We have studied the 1.55 μm optical properties of p-GaAs/i-GaN0.38yAs1-1.38ySby/n-GaAs quantum wells using a self-consistent calculation combined with the anticrossing model. We have found that the increase of injected carriers’ density induces the increase of optical gain and radiative current density. The rise of doping density causes a blue shift of the fundamental transition energy accompanied with significant increase of optical gain. The quantum-confined Stark effect on radiative current density is also studied. The variation of radiative current as function of well width and Sb composition is also examined. In order to operate the emission wavelength at the optical fiber telecommunication domain, we have adjusted the well parameters of p-GaAs/i-GaN0.38yAs1-1.38ySby/n-GaAs.
{"title":"Optical Investigation of p-GaAs/i-GaN0.38yAs1-1.38ySby/n-GaAs Quantum Wells Emitters","authors":"I. Guizani, C. Bilel, Malak Alrowaili, A. Rebey","doi":"10.1155/2022/7971119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7971119","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the 1.55 μm optical properties of p-GaAs/i-GaN0.38yAs1-1.38ySby/n-GaAs quantum wells using a self-consistent calculation combined with the anticrossing model. We have found that the increase of injected carriers’ density induces the increase of optical gain and radiative current density. The rise of doping density causes a blue shift of the fundamental transition energy accompanied with significant increase of optical gain. The quantum-confined Stark effect on radiative current density is also studied. The variation of radiative current as function of well width and Sb composition is also examined. In order to operate the emission wavelength at the optical fiber telecommunication domain, we have adjusted the well parameters of p-GaAs/i-GaN0.38yAs1-1.38ySby/n-GaAs.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72827626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mostafa, Z. Alrowaili, M.M. Al Shehri, M. Mobarak, A. Abbas
Ceramic materials have been used in various human health-related applications for considerable time. One of the important applications of ceramic materials is in electronics. Our work focuses on calcium titanate (CaTiO3). CaTiO3 is typically created via sintering. Gypsum particles is used to form calcium hydroxide, which is then combined with titanium dioxide to form rutile crystals. Thereafter, calcination is performed at 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction is employed to track the evolution of the CaTiO3 phase. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterize the morphologies of the different preparation steps. As the calcination temperature increases from 900°C to 1000°C, the crystallite size of CaTiO3 increases from 35 nm to 45 nm. Furthermore, the energy gaps of the CaTiO3 powders obtained after calcination at 900°C and 1000°C are 5.32 eV and 5.43 eV, respectively, and their particle sizes are 150–200 nm and 200–300 nm, respectively.
{"title":"Structural and Optical Properties of Calcium Titanate Prepared from Gypsum","authors":"M. Mostafa, Z. Alrowaili, M.M. Al Shehri, M. Mobarak, A. Abbas","doi":"10.1155/2022/6020378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6020378","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic materials have been used in various human health-related applications for considerable time. One of the important applications of ceramic materials is in electronics. Our work focuses on calcium titanate (CaTiO3). CaTiO3 is typically created via sintering. Gypsum particles is used to form calcium hydroxide, which is then combined with titanium dioxide to form rutile crystals. Thereafter, calcination is performed at 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction is employed to track the evolution of the CaTiO3 phase. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterize the morphologies of the different preparation steps. As the calcination temperature increases from 900°C to 1000°C, the crystallite size of CaTiO3 increases from 35 nm to 45 nm. Furthermore, the energy gaps of the CaTiO3 powders obtained after calcination at 900°C and 1000°C are 5.32 eV and 5.43 eV, respectively, and their particle sizes are 150–200 nm and 200–300 nm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75444817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darbin Kumar Poudel, Purushottam Niraula, Himal Aryal, Biplab Budhathoki, S. Phuyal, R. Marahatha, Kiran Subedi
The potential applications of Ag NPs are exciting and beneficial in a variety of fields; however, there is less awareness of the new risks posed by inappropriate disposal of Ag NPs. The Ag NPs have medicinal, plasmonic, and catalytic properties. The Ag NPs can be prepared via physical, chemical, or biological routes, and the selection of any specific route depends largely on the end-use. The downside of a physical and chemical approach is that it requires a wide space, high temperature, high temperature for a longer time to preserve the thermal stability of synthesized Ag NPs, and the use of toxic chemicals. Although these methods produce nanoparticles with high purity and well-defined morphology, it is critical to develop cost-effective, energy-efficient, and facile route, such as green synthesis; it suggests the desirable use of renewable resources by avoiding the use of additional solvents and toxic reagents in order to achieve the ultimate goal. However, each method has its pros and cons. The synthesized Ag NPs obtained using the green approach have larger biocompatibility and are less toxic towards the biotic systems. However, identifying the phytoconstituents that are responsible for nanoparticle synthesis is difficult and has been reported as a suitable candidate for biological application. The concentration of the effective bioreducing phytoconstituents plays a crucial role in deciding the morphology of the nanoparticle. Besides these reaction times, temperature, pH, and concentration of silver salt are some of the key factors that determine the morphology. Hence, careful optimization in the methodology is required as different morphologies have different properties and usage. It is due to which the development of methods to prepare nanoparticles effectively using various plant extracts is gaining rapid momentum in recent days. To make sense of what involves in the bioreduction of silver salt and to isolate the secondary metabolites from plants are yet challenging. This review focuses on the contribution of plant-mediated Ag NPs in different applications and their toxicity in the aquatic system.
{"title":"Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Ag NPs and Their Possible Applications: A Critical Review","authors":"Darbin Kumar Poudel, Purushottam Niraula, Himal Aryal, Biplab Budhathoki, S. Phuyal, R. Marahatha, Kiran Subedi","doi":"10.1155/2022/2779237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2779237","url":null,"abstract":"The potential applications of Ag NPs are exciting and beneficial in a variety of fields; however, there is less awareness of the new risks posed by inappropriate disposal of Ag NPs. The Ag NPs have medicinal, plasmonic, and catalytic properties. The Ag NPs can be prepared via physical, chemical, or biological routes, and the selection of any specific route depends largely on the end-use. The downside of a physical and chemical approach is that it requires a wide space, high temperature, high temperature for a longer time to preserve the thermal stability of synthesized Ag NPs, and the use of toxic chemicals. Although these methods produce nanoparticles with high purity and well-defined morphology, it is critical to develop cost-effective, energy-efficient, and facile route, such as green synthesis; it suggests the desirable use of renewable resources by avoiding the use of additional solvents and toxic reagents in order to achieve the ultimate goal. However, each method has its pros and cons. The synthesized Ag NPs obtained using the green approach have larger biocompatibility and are less toxic towards the biotic systems. However, identifying the phytoconstituents that are responsible for nanoparticle synthesis is difficult and has been reported as a suitable candidate for biological application. The concentration of the effective bioreducing phytoconstituents plays a crucial role in deciding the morphology of the nanoparticle. Besides these reaction times, temperature, pH, and concentration of silver salt are some of the key factors that determine the morphology. Hence, careful optimization in the methodology is required as different morphologies have different properties and usage. It is due to which the development of methods to prepare nanoparticles effectively using various plant extracts is gaining rapid momentum in recent days. To make sense of what involves in the bioreduction of silver salt and to isolate the secondary metabolites from plants are yet challenging. This review focuses on the contribution of plant-mediated Ag NPs in different applications and their toxicity in the aquatic system.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75577602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iron oxide nanoparticles (α- Fe2O3) were synthesized using an unconventional, eco-friendly technique utilizing a Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower (common name, China rose) extract as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The microwave method was successfully used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Various volume ratios of iron chloride tetrahydrate to the extract were taken and heated by the microwave oven for different periods to optimize iron oxide nanoparticle production. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of α- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite). The average size of iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be 51 nm. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized iron nanoparticles was investigated against different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles exhibited an inhabitation effect on all studied bacteria.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers and Their Antibacterial Activity","authors":"F. Buarki, H. AbuHassan, F. Al Hannan, F. Henari","doi":"10.1155/2022/5474645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5474645","url":null,"abstract":"Iron oxide nanoparticles (α- Fe2O3) were synthesized using an unconventional, eco-friendly technique utilizing a Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower (common name, China rose) extract as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The microwave method was successfully used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Various volume ratios of iron chloride tetrahydrate to the extract were taken and heated by the microwave oven for different periods to optimize iron oxide nanoparticle production. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of α- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite). The average size of iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be 51 nm. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized iron nanoparticles was investigated against different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles exhibited an inhabitation effect on all studied bacteria.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83849460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kotbi, M. Imran, K. Kaja, A. Rahaman, El Mostafa Ressami, M. Lejeune, B. Lakssir, M. Jouiad
The efficient monitoring of the environment is currently gaining a continuous growing interest in view of finding solutions for the global pollution issues and their associated climate change. In this sense, two-dimensional (2D) materials appear as one of highly attractive routes for the development of efficient sensing devices due, in particular, to the interesting blend of their superlative properties. For instance, graphene (Gr) and graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (g-CN) have specifically attracted great attention in several domains of sensing applications owing to their excellent electronic and physical-chemical properties. Despite the high potential they offer in the development and fabrication of high-performance gas-sensing devices, an exhaustive comparison between Gr and g-CN is not well established yet regarding their electronic properties and their sensing performances such as sensitivity and selectivity. Hence, this work aims at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the latest experimental advances in the fabrication, characterization, development, and implementation of these 2D materials in gas-sensing applications. Then, the reported results are compared to our numerical simulations using density functional theory carried out on the interactions of Gr and g-CN with some selected hazardous gases’ molecules such as NO2, CO2, and HF. Our findings conform with the superior performances of the g-CN regarding HF detection, while both g-CN and Gr show comparable detection performances for the remaining considered gases. This allows suggesting an outlook regarding the future use of these 2D materials as high-performance gas sensors.
{"title":"Graphene and g-C3N4-Based Gas Sensors","authors":"A. Kotbi, M. Imran, K. Kaja, A. Rahaman, El Mostafa Ressami, M. Lejeune, B. Lakssir, M. Jouiad","doi":"10.1155/2022/9671619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9671619","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient monitoring of the environment is currently gaining a continuous growing interest in view of finding solutions for the global pollution issues and their associated climate change. In this sense, two-dimensional (2D) materials appear as one of highly attractive routes for the development of efficient sensing devices due, in particular, to the interesting blend of their superlative properties. For instance, graphene (Gr) and graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (g-CN) have specifically attracted great attention in several domains of sensing applications owing to their excellent electronic and physical-chemical properties. Despite the high potential they offer in the development and fabrication of high-performance gas-sensing devices, an exhaustive comparison between Gr and g-CN is not well established yet regarding their electronic properties and their sensing performances such as sensitivity and selectivity. Hence, this work aims at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the latest experimental advances in the fabrication, characterization, development, and implementation of these 2D materials in gas-sensing applications. Then, the reported results are compared to our numerical simulations using density functional theory carried out on the interactions of Gr and g-CN with some selected hazardous gases’ molecules such as NO2, CO2, and HF. Our findings conform with the superior performances of the g-CN regarding HF detection, while both g-CN and Gr show comparable detection performances for the remaining considered gases. This allows suggesting an outlook regarding the future use of these 2D materials as high-performance gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85145754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the study, chitosan was decomposed into low molecular weight chitosan by using different H2O2 concentrations for chain termination, and then chitosan was prepared with different concentrations of tripolyphosphate cations (TPP). We have obtained the following result: the formation of chitosan depends on the concentration of TPP; TPP at low or high concentrations does not react with chitosan to form small chitosan molecules. Properly structured chitosan is only obtained when the mass ratio of chitosan/TPP is 6 : 3. At this rate, when the mass ratio of chitosan/TPP is approximately 6 : 3, there the formed nanochitosan particles have good antibacterial ability against strains of E. coli, M. catarrhalis, and S. aureus. In this work, initially, a successful preparation of a suspension between nasal spray and small chitosan suspension was found at manufacturing ratios: 5 ml nasal spray and 5 ml manufactured chitosan suspension at concentrations of 1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml. It proves that the chain termination process by using H2O2 and the creation cross-linking when adding TPP are successful to a certain extent.
{"title":"Study on Fabrication of Antibacterial Low Molecular Weight Nanochitosan Using Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Hydrogen Peroxide","authors":"T. Nguyen, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1155/2022/8368431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8368431","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, chitosan was decomposed into low molecular weight chitosan by using different H2O2 concentrations for chain termination, and then chitosan was prepared with different concentrations of tripolyphosphate cations (TPP). We have obtained the following result: the formation of chitosan depends on the concentration of TPP; TPP at low or high concentrations does not react with chitosan to form small chitosan molecules. Properly structured chitosan is only obtained when the mass ratio of chitosan/TPP is 6 : 3. At this rate, when the mass ratio of chitosan/TPP is approximately 6 : 3, there the formed nanochitosan particles have good antibacterial ability against strains of E. coli, M. catarrhalis, and S. aureus. In this work, initially, a successful preparation of a suspension between nasal spray and small chitosan suspension was found at manufacturing ratios: 5 ml nasal spray and 5 ml manufactured chitosan suspension at concentrations of 1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml. It proves that the chain termination process by using H2O2 and the creation cross-linking when adding TPP are successful to a certain extent.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78025242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. With the recent increase in antibiotic resistance to conventional antibiotics, gold nanoparticles, and medicinal plants, extracts present an interesting alternative. Objectives. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate Pyrenacantha grandiflora Baill extracts and gold nanoparticle conjugates against pathogenic bacteria. Methods. We synthesized gold nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods. The nanoparticles were characterized by the use of UV-visible spectrophotometry, followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Gold nanoparticles were conjugated to plant extracts and analyzed with a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). We determined the antimicrobial activity of the conjugates using well diffusion and the microdilution assays. Results. The UV–visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed a synthesis peak at 530 nm. FTIR analysis indicated functional biomolecules that were associated with plant extract conjugated gold nanoparticles; the formation of C–H group and carbonyl (C=O) groups, –OH carbonyl, and C≡C groups were also observed. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles were star-shaped when observed by TEM with an average size of 11 nm. Gold nanoparticles synthesized with P. grandiflora water extracts showed the largest zone of inhibition (22 mm). When the gold nanoparticles synthesized by the biological method were conjugated with acetone extracts of P. grandiflora, MIC as low as 0.0063 mg/mL was observed against beta-lactamase producing K. pneumonia. The activity of acetone extracts was improved with chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles particularly when beta-lactamase producing E. coli and MRSA were used as test organisms. A synergistic effect was observed against all tested bacteria, except for MRSA when gold nanoparticles were conjugated with acetone extract. Conclusion. Overall, P. grandiflora tuber extracts conjugated with gold nanoparticles showed a very good antibacterial activity that improved both plant extract and gold nanoparticle’s individual activity.
{"title":"Syntheses, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation of P. grandiflora Extracts Conjugated with Gold Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Murei, K. Pillay, A. Samie","doi":"10.1155/2021/8687627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8687627","url":null,"abstract":"Background. With the recent increase in antibiotic resistance to conventional antibiotics, gold nanoparticles, and medicinal plants, extracts present an interesting alternative. Objectives. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate Pyrenacantha grandiflora Baill extracts and gold nanoparticle conjugates against pathogenic bacteria. Methods. We synthesized gold nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods. The nanoparticles were characterized by the use of UV-visible spectrophotometry, followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Gold nanoparticles were conjugated to plant extracts and analyzed with a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). We determined the antimicrobial activity of the conjugates using well diffusion and the microdilution assays. Results. The UV–visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed a synthesis peak at 530 nm. FTIR analysis indicated functional biomolecules that were associated with plant extract conjugated gold nanoparticles; the formation of C–H group and carbonyl (C=O) groups, –OH carbonyl, and C≡C groups were also observed. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles were star-shaped when observed by TEM with an average size of 11 nm. Gold nanoparticles synthesized with P. grandiflora water extracts showed the largest zone of inhibition (22 mm). When the gold nanoparticles synthesized by the biological method were conjugated with acetone extracts of P. grandiflora, MIC as low as 0.0063 mg/mL was observed against beta-lactamase producing K. pneumonia. The activity of acetone extracts was improved with chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles particularly when beta-lactamase producing E. coli and MRSA were used as test organisms. A synergistic effect was observed against all tested bacteria, except for MRSA when gold nanoparticles were conjugated with acetone extract. Conclusion. Overall, P. grandiflora tuber extracts conjugated with gold nanoparticles showed a very good antibacterial activity that improved both plant extract and gold nanoparticle’s individual activity.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Usami, S. Salman, K. Kuroda, M. Gouda, A. Mahdy, M. Okido
Cobalt-nickel nanoparticles (Co-Ni-NPs) show promising electrochemical performance in oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) due to their physicochemical properties such as electronic configuration and great electrochemical stability. Therefore, developing new economically and environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing Co-Ni-NPs has become a practical requirement. Co-Ni-NPs were produced by employing the liquid-phase reduction method. Nickel and cobalt sulfate solutions in hydrazine monohydrate with various mixing ratios were used as raw materials. Nickel plays an important role in the nucleation process via increasing the reduction reaction rate throughout the formation of Co-Ni-NPs. Furthermore, the acceleration of the Co-Ni-NPs formation process may be attributed to the partial dissolution of Ni(OH)2 in the presence of N2H4 and/or citrate-anions and the formation of the Ni-N2H4 or Ni-Cit complexes in contrast to Co(OH)2.
{"title":"Synthesis of Cobalt-Nickel Nanoparticles via a Liquid-Phase Reduction Process","authors":"T. Usami, S. Salman, K. Kuroda, M. Gouda, A. Mahdy, M. Okido","doi":"10.1155/2021/9401024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9401024","url":null,"abstract":"Cobalt-nickel nanoparticles (Co-Ni-NPs) show promising electrochemical performance in oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) due to their physicochemical properties such as electronic configuration and great electrochemical stability. Therefore, developing new economically and environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing Co-Ni-NPs has become a practical requirement. Co-Ni-NPs were produced by employing the liquid-phase reduction method. Nickel and cobalt sulfate solutions in hydrazine monohydrate with various mixing ratios were used as raw materials. Nickel plays an important role in the nucleation process via increasing the reduction reaction rate throughout the formation of Co-Ni-NPs. Furthermore, the acceleration of the Co-Ni-NPs formation process may be attributed to the partial dissolution of Ni(OH)2 in the presence of N2H4 and/or citrate-anions and the formation of the Ni-N2H4 or Ni-Cit complexes in contrast to Co(OH)2.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88602748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greissy Stefhany Encinas Estrada, Augusto Castillo Calderón
Lipases due to their ecological nature and catalytic versatility, are ideal for their application in the fish oil hydrolysis industry due to their selective property, which allows the preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the lipid structure. The objective of this research was to determine the activity and kinetic parameters of a commercial AY AMANO "30SD" lipase, as well as the temperature and time values to achieve an optimal degree of hydrolysis in semi-refined anchovy oil. The experiments were carried out in a jacketed minireactor with a working volume of 400 mL (oil-water-enzyme) with temperature control and pH 7.00, enzyme concentration 350 U/mL and stirring 160 rpm. A 3x3 factorial design and the response surface methodology were used. The results obtained from the study of the enzyme were: activity = 37 384.55 ± 395.07 U/g and kinetic parameters: Km = 7.98 g/L and Vmax. = 0.038887 g/Lxmin. Correspondingly, the following optimal parameters were obtained: Degree of hydrolysis 4.01%, temperature 46.86 °C and hydrolysis time 90 minutes, with a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05). Conclusions: The study allowed us to kinetically characterize the commercial lipase and determine the optimum degree of hydrolysis of the semi-refined anchovy oil.
{"title":"Kinetic study of a commercial lipase for hydrolysis of semi-refined oil of anchovy (Engraulis ringens) [Estudio cinético de una lipasa comercial para la hidrólisis de aceite semirrefinado de anchoa (Engraulis ringens)]","authors":"Greissy Stefhany Encinas Estrada, Augusto Castillo Calderón","doi":"10.32829/nanoj.v5i1.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32829/nanoj.v5i1.146","url":null,"abstract":"Lipases due to their ecological nature and catalytic versatility, are ideal for their application in the fish oil hydrolysis industry due to their selective property, which allows the preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the lipid structure. The objective of this research was to determine the activity and kinetic parameters of a commercial AY AMANO \"30SD\" lipase, as well as the temperature and time values to achieve an optimal degree of hydrolysis in semi-refined anchovy oil. The experiments were carried out in a jacketed minireactor with a working volume of 400 mL (oil-water-enzyme) with temperature control and pH 7.00, enzyme concentration 350 U/mL and stirring 160 rpm. A 3x3 factorial design and the response surface methodology were used. The results obtained from the study of the enzyme were: activity = 37 384.55 ± 395.07 U/g and kinetic parameters: Km = 7.98 g/L and Vmax. = 0.038887 g/Lxmin. Correspondingly, the following optimal parameters were obtained: Degree of hydrolysis 4.01%, temperature 46.86 °C and hydrolysis time 90 minutes, with a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05). Conclusions: The study allowed us to kinetically characterize the commercial lipase and determine the optimum degree of hydrolysis of the semi-refined anchovy oil.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89937147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rumesh Samarawickrama, U.G.S. Wijayapala, N.D. Wanasekara, C. Fernando
Natural dyes can make less environmental problems associated with manufactured colouring agents and textile dyeing. But, the natural dyes fixing process was used chemicals called mordant. The most of times mordants were used metallic salts and metal salts mordants were not environmentally friendly. Therefore, remove the disadvantage associated with natural colorants and the use of nanoparticles. In this research, cotton fabric was treated with the nanoparticle of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as mordant. The cellulose nanocrystals extraction process was done by using Whatman filter paper. The cellulose nanocrystals obtained will be further analyzed and characterized by using selected tools such as Particle size analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cotton fabrics mordanting processes were done by two types of pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. The three natural ingredients of Mangifera indica (Mango) leaves, Tectona grandis (Teak) leaves and Lannea coromandelica (Indian ash tree) leaves were used to extract the natural dyes using with aqueous extraction method. The extracts from dyeing processes were carried out after and before mordanting processes. The dyed sample from colour fastness to light, washing, and crocking were assessed according to standard methods. The cellulose nanocrystals gave very good colour fastness to light, wash, and rubbing when dyed with all three dye extractions. In the present study, innovative mordant of cellulose nanocrystals and natural dyeing with three natural dye extractions have been shown to give good dyeing results with cotton fabric.
{"title":"Improving Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics to Natural Dyes with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) [Mejora de las propiedades de teñido de telas de algodón a tintes naturales con nanocristales de celulosa (CNC)]","authors":"Rumesh Samarawickrama, U.G.S. Wijayapala, N.D. Wanasekara, C. Fernando","doi":"10.32829/nanoj.v5i1.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32829/nanoj.v5i1.141","url":null,"abstract":"Natural dyes can make less environmental problems associated with manufactured colouring agents and textile dyeing. But, the natural dyes fixing process was used chemicals called mordant. The most of times mordants were used metallic salts and metal salts mordants were not environmentally friendly. Therefore, remove the disadvantage associated with natural colorants and the use of nanoparticles. In this research, cotton fabric was treated with the nanoparticle of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as mordant. The cellulose nanocrystals extraction process was done by using Whatman filter paper. The cellulose nanocrystals obtained will be further analyzed and characterized by using selected tools such as Particle size analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cotton fabrics mordanting processes were done by two types of pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. The three natural ingredients of Mangifera indica (Mango) leaves, Tectona grandis (Teak) leaves and Lannea coromandelica (Indian ash tree) leaves were used to extract the natural dyes using with aqueous extraction method. The extracts from dyeing processes were carried out after and before mordanting processes. The dyed sample from colour fastness to light, washing, and crocking were assessed according to standard methods. The cellulose nanocrystals gave very good colour fastness to light, wash, and rubbing when dyed with all three dye extractions. In the present study, innovative mordant of cellulose nanocrystals and natural dyeing with three natural dye extractions have been shown to give good dyeing results with cotton fabric.","PeriodicalId":16378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91219361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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