This review is based on the article that qualified for the 2000 Japan Oil Chemists' Society Award. Peroxidative stress on lipid molecules not only invites diminution of the nutritive value of foods, but also takes part in several biochemical consequences, aging and the pathophysiology of diseases. It is important to measure lipid hydroperoxide as a primary oxidation product in order to determine the degree of lipid oxidized in foods and in the biomembranes of the body, and also to maintain health and the wholesomeness of foods. In 1987, we established a new methodology called chemiluminescence detection high performance liquid chromatography (CLHPLC), which is sensitive and selective enough to determine the hydroperoxide lipid class level in foods and human blood plasma. The unique post-column chemiluminescence reagent consists of cytochrome C and luminol in an alkaline borate buffered solution. Using CL-HPLC, we confirmed bis-hydroperoxides formation other than mono-hydroperoxides in the initial stage of triacylglycerol oxidation in food oils. Long-term fish oil consumption in animals invites a high risk of membrane lipid peroxidation together with an increased need for ƒ¿-tocopherol. The principal cause of cellular lipid peroxidation is aging (senescence) of the body. Membrane lipid peroxidation is essential to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases.
{"title":"Analysis of Lipid Hydroperoxide Formation in Food and Biological Systems","authors":"T. Miyazawa","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1377","url":null,"abstract":"This review is based on the article that qualified for the 2000 Japan Oil Chemists' Society Award. Peroxidative stress on lipid molecules not only invites diminution of the nutritive value of foods, but also takes part in several biochemical consequences, aging and the pathophysiology of diseases. It is important to measure lipid hydroperoxide as a primary oxidation product in order to determine the degree of lipid oxidized in foods and in the biomembranes of the body, and also to maintain health and the wholesomeness of foods. In 1987, we established a new methodology called chemiluminescence detection high performance liquid chromatography (CLHPLC), which is sensitive and selective enough to determine the hydroperoxide lipid class level in foods and human blood plasma. The unique post-column chemiluminescence reagent consists of cytochrome C and luminol in an alkaline borate buffered solution. Using CL-HPLC, we confirmed bis-hydroperoxides formation other than mono-hydroperoxides in the initial stage of triacylglycerol oxidation in food oils. Long-term fish oil consumption in animals invites a high risk of membrane lipid peroxidation together with an increased need for ƒ¿-tocopherol. The principal cause of cellular lipid peroxidation is aging (senescence) of the body. Membrane lipid peroxidation is essential to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81133071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detergency effects of poly (sodium α-hydroxyacrylate); PHA on artificially soiled cotton fabrics without surfactant were investigated at various values of water hardness and molecular weight of the polymer and compared those of sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS and other similar-structured polymers, such as poly (sodium acrylate); PA and poly (vinyl alcohol); PVA.The detergency of PHA was found not to depend on water hardness and was much higher than that of SDS for any value of high hardness. Detergency increased with molecular weight and remained constant above 10500. PHA showed higher detergency than PA or PVA.
{"title":"Detergency Performance of Poly (Sodium α-Hydroxyacrylate) in Multicomponent Soil on Cotton Fabrics","authors":"S. Kim, M. Komaki","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1433","url":null,"abstract":"Detergency effects of poly (sodium α-hydroxyacrylate); PHA on artificially soiled cotton fabrics without surfactant were investigated at various values of water hardness and molecular weight of the polymer and compared those of sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS and other similar-structured polymers, such as poly (sodium acrylate); PA and poly (vinyl alcohol); PVA.The detergency of PHA was found not to depend on water hardness and was much higher than that of SDS for any value of high hardness. Detergency increased with molecular weight and remained constant above 10500. PHA showed higher detergency than PA or PVA.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87732817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solubilization techniques by surfactants are very useful to dissolve perfumes into many industrial products having the medium of water. Since the molecular structures of perfumes are intricate, it is difficult to predict solubilization of perfumes. In the present review, the solubility of perfumes into micellar phase and their solubilization mechanism were described. The characteristics of solubilization of perfumes in a variety of systems : solubilization of binary mixed perfume system, solubilization by mixed surfactant system, and solubilization by concentrated surfactant solution system, were also shown in this review. Moreover, mechanism of volatility of perfumes from aqueous surfactant solutions and controlled release of perfumes using phase transition of aqueous surfactant solutions were explained.
{"title":"Solubilization and Controlled Release of Perfumes in Aqueous Surfactant Solution","authors":"Y. Tokuoka","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1383","url":null,"abstract":"Solubilization techniques by surfactants are very useful to dissolve perfumes into many industrial products having the medium of water. Since the molecular structures of perfumes are intricate, it is difficult to predict solubilization of perfumes. In the present review, the solubility of perfumes into micellar phase and their solubilization mechanism were described. The characteristics of solubilization of perfumes in a variety of systems : solubilization of binary mixed perfume system, solubilization by mixed surfactant system, and solubilization by concentrated surfactant solution system, were also shown in this review. Moreover, mechanism of volatility of perfumes from aqueous surfactant solutions and controlled release of perfumes using phase transition of aqueous surfactant solutions were explained.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83435735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anionic derivatives of β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were prepared and assessed for sweetness. It was found that the presence of both a carboxyl group (COOH, free form) at C20 position and a carboxylate moiety (COO-) at C3 position in the GA molecule is essential for sweet taste. A plausible mechanism for sweet taste is proposed.
{"title":"Anionic Sweet Tasting Derivatives of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid","authors":"T. Toyoshima, S. Tamagaki","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1407","url":null,"abstract":"Anionic derivatives of β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were prepared and assessed for sweetness. It was found that the presence of both a carboxyl group (COOH, free form) at C20 position and a carboxylate moiety (COO-) at C3 position in the GA molecule is essential for sweet taste. A plausible mechanism for sweet taste is proposed.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78890229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amphiphiles of symmetrical bis-quaternary ammonium salts possessing ammonium groups, with methyl as head group, dodecyl and aralkyl as hydrophobic groups, and connected by an alkanediyl were synthesized. Aralkyls are p-heptylbenzyl and 8-phenyloctyl (corresponding ammonium salts are designated “phenylene type” and “phenyl type”, respectively). The effect of a benzene ring in the hydrophobic chain on the hydrolytic and substrate recognizing activity of amino acid esters were examined. The phenyl type showed higher hydrolytic rate, particularly so in the case of phenylalanine and methionine esters, than the corresponding ammonium salts having no benzene ring (“alkyl type”). The phenylene type was less active compared to an alkyl type and hydrolyzed only phenylalanine ester. The position of benzene ring is thus a significant determinant of hydrolytic rate and substrate recognition. The orientation or formation of a molecular assembly as well as the uptaken site of a substrate are also affected by this position.
{"title":"Amphiphile of Bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salt","authors":"Y. Yoda, Tsuneo Takezawa, Y. Ohkatsu","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1413","url":null,"abstract":"Amphiphiles of symmetrical bis-quaternary ammonium salts possessing ammonium groups, with methyl as head group, dodecyl and aralkyl as hydrophobic groups, and connected by an alkanediyl were synthesized. Aralkyls are p-heptylbenzyl and 8-phenyloctyl (corresponding ammonium salts are designated “phenylene type” and “phenyl type”, respectively). The effect of a benzene ring in the hydrophobic chain on the hydrolytic and substrate recognizing activity of amino acid esters were examined. The phenyl type showed higher hydrolytic rate, particularly so in the case of phenylalanine and methionine esters, than the corresponding ammonium salts having no benzene ring (“alkyl type”). The phenylene type was less active compared to an alkyl type and hydrolyzed only phenylalanine ester. The position of benzene ring is thus a significant determinant of hydrolytic rate and substrate recognition. The orientation or formation of a molecular assembly as well as the uptaken site of a substrate are also affected by this position.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87945565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic pigment thin films were prepared using a surfactant with an azobenzene group (AZPEG) which loses its amphiphilic function by reduction. Electroless plating on base metals was done by immersing base metal plates in an organic pigment dispersion prepared with AZPEG. Contact plating of noble metals was carried out by immersing the substrate and aluminum plates in the pigment dispersion, in which the two plates were short-circuited. Film formation was found to depend on pH of the dispersion and film thickness to increase with immersion time. The rate of film growth depended on the concentration of AZPEG, since free AZPEG hinders the deposition of pigment. Scanning electron micrographs of the film indicated uniform thickness mainly composed of pigment particles. Results of film formation for various kind of pigments are listed. Methods for film reinforcement are proposed.
{"title":"Development of a Micelle Disruption Method","authors":"T. Saji","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1203","url":null,"abstract":"Organic pigment thin films were prepared using a surfactant with an azobenzene group (AZPEG) which loses its amphiphilic function by reduction. Electroless plating on base metals was done by immersing base metal plates in an organic pigment dispersion prepared with AZPEG. Contact plating of noble metals was carried out by immersing the substrate and aluminum plates in the pigment dispersion, in which the two plates were short-circuited. Film formation was found to depend on pH of the dispersion and film thickness to increase with immersion time. The rate of film growth depended on the concentration of AZPEG, since free AZPEG hinders the deposition of pigment. Scanning electron micrographs of the film indicated uniform thickness mainly composed of pigment particles. Results of film formation for various kind of pigments are listed. Methods for film reinforcement are proposed.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73673237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipid microspheres (Lipid emulsions) should prove useful colloidal drug carriers in various therapeutic applications and as parenteral delivery systems owing to their ability to incorporate lipid-soluble drugs in dispersing phases. Lipid microspheres are o/w emulsions similar to commercially available fat emulsions. The oil droplets in the dispersing systems function as drug containing reservoirs. Surface modification of oil particles in emulsions adjust drug release rate and affinity for target sites. Recent advances in the development of lipid microspheres are discussed and comparison is made with conventional preparations.
{"title":"Lipid Microspheres (Lipid Emulsions)","authors":"F. Ishii","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1141","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid microspheres (Lipid emulsions) should prove useful colloidal drug carriers in various therapeutic applications and as parenteral delivery systems owing to their ability to incorporate lipid-soluble drugs in dispersing phases. Lipid microspheres are o/w emulsions similar to commercially available fat emulsions. The oil droplets in the dispersing systems function as drug containing reservoirs. Surface modification of oil particles in emulsions adjust drug release rate and affinity for target sites. Recent advances in the development of lipid microspheres are discussed and comparison is made with conventional preparations.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84578872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A variety of bola-form amphiphiles (bolaamphiphiles), in which sugar, peptide, or nucleobase moieties are connected to both ends of a hydrocarbon spacer, were synthesized. These compounds self-assembled in aqueous solution to form thermally stable, nanometer-scale high-axial-ratio microstructures (HARMs), such as helical fibers, tubular fibers, and double-helical ropes. Size distribution of the structures was essentially the same as that of self-assembled fibrous structures like collagen fibers, flagella, and actin fibers and morphology was found to strongly depend on chain length and even-odd carbon number of used oligomethylene spacers. Molecular arrangement and hydrogen bond networks within HARMs were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, and AFM. Interlayer and intralayer interactions of the monolayers were noted to be major determinants of fiber morphology. HARMs are constructed hierarchically in a manner similar to biological structures.
{"title":"Formation of High-Axial-Ratio Microstructures from Sugar-, Peptide-, and Nucleobase-based Bolaamphiphiles","authors":"T. Shimizu","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1261","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of bola-form amphiphiles (bolaamphiphiles), in which sugar, peptide, or nucleobase moieties are connected to both ends of a hydrocarbon spacer, were synthesized. These compounds self-assembled in aqueous solution to form thermally stable, nanometer-scale high-axial-ratio microstructures (HARMs), such as helical fibers, tubular fibers, and double-helical ropes. Size distribution of the structures was essentially the same as that of self-assembled fibrous structures like collagen fibers, flagella, and actin fibers and morphology was found to strongly depend on chain length and even-odd carbon number of used oligomethylene spacers. Molecular arrangement and hydrogen bond networks within HARMs were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, and AFM. Interlayer and intralayer interactions of the monolayers were noted to be major determinants of fiber morphology. HARMs are constructed hierarchically in a manner similar to biological structures.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78907616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomimetic processing of ceramic materials was carried out in the present study using 2-dimensional assembles of organic surfactants. Induced crystallization of nano-particles and epitaxial growth of a thin film under Langmuir monolayers are discussed. The authors established a novel method of micro-patterning of ceramic thin films using patterned templates.
{"title":"New Method for the Preparation of Ceramic Thin Films Using Surfactant Templates","authors":"N. Saito, K. Koumoto","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Biomimetic processing of ceramic materials was carried out in the present study using 2-dimensional assembles of organic surfactants. Induced crystallization of nano-particles and epitaxial growth of a thin film under Langmuir monolayers are discussed. The authors established a novel method of micro-patterning of ceramic thin films using patterned templates.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76389604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The roles of surfactant in polymerization of the conducting polymers and surfactant-introduced conducting polymers were examined. Particular, attention was directed to our research on electrochemical reactions of polymers and feasibility as energy storage materials. Monomers of conducting polymer dissolve in the hydrophobic domain of surfactant micelles in aqueous solution and surfactant bilayers on a substrate. Surfactant hydrophilic-hydrophobic characterization makes possible structural control of electrodeposited polymer film. Polypyrrole film, a conducting polymer, with perpendicular orientation and high ion diffusivity, is formed by electropolymerization in the presence of micelles. This film can be electropolymerized even on a substrate of non-noble metal having low electronic conductivity, using an anionic surfactant. The simultaneous formation of two-layers consisting of oxide film with a high dielectric constant and polypyrrole film on valve metals such as aluminum is discussed.
{"title":"Structural Control of Conducting Polymers Using Surfactant Micelles","authors":"K. Naoi, S. Suematsu, A. Shimada","doi":"10.5650/JOS1996.49.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS1996.49.1209","url":null,"abstract":"The roles of surfactant in polymerization of the conducting polymers and surfactant-introduced conducting polymers were examined. Particular, attention was directed to our research on electrochemical reactions of polymers and feasibility as energy storage materials. Monomers of conducting polymer dissolve in the hydrophobic domain of surfactant micelles in aqueous solution and surfactant bilayers on a substrate. Surfactant hydrophilic-hydrophobic characterization makes possible structural control of electrodeposited polymer film. Polypyrrole film, a conducting polymer, with perpendicular orientation and high ion diffusivity, is formed by electropolymerization in the presence of micelles. This film can be electropolymerized even on a substrate of non-noble metal having low electronic conductivity, using an anionic surfactant. The simultaneous formation of two-layers consisting of oxide film with a high dielectric constant and polypyrrole film on valve metals such as aluminum is discussed.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89475859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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