Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.008
Avineet Kaur, Shalika, H. Sandhu, Reshma Dodwad, M. Dhillon, Simmerpreet J Mann
Human identification is most challenging field in forensics. Scrutiny of the fingerprints ,teeth and DNA comparison are commonly used techniques, thus allowing quicker and secure fast and identification processes. Palatal rugae markings are unique to an individual and are stable throughout the life. Rugae don’t undergo any changes apart from in length throughout the life. Thuspalatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy is used as an aid in forensic investigations.
{"title":"Palatoscopy (Rugoscopy) assistance in forensic investigations","authors":"Avineet Kaur, Shalika, H. Sandhu, Reshma Dodwad, M. Dhillon, Simmerpreet J Mann","doi":"10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":"Human identification is most challenging field in forensics. Scrutiny of the fingerprints ,teeth and DNA comparison are commonly used techniques, thus allowing quicker and secure fast and identification processes. Palatal rugae markings are unique to an individual and are stable throughout the life. Rugae don’t undergo any changes apart from in length throughout the life. Thuspalatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy is used as an aid in forensic investigations.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131392010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.012
A. Venugopalan, Smrithi Vijaykumar, G. Sreekumar, Kripanadhi Karunanithi, B. Prasad, T. Sreekrishnan, G. Kp
Snakebite is an environmental and occupational hazard in India. Death and disabilities due to snakebite remains a major public health challenge. For the fight against this battle a greater investment should be focused on the preventive measures. This includes understanding of the common seasons of snake bites, location and also the site of snake bite. Understanding these will help in taking better preventive measures. This is a 6-year retrospective observational study of 70 venomous snake bite cases admitted to a tertiary care center in South India. Inclusion criteria has been all confirmed case of envenomation by venomous snake bite. Chi square test was done to find the association between categorical variables. The study sample size is 70. Mean age in our study is 34.66 ± 18.57 years. 57.1% were male. 79% snake bites occurred outdoor. 57.1 % patients had local reaction along with hemotoxic/neurotoxic symptoms. 28.5% patients had only local reaction. 84% bites occurred in lower limb. 43% bites occurred in the foot. Statistically borderline significant correlation between site of bite and local reaction alone (p=0.05). We could not find a statistically significant correlation between site of bite and local reaction with hemotoxic / neurotoxic symptoms (p=0.236). 59% snake bites occurred during Monsoon season this was followed by post monsoon season. Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and remains as an underestimated cause of accidental death in modern India. Significance of bite site along with seasonal variations in snakebites helps in formation of effective preventive strategies, which along with prompt primary treatment holds the key in reducing the impact of venomous snakebite.
{"title":"Venomous snakebite — Significance of the bite site and local reaction","authors":"A. Venugopalan, Smrithi Vijaykumar, G. Sreekumar, Kripanadhi Karunanithi, B. Prasad, T. Sreekrishnan, G. Kp","doi":"10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.012","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite is an environmental and occupational hazard in India. Death and disabilities due to snakebite remains a major public health challenge. For the fight against this battle a greater investment should be focused on the preventive measures. This includes understanding of the common seasons of snake bites, location and also the site of snake bite. Understanding these will help in taking better preventive measures. This is a 6-year retrospective observational study of 70 venomous snake bite cases admitted to a tertiary care center in South India. Inclusion criteria has been all confirmed case of envenomation by venomous snake bite. Chi square test was done to find the association between categorical variables. The study sample size is 70. Mean age in our study is 34.66 ± 18.57 years. 57.1% were male. 79% snake bites occurred outdoor. 57.1 % patients had local reaction along with hemotoxic/neurotoxic symptoms. 28.5% patients had only local reaction. 84% bites occurred in lower limb. 43% bites occurred in the foot. Statistically borderline significant correlation between site of bite and local reaction alone (p=0.05). We could not find a statistically significant correlation between site of bite and local reaction with hemotoxic / neurotoxic symptoms (p=0.236). 59% snake bites occurred during Monsoon season this was followed by post monsoon season. Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and remains as an underestimated cause of accidental death in modern India. Significance of bite site along with seasonal variations in snakebites helps in formation of effective preventive strategies, which along with prompt primary treatment holds the key in reducing the impact of venomous snakebite.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131604915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.009
H. V. Vaidya, A. Taware, H. Tatiya, V. T. Jadhav, A. L. Bandgar
Estimation of blood alcohol concentration is one of the very important investigations in medico-legal cases dealing with drink and driving, alcohol toxicity etc. There are many factors which may influence estimation of blood alcohol concentration of an individual. One of these factors is thought to be application of alcohol containing swab at venepuncture site, prior to collection of blood for alcohol estimation, either by gas chromatography or by enzymatic assay. Alcohol content of swab, either plain ethanol or iso-propyl alcohol, is said to influence blood alcohol estimation, to a significant extent, is a very common information rather misinformation given to all medical practitioners worldwide. Unfortunately, Courts of Law, in India also have to believe on this, and in many cases defence try to create benefit of doubt, using this information. It is commonly learnt and taught to Medical graduates, that while collecting blood samples from an individual for Blood Alcohol estimation, spirit swab should not be used for cleaning area of venepuncture. This is due to reason believed so far, that alcohol swabbing of venepuncture site can alter Blood Alcohol Estimation significantly. However there is no any study advocating this theory. Moreover review of literature pertaining to this subject has shown studies, which tend to prove that this concept is nothing but a myth and one has to be very particular to prove alteration in blood alcohol concentration due to alcohol swabbing of venepuncture site. Secondly, the literature and curricular statements in Forensic Medicine, which is written long back, needs exhaustive changes, and should be more evidence based.
{"title":"Effect of alcohol swabbing of venepuncture site on blood alcohol estimation: A literature review","authors":"H. V. Vaidya, A. Taware, H. Tatiya, V. T. Jadhav, A. L. Bandgar","doi":"10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.009","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of blood alcohol concentration is one of the very important investigations in medico-legal cases dealing with drink and driving, alcohol toxicity etc. There are many factors which may influence estimation of blood alcohol concentration of an individual. One of these factors is thought to be application of alcohol containing swab at venepuncture site, prior to collection of blood for alcohol estimation, either by gas chromatography or by enzymatic assay. Alcohol content of swab, either plain ethanol or iso-propyl alcohol, is said to influence blood alcohol estimation, to a significant extent, is a very common information rather misinformation given to all medical practitioners worldwide. Unfortunately, Courts of Law, in India also have to believe on this, and in many cases defence try to create benefit of doubt, using this information. It is commonly learnt and taught to Medical graduates, that while collecting blood samples from an individual for Blood Alcohol estimation, spirit swab should not be used for cleaning area of venepuncture. This is due to reason believed so far, that alcohol swabbing of venepuncture site can alter Blood Alcohol Estimation significantly. However there is no any study advocating this theory. Moreover review of literature pertaining to this subject has shown studies, which tend to prove that this concept is nothing but a myth and one has to be very particular to prove alteration in blood alcohol concentration due to alcohol swabbing of venepuncture site. Secondly, the literature and curricular statements in Forensic Medicine, which is written long back, needs exhaustive changes, and should be more evidence based.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117302609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.011
S. Verma, A. Parvez
Problems with Justice are many although the object of every criminal Law is Justice, because Administration of Law always seeks to fair conclusion of Criminal Litigation. However, there are many stakeholders like Police, Court and State and also Prosecution and Accused in this process, who according to their interest make all out attempt to drag the course of Court proceeding towards the ends favourable to them. This article analyzes these sorts of institutional problems in the field of Admissibility of forensic evidence.
{"title":"Institutional problems in the indian judicial system relating to admissibility of scientific evidence: Causes and remedies","authors":"S. Verma, A. Parvez","doi":"10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2021.011","url":null,"abstract":"Problems with Justice are many although the object of every criminal Law is Justice, because Administration of Law always seeks to fair conclusion of Criminal Litigation. However, there are many stakeholders like Police, Court and State and also Prosecution and Accused in this process, who according to their interest make all out attempt to drag the course of Court proceeding towards the ends favourable to them. This article analyzes these sorts of institutional problems in the field of Admissibility of forensic evidence.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2016.005
S. Debbarma
Periorbital ecchymosis or hematoma is due to extravasations or collections of blood into the periorbital skin and the subcutaneous tissues around the eyes. ‘Spectacle hematoma’ ‘raccoon eyes’ or ‘panda sign’ is a distinctive type of periorbital hematoma. A six year old girl brought in the casualty accompanied by her mother with complain of severe cough, left periorbital blackening, running nose, nose block and mild fever for 7 days. Keywords: Periorbital hematoma, Spectacle hematoma, Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage
{"title":"A misleading Periorbital Hematoma..Case Report","authors":"S. Debbarma","doi":"10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2016.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2016.005","url":null,"abstract":"Periorbital ecchymosis or hematoma is due to extravasations or collections of blood into the periorbital skin and the subcutaneous tissues around the eyes. ‘Spectacle hematoma’ ‘raccoon eyes’ or ‘panda sign’ is a distinctive type of periorbital hematoma. A six year old girl brought in the casualty accompanied by her mother with complain of severe cough, left periorbital blackening, running nose, nose block and mild fever for 7 days.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Periorbital hematoma, Spectacle hematoma, Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123704903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2020.029
S. Angayarkanni
Aim: Aim of the study was to find out post-mortem interval (time since death) on 100 cases which were brought for medico-legal autopsy at Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College, Chennai by analyzing changes in biochemical markers in vitreous humour of both eyes. Materials and Methods: Two samples of vitreous humour were taken from both eyes, first sample immediately after the body was received in the mortuary and second sample at the time of starting postmortem examination. The samples were sent to the Department of Biochemistry for analyzing sodium and potassium concentration. Observations: After the statistical analysis it was observed that p0.05 which concludes there is no significant difference. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a linear correlation between time since death and potassium levels in vitreous samples from both sides at different time intervals. There is no significant difference in values of samples from both sides. The study also concludes that sodium values are not statistically significant and shows negative correlation with time since death. Keywords: Autopsy potassium time since death vitreous humour.
{"title":"Analysis of vitreous humour in determining postmortem interval (time since death) – A prospective study","authors":"S. Angayarkanni","doi":"10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2020.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJFMTS.2020.029","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Aim of the study was to find out post-mortem interval (time since death) on 100 cases which were brought for medico-legal autopsy at Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College, Chennai by analyzing changes in biochemical markers in vitreous humour of both eyes.\u0000Materials and Methods: Two samples of vitreous humour were taken from both eyes, first sample immediately after the body was received in the mortuary and second sample at the time of starting postmortem examination. The samples were sent to the Department of Biochemistry for analyzing sodium and potassium concentration.\u0000Observations: After the statistical analysis it was observed that p0.05 which concludes there is no significant difference.\u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a linear correlation between time since death and potassium levels in vitreous samples from both sides at different time intervals. There is no significant difference in values of samples from both sides. The study also concludes that sodium values are not statistically significant and shows negative correlation with time since death.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Autopsy potassium time since death vitreous humour.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134065031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0003
Reeta R Gupta
In the modern age of digitalization and development of sophisticated all-in-one-machine, it has become apparent that the criminals/forgers are using more advanced methodology to commit a crime and they are also aware about the possibility of their identification through their handwriting examination using various writing instruments on paper. Hence, they are using an alternative option by opting machine generated forged documents in place of original document i.e. the photocopied document to eliminate the original identifying features of genuine document. They are forgetting the fact that every act of criminal activities remains the trace of evidence to connect with the criminal activities if noticed and scientifically examine by the forensic experts. Examination of photocopied signatures/ handwritings in order to ascertain the authorship of the writer is not an easy task. In this article, the author is focused on challenges and problems encountered by the forensic document experts in examination of photocopied documents (signatures and handwritings). Article further discusses about a simplified and systematic approach to conduct examination of photocopied document in order to express opinion for their true value of justice along with understanding the limitations of the forensic document field. Keywords: Photocopied documents, Photocopier machine, Handwriting, Examination.
{"title":"Challenges in forensic examination of photocopied document","authors":"Reeta R Gupta","doi":"10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern age of digitalization and development of sophisticated all-in-one-machine, it has become apparent that the criminals/forgers are using more advanced methodology to commit a crime and they are also aware about the possibility of their identification through their handwriting examination using various writing instruments on paper. Hence, they are using an alternative option by opting machine generated forged documents in place of original document i.e. the photocopied document to eliminate the original identifying features of genuine document. They are forgetting the fact that every act of criminal activities remains the trace of evidence to connect with the criminal activities if noticed and scientifically examine by the forensic experts. Examination of photocopied signatures/ handwritings in order to ascertain the authorship of the writer is not an easy task. In this article, the author is focused on challenges and problems encountered by the forensic document experts in examination of photocopied documents (signatures and handwritings). Article further discusses about a simplified and systematic approach to conduct examination of photocopied document in order to express opinion for their true value of justice along with understanding the limitations of the forensic document field.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Photocopied documents, Photocopier machine, Handwriting, Examination.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114650500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0001
{"title":"An analytical study of asphyxial deaths due to hanging in and around Visakhapatnam","authors":"","doi":"10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129009071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0007
M. Kumar, Mansi Kumar, Rishabh Kumar, Arvind Kumar
Cafe coronary is a condition in which a healthy person who begins a meal, suddenly collapse and dies without any further distress. Signs of choking are absent and the cause of death is reflex vagal inhibition of the heart. In such deaths, a detailed and meticulous autopsy is required to reach the diagnosis and give cause of death, although the scene visit and collection of samples have their own significance. Cafe coronary was the term coined by Haugen in 1963 for sudden and unexpected death occurring during a meal due to accidental occlusion of the airway by food. In the present case report the authors want to highlight the need of awareness towards the predisposing factors responsible for the cafe coronary syndrome or fatal food asphyxiation. Keywords: Suffocation, Cafe coronary, Choking, Reflex vagal inhibition.
{"title":"Cafe´ coronary syndrome-fatal food asphyxiation: an autopsy case report","authors":"M. Kumar, Mansi Kumar, Rishabh Kumar, Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Cafe coronary is a condition in which a healthy person who begins a meal, suddenly collapse and dies without any further distress. Signs of choking are absent and the cause of death is reflex vagal inhibition of the heart. In such deaths, a detailed and meticulous autopsy is required to reach the diagnosis and give cause of death, although the scene visit and collection of samples have their own significance. Cafe coronary was the term coined by Haugen in 1963 for sudden and unexpected death occurring during a meal due to accidental occlusion of the airway by food. In the present case report the authors want to highlight the need of awareness towards the predisposing factors responsible for the cafe coronary syndrome or fatal food asphyxiation.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Suffocation, Cafe coronary, Choking, Reflex vagal inhibition.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126397344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0005
Reeta R Gupta
In the modern society, it is surprising to know that criminals are well equipped with novel technological facilities and they have adopted numerous methodological ways for conducting highly organized crime. Due to the immense advancement in Science and Technology, criminals are being quicker in exploiting sophisticated scientific technology for criminal activities and desires to commit crime. Hence the more complex criminal cases are gradually increasing in number and are becoming a major challenge for forensic document experts relating with paper and ink examination, such as paper analysis for differentiating between forged and originality, ascertain authenticity of paper document, its identification, relative age of documents and document dating. The present write-up is an attempt to describe overall approach in forensic examination of paper for distinguishing between two or more sets of paper. Chemical and physical analysis of paper by using appropriate scientific method provides valuable information regarding the details of the document. However application of advanced sophisticated techniques and appropriate scientific methods for reliable results without destruction of the original documents are the prime requirements of the forensic document expert and investigating agencies.
{"title":"A scientific method for forensic examination of paper","authors":"Reeta R Gupta","doi":"10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2456-9615.2018.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern society, it is surprising to know that criminals are well equipped with novel technological facilities and they have adopted numerous methodological ways for conducting highly organized crime. Due to the immense advancement in Science and Technology, criminals are being quicker in exploiting sophisticated scientific technology for criminal activities and desires to commit crime. Hence the more complex criminal cases are gradually increasing in number and are becoming a major challenge for forensic document experts relating with paper and ink examination, such as paper analysis for differentiating between forged and originality, ascertain authenticity of paper document, its identification, relative age of documents and document dating. The present write-up is an attempt to describe overall approach in forensic examination of paper for distinguishing between two or more sets of paper. Chemical and physical analysis of paper by using appropriate scientific method provides valuable information regarding the details of the document. However application of advanced sophisticated techniques and appropriate scientific methods for reliable results without destruction of the original documents are the prime requirements of the forensic document expert and investigating agencies.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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