growth, and the current knowledge gaps are also discussed. We expect that our approach paves the way for further studies of termite physogastry, especially given the advances of molecular tools and recent termite phylogenies, and comparative analyses with other eusocial insects and the mechanisms driving this phenomenon in the different groups. Physogastry is a rare process in adult insects and remarkable in termite queens, offering a unique opportunity to unravel the basis of a highly fecund life.

白蚁是群居昆虫，蚁群通常由一对繁殖蚁（蚁后和蚁王）领导。在这对皇室夫妇的一生中，他们的生育能力会随着年龄的增长而增加。在女王身上，它反映了卵巢不成比例的发育和腹部角质层的扩大，这种现象被称为生理发育。除了对卵巢和卵子生产的影响外，生理上的改变还需要其他系统如消化系统、气管系统、肌肉系统和循环系统的形态和生理上的改变，这一过程需要数年才能完成。考虑到采样困难和在一些模式物种中没有胃皇后，这样的话题被忽视了，迄今为止还没有提供全面的审查。在此，我们旨在回顾白蚁蚁后的生理过程，从这一过程中形态学变化的先驱研究到成熟蚁后繁殖力和长寿的分子机制的最新进展（如TI-J-LiFe框架）。驱动这一现象的内在和外在因素，其对菌落生长的影响，以及目前的知识差距也进行了讨论。我们期望我们的方法为白蚁生理学的进一步研究铺平道路，特别是考虑到分子工具的进步和最近的白蚁系统发育，以及与其他群居昆虫的比较分析和不同群体中驱动这种现象的机制。生理反应在成年昆虫中是一种罕见的过程，在白蚁蚁后中尤为显著，它提供了一个独特的机会来揭示一个高度多产的生命的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Do bumble bees make optimal nutritional choices? 大黄蜂能做出最佳的营养选择吗？

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104822

Etya Amsalem, Anna Cressman, Seyed Ali Modarres Hasani

Nutrition is crucial for bees, impacting their health, survival, and pollination performance in ecosystems and agriculture. Bees get essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, primarily from nectar and pollen. Many bee species are experiencing declines linked partially to nutritional stress, often exacerbated by climate change, pesticides, and pathogens, highlighting the need to understand and support optimal bee nutrition to mitigate these stressors. Bumble bees, such as Bombus impatient and Bombus terrestris, essential pollinators in agriculture, are known to regulate their nutrient intake. However, whether their dietary choices improve fitness is poorly understood. We tested diets with varying protein, lipid, and carbohydrate compositions, analyzing impacts on consumption, body mass, egg laying, and ovarian activation. Results showed that bees overconsumed pollen on protein-enriched diets and under consumed it on lipid-enriched and glucose-based diets. Nectar overconsumption was observed on low-concentration sucrose diets. These patterns, however, did not correspond to improved fitness, as egg laying and body mass were negatively correlated with consumption in diets enriched with protein and sugar. Ovarian activation was largely unaffected across most diets, indicating it may not be a reliable indicator of diet quality. These findings raise doubts about whether bees make optimal nutritional choices and suggest that diet consumption alone may not be a reliable indicator of their optimal diet. Alternatively, bees made the best possible decisions under circumstances that presented a lose-lose tradeoff across all the diets provided. These data can inform future studies on nutritional stress, enhance interpretations of bee diet preferences in bioassays, and guide bumble bee management practices.

营养对蜜蜂至关重要，影响它们在生态系统和农业中的健康、生存和授粉表现。蜜蜂主要从花蜜和花粉中获取必需的营养物质，如碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类、维生素和矿物质。许多蜜蜂物种正在经历与营养压力部分相关的衰退，而营养压力往往因气候变化、杀虫剂和病原体而加剧，这凸显了了解和支持最佳蜜蜂营养以减轻这些压力源的必要性。大黄蜂（Bombus不耐烦和Bombus terrestris）是农业中必不可少的传粉者，它们调节自己的营养摄入。然而，人们对他们的饮食选择是否能改善健康状况知之甚少。我们测试了含有不同蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物成分的饮食，分析了对摄入量、体重、产蛋量和卵巢活性的影响。结果表明，蜜蜂在富含蛋白质的饮食中过量摄入花粉，而在富含脂肪和葡萄糖的饮食中摄入花粉不足。在低浓度蔗糖饲粮中观察到花蜜过度消耗。然而，这些模式并不与健康状况的改善相对应，因为产蛋量和体重与富含蛋白质和糖的饮食摄入量呈负相关。卵巢激活在大多数饮食中基本上没有受到影响，这表明它可能不是饮食质量的可靠指标。这些发现引发了人们对蜜蜂是否会做出最佳营养选择的质疑，并表明饮食消耗本身可能不是蜜蜂最佳饮食的可靠指标。或者，蜜蜂在所有提供的饮食中呈现双输权衡的情况下做出了最好的决定。这些数据可以为未来的营养应激研究提供信息，增强生物测定中对蜜蜂饮食偏好的解释，并指导大黄蜂的管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Leaving the web: Testing the link between predation style and resting metabolic rate using closely related spiders with contrasting lifestyles 离开蛛网：用生活方式截然不同的近亲蜘蛛来测试捕食方式和静息代谢率之间的联系。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104819

Kathryn Nagel , Caroline Williams , Rosemary Gillespie

Resting metabolic rate is influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, as well as complex interactions between these factors. Behavior and lifestyle traits have significant influence on metabolic rates, but they closely interact with other influential factors, such as environmental conditions and evolutionary history. This makes distinguishing the influence of behavior and lifestyle on metabolism independent of any other factors difficult. Spiders are an ideal system for studying predation behavior, as they broadly exhibit two methods of prey capture: web-building and cursorial hunting. A spider’s web represents a large energy sink, and the loss of web-building is expected to have a significant effect on energy budget and allocation. In order to determine the influence of predation style on resting metabolic rate, we use two co-occurring, closely related clades of Hawaiian long-jawed orb weaver spiders (Tetragnatha, Tetragnathidae), one that builds webs, and one that adopts a cursorial lifestyle. Using stop-flow respirometry, we measured the resting metabolic rates of four species, two web-building and two cursorial, at 20 °C. As predicted, the cursorial Tetragnatha species have higher resting metabolic rates than the web-building species. By using this unique natural system and eliminating confounding factors, our results show that predation style has a direct influence on spider metabolism.

静息代谢率受多种生物和非生物因素的影响，以及这些因素之间复杂的相互作用。行为和生活方式特征对代谢率有显著影响，但它们与环境条件和进化史等其他影响因素密切相关。这使得区分独立于任何其他因素的行为和生活方式对新陈代谢的影响变得困难。蜘蛛是研究捕食行为的理想系统，因为它们广泛地展示了两种捕获猎物的方法：织网和游猎。蜘蛛网代表着一个巨大的能量汇，而织网的损失预计会对能量的预算和分配产生重大影响。为了确定捕食方式对静息代谢率的影响，我们使用了夏威夷长颚圆织蜘蛛（Tetragnatha, Tetragnathidae）的两个共同发生的密切相关的分支，一个是织网的，一个是采取游猎生活方式的。在20 °C下，我们使用停止流动呼吸法测量了四种物种的静息代谢率，两种是造网的，两种是游丝的。正如预测的那样，虎蛛的静息代谢率高于织网类。通过利用这一独特的自然系统并消除混杂因素，我们的研究结果表明，捕食方式对蜘蛛的代谢有直接影响。

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引用次数: 0

Sugar response and gustatory gene expression in the stingless bee Tetragonisca fiebrigi 无刺蜜蜂糖反应及味觉基因表达

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104818

María Sol Balbuena , Jose M. Latorre-Estivalis , Walter M. Farina

Sugar detection and gustatory responsiveness are critical for foraging success in bees, influencing their ability to locate and exploit nectar and pollen sources. Here, we investigated the sugar response thresholds and the expression of two candidate gustatory receptor genes (TfieGr1 and TfieGr3) in the antennae and proboscises of foragers of the stingless bee Tetragonisca fiebrigi. Proboscis extension assays revealed that returning pollen foragers (PF) exhibited lower sugar response thresholds and higher sensitivity to sucrose, glucose, and fructose than returning nonpollen foragers (NPF), suggesting that NPF could be mainly engaged in finding high-quality nectar sources. In addition, more than 60 % of PF responded to all sugars tested, while NPF showed a strong preference for sucrose and glucose, with only 4 % responding to fructose. Molecular experiments revealed no significant differences in TfieGr1 and TfieGr3 expression levels between PF and NPF in either sensory tissue. These findings suggest that other gustatory receptors or mechanisms, such as central processing or internal nutrient sensing, may underlie the observed behavioral differences. Our results highlight potential species-specific adaptations in sugar detection mechanisms and underscore the importance of integrating behavioral, molecular, and ecological approaches to understanding foraging strategies in stingless bees.

糖检测和味觉反应对蜜蜂的觅食成功至关重要，影响它们定位和利用花蜜和花粉来源的能力。本文研究了无刺蜜蜂触角和喙中两个候选味觉受体基因（TfieGr1和TfieGr3）的糖反应阈值和表达。结果表明，与非花粉觅食蜂（NPF）相比，返回花粉觅食蜂（PF）对糖的响应阈值较低，对蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的敏感性较高，表明NPF可能主要用于寻找优质花蜜来源。此外，超过60%的PF对所有测试的糖都有反应，而NPF对蔗糖和葡萄糖表现出强烈的偏好，只有4%对果糖有反应。分子实验显示PF和NPF在两种感觉组织中TfieGr1和TfieGr3的表达水平无显著差异。这些发现表明，其他味觉受体或机制，如中央处理或内部营养感知，可能是观察到的行为差异的基础。我们的研究结果强调了糖检测机制中潜在的物种特异性适应，并强调了整合行为，分子和生态方法来理解无刺蜜蜂觅食策略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Ultraviolet reflection in mayfly wings 蜉蝣翅膀上的紫外线反射。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104817

Manuela Rebora , Silvana Piersanti , Lorenzo Giulivi , Alexander Kovalev , Stanislav Gorb , Gianandrea Salerno

In the present study it is shown for the first time that the transparent membranous wings of mayflies (Ecdyonurus gr. venosus) can reflect UV light at both the imago and subimago stage. In the imago, reflectance spectra from male and female wings are significantly different with female wing reflection in the UV wavelengths higher than that of males. In the subimago the wing reflectance spectra of both sexes are similar and the intensity of reflection is lower compared to the imago. Higher UV reflection in female wings corresponds to wavelengths of the maximum sensitivity of male compound eye (recorded in other mayfly species), thus making wings a potentially important visual cue for recognition and mating. The UV reflection in the wing of E. gr. venosus is angle dependent, thus revealing its structural nature. Wax crystals in the form of rods in the wings of the imago have an important role in shaping the pattern of the reflectance spectra owing to their omnidirectional antireflection properties. This study can contribute to understand the role of UV light sensitivity as part of the integrated visual system of many animals, a research field so far disregarded owing to our anthropocentric dimension and to unravel the functional role of nanostructures of insect surfaces with special optical properties which can inspire new biomimetic surfaces.

本研究首次发现，蜉蝣（Ecdyonurus grs . venosus）透明膜状翅膀在象期和亚象期都能反射紫外线。在图像中，雄鸟和雌鸟翅膀的反射光谱有显著差异，雌鸟翅膀在紫外波段的反射高于雄鸟。在亚图像中，雌雄鸟的翅膀反射光谱相似，反射强度比图像低。雌性翅膀上较高的紫外线反射与雄性复眼的最大灵敏度波长相对应（在其他种类的蜉蝣中有记录），因此使翅膀成为识别和交配的潜在重要视觉线索。翅上的紫外线反射与角度有关，从而揭示了其结构性质。蜡晶体在图像翼部呈棒状，由于其全向抗反射特性，对形成反射光谱具有重要作用。这项研究有助于理解紫外光敏感性作为许多动物综合视觉系统的一部分所起的作用，这一研究领域由于我们以人类为中心的维度而迄今被忽视，并有助于揭示具有特殊光学性质的昆虫表面纳米结构的功能作用，从而激发新的仿生表面。

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引用次数: 0

Development time integrates temperature and host plant cues for eyespot size in three tropical satyrine butterflies 发育时间综合了温度和寄主植物对三种热带斑蝶眼斑大小的影响

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104814

Indukala Prasannakumar , Freerk Molleman , Dheeraj Chandavarkar , Ullasa Kodandaramaiah

Many tropical butterflies have distinct wet and dry season adult morphs differing in the size of wing eyespots. Eyespot size is influenced by the environment experienced by developing larvae, and this plasticity is adaptive because the morphs have higher survival in their respective seasons. Higher temperature during the larval phase produces adults with larger eyespots in many species. This reaction norm is adaptive when high temperatures precede the wet season, which is not the case in all regions. Therefore, butterflies may rely on another environmental cue such as host plant species, and may also integrate information from multiple environmental variables through their combined effect on larval developmental time. To test this, we manipulated developmental time of sympatric populations of three butterflies − Ypthima huebneri, Mycalesis mineus and Melanitis leda − using combinations of temperatures and host plant species. Higher rearing temperature correlated with larger eyespot size in all species. Host plant species independently affected eyespot size. The effects of temperature and host plant differed between species, sexes, and between the forewing and hindwing, suggesting differential selection pressures on eyespots. Nevertheless, information about temperature and host plant species may be integrated through developmental time, because shorter larval development time was correlated with larger eyespots in adults. However, there were exceptions within specific treatments, species, and eyespots. Our results highlight the complex control of eyespot size, which is likely influenced by a network of interacting factors. Our study also demonstrates how sympatric populations of different species interpret similar environmental cues differently.

许多热带蝴蝶有明显的湿季和干季成虫，翅膀上眼斑的大小不同。幼虫发育过程中所处的环境影响了眼斑的大小，这种可塑性是适应性的，因为幼虫在各自的季节有较高的存活率。许多品种的幼虫期温度较高，成虫的眼斑较大。这种反应规范在雨季之前的高温下是适应性的，但并非所有地区都是如此。因此，蝴蝶可能依赖于其他环境线索，如寄主植物物种，也可能通过多种环境变量对幼虫发育时间的综合影响来整合信息。为了验证这一点，我们利用温度和寄主植物种类的组合，操纵了三种同域种群的发育时间——绿斑蝶（Ypthima huebneri）、绿斑蝶（Mycalesis mineus）和黑斑蝶（Melanitis leda）。饲养温度越高，眼斑大小越大。寄主植物种类独立影响眼斑大小。温度和寄主植物的影响在物种、性别、前翅和后翅之间存在差异，表明眼点的选择压力存在差异。然而，温度和寄主植物种类的信息可能通过发育时间整合，因为幼虫发育时间越短，成虫眼斑越大。然而，在特定的处理、物种和眼点中也有例外。我们的研究结果强调了眼斑大小的复杂控制，这可能受到一系列相互作用因素的影响。我们的研究还表明，不同物种的同域种群如何以不同的方式解释相似的环境线索。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional optima for life-history traits vary with temperature and across locally-adapted populations 生活史性状的营养最佳值随温度和适应当地的种群而变化

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104815

Brooke Zanco , Juliano Morimoto , Fiona Cockerell , Christen Mirth , Carla M. Sgrò

As the climate changes, populations must overcome more frequent and more extreme exposure to a wide range of stressors. However, our knowledge of how locally-adapted populations respond to combinations of stressors remains incomplete. Recent studies show that elevated temperatures can interact with nutrition to accentuate the negative effects of a poor diet, suggesting higher costs of nutritional stress when individuals experience temperatures outside of their locally-adapted conditions. This can translate into reduced nutrient optima under thermal stress in life-history trait landscapes, a hypothesis that remains to be tested. Here, we used the Geometric Framework for Nutrition to test this hypothesis using two locally-adapted populations of Drosophila melanogaster from opposing ends of a well-characterised adaptive gradient along the east coast of Australia (tropical vs. temperate). We found that the negative effects of nutritional stress were significantly greater in the tropical population under warmer temperatures. In contrast, the temperate population was able to utilise a broader nutritional space to maintain high viability and a large wing size across the range of fluctuating temperatures. Our findings reveal the ways in which local adaptation impacts how populations navigate and explore the nutritional space in response to increasingly stressful thermal conditions. These data suggest that certain populations may be better able to cope with increasingly stressful and variable environments, while others may be more vulnerable to local extinctions.

随着气候变化，人类必须克服更频繁、更极端地暴露于各种压力源的情况。然而，我们对当地适应人群如何应对压力源组合的了解仍然不完整。最近的研究表明，温度升高会与营养相互作用，从而加剧不良饮食的负面影响，这表明，当个体经历的温度超出其当地适应条件时，营养压力的成本会更高。这可以转化为在生活史特征景观中热胁迫下营养最佳状态的降低，这一假设仍有待验证。在这里，我们使用营养几何框架来测试这一假设，使用了两个当地适应的黑腹果蝇种群，它们来自澳大利亚东海岸一个特征鲜明的适应梯度的两端（热带与温带）。我们发现，在温度较高的热带种群中，营养压力的负面影响明显更大。相比之下，温带种群能够利用更广阔的营养空间，在温度波动的范围内保持高的生存能力和大的翅膀。我们的研究结果揭示了当地适应如何影响种群在日益紧张的热条件下导航和探索营养空间的方式。这些数据表明，某些种群可能能够更好地应对日益紧张和多变的环境，而其他种群可能更容易受到当地灭绝的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of available travel paths’ size and orientation by antennal mechanosensory system of crickets 蟋蟀触角机械感觉系统对可用行进路径大小和方向的识别

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104816

Nwuneke Okereke Ifere , Hisashi Shidara , Nodoka Sato , Hiroto Ogawa

Insects use their antennae to explore surroundings and guide locomotion. Recently, we found that crickets modulate escape behavior elicited by airflow stimuli detected by another mechanosensory organ, called cerci, to avoid collision with obstacles detected with their antennae. This suggests the spatial perception ability of crickets through antennal mechano-sensing without visual inputs. However, whether they are able to identify travel paths available for their movements remains unknown. To assess this, we used the same experimental framework with wind stimulation as our previous studies and tested whether crickets could perceive the width or direction of an available escape path in surroundings using their antennae. When detecting a wall in front with gap openings of different widths, the crickets changed the movement direction of their escape responses depending on the gap width. If the gap was wider than their body width, the crickets ran forward, suggesting that they could recognize the space available for passage of their body width. In addition, the crickets adjusted their escape direction toward the wall gap when it was oriented at 30° to the side of their front. These results suggest that the crickets are able to perceive the spatial information of surroundings, such as size and orientation, available for upcoming movements via their antennal mechanosensory system.

昆虫用触角探索周围环境并引导运动。最近，我们发现蟋蟀通过调节由另一种机械感觉器官（称为尾肌）检测到的气流刺激引起的逃跑行为，以避免与它们的触角检测到的障碍物相撞。这表明蟋蟀在没有视觉输入的情况下通过触角机械感应的空间感知能力。然而，它们是否能够识别出适合自己移动的路径仍然是未知的。为了评估这一点，我们使用了与之前研究相同的风刺激实验框架，并测试了蟋蟀是否可以使用它们的触角感知环境中可用逃生路径的宽度或方向。当发现前方有不同宽度的缝隙时，蟋蟀会根据缝隙的宽度改变逃跑反应的运动方向。如果缝隙比它们的身体宽度宽，蟋蟀就会向前跑，这表明它们可以识别出与它们身体宽度相同的空间。此外，当墙的缝隙与蟋蟀的前侧呈30°时，蟋蟀会将它们的逃跑方向调整到墙的缝隙上。这些结果表明，蟋蟀能够感知周围环境的空间信息，如大小和方向，这些信息可通过它们的触角机械感觉系统用于即将到来的运动。

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引用次数: 0

Parthenogenesis in the neotropical katydid Conocephalus ictus 新热带螽斯的孤雌生殖

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104812

Tzitzi M. Placier-Gallardo , Hugo J. Amaro-Lozada , Raúl Cueva del Castillo

Parthenogenesis is a widespread reproductive strategy in insects with significant implications in the field of evolutionary biology. Nonetheless, the incidence of parthenogenesis in katydids remains low. Our findings in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico indicate that small proportion of females of Conocephalus ictus are tychoparthenogenetical, marking the first report of a tropical parthenogenetic katydid. Contrary to expectation, parthenogenesis does not appear adaptive for C. ictus females. Wingless parthenogenetic females outnumber their winged counterparts and exhibit larger size. In addition, parthenogenetic females have lower clutch size, hatching success, and offspring reaching adulthood compared to sexual females. The geographical distribution of parthenogenesis has been linked to ice-covered areas during glaciation periods, and the orography of Mexico suggests a potential link between the evolution of parthenogenesis in C. ictus and the ability to disperse effectively and colonize new environments of the parthenogenetic winged females during interglacial periods. Given its distribution, C. ictus offers a valuable model for understanding the impact of climatic factors on the evolutionary trajectory of parthenogenetic organisms in the tropics. Further research on C. ictus and its response to past climatic shifts can provide insights into the adaptive significance of parthenogenesis in evolutionary biology.

孤雌生殖是昆虫中广泛存在的一种生殖策略，在进化生物学领域具有重要意义。尽管如此，在蝈蝈儿中孤雌生殖的发生率仍然很低。我们在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州的Los Tuxtlas的发现表明，一小部分雌性Conocephalus ictus是斑秃单性遗传的，这是热带孤雌生殖的第一次报道。与预期相反，孤雌生殖似乎并不适合于雌纹瓢虫。没有翅膀的孤雌雌性比有翅膀的同类数量多，而且体型更大。此外，与有性生殖的雌性相比，孤雌生殖的雌性卵的数量、孵化成功率和后代成年率都较低。孤雌生殖的地理分布与冰川期的冰雪覆盖地区有关，墨西哥的地形地貌表明，在间冰期，C. ictus孤雌生殖的进化与孤雌生殖的有翼雌性有效分散和殖民新环境的能力之间存在潜在的联系。鉴于其分布，icictus为理解气候因素对热带孤雌生殖生物进化轨迹的影响提供了有价值的模型。进一步研究ictus及其对过去气候变化的响应，有助于深入了解孤雌生殖在进化生物学中的适应意义。

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